EP3769416A1 - Module de capteurs et procédé de détection de paramètres d'influences externes, en particulier lors de la surveillance d'installations photovoltaïques - Google Patents

Module de capteurs et procédé de détection de paramètres d'influences externes, en particulier lors de la surveillance d'installations photovoltaïques

Info

Publication number
EP3769416A1
EP3769416A1 EP19705138.6A EP19705138A EP3769416A1 EP 3769416 A1 EP3769416 A1 EP 3769416A1 EP 19705138 A EP19705138 A EP 19705138A EP 3769416 A1 EP3769416 A1 EP 3769416A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor module
photovoltaic
solar cell
sensor
solar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19705138.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Hagendorf
Marko Turek
Jens Schneider
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP3769416A1 publication Critical patent/EP3769416A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
    • H02S50/15—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells using optical means, e.g. using electroluminescence
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sensor module for detecting external influencing parameters, in particular when monitoring photovoltaic systems, the
  • At least one solar cell serving for the measurement which is oriented towards a front side of the sensor module and has a layer structure which is connected to the
  • the invention also relates to a method in which the proposed sensor module is used to detect the external influencing parameters.
  • the temporal change of the power or the energy yield of solar or photovoltaic modules is subject to a number of extrinsic and
  • Extrinsic influencing parameters also referred to as external influencing parameters in the present patent application, include varying environmental data such as daytime-dependent solar irradiation, ambient temperatures, cooling, wind and snow loads and certain properties of the respective PV system (PV: photovoltaic), such as solar cells. high electrical potentials in the string and
  • Intrinsic parameters include changes in performance over a longer timescale, for example due to the degradation of modulus
  • Encapsulation materials or the abrasion of the applied on the cover glass of the solar modules anti-reflection coating determine the respective operating state and degradation status of the solar or photovoltaic modules or of these comprehensive PV systems on different time scales and together influence the yield.
  • Inverter of the PV system in order to obtain independent data on the operating status of the PV system from the external influencing parameters.
  • US 2006/0085167 A1 uses a sensor module for recording the reference data, in which the light irradiation is detected with the aid of a solar cell and also the temperature is determined from the measurements on the solar cell.
  • US 2010/0271199 A1 discloses the use of autonomous sensor modules with different sensors for monitoring structures.
  • Reference solar cell array which has a solar cell with a front side facing the irradiation side surface and a back surface, which is not electrically contacted over the entire surface.
  • a permanent preservation of the solar cell properties is to be ensured.
  • the arrangement described can be used for calibrating solar cells or solar modules or for detecting external influencing parameters.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a sensor module and a method for
  • the task is with the sensor module and the
  • the proposed sensor module has at least one first solar cell serving for measurement, which is oriented toward a front side of the sensor module, and at least one second serving for the measurement
  • the Solar cell which is oriented towards a rear side of the sensor module.
  • the first solar cell thus detects light radiation from the front to the
  • Sensor module meets, the second solar cell detected - depending on the design of the sensor module - either on the back of the sensor module or structures below the sensor module reflected or scattered portions of the incident of the front light radiation.
  • the proposed sensor module is constructed from largely degradation-free components and has a layer structure with a front-side optically transparent cover, a first layer of a polymeric encapsulation material, a layer with the solar cells, a second layer of the polymeric
  • Components are components of the sensor module to understand that have a higher degradation stability than the corresponding components of the
  • Solar modules is usually the cheaper EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) used.
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
  • the solar cells are chosen such that they have as little as possible or only a very small PID and LID. This can, for example.
  • the front cover of the sensor module has no antireflection coating to avoid degradation by abrasion or abrasion of this antireflection coating.
  • the proposed sensor module is preferably in the outer dimensions to the dimensions of
  • Photovoltaic modules adapted in PV systems, so that the sensor module can be integrated instead of a photovoltaic module in a photovoltaic system.
  • IV characteristics of the first and second solar cell can be detected, from which the short-circuit current, the open circuit voltage and the electrical power of the first solar cell and the short-circuit current and the open circuit voltage of the second solar cell determined as a function of time can be. This makes possible the detection of the incidence of light and also the temperature (operating temperature of the solar cell).
  • the temperature in the sensor module can also be integrated by one or more in the sensor module
  • Temperature sensors are measured directly. From the measurement on the second solar cell, the albedo can be determined, not only in bifacial
  • the present sensor module thus represents an optical-thermal multifunction sensor, which can be integrated directly into the PV system at the location of the PV modules due to its structure.
  • the sensor module provides reference data for the evaluation of the optical-thermal losses or yields in situ and in real time.
  • the reference data of the sensor module capture the short-term performance V ariations by environmental conditions at the place of
  • Modules with high time resolution solar or Lichtein radiation, ambient temperature, wind cooling and albedo.
  • the sensor module also has at least one sensor for detecting the degree of soiling of the front-side optically transparent cover.
  • sensors are commercially available and can be readily integrated into the proposed sensor module.
  • the sensor module can be integrated at any position in the string of photovoltaic modules of the PV system.
  • the reference data are thus obtained at the location of the PV system and thus form the local optical and thermal ambient and operating conditions
  • At least the current-voltage characteristics of the first and the second solar cell are measured by means of a measuring device connected to the sensor module, and from this reference values for the monitoring of the
  • Photovoltaic system or a photovoltaic module as a function of time. This is it preferably the short-circuit current, the
  • No-load voltage, power, albedo and temperature can be determined as a reference value.
  • the proposed sensor module and the associated method are preferably used in the continuous monitoring of PV systems in operations management and maintenance. Also a use in the monitoring of individual photovoltaic modules and the
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a
  • the sensor module supplies long-term stable and degradation-free measured values, in particular short-circuit current reference measured values (IscREF).
  • IscREF short-circuit current reference measured values
  • No-load voltage reference values VocREF
  • PREF power reference readings
  • albedo reference readings A
  • T temperature readings
  • S fouling reference readings
  • Some of these reference readings can be taken directly from a corresponding sensor in the sensor module, such as the temperature through a separate temperature sensor or the level of contamination by a separate clogging sensor.
  • Other reference measurement data such as the albedo or the short-circuit current (Isc) are from a
  • Measurement of the I-V bright characteristic of the inverted-induced degradation-free solar cell determined or derived.
  • the short-circuit current characteristic IscREF of the second, i. to the back-oriented solar cell determine from the measured I-V characteristic of this solar cell. From this value can then be the
  • the correlation between direct and indirect solar radiation can be determined by temporal correlations of the IscREF values of the two solar cells.
  • the temperature can be determined by means of the values for Isc and Voc (no-load voltage) of one of the solar cells of the sensor module.
  • Isc and Voc no-load voltage
  • the irradiance and the temperature of Isc and Voc can then be determined by measuring both values on the sensor module. The irradiation can alternatively be detected via a separate irradiation sensor.
  • the proposed sensor module has a
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of the construction of the proposed sensor module from the different layers.
  • the sensor module has a first solar cell 1 with front-side orientation, a second solar cell 2 with rear-side orientation, a temperature sensor 3, for example
  • thermocouple as well as a pollution sensor 4, which are arranged in the structure of Figure 1 in a layer 7 with the solar cells 1, 2.
  • the two solar cells 1, 2 are here
  • the fouling sensor 4 provides a fouling value S for normalizing the
  • the pollution sensor 4 and the temperature sensor 3 are between two layers 6, 8 of a high-quality, long-term stable polymer encapsulating material
  • the encapsulation material is chosen so as to avoid optical degradation of the encapsulation material (yellowing, delamination).
  • the contamination sensor 4 can be completely integrated in the sensor module (reflection measurement) or optionally also by an additional external
  • Light source 10 are excited, as in the
  • the present sensor module has a front glass 5 without antireflection coating in order to avoid a dependence of the value of IscREF on the state of the antireflection coating.
  • Temperature sensor 3 is used to measure the temperature in order to normalize the temperature dependence of IscREF (T).
  • a cover layer 9 is provided, which is formed either of glass or foil - according to the structure of the photovoltaic module of the PV system.
  • the glass-glass or glass-film module structure is chosen in each case so that it has comparable optical-thermal properties, such as the photovoltaic modules of the PV system in which it is used (Isc (T) ⁇ IscREF (T) and
  • Such sensor module can be integrated in a simple manner flat in an existing PV system.
  • the senor module can be integrated in a simple manner flat in an existing PV system.
  • Sensor module in different formats are designed so that it can be integrated without gaps in PV module surfaces.
  • the sensor module can also be here have additional solar cells, which can be integrated into the string of PV modules of the PV system for additional power generation. It is then full with a corresponding number of solar cells
  • the sensor module better maps the thermal operating state of the entire system and it is also possible in a simple manner to additionally measure measured values for currents and voltages in the module string.
  • the sensor module is in the proposed
  • the temperature T in the sensor module is either measured directly via the temperature sensor 3 or - as already described above - based on the Isc / Voc values of the first solar cell
  • IscRückREF reference parameter from which the albedo value is derived is derived.
  • the sensor module provides long-term stable
  • Degradation and soiling can be used.
  • the inverted laminated degradation-stable second solar cell (backside orientation) delivers by evaluation of their I-V curve a measured value for back light incidence IscRückREF. From this, the method determines values for the albedo A as well as short-term variations due to indirect radiation components. In addition, measured values for the temperature T of the solar cells and for the contamination S of the module surface are detected or determined. The recordings are made as a function of the time t.
  • these reference values of the sensor module provide time-resolved ones
  • Characteristic values for the operating state of the photovoltaic modules of the PV system (solar radiation, temperature).
  • Sensor module may be equipped with a self-sufficient power supply, which may be formed for example by one or more integrated solar cells and a storage battery. Furthermore, the sensor module can also be provided with a device for wireless data transmission, for example via a mobile radio connection,
  • the sensor module is designed to be resistant to degradation, are essentially the short-term
  • IscREF and PREF recorded taking into account the ambient conditions and the operating conditions T and S at the location of the PV system.
  • the measured data are recorded as time series and transmitted for further processing and compared with the data of the PV system Isc and P.
  • the reference data generated by the sensor module can also be used as a measure of the optimal overall system performance under the respective operating and location conditions.
  • first solar cell front side orientation
  • second solar cell rear side orientation

Landscapes

  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Un paramètre d'influences, en particulier lors de la surveillance d'installations photovoltaïques, comprend au moins une première cellule solaire (1) servant à la mesure, qui est orientée vers une face avant du module solaire, et au moins une seconde cellule solaire (2) servant à la mesure qui est orientée vers une face arrière du module solaire. Le module de capteurs est monté aux environs de la première et de la seconde cellule solaire (1, 2) à partir de composants en grande partie exempts de dégradations et comprend une structure de couches qui se rapproche de la structure de couches des modules photovoltaïques d'une installation photovoltaïque. Avec le module de capteurs selon la présente invention, des données de référence peuvent être détectées, lors de la surveillance d'installations photovoltaïques, pour des paramètres d'influences externes qui peuvent être utilisés, lors de la surveillance de l'installation photovoltaïque, pour faire une différence entre des états de fonctionnement, une dégradation de puissance générale, des dégradations optiques et des salissures.
EP19705138.6A 2018-03-19 2019-02-06 Module de capteurs et procédé de détection de paramètres d'influences externes, en particulier lors de la surveillance d'installations photovoltaïques Withdrawn EP3769416A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018204150.4A DE102018204150B4 (de) 2018-03-19 2018-03-19 Sensormodul und Verfahren zur Erfassung externer Einflussparameter, insbesondere beim Monitoring von Photovoltaik-Anlagen
PCT/EP2019/052857 WO2019179692A1 (fr) 2018-03-19 2019-02-06 Module de capteurs et procédé de détection de paramètres d'influences externes, en particulier lors de la surveillance d'installations photovoltaïques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3769416A1 true EP3769416A1 (fr) 2021-01-27

Family

ID=65411859

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19705138.6A Withdrawn EP3769416A1 (fr) 2018-03-19 2019-02-06 Module de capteurs et procédé de détection de paramètres d'influences externes, en particulier lors de la surveillance d'installations photovoltaïques

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3769416A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102018204150B4 (fr)
MA (1) MA52136A (fr)
WO (1) WO2019179692A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3910435A1 (fr) 2020-05-12 2021-11-17 Thomas Friesen Système, dispositif et procédé de détermination d'encrassement de modules photovoltaïques

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1768273B (zh) 2003-04-04 2011-05-18 Bp北美公司 光伏电源性能监视器
US8618934B2 (en) 2009-04-27 2013-12-31 Kolos International LLC Autonomous sensing module, a system and a method of long-term condition monitoring of structures
WO2012074808A2 (fr) 2010-12-02 2012-06-07 Dow Global Technologies Llc Dispositif photovoltaïque pour mesurer l'irradiation et la température
DE102013200681A1 (de) * 2013-01-17 2014-07-17 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Referenzsolarzellenanordnung
DE102015213047A1 (de) * 2015-06-08 2016-12-08 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren und Anordnung zur Prüfung eines Solarmoduls auf Anfälligkeit für Potential-induzierte Degradation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MA52136A (fr) 2021-01-27
DE102018204150B4 (de) 2021-05-06
WO2019179692A1 (fr) 2019-09-26
DE102018204150A1 (de) 2019-09-19

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