Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
  • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
  • A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
  • A01H1/027—Apparatus for pollination
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
  • A01B59/00—Devices specially adapted for connection between animals or tractors and agricultural machines or implements
  • A01B59/06—Devices specially adapted for connection between animals or tractors and agricultural machines or implements for machines mounted on tractors
  • A01B59/064—Devices specially adapted for connection between animals or tractors and agricultural machines or implements for machines mounted on tractors for connection to the front of the tractor

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a ventilation device for pollinating a recipient plant from pollen collected on a donor plant.
• the invention relates to a device comprising a Coanda effect air flow amplifier, also named in the English-speaking countries "Air Amplifier” or “Air Mover”.
• the invention also relates to a pneumatic deflector of the Coanda effect pollen flow disposed at the level of the pollen diffusion member.
• the invention also relates to an apparatus and a vehicle comprising such a ventilation device.
• the pollination of a plant is done by transporting a male gamete (pollen) to the female receptor organ (stigma) of a plant. This transport can be carried out by the wind, in this case, we speak of plants with anemophilic pollination.
• - exclusive artificial pollination a process in which the only source of pollen is exogenous and provided by artificial means on a plant devoid of any natural source of pollen. For example, this is the case of dioecious species whose subjects are only one sex and must therefore receive exogenous pollen.
• pollen supplementation a process in which natural pollination is enhanced by pollen inputs that may come from an exogenous source or from the pollinated plant itself.
• Anemophilous pollinated plants belong to two very distinct groups: plants with "Orthodox” pollens and plants with “recalcitrant” pollens.
• the terms “Orthodox” and “Recalcitrant” are derived from the nomenclature of seeds classified according to their tolerance to drying and aptitude for conservation. These seeds are called “Orthodox” when they have a good tolerance to drying and they have a good aptitude for conservation. On the other hand, the seeds for which the drying is lethal are called “recalcitrant”.
• the so-called "Orthodox" pollens have the ability to dehydrate before being released by the male organs (anthers) and carried away by the wind. These pollens have the capacity to put themselves in slowed down life and have reserves. They thus have a prolonged viability allowing them to fly far from the pollinating plant while preserving their reproductive potential.
• the pollen is rehydrated and put in reproductive capacity when it arrives on the collecting apparatus of the female flower. This type of pollen supports being dehydrated, so its mass is low and predisposes it to be easily transported by the wind.
• This apparatus comprises a venturi air flow generation system that performs both the aspiration of the pollen and its transport to the application points.
• This venturi effect air flow generation system comprises a pressurized engine air injection nozzle inside the transport duct to generate an air flow in this duct by effect venturi.
• This injection nozzle partially obstructs the pollen suction duct and is an important source of friction and shock detrimental to fragile pollens such as cereals.
• this primary air is introduced into the suction duct under a turbulent regime which is detrimental to the viability of the pollen.
• the injection of engine air by the nozzle generates a central zone of strong turbulence, centrifugal expansion of the engine air under pressure and overspeed also detrimental to fragile pollens, ie of the "recalcitrant" type.
• the presence of bifurcations and change of direction, or turn, during the transport of pollen promotes agglomeration and sedimentation of pollen grains which is also detrimental to their viability.
• the system for generating venturi air flow can also comprise a turbine, which implies the presence of a mechanical fan in the pipe and, as a result, shocks as well. as strong accelerations for the pollen passing through it.
• mechanical fans very often generate centrifugal forces which also contribute to project the particles sucked on the walls.
• suction pipe of this sampling device is divided into a plurality of pipes for the diffusion of pollen.
• These bifurcations also constitute a multitude of obstacles that are detrimental to the viability of "recalcitrant" type pollens.
• the document KR 10-1390504 also describes an apparatus for collecting and distributing pollen.
• This apparatus also includes a venturi air flow generation system for creating a suction and blast air flow.
• This pollen transport air flow generation system comprises an annular motor air injection duct formed by two concentric duct portions inside the suction and pollen transport duct. The pipe portion having the smaller diameter is formed by the suction pipe itself, thus inducing a large and sudden section reduction. This configuration is very unfavorable for viability pollen when it is of the "recalcitrant" type.
• the passage section formed by the annular engine air injection duct is much greater than that of the suction duct at the venturi system and therefore can not provide an amplification function of the air to air ratio. induced air flow.
• This passage section ratio induces that the injected engine air forms a very large part of the air flow generated inside the suction duct relative to the air induced by the injection of the engine air. It can be estimated from the ratio of the sections of tubings shown and the expansion of the engine air that the total blowing air flow consists of only 10% of the air flow generated in the suction duct. , against 90% of engine air. Consequently, in this system, the suction flow remains at a low flow rate whereas the total flow of blowing is on the contrary tenfold.
• portable devices with an amplification of air flow to suck pollen (or other particles) and store it after separation of the suction air flow and the blowing air flow.
• portable devices may include a gravity separation cyclone. It has been shown that the passage of fragile or recalcitrant pollens in such a gravimetric separation cyclone is lethal for these pollens even though the gravimetric separation has been reduced by frictional forces and other mechanical impacts on pollen ( see publication Irstea / Cemagref, 2008 "Sexual reproduction of conifers and seed production in seed orchards, part of Pollen Technology, pp. 279-285, authors Gwena ⁇ l Philippe, Patrick Baldet, Bernard Hois & Christian Ginisty”.
• the invention relates to a ventilation device for pollinating at least one recipient plant from pollen collected on at least one donor plant, comprising:
• a Coanda effect air flow amplifier for inducing a flow of air inside the conveying channel from the pollen collecting member to the diffusion member of said pollen.
• the air flow amplifier makes it possible to induce at its upstream part a stream of suction air and downstream a blowing stream associating a primary engine air injected under pressure into the conveying channel and the air flow. induced secondary.
• the Coanda effect allows, thanks to a high velocity laminar motor air flow, to maximize the generation of a vacuum zone and thus to induce an amplification of the induced flow of suction and blowing.
• This technical solution also has a minimum of obstacles at the passage section where the air flow amplifier is located, particularly in comparison with a Venturi air flow generator.
• the induction of the suction and blowing flow can thus be done without any significant reduction in the diameter of the conveying channel, such as in the document KR 10-1390504, and without the presence of a temporary obstacle to the the inside of this passage section, such as the air injection nozzle in the document FR 2 866 784 A1.
• the use of engine air injection nozzles does not make it possible to obtain an air flow. laminar or mainly laminar which limits the impact and therefore maintain the viability of pollen, especially in the case of recalcitrant pollen.
• the air flow generated by the injection nozzles is injected in a partially turbulent centrifugal expansion form, which induces risks of spraying pollen on the walls of the conveying system and is therefore lethal to the recalcitrant pollens.
• the use of injection nozzles to generate the conveying air flow is therefore a solution that is not very suitable for transporting this type of highly fragile pollen.
• the use of a Coanda effect air-flow amplifier makes it possible to obtain a ratio between the secondary air flow in the conveying channel and the inducing compressed gas flow, which is very important, especially in comparison with an air flow generator with Venturi effect.
• the use of the Coanda effect allows a very large amplification of the air flow inside the conveying channel for a low intake of primary engine air and consequently a small increase in the speed of the air flow. blowing relative to the suction air flow.
• the Coanda effect air flow amplifier allows a large amplification of the air flow inside the conveying channel while limiting the elements that can form an obstacle for the pollen inside this channel. conveying.
• the reduction of these obstacles makes it possible to fully respect the viability of the pollen transported when it is of the "recalcitrant" type.
• the conveying channel is formed by a plurality of pipe elements, the air flow amplifier comprising:
• a source of compressed gas in fluid communication with the orifice for supplying the compressed gas conveying channel
• an inner edge at least partially delimiting the orifice and forming a convex surface configured to generate a Coanda effect on a primary gas flow generated by the compressed gas source through the orifice.
• the conveying channel extends around a conveying axis, the orifice extending along an angular sector around the conveying axis.
• the air flow amplifier is configured to induce from the supply of compressed gas of the conveying channel a secondary air flow of a predetermined speed whose ratio between said secondary air flow in the conveying channel and the primary motor gas flow is greater than or equal to 10, preferably greater than or equal to 15, more preferably greater than or equal to 17.
• the air-flow amplifier is disposed at the level of the capture member.
• the air flow device comprises a plurality of Coanda effect air flow amplifiers arranged in series along the conveying channel to participate at least partially in the induction of the secondary air flow. inside the conveyor channel.
• the conveying channel has a pollen passage section whose section variation between the capture member and the diffusion member is equal to or less than 30%, preferably equal to or less than at 20%, more preferably at least 10%.
• the conveying channel extends rectilinearly over at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90% of its total length.
• the conveying channel is formed by a pipe comprising at most three bent portions between the capturing and diffusion members.
• each of the capture and diffusion members is formed by a box comprising:
• a front opening allowing the donor plant or the recipient plant to enter the box.
• the capture member further comprises at least one of:
• a movable bottom wall disposed opposite the front opening relative to the upper wall
• the shaking member comprises at least two rods extending between the two side walls, said at least two rods being spaced apart from one another along a direction s' extending between the front opening and the bottom wall.
• the air flow device further comprises one or a plurality of pneumatic deflector pollen Coanda effect disposed at the diffusion member.
• the invention also relates to a ventilation apparatus for the pollination of at least one recipient plant from the pollen collected on at least one donor plant, comprising at least two aeraulic devices as described above arranged side by side so that the The conveying channels of each of the air-flow devices extend along the same direction, one of the air-flow devices being offset relative to the other air-flow device along the said direction.
• the invention furthermore relates to a vehicle comprising a hitching structure and at least one aerodynamic device as described above or at least one aerodynamic apparatus as described above fixed to the hitching structure so that each of the frontal openings of the capturing and diffusion devices of the air-flow devices are oriented towards the same direction of advance to receive donor or recipient plants during a movement of the vehicle along this direction of advance.
• the invention furthermore relates to the use of a ventilation device as described above for a type of pollen having a predetermined sedimentation rate, in which the Coanda effect air flow amplifier induces a flow of air inside the conveying channel whose speed is greater than the predetermined sedimentation rate of the type of pollen chosen.
• the speed of the air flow induced inside the conveying channel is equal to or less than 10 m. s-1, preferably equal to or less than 5m.s-1.
• Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a ventilation device.
• Figure 2 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of a ventilation device.
• Figure 3 shows a sectional view of a Coanda effect air flow amplifier.
• FIGS. 4 and 5 show respectively a perspective view of a capture member and a diffusion member of the ventilation devices represented in FIGS. 1 and 2.
• FIG. 6 represents a perspective view of an embodiment of a vehicle comprising a hitching structure and a plurality of aeraulic devices as represented in FIG. 2.
• Fig. 7 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a vehicle having a configuration adapted to tall plants.
• FIG. 8 represents a detailed perspective view of a pneumatic baffle of a ventilation device as represented in FIG. 7.
• Figures 9 and 10 show a perspective view and a sectional view of an embodiment of the pneumatic baffle.
• Figures 11 to 13 shows sectional views of an embodiment of the pneumatic baffle comprising a movable flap.
• a ventilation device 10 is configured for the pollination of at least one recipient plant from the pollen collected on at least one donor plant.
• the pollen collected is a "recalcitrant" type of pollen such as pollen from wheat (triticum sp.), Barley (hordeum sp.), Rice (oryza sp.) Or corn (zea mays sp.).
• the aunterlic device 10 comprises a pollen collecting member 12 from said at least one donor plant.
• the pollen here denotes indifferently a pollen grain or a plurality of pollen grains.
• This capture member 12 is configured to allow the reception of a donor plant within it during the use of the aunterlic device 10.
• This aunterlic device 10 also comprises a pollen diffusion member 14 picked up on the donor plant on at least a recipient plant. In a manner similar to the capture member 12, the diffusion member 14 is configured to enable the reception of said at least one recipient plant within it during the use of the a Vogellic device 10.
• the aunterlic device 10 further comprises a conveyor channel 16 of pollen collected from the capture member 12 to the diffusion member 14.
• This conveying channel 16 forms a pipe extending from the capture member 12 towards the diffusion member 14.
• the conveying channel 16 is preferably formed by a pipe arched or elbow-shaped.
• the conveying channel 16 preferably comprises a single bend.
• the conveying channel 16 has only one continuous change of direction from an ascending vertical to a descending vertical.
• the conveying channel 16 is preferably formed by a pipe comprising at most three bent portions, preferably at most two bent portions, between the captation and scattering members 14.
• the conveying channel 16 may have two elbows and a rectilinear portion between these two elbows.
• the conveying channel 16 extends in a straight line over at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90% of its total length.
• rectilinear extension is meant the fact that one or more portions of the conveying channel 16 extend along one or more rectilinear axes.
• the conveying channel 16 may comprise a first portion 50 extending along a first portion of the conveying axis A and a second portion 52 extending along a second portion of the conveying axis A transverse to the first portion. This bidirectional extension of the conveyor channel 16 thus makes it possible to dispose the capture 12 and diffusion 14 members at different heights relative to the ground.
• the conveying channel 16 can be adjustable along the conveying axis A to vary the distance between the capture member 12 and the diffusion member 14.
• the conveying channel 16 can be formed by conduits telescopic ones mounted inside each other.
• the aeraulic device 10 can adapt to different plant installation configurations. Indeed, the donor plants can be separated from the recipient plants by varying distances depending on the plantations.
• different offsets between the carrier vehicle passage and the areas to be treated may exist.
• the conveying channel 16 is formed by at least one fixed pipe and optionally a mobile pipe in translation.
• the fixed pipe is preferably the pipe on which is mounted a Coanda effect air flow amplifier 18.
• the mobile pipe When the mobile pipe is disposed downstream of the fixed pipe with respect to the flow direction inside the conveying channel 16, the mobile pipe is preferably mounted outside the fixed pipe so as not to form an obstacle inside the conveying channel 16. Therefore, the mobile pipe has a section greater than the fixed pipe in this case of downstream arrangement. This makes it possible to limit the zones of attachment of the pollen and to promote an increase of section in the final part of the conveying channel 16. The increase of the final section of the conveying channel 16 contributes effectively to the reduction of pollen speed immediately before its arrival in the organ of diffusion and thus its deposit on the recipient plants.
• the mobile pipe when the mobile pipe is disposed upstream of the fixed pipe with respect to the flow direction inside the conveying channel 16, the mobile pipe is preferably mounted inside the fixed pipe so as to do not form an obstacle inside the conveying channel 16. Therefore, the movable pipe has a lower section to the fixed pipe in this case of upstream arrangement.
• the a Vogellic device 10 also comprises a Coanda 18 airflow amplifier for inducing an air flow. inside the conveyor channel 16 from the pollen collecting member 12 to the diffusion member 14 of said pollen.
• This airflow amplifier 18 is configured to generate a Coanda effect allowing the amplification of the air flow inside the conveying channel 16.
• the airflow amplifier 18 makes it possible to induce upstream of the air flow amplifier a suction air stream and downstream a blowing flow associating a primary engine air injected into the conveying channel 16 and the induced secondary air flow.
• the airflow amplifier 18 is disposed at the capturing member 12.
• the airflow amplifier 18 is placed closest to the point of aspiration of the pollen, ie of the capture member 12. In fact, it is a question of inducing a minimum of losses in the conveying channel 16 which is in depression upstream of the air flow amplifier 18 and whose flow rate is lower than the flow rate of the blowing flow downstream of the air flow amplifier 18.
• the majority of the pollen path in the conveying channel 16 is carried out under positive pressure between the air flow amplifier 18 and the point of application, ie the diffusion member 14. The pressure losses are then less harmful because they are applied to a flow of air under pressure of flow superior combining the primary engine air flow and the secondary air flow.
• the air-flow amplifier 18 is preferably arranged at the first half of the conveying channel 16 following the capturing member 12. More preferably, the air-flow amplifier 18 is disposed at the first third of the conveying channel 16 following the capturing member 12.
• the air flow amplifier 18, the engine air flow and the conveying channel 16 are configured so that the transport speed pollen inside the conveying channel 16 is less than 10 ms -1, preferably less than 5 ms -1, to limit the kinetic energy of the pollen which is a function of the square of the speed thereof and thus minimize shocks and abrasions that are detrimental to pollen viability.
• the pollen transport speed is, however, configured so as not to decrease to the point where pollen settles on the walls of the conveying channel 16. It has been observed that the speed pollen drop limit was about 0.10 to 0.20ms-1. Therefore, the airflow amplifier 18 and the conveying channel 16 are also configured so that the pollen transport speed is greater than a speed range of 0.10 to 0.20ms-1 to prevent sedimentation.
• the transport speed of the pollen is preferably between 0.10m.sl and 10m. s-1, more preferably between 0.10m.sl and 5m.sl. More generally, the conveying speed is adjustable and optimized according to the rate of clean sedimentation of the pollen transported to prevent the pollen settles on the walls of the conveying channel 16.
• the speed of transport of the pollen to the The interior of the conveying channel 16 is thus defined as a function of the inherent rate of sedimentation of each species of pollen transported. In particular, this pollen transport rate is defined as being greater than this self-sedimentation rate, or sedimentation rate.
• the optimal conveying speed is that which prevents the deposit of pollen in the ducts while respecting the viability of the latter, it is a search of minimum operational speed in order to secure the transport of the pollen.
• the conveying channel 16 may have a pollen passage section whose section variation between the capture member 12 and the diffusion member 14 is equal or less than 30%, preferably equal to or less than 20%, more preferably equal to or less than 10%.
• the conveying channel 16 may comprise an increase in the pollen passage section downstream of the air flow amplifier 18 and in the vicinity of the diffusion member 14 to allow the pollen to slow down before they arrive on the plants. recipients and thus promote their deposit. This increase in the passage section of the conveying channel 16 is advantageously less than 30%, preferably less than 20%, more preferably less than 10% between the smallest passage section and the largest section of the channel.
• the conveying channel 16 preferably comprises no bifurcation or division of the conveying channel 16 to more than one diffusion member 14.
• the conveying channel 16 forms a continuous and unobstructed channel from the body capture 12 to the diffusion member 14.
• the ventilation device 10 can comprise a plurality of Coanda effect airflow amplifiers 18 arranged in series along the conveying channel 16 to participate each in part in the induction of the flow of air. Secondary air within the conveying channel 16.
• the airflow amplifiers 18 are arranged along the conveying channel 16 to allow the amplification of the air flow all along the conveying channel 16. it is possible to keep the pollen suspended in order to prevent their sedimentation on the bottom of the conveying channel 16.
• Each apparatus created upstream of its position a depression and downstream a pressure to induce and move the air flow .
• the action of airflow amplifiers placed in series makes it possible to compensate, over a longer distance of conveying the pollen, the pressure losses inherent to the circulation of fluids in conduits.
• the multiplication of airflow amplification points also makes it possible to multiply and lengthen in total the zones benefiting from the laminar flow motor primary air flows resulting from the Coanda effect which prevent the particles from reaching the walls and to sediment.
• the number of series Coanda 18 airflow amplifiers placed in series is chosen according to the length of the conveying channel 16.
• the Coanda effect air-flow amplifier 18 preferably comprises a pipe 20 forming a pipe element of the conveying channel 16 and an orifice 22 formed in the pipe 20. preferably a circular inner section of the flow of air flow free of any obstacle likely to induce undesirable contacts with the pollen.
• the air flow amplifier 18 further comprises a source 24 of compressed gas in fluid communication with the orifice 22 for supplying the conveying channel 16 with compressed gas.
• the source 24 preferably feeds the conveying channel 16 with compressed air taken outside the conveying channel 16.
• the source 24 is configured to inject gas or compressed air at low pressure, preferably at a pressure of less than 0.1 MPa (1Bar).
• the pressure inside the conveying channel is preferably less than 0.04 MPa (0.4 bar).
• the source 24 is preferably configured to provide an air free of pollutants such as aerosols such as condensed water or lubricants.
• the source 24 can be configured to supply the gas or air at a temperature substantially equal to the ambient temperature so as not to induce any significant change in the pollen temperature or to intensify changes in the water condition. of said pollen.
• the source 24 is preferably configured to supply the gas or compressed air at a temperature between 15 and 25 ° C.
• the source 24 may be a non-lubricated low pressure compressor driven mechanically by the carrier vehicle, it may also be an air compressor turbine associated with a variable reluctance electric motor such as a compressor air compressor. supercharging of the engine.
• the source 24 may comprise a centrifugal compressor associated with a brushless motor (called "brushless").
• the source 24 also preferably comprises a cooler that can be an air / air exchanger to regulate the temperature of the injected gas or compressed air and reduce its temperature to that of the ambient temperature.
• the source 24 may include a device for draining any condensate installed downstream of the cooler.
• the orifice 22 preferably extends along an angular sector around a conveying axis A along which the conveying channel 16 extends. More preferably, the orifice 22 is circular and forms an annular orifice extending around the conveying axis A.
• the engine air is injected through the orifice 22 in the form of a blade annular air around the conveying axis A, at the periphery of the conveying channel 16.
• the section of the orifice 22 may be constant over its entire circumference to induce an identical air flow over the entire perimeter of the the air flow amplifier 18 and therefore in the portion of the conveying channel 16 downstream of the air flow amplifier 18. In other words, the section of the orifice 22 may be symmetrical around the conveying axis 16.
• the section of the orifice 22 may be variable around the conveying axis 16 to induce a secondary air flow having a speed varying around the conveying axis A.
• the section of the orifice 22 can be asymmetrical. This variation in the speed of the secondary air flow is particularly advantageous for to limit the natural propensity of pollen to sediment under the effect of the gravity and thus to improve the maintenance in suspension of the pollen.
• the section of the orifice 22 is preferably larger in its upper part than in its lower part.
• the orifice 22 has an upper portion having a section greater than the section of a lower portion disposed opposite the upper portion.
• This variable configuration of the section of the orifice 22 makes it possible to induce a more intense depression at the level of the upper portion.
• the aunterlic device 10 comprises a plurality of airflow amplifiers 18, they may have a constant or variable orifice section 22.
• the section of the orifice 22 is preferably less than 1 mm, more preferably less than 0.5 mm.
• the orifice 22 may have the form of a calibrated slot.
• the airflow amplifier 18 also includes an inner edge 26 at least partially defining the orifice 22 and forming a convex surface whose curvature is configured to generate a Coanda effect on a compressed gas flow generated by the source 24 of compressed gas through the orifice 22.
• the edge 26 thus comprises a profile for generating a Coanda effect.
• the profile of the edge 26 is configured to generate a Coanda effect whose amplification ratio between the secondary air flow generated by the injection of the primary engine air flow injected through the orifice 22 and the flow of air.
• primary air motor itself is at least 10 and preferably greater than 15 and more preferably greater than or equal to 17.
• the edge 26 is disposed downstream in contact with the orifice 22 relative to the direction of travel air flows in the conveying channel 16.
• the profile of the edge 26 can be obtained by a curved surface.
• the convex profile of the edge 26 can be obtained by a plurality of rectilinear segments to facilitate its manufacture.
• the profile of the edge 26, when viewed in cross-section, preferably corresponds to a portion of a "NACA" profile used in aircraft construction, in particular the upper half of the "NACA" profile.
• the profile of the edge 26 preferably comprises a leading edge disposed at the orifice 22, an extrados and a trailing edge downstream of the airflow amplifier 18.
• the edge profile 26 may correspond to a upper half of a "NACA0030" profile consisting of a 0 degree reference line (leading edge to trailing edge) camber, a 0% camber position and a 30% profile thickness of the rope , ie the distance between the leading edge and the trailing edge.
• the Coanda effect is the property of a flow of gas or liquid to follow an adjacent curved contour such as the edge 26 without detaching therefrom.
• the primary engine airflow adheres to the curved surface in the form of a thin film of high velocity air that is accompanied by a vacuum zone inducing the training of ambient air at a very high rate.
• the edge 26 is configured so as to make the Coanda effect last as long as possible in order to maximize the total surface area of the high velocity primary air flow with consequent secondary air entrainment at a very high rate. explaining the amplification character of such a device.
• FIG. 3 represents the blowing flux 32 induced by the air flow amplifier 18, associating the primary motor air flow 30 injected into the conveying channel 16 and the secondary air flow 28.
• the flow of air primary motor air 30 is annular and disposed at the periphery of the conveying channel 16 with respect to the conveying axis A, in contact with the walls of the duct 20.
• the secondary air flow 28 suction is central to the A conveying axis A and of lower velocity than the primary engine air flow 30. For example, a primary engine air flow 30 of a speed of 54 ms -1 at the orifice 22 generates a secondary air flow 28 with a speed of 4 ms-1.
• the engine air has at the orifice 22 a speed of 86 ms -1.
• These examples of primary and secondary air flow rates 28 are obtained for an annular orifice 22 having a diameter of 137 mm and a transverse dimension along the conveying axis A of about 0.3 mm in a flow rate amplifier.
• nominal diameter of the flow amplifier means the diameter of the lines to which the flow amplifier is adapted to connect.
• a nominal diameter of 200 mm corresponds to a flow amplifier configured to connect downstream and / or upstream of the flow amplifier to a pipe having a diameter of 200mm.
• the airflow amplifier 18 is configured to induce from the supply of compressed gas of the conveying channel 16 the secondary air flow 28 of a predetermined speed whose ratio between said secondary air flow 28 in the conveying channel 16 and the primary engine air flow 30 is greater than or equal to 10, preferably greater than or equal to 15, more preferably greater than or equal to 17.
• the amplifier of Coanda effect flow 16 makes it possible to generate a secondary air flow 28 from the primary engine air flow 30, the secondary air flow 28 having a speed at least 10 times less than the engine air flow rate. This amplification ratio is obtained in particular thanks to the profile of the edge 26.
• the Coanda effect amplification consumes little energy to obtain a blowing flux 32 of a predetermined speed, in particular in comparison with a suction by venturi effect which generally makes it possible to obtain only an amplification ratio
• the Coanda effect flow amplification is thus more efficient, it favors the generation of high flows at low pressure and is generally used in systems seeking thinner flow optimization levels than the systems. using a amplification with venturi effect which make it possible especially to obtain high suction and / or discharge pressures.
• the air flow amplifier 18 is preferably made of aluminum whose thermal conductivity makes it possible to avoid cold points generating condensation.
• the airflow amplifier 18 is made of a material having a thermal conductivity equal to or greater than 150 Wm-1K-1. This condensation could soil the interior of the pollen conveying channel 16 and cause pollen adhesions so that the reproductive potential of the pollen would be decreased.
• Cast aluminum is an example of a suitable material for the air-flow amplifier 18.
• the embodiment of the airflow amplifier 18 visible in FIG. 3 is for example provided below the normalized dimension of approximately 200 mm (8 inches). In this case, the nominal diameter of the conveying channel 16 is preferably 200 mm to respect the preferred transport speeds.
• the capture member 12 is formed by a box 33 in which one or more donor plants are intended to be received.
• This box 33 comprises an upper wall 34 having an opening in fluid communication with the conveying channel 16 and two side walls 36 extending from the upper wall 34.
• the side walls extend transversely to the wall 34 to form a receiving cavity 38.
• the box 33 also comprises a front opening 40 allowing a donor plant to enter the interior of the box 33, in particular in the receiving cavity 38.
• the capturing member 12 also comprises a movable bottom wall (not shown) disposed opposite the front opening 40 with respect to the upper wall 34.
• the movable bottom wall is configured to be rotated in rotation under the housing. action of a donor plant.
• the movable bottom wall is for example fixed to the upper wall 34 by a hinge or a flexible material allowing the return of the moving bottom wall in its closed position of the sensor member 12 by gravity or by a restoring force. .
• the movable bottom wall may also be made entirely of a flexible material, such as polyvinyl chloride. This movable bottom wall makes it possible to orient the suction flow on the front of the capturing member 12.
• the lateral walls 36 are preferably shaped so that the distance separating each of the lateral walls 32 at the level of the front opening 40 is greater than the distance separating each of the side walls 36 at the movable bottom wall.
• the side walls 36 form a truncated V or, in other words, a trapezoidal section.
• the side walls 36 converge towards the movable bottom wall. This conformation allows concentrating the donor plants at the opening in fluid communication with the conveying channel 16 so as to optimize the volume of air sucked and consequently the pollen transport speed.
• the distance separating the lateral walls 36 is 50 cm at the level of the front opening 40 and 30 cm at the opening in fluid communication with the conveying channel 16. This distance reduction makes it possible to to reduce by 40% the volume of air necessary for the efficient transport of pollen.
• the height of the side walls 36 and the movable bottom wall are chosen according to the height of the donor plants to be treated.
• the capture member 12 may also comprise deflector walls arranged around the front opening 40 to promote the entry of the donor plants into the capture member 12.
• the capture member 12 may comprise a shaking member 42 for shaking a donor plant disposed inside the box 33.
• the shaking member 42 comprises at least two rods 44 extending between the two side walls. 36. Said at least two rods 44 are preferably spaced apart from one another along a first direction extending between the front opening 40 and the movable bottom wall. Thus, the rods 44 may be spaced from each other 200mm along the first direction. In addition, the rods 44 may be spaced from each other along a second direction transverse to the first direction. Thus, the rods 44 may be spaced from each other by 50mm along the second direction. In other words, the rods 44 are spaced apart from each other in a first substantially horizontal direction and / or in a substantially vertical direction.
• the distance between the rods 44 following the first and / or second direction may be adjustable to suit the type of donor plant or the terrain configuration.
• the rods 44 are mounted in free rotation on themselves to limit friction and injury to the donor plants that are likely to be harvested several times in the same season.
• the rods 44 may be coated with an adherent material to promote the rotation thereof during passage of the donor plants.
• the first rod 44 disposed foremost strikes and layers the inflorescence of the donor plant forwardly and carries out a first shaking whose speed is induced by the displacement of the a Vogellic device 10. When the inflorescence is released this first rod 44, it then strikes the second rod 44.
• the shaking energy on the second rod 44 then accumulates the energy provided by the speed of movement of the air flow device 10 with the exhaust energy acquired during of the restraint under the first rod 44.
• the difference in height between the two rods 44 makes it possible to apply the second shaking substantially to the median level of the inflorescence in order to induce several beats from before and behind the inflorescence to extract the pollen contained in its anthers.
• the receiving cavity 38 advantageously has a width of 300 mm and a depth of 300 mm so that the average suction air speed is about 1.4 ms-1 at the opening in fluid communication with the conveying channel 16.
• This suction air speed makes it possible to counter the natural fall of the pollen inside the capture member 12 and to induce its elevation in the conveying channel 16.
• an ear of the donor plant remains on average 0.25s under the opening in communication with fluid with the conveying channel 16.
• the average suction air flow rises by approximately 0.35m, which makes it possible to engage the pollen in the ascending major suction flow.
• a spike remains operationally longer under the suction flow that begins at the mouth of the capture member 12 and extends behind the conveyor channel 16 over a total length of 700 mm or a potential duration of about 0.7s. This duration of presence under suction increases the overall efficiency of the pollen collecting member 12 and contributes to the optimization of the suction air volume 28.
• the diffusion member 14 is also formed by a box 33 in which one or more receiving plants are intended to be hosted.
• the diffusion member 14 is similar to the organ of capture 12 except that the box 33 comprises no bottom wall so as not to hinder the dissemination of pollen on the recipient plant (s) and induce an undesirable final shaking.
• the diffusion member 14 adopts the same general trapezoidal box shape as the sensing element 12 in order to concentrate the recipient plants under the pollen-laden flow stream coming from the conveying channel 16.
• the grouping of the recipient plants under the flow pollination allows, in the embodiment for straw cereals, to increase by 66% the surface rate of targets to pollinate and thus limit pollen losses.
• the casing 33 of the diffusion member 14 does not comprise a shaking member 42.
• the casing 33 of the diffusion member 14 comprises two lateral walls 36 and an upper wall 34 in which an opening fluid communication with the conveying channel 16 is formed.
• the height of the lateral walls are chosen according to the height of the inflorescences of the recipient plants to be treated.
• adjustment elements of the height of the capturing members 12 and diffusion 14 may be added to adapt them to the pollen donor and recipient varieties of said pollen which are generally of different heights. These height adjustment elements may take the form of added pipe portions between the end of the conveying channel 16 and the capturing member 12 or, where appropriate, between the end of the conveying channel 16 and the broadcasting body 14.
• the diffusion member 14 may also be preceded by a conveying channel section 16 made of a triboelectric charge generating material 46 disposed in the passage of the transported pollen.
• This section of the conveying channel 16 is preferably arranged close to the diffusion member 14.
• the natural pollination of the anemogamous plants pollinated by the action of the wind such as poaceae (wheat, barley, rice, corn, etc. ) is partly achieved by the action of electrostatic charges acquired by the pollen grains which optimize the collection of pollen by the female organs.
• the triboelectric charge generator 46 may be a pipe portion comprising a triboelectric charge generation material induced by friction of the pollen transport air on the walls.
• the driving portion is preferably disposed at the end of the conveying channel 16 to transmit these triboelectric charges just before pollen diffusion on the recipient plants.
• the diffusion member 14 may be devoid of box 33.
• the diffusion member 14 may be an end of the conveying channel 16 oriented towards a recipient plant.
• the lateral walls of the casing 33 of the diffusion member 14 may be replaced by convergent guides for grouping the recipient plants under the pollination flow. These convergent guides form a preferably trapezoidal reinforcement for converging the recipient plants under the pollination flow.
• the use of convergent guides makes it possible to reduce the mass of the diffusion member 14 while achieving the convergence of the recipient plants. This is particularly advantageous when it is desired to increase the dimensions of the diffusion member 14 to converge under the pollination flow a larger number of recipient plants so as to optimize the density of potential targets.
• the aeraulic device 10 may also be associated with one or more other aeraulic devices 10 to form a ventilation apparatus for the pollination of at least one recipient plant from the pollen collected on at least one donor plant.
• each aunterlic device 10 forms an independent pollination module.
• This modular design of the airflow device 10 allows to associate a plurality of aeraulic devices 10 to cover a larger area of donor plants as well as a larger area of recipient plants.
• FIG. 6 represents, for example, a vehicle 47 comprising a coupling structure 48 and a ventilation device 54 disposed on the coupling structure 48.
• the air flow apparatus here comprises three ventilation devices 10 arranged side by side so that the Conveying 16 of each of the a Vogellic devices 10 extend along the same direction.
• Each of the aunterlic devices is offset relative to the others along this direction to allow the successive disposition of the capturing elements 12 and diffusion 14 of each of the aunterlic devices 10.
• the aunterlic devices 10 are arranged so that each of the front openings 40 of the capturing members 12 and diffusion members 14 of the ventilation devices 10 are oriented towards the same direction of advancement to receive donor or recipient plants during a movement of the vehicle 47 along this direction of advancement.
• the vehicle 47 may also comprise an independent evaluation module 56 of the quantitative pollen potential used during the pollination.
• a very small part of the pollen resource can be used to measure the pollen potentially available for pollination.
• the pollen collected in this independent evaluation module 56 is representative of the amount of pollen sucked up and applied by each of the a Vogellic devices.
• This independent evaluation module 56 comprises a capture member 12 similar to those of the air flow devices 10, a conveying channel 16 and a Coanda airflow amplifier 18. This airflow amplifier 18 is here used only to suck the pollen and to move it to a separation cyclone.
• pollen can be replaced by a simple fan because the pollen, previously retained in the separation cyclone, does not come into contact with the generator member of the suction air flow placed at the outlet of the cyclone. Pollen is then collected in a tank to quantify the mass or number of pollen grains sucked per unit area.
• Respect of the reproductive potential of the pollen was the subject of comparative measurements of the viability of the pollen before and after the passage in the aeraulic device 10 as represented in FIG. 6. These evaluations demonstrated the safety of this pollination technology on the reproductive potential of pollen. For this, a flow cytometry technology specifically dedicated to the evaluation of the reproductive potential of pollen has been used. This technology was developed and marketed by Amphasys AG.
• the vehicle 47 can be configured for plants having a high height, such as corn or other high-rooted plants.
• a specific configuration of the vehicle 47 is preferable for tall plants. Indeed, these plants have a high height but above all they can include flowers that are not hermaphroditic implying that the donor and recipient areas of these plants are located at different heights of the plant. This implies points of sampling and application of different pollen may vary in space independently of one another.
• the vehicle 47 comprises a ventilation device 10 specifically configured for plants having a high height.
• the air flow device 10 comprises in this case a significant difference in height between the capture member 12 and the diffusion member 14.
• the conveying channel 16 comprises a first portion 50 extending along a first portion of the conveying axis A and a second portion 52 extending along a second portion of the conveying axis A transverse to the first portion.
• This bidirectional extension of the conveying channel 16 makes it possible to arrange the capture 12 and diffusion 14 members at different heights with respect to the ground while minimizing the obstacles inside the conveying channel 16. It is also conceivable to replace this L-shape of the conveying channel by a curved pipe portion whose curvature is continuous from the capture member 12 to the diffusion member 14 as shown in Figure 1.
• a pneumatic baffle 58 of Coanda effect pollen disposed at the level of the diffusion member 14 to induce a transverse or more generally orientable airflow with respect to the conveying axis.
• This air flow is a pneumatic deflector and prevents contact between the pollen and a physical deflecting wall.
• the pollen is thus distributed in one or more axes and speeds controlled by the supply air pressure of the pneumatic deflector 58.
• the pneumatic deflector 58 uses the same operating mode as the airflow amplifier 18.
• the pneumatic deflector 58 is provided for each of these deflection axes with an orifice 22 formed in a distributor 60 and delimited by an edge 26 forming a convex surface configured to generate a coanda effect for generating a thin layer of fluid. strong velocity and amplification of airflow.
• the Coanda effect deflector distributes the pollen flow along several deflection axes, it also performs a role of dividing the pollen flow conveyed in the conduit 16.
• a division of the flow main pollen conveyed by the conduit 16 in a plurality of secondary flows can be carried out in cascade by a succession of Coanda effect deflectors 58.
• a source 24 makes it possible to supply the orifice 22 with compressed gas.
• the pneumatic deflector 58 with two deflection axes represented by way of example in FIG. 8 comprises two orifices 22 extending rectilinear transversely to the flow of blowing air coming from the conveying channel 16.
• the deflection air of the pollen is generated by the pneumatic deflector 58 to direct the flow of blowing air from the conveying channel 16 and consequently the pollen in a predetermined direction.
• This selective orientation before any contact between the pollen and a physical wall makes it possible to avoid any shock or lethal friction to the pollen before being distributed to the recipient plants.
• Biaxial is understood to mean that the pneumatic baffle 58 is configured to induce a baffle airflow of pollen along two deflection axes B.
• the pneumatic baffle 58 is connected directly to the end of the conveying conduit 16.
• the diffusion member 14 here corresponds to the outlet orifice formed by the conveying conduit 16.
• the deflection axes B are preferably transverse to the conveying axis A along which the pollen flows at the outlet of the conveying conduit 16.
• the pollen is thus redirected preferably towards the sides of the pneumatic deflector 58 with respect to the direction
• the pneumatic baffle 58 preferably comprises a front bumper 62 configured to guide the recipient plants to at least one side of the pneumatic baffle 58.
• the recipient plants are guided to a lateral zone of the baffle pneumatic 58 where the pollen is redirected by the pneumatic deflector 58.
• the pneumatic baffle 58 comprises one or more Coanda effect deflection members 72 each configured to generate a thin film of high velocity fluid and Coanda effect airflow amplification to deflect the pollen flow along a deflection axis.
• Each body deflection 72 forms an orifice 74 for injecting a primary air flow or motor 76 and a profile 78 configured to optimize the Coanda effect on the primary gas flow 76.
• the profile 78 at least partially defines the orifice 74 and forms a convex surface whose curvature is configured to generate a Coanda effect on the compressed gas stream 76 generated by a source of compressed gas through the orifice 74.
• the profile 78 forms a surface with a convex surface configured to generate a Coanda effect of high velocity fluid thin film generation and air flow amplification to induce a deflector airflow along one or more deflection axes B.
• the profile 78 thus constitutes a surface to generate a Coanda effect.
• the profile 78 forms a surface oriented so as to face the pollen flow 88 coming from the conveying conduit 16.
• the profile 78 is disposed downstream in contact with the orifice 74 with respect to the direction of movement of the primary air flow. 76.
• the profile 78 can be obtained by a curved surface.
• the convex profile of the edge 78 can be obtained by a plurality of straight segments to facilitate its manufacture.
• the pneumatic deflector 58 can be used to divide the pollen flow.
• the configuration of the pneumatic deflector 58 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 makes it possible to divide the pollen flow 88 into two deflected pollen streams 86.
• the position of the deflection members 72 with respect to the conveying axis A makes it possible to regulate the proportion of each of the deflected pollen flows 86.
• the profile 78 when viewed in cross section, preferably corresponds to a portion of a profile "NACA" used in aircraft construction, including the upper half of the profile "NACA".
• the profile 78 preferably comprises a leading edge disposed at the orifice 74, an extrados and a trailing edge downstream of the deflection member 72.
• a part of the profile 78 may correspond to an upper half of a profile "NACA0030" including a camber of the reference line (from the leading edge to the trailing edge) of 0 degrees, a position 0% camber and profile thickness of 30% of the rope, ie the distance between the leading edge and the trailing edge.
• the deflection member 72 may also comprise a portion movable at one end 80 of the profile 78 opposite the orifice 74.
• the movable portion preferably forms a trailing edge of the
• the deflection member 72 may comprise a trailing edge movable in rotation about an axis extending transversely to the deflection axis B.
• This moving part is preferably a moving flap.
• curvature shutter in the field of aeronautics, to change the overall curvature of the profile 78 to thereby increase the possibilities of adjusting a deflection angle a pollen flow.
• the deflection angle a of the pollen flow is preferably defined as the angle between the conveying axis A and the deflection axis B in a plane transverse to the profile 78.
• the movable part, or the movable flap 84 is configured to vary the angle of deflection a according to the inclination of the movable flap 84 about its axis of rotation.
• the inclination of the movable flap 84 also defines a curvature angle b formed between the surface of the profile 78 and an upper surface 85 of the movable flap 84 in a plane transverse to the profile 78. As shown in FIG.
• a stall of laminar air streams flowing on the fixed part of the profile 78 induces turbulence favorable to the slowing down and dispersion of the pollen grains before their application on the recipient plants.
• FIG. 10 shows the flow of pollen 88 coming from the conveying duct 16 deflected by the deflection members 72, associating the injected primary air flow 76 with the deflected pollen stream 86.
• the pollen flow 88 coming from the conveying duct 16 along the conveying axis A is thus divided and redirected along the two deflection axes B by each of the deflection members 72.
• the pneumatic baffle 58 further comprises a source of compressed gas in fluid communication with each orifice 74 of the deflection members 72 for supplying compressed gas.
• a source of compressed gas in fluid communication with each orifice 74 of the deflection members 72 for supplying compressed gas.
• the primary engine gas pressure 76 of each deflection member 72 can be individually adjusted to produce a division and deflection of the asymmetric pollen flow.
• This compressed gas is preferably generated by the source with air taken outside the environment of the pneumatic deflector 58.
• the source is configured to inject gas or compressed air at low pressure, preferably at a pressure of less than 0.1 MPa (1Bar).
• the source is preferably configured to provide air free of pollutants such as aerosols such as condensed water or lubricants.
• the source may be configured to supply gas or air at a temperature substantially equal to ambient temperature so as not to induce any significant change in pollen temperature or to intensify changes in the water condition of said pollen.
• the source is preferably configured to supply gas or compressed air at a temperature between 15 and 25 ° C.
• the source may be an unlubricated low-pressure compressor driven mechanically by the carrier vehicle or another independent heat engine, it may also be an air compressor turbine associated with a variable reluctance electric motor such as a engine supercharging air compressor.
• the source may comprise a centrifugal compressor associated with a brushless electric motor (called “brushless”).
• the source also preferably comprises a chiller that can be an air / air exchanger to regulate the temperature of the injected gas or compressed air and reduce its temperature to that of the ambient temperature.
• the source may include a device for draining any condensate installed downstream of the cooler.
• the orifice 74 is preferably a slot extending along the upstream end of the profile 78.
• the slot may for example be rectilinear along the upstream edge of the profile 78.
• each of the profiles 78 is selectively variable so as to vary the direction of one or more of the deflection axes B.
• the profiles 78 are preferably made of a material having a thermal conduction and a thermal inertia allowing the surface temperature of the profiles 78 not to fall below a predetermined threshold. This predetermined threshold is chosen to avoid any condensation on the surface of the profiles 78.
• the thickness of the profiles 78 is chosen so as to increase the thermal conduction and the thermal inertia of the profiles 78.
• the outer surface of the profiles 78 is preferably made by machining to obtain a more accurate profile allowing an optimized Coanda effect and better deflection of the air flow 86.
• the profiles 78 are preferably made of aluminum to allow compliance with the thermal qualities and the surface condition .
• the pneumatic deflector 58 may comprise a member for varying the distance between the end of the conveying duct 16 profiles 78 which allows to vary the desired force and deflection angle.

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• 2018
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