EP3767223A1 - System, especially a hand grenade - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to increase safety, particularly during transport and / or storage, a system (10) is proposed which has at least one housing (13) and an explosive (3) accommodated therein, which is initiated by a detonator (1) Insert sleeve (2, 2 ') in the housing (13) creates the possibility of removing the detonator (1) from the explosive (3), in which the detonator (1) in the insert sleeve (2, 2') is adjustable in height to the To be able to change the position of the detonator (1) to the explosive (3). A detonator head (11) can be associated with the system (10) and comprises at least one percussion cap and possibly a delay section (14). The detonator (1) can be part of the detonator head (11) and dammed with it on the ground. The insert sleeve (2, 2 ') has a cavity or empty space (5) in which a separating medium or separating agent (4), e.g. air, is introduced. A pressure element (15) is attached between the detonator head (11) and the housing (13), which is responsible for ensuring the separation of the detonator (1) and, if necessary, the delay element (14) from the explosive (3) in the event of heat, for example through fire .

Description

The invention relates to a system, in particular a hand grenade. In particular, the invention is concerned with a mechanical interruption of an ignition chain in the system when the system is exposed to heat.

A projectile, especially a hand grenade, is used in the DD 25 092 A5 disclosed. This includes a metal tube into which a delay set is screwed. A detonator is attached to the bottom of the delay kit. A plastic explosive is used as the explosive, which is initiated by the detonator.

The DE 601 08 055 T2 Located in the technical area of devices for igniting a pyrotechnic charge, in particular for a hand grenade, here of delay means for pyrotechnic initiation of a pyrotechnic chain. Pyrotechnic delay elements are defined as elements of the pyrotechnic chain that ignite an explosive charge after combustion has ended. A similar technique is seen in replacing the explosive or booster charge with a detonator which ensures that the ignition of the pyrotechnic chain continues. The detonator is enclosed in a rotor that can pivot when subjected to an external force and thereby closes the ignition chain.

Another pyrotechnic ignition chain interruption of a hand grenade detonator describes the DE 10 2009 059 951 B4 . The hand grenade detonator has a percussion cap, a delay set to be ignited by the percussion cap in a delay set receptacle, and a detonator to be ignited by the delay set in a detonator holder. In the event of an unintentional ignition of the primer cap, it is ensured that the delay set receptacle is secured in a first position so that it cannot assume a second position. This will block the pivoting movement of the detonator holder. The delay set cannot ignite the detonator.

Furthermore, linear, thermally activated systems are known, which have a negative effect on the amount of explosives that can be used in the grenade, particularly due to their size.

The mostly very complex mechanical components are very susceptible to errors. Another factor that should not be neglected is the complex sealing of the pyrotechnic interfaces with regard to environmental influences.

Detonator systems are also known which, due to their technology, are not explosive without external damming of the detonator wall and which are capable of detonation when dammed from the outside. These special explosive systems are relatively large and expensive compared to conventional detonators.

The object of the invention is to increase the safety during the transport and / or storage of a system containing a detonator, in particular hand grenades. It is also intended to prevent the hand grenade from detonating in the event of a fire.

The object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous configurations can be found in the subclaims.

The invention is based on the idea of incorporating a mechanical ignition interruption in the system, i.e. providing an effective interruption of the detonator or detonator from the explosive. This interrupts a pyrotechnic ignition chain between the detonator and the explosive. A hand grenade, for example, is defined as a system for this purpose.

The DE 10 2017 108 938 A1 describes an irritation body with means for setting an effective power. The focus is on realizing an individual setting option for the number of effective weights on site. A switching mechanism comprises a tube with bores integrated on the circumference and grooves which, by adjusting the switching mechanism, create a connection to the respective chambers provided. In a special version, the switching mechanism contains the delay charge. This ensures that the delay charge has no contact with the chambers in a secured position. This construction offers the advantage that the storage of such irritation bodies in particular becomes more reliable, since the connection between the delay set and effect charge is interrupted during storage, with none of the bores coming into contact with a chamber.

According to the invention, the detonator or detonator can be brought from a safe position into an armed position and vice versa. The detonator capsule is spatially or locally separated from the explosive to ensure it. To arm the system, the detonator is brought into the effective range of the explosive. If the system is no longer required, the detonator can be returned to the safety device. This also makes it possible to restore the system.

A restoration for a system of the same type describes the DE 10 2010 021 685 B4 . The mechanism consists of a molded part that has a bolt that is inserted into a receptacle in the Can engage rocker arm and active body housing. In addition, a profile is integrated that prevents loosening in the locked position. This profile can be a ratchet profile on the profile part, which interacts functionally with a further means on the active body.

The present system has an insert sleeve (cavity). The insert sleeve is preferably cylindrical and preferably hollow on the inside. The insert sleeve can limit the explosive. The insert sleeve is open on its top side, but closed on the bottom side. It contains the separation medium. The insert sleeve is also preferably formed by a plastic. Plastic can serve as a braking medium.

The detonator can be inserted into this insert. The detonator, for its part, can be moved in a height-adjustable manner within the insert sleeve of the system housing. In the secured state, functionality of the detonator with the explosive is prevented even if the detonator were to be initiated. In the armed state, functionality between the detonator and the warhead is deliberately set. An active power of the system can also be set deliberately in the armed state.

In a preferred embodiment, the insert sleeve can be integrated into the system housing in such a way that a modular unit can be created. Insert sleeve, explosive and housing can thus form a lower module.

A detonator head can be inserted into this module. For this purpose, the lower module has a receptacle for the detonator head. This can be provided with a rocker arm. The detonator head can be inserted into the receptacle, e.g. via a screw connection.

The detonator head also includes a percussion cap. In a preferred embodiment, a delay section is integrated in the detonator head between the percussion cap and the detonator. The detonator is preferably part of the detonator head and can be dammed with this at the bottom of the deceleration section. The detonator head, percussion cap, possibly the delay section and the detonator can for their part form an upper module in a preferred embodiment.

Already in the DE 10 2010 052 210 A1 an irritation body is proposed which is formed from at least two modules. An upper module is used to hold an ignition head with a rocker arm and contains upper blow-out openings. A lower module is intended to receive an effect charge. Both modules can be connected to one another.

A detonation wave interruption or a detonation wave weakening can be achieved by suitable separation media. A suitable separating medium, here for example air, is used as the main braking medium of the detonation wave.

A detonation wave interruption or weakening can be achieved in addition to suitable separation media also by suitable spacing within the system. For this purpose, for example, the distance between the detonator and the explosive can be varied. The distance is varied by adjusting the height of the detonator in the insert sleeve. In particular, by moving the detonator head itself, a local or spatial change in position of the detonator can be made in relation to the insert sleeve. By changing the position of the detonator, the system can be converted from a secured to an armed state and vice versa.

In the secured state, the detonator is preferably completely outside the insert sleeve. The insert sleeve only has the separating medium, e.g. air. This ensures that a possible detonation wave cannot affect the explosive. A possible detonation wave to the explosives is interrupted.

In the armed (armored) state, the detonation waves of the detonator can be amplified by means of suitable structural measures in the system. A reinforcement of the detonation wave of the detonator in the armed state can also be achieved by mechanical measures, e.g. by changing the position of the detonator in the system. When the detonator is completely in the insert, the detonation wave is usually optimized. The detonation wave can be weakened in that the detonator is brought out of the active area of the explosive up to the point that the detonator leaves the insert case again and the system is in a secured state.

This controllability of the initiation power can also be realized, for example, by a radial and axial weakening of the detonation transmission power of the detonator below the deflagration limit of the explosive.

As a further structural measure to reinforce the detonation wave, it can be provided that the insert sleeve has a type of narrowing on the bottom side or in the bottom area. This can be smaller in diameter than the diameter of the insert sleeve. The cross-section of this narrowing can be round, oval, angular, etc. A conical, frustoconical, pyramidal but also cylindrically shaped narrowing is possible. The detonator and the insert sleeve should be geometrically matched to one another. As a result, the detonator can also be centered in the end area of the insert sleeve.

An additional increase in the performance of the detonator or detonator can be achieved if an upper damming with a delay tube is provided for the delay section and detonator head. Furthermore, it is possible to control the initiation power below and above the deflagration limit of the explosive.

Provision is made for a permanent connection between the detonator head and system housing when the detonator head is adjusted, for example, and the detonator capsule connected to it within the insert sleeve in relation to the detonation waves on the explosive. Alternatively, the detonator head can also be turned completely out of the system housing.

With the invention, conventional detonators can be used; no special detonators are required. The detonators can be integrated into existing systems. A standard explosive can also be used. This enables use in standard active bodies or conventional hand grenades. There is no need to seal the moving parts. Another great advantage is that the ignition chain is not interrupted by intervening in the pyrotechnics.

The detonator has a compact design and simple mechanics. The system body and detonator head do not have to be packed separately. The system can be sharpened directly for use. When not in use, the armed system can be brought back into a safe state, into the disarmed state. A reinforcement of the detonator head without prior sharpening of the system is therefore not possible. A conversion of the system body when the detonator is triggered in the secured state is excluded.

In order to increase safety, particularly during transport and / or storage, a system is proposed which has at least one housing and the explosive contained therein. It is initiated by the detonator. An insert sleeve in the housing makes it possible to remove the detonator from the explosive by adjusting the height of the detonator in the insert sleeve in order to be able to change the position or the distance between the detonator and the explosive. This constructive solution makes it possible to transport and store the system in a secure state. Another advantage that arises is that the system can now be brought from a secured and an unlocked state and from this back into a secured state on site.

A pressure element is attached between the detonator head and the housing. The additionally built-in compression spring ensures that the detonator and, if necessary, the delay element from the explosive are separated, especially when exposed to heat from fire, as the functionality and strength of plastics can no longer be guaranteed when exposed to high temperatures. This principle works on the basis of slow heat action from the outer layers of the plastic inwards and, after the outer (screw) connection has softened, actively pushes the ignition elements or the igniter head out of the active body (housing). This prevents the detonator from approaching the explosive.

Fig. 1

ein erfindungsgemäßes System,

Fig. 2

den Zünderkopf aus Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 a-c

eine skizzenartige Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Fig. 4 a-c

eine skizzenartige Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung.

The invention is to be illustrated in more detail using exemplary embodiments with drawings. The basic principle of the invention is considered in more detail. Dimensions of the individual components or the like cannot be derived from these exemplary embodiments. It shows:

Fig. 1

a system according to the invention,

Fig. 2

the detonator head off Fig. 1 ,

Fig. 3 ac

a sketch-like representation of a first embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 4 ac

a sketchy representation of a second embodiment of the invention.

In Fig. 1 is marked with 10 a system, here a hand grenade. The system 10 comprises at least one igniter head 11. A lever 12, for example a rocker arm, can be attached to the igniter head 11. The system 10 also has a housing 13. The housing 13 has an opening 13.1 for receiving the igniter head 11. The igniter head 11 can be screwed into the housing 13, for example. At least the (screw) connection between the detonator head 11 and the housing 13 is based on a material made of plastic.

Fig. 2 shows the detonator head 11 from Fig. 1 . The detonator head 11 comprises a percussion cap (not shown in detail) and has at least one detonator 1 on the bottom. In a preferred embodiment, the detonator head 11 also has a delay section which can be formed in a known manner by a delay set in a delay set receptacle 14, for example a delay tube. The detonator 1 can then be attached to this delay tube 14 on a lower base surface. The detonator cap 1 is preferably dammed with the bottom surface of the delay tube 14. In the area of the detonator 1, a pressure element 15, for example a pressure spring, is attached on the circumferential side below the detonator head 11.

The housing 13 of the system 10 is filled with an explosive 3. The housing 13 also receives an insert sleeve 2. The explosive 3 can be limited by the insert sleeve 2.

The deflagration limit of the explosive 3 used determines the necessary combustion pressure which is necessary for the formation of a necessary deflagration wave for initiating the explosive 3. Correspondingly, the transmission of detonation can be weakened by means of suitable separating media and / or spacings, so that the explosive 3 is not initiated. With these measures, individually or in combination, an interruption or weakening of the detonation wave acting on the explosive 3 can be created. A secured state can thereby also be set.

In a first version after the Figures 3a-3c the insert sleeve 2 is designed to be cylindrical with a flat base 6 and has an opening 8 opposite this base 6. The insert sleeve 2 has a cavity or empty space 5. A separating medium or separating agent 4, for example air, can be introduced into this. The detonator 1 can be brought into and out of the insert sleeve 2. For this purpose, the detonator capsule 1 is height-adjustable within the insert sleeve 2.

In Fig. 3a the secured state of the system 10 is shown. The detonator 1 is located outside the insert sleeve 2 and is therefore not in contact with the explosive 3. An initiation of the detonator 1 by the delay charge does not lead to an initiation of the explosive 3. A deflagration wave that is forming cannot reach the explosive 3. This variant has the advantage that unwanted initiation of the explosive 3 can definitely be ruled out.

Figure 3b shows a first sharpened or an armed state of the system 10. The detonator 1 is at least partially located in the insert sleeve 2. The detonator 1 interacts functionally with the explosive 3 in the system 10 in a known manner. An ignition of the detonator 1 by the delay charge causes the explosive 3 to be initiated when the ignition chain is closed.

The initiation performance is optimized when the detonator 1 has been completely moved into the insert sleeve 2 ( Figure 3c ).

The Figures 4a-4c show another embodiment. A lower end region of the insert sleeve 2 'has a shoulder 7 in the form of a constriction. A base 6 'of the insert sleeve 2' has a smaller diameter than the insert sleeve 2 'itself. This tapering or constriction can be used to center the detonator 1 in the insert sleeve 2', at least assisting the alignment within the insert sleeve 2 '. The constriction 7 can have the same geometric shape as the insert sleeve 2 ', but can also differ from it. The detonator 1 and at least the end area, ie the constriction 7 of the insert sleeve 2 ', should, however, be matched to one another in terms of shape.

If use is no longer intended, the system 10 can be brought back from the armed, unsecured state into a secured, disarmed state. For this purpose, the detonator capsule 1 is moved out of the active area of the explosive 3 and is guided out of the insert sleeve 2, 2 '.

The detonator 1 can be adjusted by moving the detonator head 11. This can be achieved, for example, by turning the igniter head 11. If the detonator head 11 is rotated to the right, for example, the detonator 1 moves in the direction of the insert sleeve 2, 2 '. Turning to the left brings the detonator 1 out of the insert 2, 2 'out again. The connection between the igniter head 11 and the housing 13 is preferably implemented via a plastic-based thread on the igniter head 11 and the housing 13.

The additionally built-in pressure element 15 now serves to ensure the separation of the detonator 1 and possibly the delay element (14) from the explosive 3, especially when exposed to heat from fire, etc. The functionality and strength of plastics cannot be guaranteed when exposed to extreme heat. If the plastic and thus the connection between the housing 13 and the detonator head 11 is softened by the action of heat, the pressure element 15 pushes the detonator head 11 out of the housing 13 if the detonator 1 is in the armed position or in the armed state.

In a preferred embodiment, the housing 13, the explosive 3 and the insert sleeve 2, 2 'form a modular, self-contained unit 20 or 20', in which the detonator head 11 can be received. The detonator head 11 can also form a modular unit 21 with the percussion cap, the detonator 1 and, if necessary, the delay section 14.

Claims (13)

System (10), at least with a housing (13) and an explosive (3) accommodated therein, as well as with a detonator (1), characterized by an insert sleeve (2, 2 ') in the housing (13), the detonator (1) is adjustable in height in the insert sleeve (2, 2 '). System (10 according to Claim 1), characterized by a detonator head (11) comprising at least one percussion cap and, if necessary, a delay section (14). System (10) according to Claim 2, characterized in that the housing (13) has a receptacle (13.1) for the detonator head (11 '). System (10) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the detonator (1) at the bottom of the detonator head (11), possibly at the bottom of the delay section (14), is dammed with the latter. System (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the insert sleeve (2, 2 ') delimits the explosive (3). System (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the insert sleeve (2, 2 ') has a cavity or empty space (5) in which a separating medium or separating agent (4), for example air, is introduced is. System (10) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the insert sleeve (2, 2 ') has a, preferably cylindrical, body with a base (6, 6') and one opposite this base (6, 6 ') Has opening (8). System (10) according to Claim 7, characterized in that the insert sleeve (2 ') has a shoulder (7) in the form of a constriction, which is preferably introduced in the lower end region of the insert sleeve (2'). System (10) according to Claim 8, characterized in that the shoulder (7) is conical, frustoconical, pyramidal or cylindrical. System (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the housing (13), the insert sleeve (2) and the explosive (3) form a modular assembly (20 '). System (10) according to one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that the detonator head (11), the percussion cap, possibly the delay section (14) and the detonator (1) form a modular assembly (21). System (10) according to one of Claims 2 to 11, characterized in that a pressure element (15) is attached between the detonator head (11) and the housing (13). System (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the system (10) is a hand grenade.

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