EP3775715A1

EP3775715A1 - Method for cooling and/or heating a body or a fluid in a motor vehicle

Info

Publication number: EP3775715A1
Application number: EP19722937.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Wissam Rached
Original assignee: Arkema France SA
Current assignee: Arkema France SA
Priority date: 2018-04-13
Filing date: 2019-04-11
Publication date: 2021-02-17
Also published as: WO2019197783A1; US20210046802A1; FR3080169B1; FR3080169A1; CN111727350A; JP2021517955A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cooling and/or heating a body or a fluid in a motor vehicle using a system comprising a steam compression circuit in which flows a first heat transfer composition and a secondary circuit in which flows a second heat transfer composition. The invention also relates to an installation for cooling and/or heating a body or a fluid in a motor vehicle, and to a use for cooling and/or heating a body or a fluid in a motor vehicle, to a heat transfer composition comprising one or more heat transfer compounds having a boiling point between 0 and 40°C, chosen from among the hydrochlorofluoroolefins, the hydrofluoroolefins and combinations thereof.

Description

METHOD FOR COOLING AND / OR HEATING A BODY OR A FLUID IN A MOTOR VEHICLE

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method for cooling and / or heating a body or a fluid in a motor vehicle, and an installation adapted to the implementation of this method. The invention also relates to the use of hydrochlorofluoroolefins and hydrofluoroolefins having a boiling point of 0 to 40 ° C for this purpose.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

In motor vehicles, the heat engine comprises a coolant circulation circuit which is used for cooling the engine and also for heating the passenger compartment. For this purpose, the circuit comprises in particular a pump and a heater in which circulates a flow of air which recovers the heat stored by the heat transfer fluid to heat the passenger compartment.

Furthermore, an air conditioning system for cooling the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle comprises an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, a pressure reducer and a fluid that can change state (liquid / gas) commonly referred to as a refrigerant or fluid heat transfer. The compressor, driven directly by the vehicle engine using a belt and a pulley, compresses the refrigerant, delivering it under high pressure and at high temperature to the condenser. The condenser, thanks to a forced ventilation, causes the condensation of the gas which arrives at the gaseous state with high pressure and high temperature. The condenser liquefies the gas by lowering the temperature of the air passing through it. The evaporator is a heat exchanger that draws calories to the air that will be blown into the cabin. The regulator regulates the flow rate of gas entering the loop via a passage section change depending on the temperature and the pressure at the evaporator. Thus, the warm air coming from outside cools by passing through the evaporator. The refrigerant traditionally used in automotive air conditioning is 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a).

However, a large number of HFC fluids, including the FIFC-134a, can contribute negatively to the greenhouse effect. This contribution is quantified by a numerical parameter, the GWP (Global Warming Potential).

Another refrigerant now used in heat transfer applications is 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (FIFO-1234yf). However, even if FIFO-1234yf is a low GWP fluid, it is considered a flammable fluid.

The document WO 2013/035908 describes a system for monitoring the temperature of a vehicle, installed near an evaporator. This document does not mention specific products for cooling and / or heating the vehicle.

The document US 2014/0202671 describes a cooling and / or heating system for an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising a heat sink containing as a cooling fluid HFO-1234yf or a mixture of water and glycol.

FR 3008929 discloses a thermal conditioning device for a motor vehicle comprising a refrigerant circuit and two heat transfer fluid circuits, the refrigerant being HFC-134a or HFO-1234yf, and the coolant being a mixture of water and antifreeze.

WO 2007/042621 discloses a heat exchanger device comprising a liquid / solid phase change material used to control the temperature of a vehicle, a building, a room or even a computer .

EP 1598406 discloses a latent heat storage material comprising a liquid / solid phase change material as well as graphite for storage of energy in the form of latent heat.

Document WO 2016/138463 describes a device for storing electrical energy, used to charge vehicles as well as electronic devices, while at the same time minimizing the risk of fire.

WO 2008/001004 discloses a temperature control device capable of transferring heat from a hot source to a cold source by means of a cooling fluid in a closed circuit, for application in space. EP 1621389 discloses a system for supplying electrical energy to a vehicle when the vehicle engine is stopped. The system described in the document comprises a thermal energy storage material such as water or brine.

EP 2416438 discloses a battery module having improved security, the module comprising a heat sink mounted on a plurality of stacked battery cells for controlling the temperature of an electric or hybrid vehicle. This module comprises a phase change material such as paraffin, polyethylene glycol, or an inorganic hydrate.

The document WO 2012/146368 describes an assembly comprising a refrigerant circuit and a heat transfer fluid circuit that exchange heat with each other by means of a refrigerant / heat transfer fluid exchanger and a storage device. thermally containing a phase change material. This set is applied to motor vehicles.

WO 98/13222 discloses a thermal energy storage and distribution unit for air conditioning and / or heating a vehicle, which comprises a chamber containing a phase change material such as for example a paraffin.

WO 2007/1 14615 discloses a battery fenced in a structure in which circulates a heat transfer medium, the battery being covered with a layer comprising a phase change material.

The document FR 2847973 describes a heat exchanger for a coolant circuit, applied to air conditioning evaporators of motor vehicles. The evaporator comprises a thermal storage fluid formed of a phase change material selected from paraffins, hydrated salts and eutectic compounds.

The document WO 201 1/072988 describes a device as well as a method for controlling the temperature of a vehicle, comprising at least one phase-change material that can be brought into thermal contact with the passenger compartment and with the vehicle battery.

Document US 2006/0168991 discloses a vehicle air conditioning system, comprising a compression refrigerant circuit and a thermal accumulator which comprises a heat storage medium. The heat storage medium may for example be a paraffin. There is a need to provide efficient and safe cooling and / or heating processes for a body or fluid in an automotive vehicle, while limiting or reducing the amount of flammable products in the vehicle or the proximity of the vehicle. these with the hottest parts of the vehicle.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates first of all to a method of cooling a body or a fluid in a motor vehicle, by means of a system comprising a vapor compression circuit in which a first heat transfer composition and a secondary circuit in which circulates a second heat transfer composition, the method comprising:

- the transfer of heat from the body or fluid to the second

heat transfer composition, causing the evaporation of this second heat transfer composition;

the heat transfer of the second composition of

transferring heat to the first heat transfer composition, causing condensation of the second heat transfer composition and evaporation of the first heat transfer composition.

The invention also relates to a method for heating a body or a fluid in a motor vehicle, by means of a system comprising a vapor compression circuit in which a first heat transfer composition and a circuit circulates. in which a second heat transfer composition circulates, the method comprising:

the heat transfer of the second composition of

transfer of heat to the body or fluid, causing the condensation of this second heat transfer composition;

the heat transfer of the first composition of

transferring heat to the second heat transfer composition, causing evaporation of the second heat transfer composition and condensation of the first heat transfer composition.

In some embodiments, the fluid is air, and preferably the method is a method of air conditioning the passenger compartment of the vehicle or heating the passenger compartment of the vehicle; and / or the body is a battery; and / or the body is one or more electronic compounds.

In some embodiments, the first heat transfer composition comprises 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.

In some embodiments, the second heat transfer composition comprises one or more heat transfer compounds having a boiling temperature of 0 to 40 ° C, preferably selected from hydrochlorofluoroolefins, hydrofluoroolefins, and combinations of those -this ; more preferably selected from 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, preferably in E form; 1-chloro 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, preferably in Z form, and 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene in E and / or Z form.

In some embodiments, the second heat transfer composition is at substantially uniform pressure in the secondary circuit, said pressure preferably being equal to the saturation pressure of the second composition.

In some embodiments, the motor vehicle is an electric or hybrid vehicle.

The invention also relates to an installation for cooling and / or heating a body or a fluid in a motor vehicle comprising:

a vapor compression circuit in which circulates a

first heat transfer composition; and

a secondary circuit in which a second

heat transfer composition;

the vapor compression circuit being coupled with the secondary circuit by an intermediate heat exchanger, so as to evaporate the first heat transfer composition and to condense the second heat transfer composition, and / or to condense the first heat transfer composition; heat transfer and evaporating the second heat transfer composition; and the plant comprising an additional heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from the body or fluid to the second heat transfer composition by evaporating the second heat transfer composition, and / or configured to transfer heat from the second heat transfer composition heat transfer composition to the body or fluid by condensing the second heat transfer composition.

In some embodiments, the secondary circuit does not include a compressor. In some embodiments, the vapor compression circuit is reversible and further comprises means for reversing its operation.

In some embodiments, the circulation of the second heat transfer composition in the secondary circuit after condensation thereof is effected by means of a pump, or by gravity, or by capillarity.

In some embodiments, the secondary circuit comprises a plurality of additional heat exchangers configured to cool and / or heat a plurality of bodies or fluids preferably from air, cockpit, battery, and electronic components of the vehicle.

In some embodiments, the installation is adapted for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment of the vehicle, and / or the heating of the passenger compartment of the vehicle, and / or for the cooling of the vehicle battery, and / or the heating of the vehicle battery, and / or the cooling of the electronic compounds of the vehicle, and / or the heating of the electronic compounds of the vehicle.

In some embodiments, the second heat transfer composition comprises one or more heat transfer compounds having a boiling temperature of 0 to 40 ° C, preferably selected from hydrochlorofluoroolefins, hydrofluoroolefins, and combinations of those -this ; and more preferably from 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene preferably in E form, 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, preferably in Z form, and 1,1,1 4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene in E and / or Z form.

The invention also relates to a use for cooling and / or heating a body or a fluid in a motor vehicle, a heat transfer composition comprising one or more heat transfer compounds having a temperature of boiling range of 0 to 40 ° C, selected from hydrochlorofluoroolefins, hydrofluoroolefins and combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the hydrochlorofluoroolefin is selected from 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1-chloro-3,3,3 trifluoropropene is preferably in E form, and 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is preferably Z form; and the hydrofluoroolefin is 1, 1, 1, 4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene in E and / or Z form.

In some embodiments, the heat transfer composition is not squeezed or relaxed; and wherein the heat transfer composition preferably exchanges heat with another heat transfer composition that circulates in a vapor compression circuit.

In some embodiments, the use is for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment of the vehicle, and / or the heating of the passenger compartment of the vehicle, and / or for the cooling of the vehicle battery, and / or the heating of the vehicle the vehicle battery, and / or the cooling of the electronic compounds of the vehicle, and / or the heating of the electronic compounds of the vehicle.

The present invention makes it possible to meet the need expressed above. It more particularly provides a method for cooling and / or heating a body or a fluid in an efficient and secure motor vehicle. It makes it possible, where appropriate, to limit or reduce the quantity of flammable products in the vehicle or the proximity of these with the hottest parts of the vehicle.

According to some aspects of the invention, this is accomplished through the use of two heat transfer compositions, one circulating in a vapor compression circuit and the other circulating in a secondary circuit, the transfer composition of heat in the secondary circuit evaporating and condensing to effect the required heat transfers with the desired body or fluid. Preferably, the heat transfer composition in the secondary circuit does not contain a flammable heat transfer compound; or this composition is non-flammable. More particularly, when the HFO-1234yf is used as a heat transfer fluid in the vapor compression circuit, the use of the secondary circuit makes it possible to limit the extent of the vapor compression circuit and to reduce the amount of HFO-1234yf. 1234yf used and / or to avoid a proximity of the FIFO-1234yf with the hottest or high-voltage vehicle components, thus decreasing the risk of leakage and fire. In addition, the use of a secondary circuit facilitates the thermal management of the vehicle. More particularly, and if we take as an example electric cars, many heat sources (battery, electrical and electronic circuit, engine) as well as many heating and / or cooling needs (battery, cabin) exist on different levels of temperatures. The use of a secondary circuit comprising a fluid of Heat transfer facilitates the thermal management of this equipment compared to other technologies.

In some embodiments, the use of the secondary circuit also allows a reduction in energy consumption due to a low pumping power, compared to the use of a monophasic heat transfer fluid.

In some embodiments, the use of the secondary circuit including the second heat transfer composition allows lightening of the vehicle, avoiding the use of solid phase change materials to effect heat exchange.

In some embodiments, the second heat transfer composition not containing flammable, or at least non-flammable, heat transfer compounds may also be used as extinguishing agent in case of overheating of the battery. vehicle.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figure 1 schematically shows an embodiment of an installation according to the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The invention is now described in more detail and without limitation in the description which follows.

The invention relates to a heat transfer method for cooling and / or heating a body or a fluid in a motor vehicle, implemented by means of a heat transfer installation. The plant contains a first and a second heat transfer composition, each heat transfer composition comprising a heat transfer fluid that includes one or more heat transfer compounds.

The term "heat transfer compound" is intended to mean a compound capable of absorbing heat while evaporating and of rejecting heat while condensing in the application under consideration.

In the context of the invention, "HFO-1234yf" refers to 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, "HCFO-1233zd" refers to

1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, "HCFO-1224yd" refers to 1-chloro 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and "HFO-1336mzz" refers to

1, 1, 1, 4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene. The motor vehicle may be a thermal, electric or hybrid vehicle, preferably an electric or hybrid vehicle. It comprises at least one motor, which can be an electric or thermal motor. When the vehicle is electric or hybrid, it comprises an electronic circuit and a traction battery, designated more simply battery in the suite.

Installation for cooling and / or heating in a vehicle

The invention relates to a method of heat transfer, comprising cooling and / or heating a body or a fluid in a motor vehicle, in a heat transfer installation.

The method according to the invention can thus be a method of cooling the body or the fluid in the vehicle.

Alternatively, the method according to the invention can be a method of heating the body or the fluid in the vehicle.

Alternatively, the process according to the invention may be a process in which one or more cooling phases of the body or of the fluid alternate with one or more heating phases of the body or of the fluid.

The method according to the invention is implemented by means of the installation presented below.

The heat transfer facility includes a vapor compression circuit that contains a first heat transfer composition (or refrigeration circuit) and a secondary circuit containing a second heat transfer composition (or heat transfer circuit).

According to one embodiment of the invention, shown schematically in FIG. 1, the vapor compression circuit 1 is coupled with the secondary circuit 2. The vapor compression circuit 1 comprises at least a first heat exchanger 3, a expansion valve 4, an intermediate heat exchanger 5 and a compressor 6. The first heat exchanger 3 is preferably of the air / refrigerant type, and it allows a heat exchange with a source of energy such as the air of the environment. The secondary circuit 2 comprises at least one additional heat exchanger 7.

By "energy source" is meant a solid and / or liquid and / or gaseous body that can absorb or yield calories as needed. Examples of sources of energy are outside air, cabin air, battery and vehicle electronics.

In cooling mode (cooling of a body or fluid in the vehicle), heat is transferred from the body or fluid into the vehicle to the additional heat exchanger 7 causing the evaporation of the second heat transfer composition circulating in the secondary circuit 2. The second heat transfer composition is subsequently directed into the intermediate heat exchanger 5, which plays the role of the condenser for the secondary circuit 2. In the vapor compression circuit 1, the first heat transfer composition is compressed by the compressor 6, it passes through the first heat exchanger 3 acting as a condenser (c '). that is, transfers calories to a source such as outside air), then the expander 4 where it is expanded, and then the intermediate heat exchanger 5 acting as an evaporator for the vapor compression circuit 1. Thus, in the intermediate heat exchanger 5, heat is transferred from the second heat transfer composition to the first heat transfer composition, causing the condensation of the second heat transfer composition and the evaporation of the heat transfer composition. first heat transfer composition. The first heat transfer composition is then directed back to the compressor 6, while the second heat transfer composition is directed to the additional heat exchanger 7, and allows cooling of the body or fluid in the vehicle.

In heat pump mode (heating a body or fluid in the vehicle), not shown in Figure 1, heat is transferred to the body or fluid in the vehicle from the additional heat exchanger 7 causing the condensation of the second heat transfer composition circulating in the secondary circuit 2. The second heat transfer composition is subsequently directed into the intermediate heat exchanger 5, which acts as an evaporator for the secondary circuit 2. the vapor compression circuit 1, the first heat transfer composition is expanded in the expander 4, it passes through the first heat exchanger 3 acting as evaporator (that is to say absorbs calories from a source as the outside air), then the compressor 6 where it is compressed, then the intermediate heat exchanger 5 acting as a condenser for the vapor compression circuit 1. Thus, in the intermediate heat exchanger 5, heat is transferred from the first heat transfer composition to the second heat transfer composition, causing condensation of the first heat transfer composition and evaporation of the heat transfer composition. second heat transfer composition. The first heat transfer composition is subsequently directed back to the expander 4, while the second heat transfer composition heat is directed to the additional heat exchanger 7, and allows the heating of the body or fluid in the vehicle.

In some embodiments, a same heat exchanger can perform the function of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 or the first heat exchanger 3 described above, depending on the mode of operation. Additional exchangers can also be added to provide the same functions. A set of pipes and valves can be used to ensure the change of function for each exchanger.

In some embodiments, the vapor compression circuit 1 is reversible and may further include means for reversing its operation.

The means for inverting the operation of the reversible steam compression circuit 1 are means for reversing the operation of the steam compression circuit 1 between a configuration in cooling mode and a configuration in heat pump mode.

The aforementioned inversion means may be means for modifying the path of the first heat transfer composition in the reversible steam compression circuit 1, or means for reversing the flow direction of the first heat transfer composition. in said circuit 1.

The aforementioned inversion means may be a four-way valve, an inverting valve, a shutoff valve, an expander, or combinations thereof.

For example, during the inversion of the operating mode of the vapor compression circuit 1, the role of a heat exchanger can be changed: for example, a heat exchanger can act as a condenser in a mode refrigerant or the role of an evaporator in a heat pump mode or vice versa.

Alternatively, during the inversion of the operating mode of the vapor compression circuit 1, the role of a heat exchanger can remain the same. The heat exchanger is simply connected to other energy sources, through valves, can absorb or give calories according to its function in the vapor compression circuit 1.

In some embodiments, the first heat transfer composition may flow in the vapor compression circuit 1 in a single direction. In some embodiments, the first heat transfer composition may flow in the vapor compression circuit 1 in both directions, i.e., a first direction and an opposite direction.

The reversible vapor compression circuit 1 can typically contain pipes, pipes, hoses, tanks or the like, in which the first heat transfer composition circulates, between the different exchangers, expansion valves, valves, etc.

Depending on the operating mode of the vapor compression circuit 1, refrigerating or heat pump, the first heat exchanger 3 can act as an evaporator or energy recuperator (condenser). It is the same for the intermediate heat exchanger 5.

It is possible to use any type of heat exchanger in the vapor compression circuit 1, including co-current heat exchangers or, preferably, countercurrent heat exchangers.

According to a preferred embodiment, the invention provides that the cooling and heating processes, and the corresponding installations, comprise a countercurrent heat exchanger, either at the first heat exchanger 3, or at the heat exchanger In fact, the heat transfer compositions described in the present application are particularly effective with countercurrent heat exchangers. Preferably, both the first heat exchanger 3 and the intermediate heat exchanger 5 are countercurrent heat exchangers.

According to the invention, the term "countercurrent heat exchanger" is understood to mean a heat exchanger in which heat is exchanged between a first fluid and a second fluid, the first fluid at the inlet of the exchanger exchanging heat with the second fluid at the outlet of the exchanger, and the first fluid at the outlet of the exchanger exchanging heat with the second fluid at the inlet of the exchanger.

For example, countercurrent heat exchangers include devices in which the flow of the first fluid and the flow of the second fluid are in opposite or almost opposite directions. The exchangers operating in cross current mode with countercurrent tendency are also included among the countercurrent heat exchangers within the meaning of the present application.

The compressor 6 can be hermetic, semi-hermetic or open. Hermetic compressors comprise an engine part and a compression part which are confined in a non hermetic enclosure removable. Semi-hermetic compressors comprise a motor part and a compression part which are directly assembled against each other. The coupling between the motor part and the compression part is accessible by dissociating the two parts by disassembly. Open compressors comprise a motor part and a compression part which are separated. They can operate by belt drive or direct coupling.

As a compressor, it can be used in particular a dynamic compressor, or a positive displacement compressor.

Dynamic compressors include axial compressors and centrifugal compressors, which can be one or more stages. Centrifugal mini-compressors can also be used.

Positive displacement compressors include rotary compressors and reciprocating compressors.

Alternative compressors include diaphragm compressors and piston compressors.

Rotary compressors include screw compressors, lobe compressors, scroll (or scroll) compressors, liquid ring compressors, and paddle compressors. Screw compressors can preferably be twin screw or single screw.

In the installation that is used, the compressor 6 can be driven by an electric motor or by a gas turbine (for example powered by the exhaust gas of the vehicle) or by gearing.

In the installation that is used, the compressor 6 may comprise a device for injecting steam or liquid. The injection consists of introducing refrigerant into the compressor in the liquid or vapor state at an intermediate level between the beginning and the end of compression.

The secondary circuit 2 comprises at least one additional heat exchanger 7.

Each additional heat exchanger 7 may be a fluid / solid type exchanger, or fluid / fluid type, or fluid / air type (to heat or cool air, for example cabin air). In the latter two cases, again the additional heat exchanger (s) 7 may be co-current heat exchangers or, preferably, countercurrent heat exchangers.

The additional heat exchangers 7 may be configured to cool and / or heat a plurality of bodies or fluids, preferably from air, including cabin air, battery, and electronic compounds. of the vehicle. To cool or heat the battery or electronic compounds, it is possible to cool or heat air that is blown to the battery or electronic compounds; or to put the additional exchanger 7 concerned directly in contact with the battery or the electronic compounds, or to integrate it with the battery or the electronic compounds.

In some embodiments, the secondary circuit 2 does not include a compressor.

In some embodiments, the second heat transfer composition is at substantially uniform pressure in the secondary circuit, said pressure being equal to the saturation pressure of the second heat transfer composition at the temperature of the second transfer composition. heat. A small deviation is possible in case of loss of load. The temperature of the second heat transfer composition is preferably uniform in the secondary circuit.

In some embodiments, the second heat transfer composition remains at a constant temperature during the process.

By "saturation pressure" is meant the pressure at which a gaseous phase of a composition is in equilibrium with a liquid phase at a given temperature in a closed system.

In some embodiments, the secondary circuit 2 may comprise one or more valves, especially when it comprises several additional heat exchangers 7, in order to orient the second heat transfer composition to one or more additional heat exchangers 7 specific ; and / or to allow the change in direction of circulation of the second heat transfer composition in all or part of the secondary circuit 2.

In some embodiments, the second heat transfer composition may flow in all or part of the secondary circuit 2 in a single direction.

In some embodiments, the second heat transfer composition may flow in all or part of the secondary circuit 2 in both directions, i.e., a first direction and an opposite direction.

In some embodiments, the circulation of the second heat transfer composition in the secondary circuit 2 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 to the additional heat exchanger (s) 7 and / or the additional heat exchanger (s) 7 to the exchanger Intermediate heat can be effected by means of a pump, or by gravity, or by capillarity.

In this installation according to the invention, the vapor compression circuit 1 can be coupled with the secondary circuit 2 by the intermediate heat exchanger 5. Thus, the intermediate heat exchanger 5 can be crossed at a time by the first heat transfer composition and the second heat transfer composition.

When the plant is used for cooling a body or fluid in a vehicle, the intermediate heat exchanger 5 can evaporate the first heat transfer composition and condense the second heat transfer composition, and the Additional heat exchanger 7 is configured to transfer heat from the body or fluid to the second heat transfer composition.

When the plant is used for heating a body or fluid in a vehicle, the intermediate heat exchanger 5 can condense the first heat transfer composition and evaporate the second heat transfer composition, and the Additional heat exchanger 7 is configured to transfer heat from the second heat transfer composition to the body or fluid by condensing the second heat transfer composition.

In the context of the present application, each evaporation and condensation may be total or partial.

Evaporation can thus consist of starting from the liquid state to go to the vapor state; or the two-phase liquid / vapor state in the vapor state; or from the liquid state to the two-phase liquid / vapor state; or from a two-phase liquid / vapor state to another two-phase liquid / vapor state.

Condensation can thus consist of starting from the vapor state to go to the liquid state; or from the vapor state to the two-phase liquid / vapor state; or the two-phase liquid / vapor state in the liquid state; or from a two-phase liquid / vapor state to another two-phase liquid / vapor state.

Evaporation and condensation can be carried out at constant temperature, or at variable temperature in the case of non-azeotropic mixtures of heat transfer compounds.

In some embodiments, in the intermediate heat exchanger 5, a composition (the first heat transfer composition or the second heat transfer composition) is at a lower temperature than the other; preferably, the temperature differential is less than 12 ° C, preferably less than 8 ° C, and still preferably less than 5 ° C. Assuming that the temperature of a composition is not constant in the intermediate heat exchanger 5, for the estimation of the temperature differential above, the median temperature between the inlet and outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger.

In some embodiments, the installation and the method of the invention are adapted for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment of the vehicle.

In some embodiments, the installation and method of the invention are adapted for heating the passenger compartment of the vehicle.

In some embodiments, the installation and method of the invention are adapted for cooling the vehicle battery.

In some embodiments, the plant and method of the invention are adapted for heating the vehicle battery.

In some embodiments, the plant and method of the invention are adapted for cooling the electronic compounds of the vehicle.

In some embodiments, the plant and method of the invention are adapted for heating the electronic compounds of the vehicle.

In some embodiments, the installation and method of the invention are suitable for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment of the vehicle, and / or the heating of the passenger compartment of the vehicle, and / or the cooling of the vehicle battery. and / or heating the vehicle battery, and / or cooling the electronic compounds of the vehicle, and / or heating the electronic compounds of the vehicle.

Heat transfer composition

The invention utilizes a first heat transfer composition and a second heat transfer composition, each heat transfer composition comprising a heat transfer fluid optionally associated with lubricants and / or additives. The heat transfer fluid may comprise one or more heat transfer compounds.

The first heat transfer composition is present and circulates in the vapor compression circuit.

In some embodiments, the heat transfer fluid of the first heat transfer composition consists essentially, if not all, of HFO-1234yf. In other embodiments, the heat transfer fluid comprises HFO-1234yf in admixture with one or more other heat transfer compounds, such as hydrofluorocarbons and / or hydrofluoroolefins and / or hydrocarbons and / or hydrochlorofluoroolefins and / or or CO2.

Among the hydrofluorocarbons, mention may in particular be made of difluoromethane (HFC-32), pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (FIFC-134a), 1,1-difluoroethane (FIFC-152a), fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (IFC-227ea), 1 , 1, 1-trifluoropropane (IFC-263fb) and mixtures thereof.

Among the hydrofluoroolefins, mention may be made especially of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze), in an id and / or trans form, and preferably in trans form; and trifluoroethylene (HFO-123).

Among the hydrochlorofluoroolefins, there may be mentioned in particular 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd), in Z and / or E form, and preferably in E form.

In some embodiments, this heat transfer fluid comprises at least 50% HFO-1234yf, or at least 60% HFO-1234yf, or at least 70% HFO-1234yf, or at least 80% HFO-1234yf. 1234yf, or at least 90% HFO-1234yf, or at least 95% HFO-1234yf, by weight.

The additives that may be present in the first heat transfer composition of the invention may especially be chosen from nanoparticles, stabilizers, surfactants, tracer agents, fluorescent agents, odorants and solubilizing agents.

The total amount of additives does not exceed 5% by weight, in particular 4%, in particular 3% and especially 2% by weight or even 1% by weight of the first heat transfer composition.

In some embodiments, HFO-1234yf contains impurities. When present, they may represent less than 1%, preferably less than 0.5%, preferably less than 0.1%, preferably less than 0.05% and preferably less than 0.01% ( by weight) relative to HFO-1234yf.

One or more lubricants may be present in the first heat transfer composition. These lubricants may be chosen from polyol esters (POE), polyalkylene glycols (PAG), or polyvinyl ethers (PVE). The lubricants may be from 1 to 50%, preferably from 2 to 40% and more preferably from 5 to 30% (by weight) of the first heat transfer composition.

The heat transfer fluid of the second heat transfer composition may comprise one or more heat transfer compounds having a boiling point of 0 to 40 ° C, preferably 5 to 35 ° C and more preferably 8 to 34 ° C.

By "boiling temperature of a compound" is meant the temperature at which the compound boils under a pressure of 1 bar.

In some embodiments, the heat transfer fluid of the second heat transfer composition has a boiling temperature of 0 to 40 ° C, preferably 5 to 35 ° C and still preferably 8 to 34 ° C. .

In the case of a mixture of several compounds, the boiling point of the mixture corresponds to the mean between the boiling point temperature and the end boiling point at a pressure of 1 bar.

In some embodiments, the one or more heat transfer compounds having a boiling point of 0 to 40 ° C may be selected from hydrochlorofluoroolefins, hydrofluoroolefins, and combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the hydrochlorofluoroolefins may be selected from 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd) and 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HCFO-1224yd) and the combinations of these.

HCFO-1233zd can be in E and / or Z form.

Preferably, the HCFO-1233zd comprises more than 50 mol% of the E-form, preferably more than 60 mol% of the E-form, preferably more than 70 mol% of the E-form, preferably more than 80 mol. % of the form E, preferably more than 85 mol% of the form E, preferably more than 90 mol% of the form E, preferably more than 95 mol% of the form E, preferably more than 98 mol% of the E form and more preferably more than 99 mol% of the E form. Preferably, it is entirely in the E form.

HCFO-1224yd can be in E and / or Z form.

Preferably, the HCFO-1224yd comprises more than 50 mol% of the Z form, preferably more than 60 mol% of the Z form, preferably more than 70 mol% of the Z form, preferably more than 80 mol. % of the Z form, preferably more than 85 mole% of the Z form, preferably more than 90 mole% of the Z form, preferably more than 95 mole% of the Z form, preferably more than 98 mol% of the Z form and more preferably more than 99 mol% of the Z form. Preferably, it is entirely in Z form.

In some embodiments, the hydrofluoroolefin may be 1, 1, 1, 4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene (HFO-1336mzz) in E and / or Z form.

HFO-1336mzz can thus comprise more than 50 mol% of the Z-form, preferably more than 60 mol% of the Z-form, preferably more than 70 mol% of the Z-form, preferably more than 80 mol. % of the Z form, preferably more than 85 mole% of the Z form, preferably more than 90 mole% of the Z form, preferably more than 95 mole% of the Z form, preferably more than 98 mol% of the Z form and more preferably more than 99 mol% of the Z form. It can be entirely in the Z form.

Alternatively, the HFO-1336mzz may comprise more than 50 mol% of the E form, preferably more than 60 mol% of the E form, preferably more than 70 mol% of the E form, preferably more than 80 mol% of the form E, preferably more than 85 mol% of the E form, preferably more than 90 mol% of the E form, preferably more than 95 mol% of the E form, preferably more 98 mol% of the E form and more preferably more than 99 mol% of the E form. It can be entirely in the E form.

In some embodiments, the heat transfer compounds used in the second heat transfer composition have a latent heat of evaporation at 20 ° C above 100 kJ / kg, preferably above 10 kJ / kg, preferably greater than 120 kJ / kg, more preferably greater than 130 kJ / kg, still more preferably greater than 140 kJ / kg, more preferably greater than 150 kJ / kg, and still more preferably greater than 160 kJ / kg.

The latent heat values of the heat transfer compounds preferentially used in the second composition as a heat transfer fluid are shown in the table below for a temperature of 20 ° C. The highest latent heat is observed for HCFO-1233zd (E).

In some embodiments, the heat transfer fluid of the second heat transfer composition comprises a single heat transfer compound.

In some embodiments, the heat transfer fluid of the second heat transfer composition may be a binary mixture of heat transfer compounds.

In some embodiments, the heat transfer fluid of the second heat transfer composition may be a ternary mixture of heat transfer compounds.

The second heat transfer composition is present and circulates in the secondary circuit.

In some embodiments, the second heat transfer composition is not squeezed or relaxed.

In some embodiments, the second heat transfer composition comprises at least 50% heat transfer fluid, or at least 60% heat transfer fluid, or at least 70% heat transfer fluid, or at least 80% of heat transfer fluid, or at least 90% of heat transfer fluid, or at least 95% of heat transfer fluid, by weight.

In some embodiments, the heat transfer fluid of the second heat transfer composition consists essentially or even consists of heat transfer compounds.

The additives that may be present in the second heat transfer composition of the invention are the same as those described above in connection with the first heat transfer composition, the same concentration ranges being applied.

Claims

A method of cooling a body or fluid in a motor vehicle by means of a system comprising a vapor compression circuit in which a first heat transfer composition and a secondary circuit circulating in which a second heat transfer composition, the method comprising:

the transfer of heat from the body or fluid to the second heat transfer composition, causing the evaporation of this second heat transfer composition;

- The heat transfer of the second heat transfer composition to the first heat transfer composition, resulting in the condensation of the second heat transfer composition and the evaporation of the first heat transfer composition.

2. A method of heating a body or a fluid in a motor vehicle, by means of a system comprising a steam compression circuit in which circulates a first heat transfer composition and a secondary circuit in which circulates a second heat transfer composition, the method comprising:

- The heat transfer of the second heat transfer composition to the body or fluid, resulting in the condensation of this second heat transfer composition;

the heat transfer from the first heat transfer composition to the second heat transfer composition, causing the evaporation of the second heat transfer composition and the condensation of the first heat transfer composition.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the fluid is air, and preferably the method is a method of conditioning the passenger compartment of the vehicle or heating the passenger compartment of the vehicle; and / or the body is a battery; and / or the body is one or more electronic compounds.

4. Process according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first heat transfer composition comprises 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.

5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second heat transfer composition comprises one or more heat transfer compounds having a boiling temperature of 0 to 40 ° C, preferably selected from hydrochlorofluoroolefins , hydrofluoroolefins, and combinations thereof; more preferably selected from 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, preferably in E form; 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, preferably in Z form, and 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene in E and / or Z form.

6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second heat transfer composition is at a substantially uniform pressure in the secondary circuit, said pressure being preferably equal to the saturation pressure of the second composition.

7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the motor vehicle is an electric or hybrid vehicle.

8. Installation for cooling and / or heating a body or fluid in a motor vehicle comprising: a vapor compression circuit (1) in which a first heat transfer composition circulates; and

a secondary circuit (2) in which a second heat transfer composition circulates;

the vapor compression circuit (1) being coupled with the secondary circuit (2) by an intermediate heat exchanger (5), so as to evaporate the first heat transfer composition and to condense the second heat transfer composition, and / or condensing the first heat transfer composition and evaporating the second heat transfer composition; and the plant comprising an additional heat exchanger (7) configured to transfer heat from the body or fluid to the second heat transfer composition by evaporating the second heat transfer composition, and / or configured to transfer heat of the second heat transfer composition to the body or fluid by condensing the second heat transfer composition.

9. Installation according to claim 8, wherein the vapor compression circuit (1) is reversible and further comprises means for reversing its operation.

10. Installation according to one of claims 8 or 9, wherein the circulation of the second heat transfer composition in the secondary circuit (2) after condensation thereof is carried out by means of a pump, or by gravity , or by capillarity.

11. Installation according to one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the secondary circuit (2) comprises a plurality of additional heat exchangers (7) configured to cool and / or heat a plurality of bodies or fluids preferably from the air, the passenger compartment, the battery, and the electronic compounds of the vehicle.

12. Installation according to one of claims 8 to 1 1, adapted for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment of the vehicle, and / or the heating of the passenger compartment of the vehicle, and / or for cooling the vehicle battery, and / or heating the vehicle battery, and / or cooling the electronic compounds of the vehicle, and / or heating the electronic compounds of the vehicle.

13. Installation according to one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the first heat transfer composition comprises 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.

14. Installation according to one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the second heat transfer composition comprises one or more heat transfer compounds having a boiling temperature of 0 to 40 ° C, preferably selected from hydrochlorofluoroolefins , hydrofluoroolefins, and combinations thereof; and more preferably from 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, preferably in E form, 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, preferably in the Z-form, and 1,1,1 4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene in E and / or Z form.