EP3765792B1 - Solid fuel heater with three-zone combustion air supply - Google Patents

Solid fuel heater with three-zone combustion air supply Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3765792B1
EP3765792B1 EP19766636.5A EP19766636A EP3765792B1 EP 3765792 B1 EP3765792 B1 EP 3765792B1 EP 19766636 A EP19766636 A EP 19766636A EP 3765792 B1 EP3765792 B1 EP 3765792B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
orifice
air
primary air
inlet
orifices
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19766636.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3765792C0 (en
EP3765792A4 (en
EP3765792A1 (en
Inventor
Michal HALADA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bh Property SRO
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Bh Property SRO
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Publication of EP3765792C0 publication Critical patent/EP3765792C0/en
Publication of EP3765792B1 publication Critical patent/EP3765792B1/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F23B10/02Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/02Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
    • F23B50/06Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom the flue gases being removed downwards through one or more openings in the fuel-supporting surface
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L13/00Construction of valves or dampers for controlling air supply or draught
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L3/00Arrangements of valves or dampers before the fire
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/06Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air into the fire bed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/002Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/007Regulating air supply or draught using mechanical means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F23N5/006Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/021Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
    • F24B5/026Supply of primary and secondary air for combustion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using solid fuels; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23B2900/00001Combustion chambers with integrated fuel hopper
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/06Air or combustion gas valves or dampers at the air intake

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solid fuel heater with three-zone combustion air supply, in particular firewood gasification boilers.
  • the most advanced solid fuel heaters are equipped with a three-zone (or three-stage) combustion air supply - i.e., secondary air, lower primary air, and upper primary air.
  • Secondary air is admitted to the flame in the nozzle (an orifice, connecting upper fuel area, and bottom overfire area). Secondary air accomplishes combustion of inflammable gaseous elements of the flame - i.e., secondary combustion.
  • Lower primary air is supplied to the glowing fuel layer situated at the lower part of the fuel area.
  • Lower primary air accomplishes transformation of solid fuel into gaseous elements - i.e., primary combustion (or gasification) in the lower fuel layer.
  • Lower primary air defines output of the heater.
  • Upper primary air is supplied above the fuel layer in the upper part of the fuel area. Upper primary air increases intensity of primary combustion - by growth of the glowing layer. Upper primary air facilitates combustion of fuels with low mass burning rate (large pieces, soft or wet wood). Accelerates heating-up. Sometimes is also referred to as the pre-drying air.
  • Upper primary air and lower primary air are usually introduced through one common vent (of the primary air), at the inlet of which is also mounted the controlling element (damper), controlled either manually or by the electrically-driven boiler regulator depending on the output requirements (a signal emitted by flue gas sensors and water temperature sensors).
  • said common vent is divided into upper primary air vent and lower primary air vent.
  • said common vent (of the primary air) ends behind refractory metal sheet lining, installed on the side walls of the fuel area. Subsequently, a part of the primary air behind the lining flows upwards as the upper primary air, another part of the primary air behind the lining flows downwards as the lower primary air.
  • Orifices are made in the lower part of the mentioned refractory lining, through which the lower primary air is delivered into the fuel area, and orifices in the upper part, through which the upper primary air is delivered into the fuel area.
  • Surface ratio between upper and lower orifices defines relative proportions of upper and lower primary air supplies. Said ratio is chosen to satisfy the most commonly used fuels. As the standard, the value is approximately 2:1 in favor of the lower primary air. Constant value of this ratio is disadvantageous for burning of fuels with different parameters. For instance, standard quantity of the upper primary air results in an undesirable mass burning rate in the overall fuel area volume in case of fuels characterized by high mass burning rate (dry and small pieces such as wooden chips, branches, and cuttings). Thus, quality of combustion, controllability and efficiency are reduced. The opposite situation is faced as to the fuel with low mass burning rate (moistened wood or large pieces). In such a case, there is a lack of upper primary air, combustion takes place with a lot of excess air, lower output, lower efficiency, and combustion quality
  • the equipment burning pellets is known from the Chinese document CN 204005952 U , containing combustion air supply, inlet and outlet orifices of primary, secondary and tertiary air, whereas said primary air, as well as secondary and tertiary air supplies, run in the separate piping lines i.e., vents.
  • a method approximately according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from EP 2 085 694 A2 disclosing a method for controlling a woodburning stove and an electronic control (38) for a woodburning stove (2) of the type including a combustion chamber (6) which is downwards separated from an ash chamber (18) by means of a grate bottom (12) and having a walling (8) at the rear and at both sides, which upwards has an inclining forwards/upwards extending wall part (22), the combustion chamber (6) upwards, preferably via a reversing plate (24), being connected with a chimney (28) via a flue gas exhaust (28), the control including a thermal sensor (46) and a A-probe (48) provided in the flue gas exhaust (26), wherein the control (38) is incorporated in a cabinet (36) which is adapted to be disposed below the ash chamber (18) and which includes a common air intake (48) and one or more regulating valves (34, 40, 42) with a damper plate, each driving
  • the solid fuel heater with three-stage combustion air supply eliminates deficiencies in known equipment, containing a lower outlet orifice of the lower primary air, upper outlet orifice of the upper primary air, secondary outlet orifice and secondary inlet orifice of the secondary air, whereas said secondary air between the secondary inlet orifice and secondary outlet orifice runs in the independent vent (line).
  • the heater comprises two independent vents (lines) from the inlet to the outlet of the lower and upper primary air, entering the combustion area.
  • Mentioned independent vents are designed to contain the first inlet orifice of the lower primary air and second inlet orifice of the upper primary air, whereas the lower primary air between the first inlet orifice and lower outlet orifice runs in the independent vent of the lower primary air and upper primary air between the second inlet orifice and upper outlet orifice runs in the independent vent of the upper primary air.
  • the summary of the technical design is that the damper, mounted on the arm, is assigned to each inlet orifice of supplies of primary air and secondary air, whereas the arm is attached to the shaft, whereas inlet orifices are equipped with their common moving orifice.
  • inlet orifices for supplies of primary air and secondary air are located on the distributor, fixed to the external side of the heater, whereas the shaft, to which the arms are attached, is located outside said distributor.
  • Inner faces of inlet orifices 14.1 , 14.2 and 14.3 are equipped with round dampers 13 , each of them is attached to the curved arm 7 ; all three arms 7 are tightly connected to the shaft 8, located outside of the distributor 4 . Both ends of the shaft 8 are positioned in the couple of revolving fitments 6 .
  • Arm geometry 7 is designed in a manner that common center of gravity of arms 7 and dampers 13 in all operating positions, i.e., from closed to fully opened, is located on the right side from the axis of rotation of the shaft 8 , so as the dampers 13 , when closed, are in their rest position by effects of gravity.
  • Rectangular, in horizontal direction moving, orifice 5 with the couple of rectangular controlling orifices 15 is located on the front surface of the distributor 4 (moving orifice 5 highlighted as a shaded surface).
  • the orifice 5 contains an elongated central slot 18 , located horizontally in the middle of the orifice 5 , facilitating entry of arms 7 and defining the minimum size of restriction of surface of the inlet orifices 14.1, 14.2 , 14.3 .
  • the orifice 5 provides achievement of the requested ratio of individual types of the air for all existing operating conditions (heating-up, combustion, burning-out) and all possible fuels (high mass burning rate, standard, low mass burning rate).
  • the distributor 4 need not to be an independent body, may be integrated into the boiler body, for example the boiler body will form a rear wall of the distributor 4 etc.
  • Individual chambers of the distributor 4 may be sequenced differently compared to the example of embodiment.
  • the orifice 5 need not to be sliding but, for instance, revolving. Shape and quantity of controlling orifices 15 of the orifice 5 may be different etc.
  • the function of the heater 100 is as follows: combustion air flows into the inlet orifices 14.1, 14.2 and 14.3 of the distributor 4 , using for example an FD fan. A blow of air swings out the dampers 13 with the arms 7 inside the distributor 4 .
  • the relative proportion of quantity of the air flowing through the individual inlet orifices 14.1 , 14.2 and 14.3 is defined by position of the orifice 5 through its controlling orifices 15 .
  • the shaft 8 connecting the arms 7 , identically slightly turns said arms 7 and all three dampers 13 are opened identically. Position of the orifice 5 , shown in Fig.
  • Another alternative position of the orifice 5 defines flows of individual types of air as follows: secondary air reaches the maximum flow of ca. 85% at the inlet orifice 14.3 , whereas flows of lower and upper primary types of air at the inlet orifices 14.1 and 14.2 are only minimal, defined by the surface of the central slot 18 of the orifice 5 , i.e., ca. from 5 to 10%.
  • the orifice 5 is in such a position in case of already flaming up boiler, burning fuel with high mass burning rate (such as dry wooden chips).
  • FIG. 6 Another alternative position of the orifice 5 , shown in Fig. 6 , defines flows of individual types of air in a way that the upper primary air reaches the maximum flow of ca. 60% at the second inlet orifice 14.2 .
  • Flow of the lower primary air at the first inlet orifice 14.1 is partly limited, reaching ca. 30%, and flow of the secondary air at the inlet orifice 14.3 is minimal as the flow is defined by the surface of the central slot 18 of the orifice 5, reaching ca. 10%.
  • the orifice 5 is in such a position in case of heated up or already flaming up boiler, burning fuel with low mass burning rate (such as wet or large logs).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP19766636.5A 2018-03-12 2019-03-11 Solid fuel heater with three-zone combustion air supply Active EP3765792B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ2018-122A CZ2018122A3 (cs) 2018-03-12 2018-03-12 Topidlo na pevná paliva s třípásmovým přívodem spalovacího vzduchu
PCT/CZ2019/000013 WO2019174655A1 (en) 2018-03-12 2019-03-11 Solid fuel heater with three-zone combustion air supply

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3765792A1 EP3765792A1 (en) 2021-01-20
EP3765792A4 EP3765792A4 (en) 2021-12-22
EP3765792C0 EP3765792C0 (en) 2024-06-12
EP3765792B1 true EP3765792B1 (en) 2024-06-12

Family

ID=67060191

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19766636.5A Active EP3765792B1 (en) 2018-03-12 2019-03-11 Solid fuel heater with three-zone combustion air supply

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3765792B1 (uk)
CZ (1) CZ2018122A3 (uk)
PL (1) PL3765792T3 (uk)
RU (1) RU2754480C1 (uk)
UA (1) UA124798C2 (uk)
WO (1) WO2019174655A1 (uk)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CZ20221A3 (cs) * 2022-01-03 2023-03-15 Blaze Harmony S.R.O. Zplyňovací topidlo na pevná paliva s paprskovitou tryskou
DE102022102197A1 (de) * 2022-01-31 2023-08-03 Kutzner + Weber Gmbh Verteilersystem zum Steuern der Zufuhr von Luft an einen Ofen
BE1030034B9 (fr) * 2022-05-19 2023-07-26 Jide Mécanisme manuel d'admission d'air dans la chambre de combustion d'un brûleur pour combustible solide

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1092897A (en) * 1977-09-16 1981-01-06 Arun K. Mehta Fuel firing method
NL8301598A (nl) * 1983-05-06 1984-12-03 Eduard Thomas Jacobus Van Der Warmtegenerator.
EP2085694B1 (en) * 2008-01-30 2018-05-30 IHS Innovation APS Electronically controlled woodburning stove and control method therefore
DE102009012905B3 (de) * 2009-03-12 2010-01-21 Global Mind Network Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung der Leistung eines Festbrennstoffofens und Ofen mit einer entsprechenden Leistungsregelung
FR2945105B1 (fr) * 2009-04-30 2011-07-29 Brisach Dispositif de commande de l'alimentation en air d'un poele
LV14670B (lv) * 2013-01-30 2013-06-20 Ludzas Bio-Enerä¢Ija, Sia Granulu sadedzināšanas iekārta
CN204005952U (zh) * 2014-07-17 2014-12-10 山东驰域环保科技有限公司 生物质颗粒燃料燃烧器
GB201509093D0 (en) * 2015-05-27 2015-07-08 Furbank Julian A regulator for a heater
RU2661516C2 (ru) * 2016-09-06 2018-07-17 Евгений Николаевич Абакумов Твердотопливный газогенераторный котёл

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3765792C0 (en) 2024-06-12
EP3765792A4 (en) 2021-12-22
CZ307859B6 (cs) 2019-07-03
WO2019174655A1 (en) 2019-09-19
EP3765792A1 (en) 2021-01-20
PL3765792T3 (pl) 2024-09-16
RU2754480C1 (ru) 2021-09-02
CZ2018122A3 (cs) 2019-07-03
UA124798C2 (uk) 2021-11-17

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