EP3756114A1 - Méthode de simulation de la puissance optique d'un verre feuilleté - Google Patents
Méthode de simulation de la puissance optique d'un verre feuilletéInfo
- Publication number
- EP3756114A1 EP3756114A1 EP19704346.6A EP19704346A EP3756114A1 EP 3756114 A1 EP3756114 A1 EP 3756114A1 EP 19704346 A EP19704346 A EP 19704346A EP 3756114 A1 EP3756114 A1 EP 3756114A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- laminated glass
- optical
- sheets
- optical quality
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/958—Inspecting transparent materials or objects, e.g. windscreens
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0012—Optical design, e.g. procedures, algorithms, optimisation routines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
- G01N2021/8883—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges involving the calculation of gauges, generating models
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/958—Inspecting transparent materials or objects, e.g. windscreens
- G01N2021/9586—Windscreens
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for simulating the optical power of a laminated glass. It is particularly suitable for determining a minimum value of optical quality index to which a combination of glass sheets must satisfy to form a laminated glass of given shape with a given constraint of optical quality.
- the invention also relates to a data processing system comprising means for implementing said method.
- the optical quality levels required for laminated glass as glazing generally depend on the application.
- the angular deviations that a light beam undergoes while crossing an optical defect present in a glazing do not have the same criticality according to whether this glazing is intended to first provide visibility or brightness.
- an overhead or overhead vehicle windshield requires a higher level of optical quality than a glazing to provide more light in a building.
- no optical defect must have a size and / or a position likely to reduce the driver's visual comfort or impede the driving of the vehicle because it is the safety of its passengers.
- optical defects of larger sizes or located in the middle of the glazing can be tolerated as long as they do not degrade the aesthetics and overall thermal performance of the glazing.
- glazing used in a digital display device such as a plasma screen or a liquid crystal display must not have an optical defect that may disturb the display of information and their perception by a user.
- patents EP 0463940 B1 and EP0342127 B1 describe automated control processes of a glazing unit in which the optical deformation levels of the glazing are determined from an ombroscopic image and then compared with previously defined threshold values.
- Patent applications W09817993 and GB2152210 as well as patent EP 1061357 disclose methods for detecting optical anomalies of a transparent sheet by image analysis of a geometric pattern reflected or transmitted by the sheet.
- Patent application WO 2021028630 discloses a process for simulating the shaping of a glazing unit operating a database comprising information on the alterations in shape of a glass sheet according to the spatio-temporal distributions of temperature that it can undergo at the same time. forming course. Each shape can then be evaluated for its optical quality.
- the present invention solves these problems. It relates to a method of computer-implemented simulation of the optical power of a given form of laminated glass that can be obtained by laminating at least two sheets of glass and at least one laminating interlayer, said laminated glass being capable of having an edge, a first main face, and a second main face, and said method comprising the following steps:
- a first advantage of the method of the invention is that it makes it possible to control, before manufacture, any combination of the shape effects of the laminated glass and the optical quality of the surfaces of the glass sheets used in the first and second faces. main. Potentially defective combinations can be anticipated and the production losses can thus be advantageously reduced.
- a second advantage of the method is its speed of execution. In terms of execution speed, it is about 50 times faster to implement than current simulation methods based on ray tracing. For example, with comparable data processing capabilities, a ray tracing simulation method requires 30 minutes to obtain the optical power of a laminated glass.
- the simulation method of the invention makes it possible to obtain the optical power of 50 laminated glasses at the same time. This advantage makes it possible to use the method in real time on laminated glass production lines where changes in the production schedule are likely to take place. In particular, if a particular form of laminated glass is to be produced urgently, the method of the invention makes it possible to control the optical power that can be obtained in a few tens of seconds.
- steps (b1) and (c1) can be carried out by any suitable means.
- This geometric modeling can advantageously be performed using the tools of computer-aided design (CAD) which is a technique widely used in the industry. These tools make it possible to create numerical models of mechanical parts, and are particularly suitable for modeling the shape of a laminated glass.
- CAD computer-aided design
- the second modeled surface is obtained by translation of the first modeled surface.
- the first and second modeled surfaces are generally parallel to each other.
- the ratio of the distance d on the largest dimension of the glazing is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.01. The ratio is preferably between 0.001 and 0.01.
- the topographic profiles of the glass sheet surfaces likely to correspond to the first main face and the second main face of the laminated glass are used for the calculation of the 7G topological thickness. It has been found experimentally that the contribution of the topographic profiles of the surfaces of the glass sheets in contact with the lamination interlayer, and the contribution of the interlayer itself, were generally negligible. Indeed, the comparison of the optical power values obtained using the simulation method of the invention with those obtained using method taking into account the topographic profiles of the surfaces of the glass sheets in contact with the interlayer. were relatively close. In a laminated glass, the refractive index of the laminating interlayer is identical, if not close, to that of the glass sheets. In certain embodiments of the invention, it is nevertheless possible to take into account the contribution of the topographic profiles of the surfaces of the glass sheets in contact with the lamination interlayer, and of the contribution of the interlayer in the calculation of the topological thickness p.
- the laminated glasses used as glazing can be affected by optical distortions having consequences on the optical power.
- the geometric and topological thicknesses 7G are each weighted by an optical amplification factor depending on the angle, Q, formed between the normal direction and the first surface and a reference direction of observation of the laminated glass.
- this observation reference direction may be the observation direction of a driver and / or passengers in a land or air vehicle in which the laminated glass is used as a windshield.
- optical power in each of the points can for example be calculated using the following expression:
- n is the refractive index of the glass and A p and A e 'q) are amplification factors calculated using the following formulas:
- the topographic profiles of the glass sheet surfaces likely to correspond to the first main face and the second main face of the laminated glass can generally be obtained in two different ways.
- the profiles are profiles measured by profilometric methods with or without contact.
- a profilometric method with contact consists of scanning the surface with a stylus in physical contact with said surface and measuring the vertical displacements.
- contactless profilometric methods are generally more usual. These are often profilometric optical scanning or scanning methods such as ombroscopy, optical interferometry, or digital holography. In particular, ombroscopic methods are widely used. They are described in detail in the state of the art, for example in the patent applications EP0463940 or EP 0342127.
- the topographic profiles are generally provided by the manufacturer of the sheets of glass.
- the topographic profiles are numerically simulated profiles. It may be advantageous to generate the topographic profiles using mathematical functions to control, in advance, the effect of one or more topographic profiles on the optical power values of a laminated glass with a given shape to using the method of the invention. Such an approach makes it possible, for example, to establish technical specifications without resorting to experimental data on the topographic profiles. These technical specifications can then be transmitted to a supplier of glass sheets before any supply so that he can verify that the glass sheets that he is likely to provide meet the needs. The generation of topographic profiles by mathematical functions can also be performed from a library of experimental topographic profiles used as models.
- the simulation method further comprises, after step (f1), a step of determining an optical fluctuation index f from the values of the optical powers PO obtained at each point of the modeled surfaces.
- This optical fluctuation index may have the dimension of an optical power.
- this optical fluctuation index f can be the standard deviation of the values of the optical powers PO or the maximum value of the optical powers PO.
- the optical fluctuation index f may correspond to this rate of variation. It can then be defined as the maximum value of a set of values corresponding to the differences between the maximum and minimum values of the optical powers PO in a sliding sampling window.
- the sampling window can advantageously be a window square or rectangular sampling whose lateral dimensions are between 2mm and 100mm, preferably between 5 and 50mm.
- the determination of the optical fluctuation index f is performed in a limited region of the main faces of the laminated glass.
- This limited region may be defined in accordance with European Union Directive 92/22 / EEC or in accordance with UN / ECE Regulation 43, in particular 9.2.5.2.3 of the said Regulation.
- this limited region may correspond to the region delimited by the intersection of the principal faces of said laminated glass with a square-based pyramid whose apex is situated at a defined distance from the main faces and the two angles at the vertex between the lateral faces opposite said pyramid are respectively between 10 ° and 20 °, and between 5 and 15 °.
- the simulation method of the invention described above is particularly suitable for determining a minimum value of optical quality index to which a combination of glass sheets must satisfy to form a laminated glass with a given quality constraint. optical.
- the simulation method can then be integrated as intermediate steps in a method allowing this determination.
- another object of the invention is a computer-implemented method of determining an optical quality index range required for a combination of glass sheets capable of forming a laminated glass of a given shape capable of being obtained by laminating at least two sheets of glass and at least one lamination interlayer, said laminated glass having a given optical quality constraint, Q, and said method comprising the following steps:
- This method makes it possible to determine, a priori, before any production, the minimum optical quality level that a combination of glass sheets must have to manufacture a laminated glass of given shape and optical quality.
- the advantage is a saving of time and materials not insignificant compared to an experimental heuristic approach and a more efficient anticipation of difficulties related to the shaping of laminated glass.
- the optical quality constraint Q may have the dimension of an optical power.
- steps (a1) to (d1) of the simulation method of step (c2) for each combination of glass sheets selected in step (a2).
- the steps (a1) to (d1) of the simulation method of step (c2) can be executed once. The result can then be retained for performing the other steps with each combination of glass sheet.
- the identifier, the topographic profile and the optical quality index associated with each of the glass sheets may be selected from a digital database comprising entities representing the glass sheets. Each entity representing the glass sheets then has, among its attributes, an identifier, a topographic profile and an optical quality index.
- This database can be fed by the data transmitted by the manufacturers or suppliers of glass sheets. It may also include entities representing glass sheets whose topographic profiles have been obtained by numerical simulation.
- the optical quality index of the combinations of glass sheets is a synthetic parameter making it possible to compare the combinations between them. This index can in particular be a numerical value for sorting them.
- the optical quality index of the combinations of the glass sheets is the root mean square of the average optical quality indices of the two glass sheets. the combination, one of the surfaces of each of said glass sheets being capable of corresponding respectively to the first main face and the second main face of the laminated glass, said average optical quality indices being obtained by ombroscopic methods.
- an optical quality index denoted NO
- NO pvl and NO pv 2 are respectively the average optical quality indices the first glass sheet and the second glass sheet obtained using an ombroscopic method.
- ombroscopic methods are described in detail in the state of the art, for example in the patent applications EP0463940 or EP 0342127.
- the unit of measurement of the quantities NO, NO PV1 and NO PV2 are generally the diopter.
- the optical power simulation method and the method for determining the optical quality of the combination of glass sheets are implemented by computer.
- the invention also relates to a computer program comprising instructions executable by a computer for performing the steps of these two methods of the invention in all their possible embodiments. Any type of programming language compiled into a binary form or directly interpreted can be used to implement the steps of the methods by a sequence of arithmetic or logical instructions executable by a computer or any programmable information processing system.
- the computer program may be part of a software package, that is, a set of executable instructions and / or one or more datasets or databases.
- the computer program can be stored on a computer-readable storage medium.
- This storage medium is preferably a nonvolatile or nonvolatile computer memory, for example a magnetic or semiconductor mass memory (solid state drive, flash memory). It can be removable or integrated into the computer that decrypts the content and executes the instructions.
- the storage medium can be integrated with a remote computer, called “server”, different from the one that executes the instructions, called the "client". To execute the instructions contained in the storage medium, the "client" computer accesses the memory space of the "server” computer in which the computer program is recorded using a physical telecommunication means and / or appropriate air.
- the "server” computer can also decrypt the storage medium on which the computer program is stored and communicate the instructions in binary form to the "client” computer by any means of telecommunication.
- the storage medium may be a removable medium or to be accessible remotely by a telecommunication means so as to facilitate the diffusion of the invention in the places where it is likely to be used.
- the method for determining an optical quality index range required for a combination of glass sheets capable of forming a laminated glass with a given optical quality constraint, Q can be integrated with a method of manufacturing a glass laminated with optical quality constraint.
- the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a laminated glass comprising at least two sheets of glass and at least interleaved, said laminated glass of given shape having an edge, a first main face and a second main face, said laminated glass having a given constraint of optical quality, Q, said method comprises the following steps:
- the computer-implemented geometric modeling of a second surface obtained by translating the modeled surface in step a in the smaller direction of the laminated glass by a distance e corresponding to the thickness of the laminated glass , and in the direction of one of the two largest dimensions of the laminated glass of a defined distance d, the ratio of the distance d on the largest dimension of the laminated glass being greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.01 , and said modeling making it possible to obtain a second modeled surface;
- the topological thickness 7G obtained by subtracting the topographic profiles of the surfaces of the glass sheets may correspond to the first main face and second main face of the laminated glass at each of the points of the faces;
- step (j) selecting, computer-implemented, the optical quality index range of the combinations of the glass sheets satisfying the result of the comparison of step (j); m. the manufacture of a laminated glass comprising a combination of glass sheets whose optical quality index is within the range determined in step (k).
- optical power simulation method and the method for determining the optical quality of a combination of glass sheets can be implemented using a data processing system comprising means for this implementation. .
- This data processing system may comprise a computer integrating one or more Central Processing Units adapted to the implementation of the simulation method of the invention.
- the computer may comprise other electronic components necessary for its operation, such as input-output interfaces, volatile and / or persistent storage systems and BUSs, necessary for the transfer of data between the central processing units and communication with external systems.
- One of the input-output interfaces may advantageously be a user interface for human-machine interactions.
- this user interface can be graphical.
- a data processing system making it possible to simulate the optical power of a given form of leaf-shaped glass that can be obtained by flicking at least two sheets of glass and at least one laminating interlayer, said laminated glass being likely to have an edge, a first major face, and a second major face, may include the following means:
- d. means for calculating the geometric thickness e ', at each of the points of the modeled surfaces, by adding the distance e and the geometric offset t;
- e. means for calculating the topological thickness 7G, at each point of the modeled surfaces, by subtracting the topographic profiles of the surfaces of the glass sheets that may correspond to the first main face and the second main face of the laminated glass;
- f. means for calculating the optical power PO, at each of the points of the modeled surfaces, from the Laplacian value of the sum of the geometric and topological thicknesses 7G.
- the data processing system may further comprise a means for determining the optical fluctuation indices cp.
- a system for determining an optical quality index interval required for a combination of glass sheets capable of forming a laminated glass of a given shape that can be obtained by flicking at least two sheets of glass and at least one laminating interlayer, said laminated glass having a given optical quality constraint, Q may comprise the following means:
- b. means for calculating the optical quality index of the combination of glass sheets from the optical quality indices of the two glass sheets of the combination, one of the surfaces of said two glass sheets is capable of respectively corresponding to the first main face or the second main face of the laminated glass;
- d. means for comparing the values of the optical fluctuation indices cp with the value of the optical quality constraint Q; e. means for selecting the range of the optical quality indices of the combinations of the glass sheets satisfying the result of the comparison.
- said system may further comprise a direct or indirect telecommunication means with a computer-readable storage medium comprising a database containing for each glass sheet of the set of glass sheets, an identifier, a topographic profile and an optical quality index.
- the calculation, geometric modeling, comparison and selection means may be one or more calculation units. They can also be virtual means instantiated in the form of objects from classes in the RAM of a computer, possibly assisted by a virtual memory, a computer program or computer software.
- a computer program of the invention and / or a data processing system for implementing the steps of the simulation method and / or the method for determining an optical quality index interval can be integrated into a cloud computing or cloud computing infrastructure.
- a "client" computer can serve as a platform for access to cloud computing.
- Such an embodiment has, for example, the advantage of allowing several actors implementing the method or methods of the invention to pool technical resources and centralize information. For example, several laminated lens manufacturing sites with different optical quality shapes and constraints can transmit relevant information about these optical quality shapes and constraints across said infrastructure. Once the information processed by said program or system (s), the results relating to the optical power or the optical quality interval can be transmitted to the manufacturing sites through the same infrastructure.
- a system for determining an optical quality index range required for each of the glass sheets of a combination of glass sheets capable of forming a laminated glass comprising at least two sheets of glass and at least one interlayer, said glass laminated film having a given optical quality constraint, Q may further comprise a database containing for each glass sheet of a laminated glass assembly, an identifier, a topographic profile and an optical quality index.
- This database can also be included in a cloud computing or cloud computing infrastructure. This embodiment is particularly advantageous in the case where a supplier or manufacturer of glass sheets makes available in a computer infrastructure a database containing technical information on the glass sheets that it is likely to provide. .
- an actor or a customer who implements the invention, can access this database and check before any request for supply if said supplier or said manufacturer is in immediate capacity to supply glass sheets having an optical quality sufficient for the manufacture of a laminated glass of given shape and a given constraint of optical quality.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an example of laminated glass with a given shape.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the transverse section along plane A-A of detail II of the laminated glass of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a representation in the form of a logic diagram of the simulation method of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a logic diagram representation of an embodiment of the method for determining an optical quality index range required for a combination of glass sheets capable of forming a laminated glass.
- Figure 5 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a data processing system comprising means for implementing the steps of a simulation method of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a geometric modeling of the shape of the laminated glass of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional graphical representation of the examples of topographic profiles of the surfaces of glass sheets that may correspond to the first main face and the second principal face of a laminated glass.
- Figure 8 is a schematic representation of a delimitation of a region of the laminated glass in which a fluctuation index f is likely to be calculated.
- FIG. 9 is a simplified representation of the first and second modeled surfaces of the laminated glass with the translation of a distance d and the geometrical thickness e.
- FIG. 10 is a graphical representation of the optical power of the laminated glass of Fig. 1 obtained using the ray tracing method.
- FIG. 13 is a graphical representation of the variation of the optical fluctuation indices cp of a laminated glass comprising two glass sheets and an interlayer as a function of the optical quality index NO of the combinations of two sheets of glass chosen from a set of 10 sheets of glass, for two given shapes 1 and 2 of laminated glass and a given optical power constraint, Q.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents, in an orthonormal reference frame XYZ, an example of laminated glass 1000 with a first main face 1001, a second main face 1002 and an edge 1003.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram of the transverse section along the plane AA of the detail II of the laminated glass of FIG. 1.
- the laminated glass is formed of a first sheet of glass 2001, a second sheet of glass 2002 and a laminating interlayer 2003.
- the first main face 1001, a second main face 1002 and the edge 1003 are also indicated in the diagram.
- the simulation method of the invention is represented in the form of a logic diagram in FIG. 3. It comprises the following steps:
- FIG. 4 is a logic diagram representation of an embodiment of the computer-implemented determination method of an optical quality index interval required for a combination of glass sheets capable of forming a laminated glass of given shape obtainable by laminating at least two sheets of glass and at least one laminating interlayer, said laminated glass having a given optical quality constraint, Q.
- the laminated glass 1000 comprises a first main face 1001 , a second main face 1002 and an edge 1003.
- the method, implemented by computer comprises the following steps:
- the geometric modeling E4000 of a first surface capable of corresponding to the first main face 1001 of the laminated glass from a digital model of the shape of said laminated glass to form a first modeled surface
- Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a data processing system comprising means for implementing the steps of an embodiment of the method of determining a range of quality indices.
- the system includes a 5001 computer in telecommunication with a 5003 cloud computing or cloud computing infrastructure.
- the means are integrated in the IT infrastructure 5003.
- the said IT infrastructure 5003 comprises the following means:
- the computer infrastructure further includes a 5003f database containing for each glass sheet of a laminated glass assembly, an identifier, a topographic profile and an optical quality index.
- the computer includes an input / output graphical interface 5002 for human-machine interactions.
- FIG. 6 An example of modeling 6000 of the shape of the laminated glass of FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 6. The modeling was obtained by meshing the surface. A first modeled surface 6001 is obtained by geometric modeling of the first main face 1001 of the laminated glass.
- FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional graphical representation of examples of topographic profiles PT 1 and PT 2 of the surfaces of the glass sheets that may respectively correspond to the first main face 1001 and the second main face 1002 of a laminated glass. More particularly, it represents the variation in gm of the relief of the surfaces of the glass sheets.
- the Z axis is the scale of the variation of the relief and the X and Y axes are in the plane of the glass sheets. For reasons of brevity, only the reliefs of a region of the surfaces are represented.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a delimitation of a region 8001 of the laminated glass 1000 in which a fluctuation index f can be calculated.
- this region is delimited by the intersection of the main faces of said laminated glass 1000 with a square-based pyramid (not shown) whose apex is located in the direction of the Z axis at a defined distance from the main faces 1001 and 1002, the two vertex angles between the lateral faces opposite said pyramid being respectively between 10 ° and 20 °, and between 5 and 15 °.
- the shape of the region is usually rectangular or square.
- FIG. 9 is a simplified representation of the second modeled surface 9001 of the laminated glass obtained by translation of the first modeled surface 6001 in the direction of smaller dimension of the laminated glass by a distance e corresponding to the thickness of the glazing, and according to the direction of one of the two largest dimensions of the laminated glass of a defined distance d, the ratio of the distance d on the largest dimension of the laminated glass being greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.01.
- the translation of a distance d is carried out in the direction of the X or Y axes or in a direction linear combination of the X and Y axes.
- the translation of the distance e is carried out in the direction of the Z axis.
- Fig. 10 is a graphical representation of the optical power of a region of the laminated glass of Fig. 1 obtained using the ray tracing method.
- the scale of Grayscale represents the optical power expressed in milidioptries (mD).
- the region of the laminated glass in which the optical power has been calculated is a region of the type of that of FIG. 8.
- the X and Y axes of the figure correspond to the axes of FIG. 1.
- the unit of the axes and the position of the center of the landmark are arbitrary.
- the method of ray tracing is a known method of the state of the art, frequently used in the technical field.
- the gray level scale represents the optical power expressed in milidioptry (mD).
- the region of the laminated glass in which the optical power has been calculated is a region of the type of that of FIG. 8.
- the X and Y axes of the figure correspond to the axes of FIG. 1.
- the unit of the axes and the position of the center of the landmark are arbitrary.
- the gray level scale represents the optical power expressed in milidioptries (mD).
- the region of the laminated glass in which the optical power has been calculated is a region of the type of that of FIG. 8.
- the X and Y axes of the figure correspond to the axes of FIG. 1.
- the unit of the axes and the position of the center of the landmark are arbitrary.
- FIG. 13 is a graphical representation of the variation of the optical fluctuation indices cp of a laminated glass capable of comprising two sheets of glass and an interlayer as a function of the optical quality index NO of the combinations of two sheets of glass chosen from a set of 10 sheets of glass.
- the optical fluctuation indices cp were calculated for two given forms 1 and 2 of the laminated glass and a given constraint of optical quality Q. The number of combinations for each of the two forms is 45.
- This graphical representation was obtained at the using the method of the invention for determining the range of optical quality indices required for a combination of glass sheets capable of forming a laminated glass comprising at least two sheets of glass and at least one interlayer, said laminated glass having a given optical power constraint, Q.
- the optical quality index NO of the combinations of the two glass sheets is the quadratic average of the average optical quality indices of the two glass sheets of the combination.
- the said average optical quality indices have been obtained by methods ombroscopiques.
- the optical quality constraint, Q is represented by the dashed line.
- the figures in the form of solid circles represent the results obtained for the shape 1 of the laminated glass; those in the form of empty squares represent the results obtained for the shape 2 of the laminated glass.
- the first example compares the optical power values of a laminated glass using the simulation method of the invention and using the method of ray tracing, known from the state of the art and frequently used in the technical field.
- the laminated glass comprises two sheets of soda-lime glass and a lamination interlayer. Its shape and structure are schematically represented in FIGS. 1 and 2 respectively.
- the laminated glass 1000 comprises a first glass sheet 2001, a second glass sheet 2002 and a laminating interlayer 2003 so as to form a first main face 1001, a second main face 1002 and an edge 1003.
- the thickness of the glass sheets is 2.1mm.
- the refractive index of the glass is 1.51.
- Extracts of the topographic profiles PT 1 and PT 2 from the surfaces of the glass sheets corresponding to the first main face 1001 and the second main face 1002 of the laminated glass respectively are shown in FIG. 7.
- the topographic profiles were acquired by ombroscopy.
- Figure 10 is a graphical representation of the optical power of a region of the laminated glass obtained using the ray tracing method.
- the grayscale scale represents the optical power expressed in milidiop tries (mD).
- the unit of the X and Y axes, and the position of the center of the marker are arbitrary.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 show that the results obtained using the simulation method of the invention with a value d greater than 0.01 are different from those obtained with the radius casting method. It has also been found experimentally that when the value of d is greater than 0.01 the results are incorrect.
- the comparison of FIGS. 10 and 12 shows that the results obtained using the simulation method of the invention with a value of less than 0.01 are identical, if not very close, to those obtained with the casting method of FIG. Ray.
- the simulation method of the invention is, in terms of execution speed, about 50 times faster to implement than the ray tracing method. This speed of implementation makes it possible to use the method in real time on laminated glass production lines where changes in the production schedule are likely to take place.
- the second example illustrates the advantages of the simulation method of the invention when it is used in a method of an optical quality index interval required for a combination of glass sheets capable of forming a laminated glass of a given shape. obtainable by laminating at least two sheets of glass and at least one laminating interlayer, said laminated glass having a given optical quality constraint, Q.
- the optical quality index range required for a combination of two glass sheets capable of forming a laminated glass comprising two sheets of glass (Glass 1 and Glass 2) and a lamination interlayer was determined for two forms 1 and 2 of laminated glass.
- the combination of two glass sheets is selected from a set of 10 glasses.
- the optical quality index NO of the combinations of two glass sheets is the root mean square of the average optical quality indices of the two glass sheets of the combination.
- the said average optical quality indices of the glass sheets have been obtained by ombroscopic methods.
- the table below lists the 45 combinations evaluated.
- the first row (Glass 1) and the first column (Glass 2) of the table are indicated in bold the values of the optical quality indices of each of the ten glasses.
- Each intersection of the rows and columns represents a combination of two glasses, Glass 1 and Glass 2.
- the value at each intersection is the value of the quality index NO of the combination, root mean square of the optical quality indices of Glass 1 and Glass. 2.
- an optical fluctuation index cp was calculated.
- the optical fluctuation index cp is defined as the maximum value of a set of values corresponding to the differences between the maximum and minimum values of the optical powers in a sliding square sampling window.
- the lateral dimension of the sampling window is 80mm.
- the calculation of the optical fluctuation indices has been made in a region of the laminated glass. This region is the region delimited by the intersection of the main faces of said laminated glass with a square-based pyramid whose apex is located at a defined distance from the main faces and the two vertex angles between the lateral faces vis-à- screw of said pyramid are respectively between 10 ° and 20 °, and between 5 and 15 °.
- the lateral dimensions of this region on laminated glass are 200mm x 1000mm.
- the unit of cp is milidioptry (mD).
- the results are shown in Figure 13.
- the optical power stress, Q is represented by the dashed line. It is defined at 63.
- the figures in the form of solid circles represent the results obtained for the shape 1 of the laminated glass; those in the form of empty squares represent the results obtained for the shape 2 of the laminated glass.
- the optical quality constraint Q is satisfied when the value of the optical quality index NO of the combination of two glass sheets is less than 13; for form 2 when it is less than 17.
- FIG. 13 clearly shows that said method makes it possible to determine an optical quality index range required for a combination of glass sheets capable of forming a laminated glass comprising at least two sheets of glass and at least one interlayer.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1851515A FR3078161B1 (fr) | 2018-02-22 | 2018-02-22 | Methode de simulation de la puissance optique d'un verre feuillete |
| PCT/EP2019/053970 WO2019162233A1 (fr) | 2018-02-22 | 2019-02-18 | Méthode de simulation de la puissance optique d'un verre feuilleté |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3756114A1 true EP3756114A1 (fr) | 2020-12-30 |
Family
ID=61873604
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19704346.6A Withdrawn EP3756114A1 (fr) | 2018-02-22 | 2019-02-18 | Méthode de simulation de la puissance optique d'un verre feuilleté |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12026439B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3756114A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN111712824B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3078161B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019162233A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4092409A1 (fr) | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-23 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Procédé de détection des défauts optiques dans un pare-brise |
Family Cites Families (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3639112A (en) * | 1970-01-16 | 1972-02-01 | Ppg Industries Inc | Method and apparatus for making glass windshields |
| JPS60119404A (ja) | 1983-12-01 | 1985-06-26 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | 板ガラスの歪検査装置 |
| DE3816392A1 (de) | 1988-05-13 | 1989-11-23 | Ver Glaswerke Gmbh | Verfahren zur bestimmung der optischen qualitaet von flachglas oder flachglasprodukten |
| FR2663744B1 (fr) | 1990-06-25 | 1993-05-28 | Saint Gobain Vitrage Int | Procede et dispositif de mesure de la qualite optique d'un vitrage. |
| DE19643017C1 (de) | 1996-10-18 | 1998-04-23 | Innomess Ges Fuer Messtechnik | Verfahren für die Ermittlung von optischen Fehlern in großflächigen Scheiben |
| US6100990A (en) | 1999-06-14 | 2000-08-08 | Ford Motor Company | Method and apparatus for determining reflective optical quality using gray-scale patterns |
| MXPA02002070A (es) * | 2000-06-27 | 2002-08-20 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Metodo para evaluar la distorsion dinamica en perspectiva de un cuerpo transparente y metodo para soportar el diseno de una forma tridimensionalmente curva de un cuerpo transparente. |
| JP2007021044A (ja) * | 2005-07-20 | 2007-02-01 | Topcon Corp | 可変形状ミラーの変形方法、光学装置及び眼底観察装置 |
| JP2008070946A (ja) | 2006-09-12 | 2008-03-27 | Tohoku Univ | 光学系を利用した数値データ可視化シミュレーション装置及び同方法並びに光学系を利用した数値データ可視化シミュレーション装置を光学系装置と連携させたシステム並びに光学系を利用した数値データ可視化シミュレーションプログラム及びコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体 |
| WO2009042903A1 (fr) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-02 | Glasstech, Inc. | Procédé et appareil permettant de mesurer la distorsion optique transmise dans des feuilles de verre |
| WO2010005853A1 (fr) * | 2008-07-10 | 2010-01-14 | Gentex Corporation | Ensembles rétroviseurs avec stratifiés de polymère anisotrope |
| DE102008046357A1 (de) | 2008-09-09 | 2010-03-11 | Schaeffler Kg | Sensoranordnung zur Bestimmung einer Kenngröße für den Verschleiß eines Wälzlagers und Windkraftanlage |
| FR2936605B1 (fr) * | 2008-10-01 | 2014-10-31 | Saint Gobain | Dispositif d'analyse de la surface d'un substrat |
| BE1019471A3 (fr) | 2010-09-03 | 2012-07-03 | Agc Glass Europe | Procede d'elaboration de formes de vitrages. |
| FR2964473B1 (fr) * | 2010-09-03 | 2012-08-17 | Saint Gobain | Vitrage multiple a diffusion variable par cristaux liquides, son procede de fabrication |
| GB201020311D0 (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2011-01-12 | Pilkington Group Ltd | Laminated glazing |
| CN102507446A (zh) * | 2011-10-24 | 2012-06-20 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种透光玻璃光学角偏差的检测方法 |
| EP3022159B1 (fr) * | 2013-07-16 | 2019-03-20 | Corning Incorporated | Appareil et procédé de flexion de verre mince |
| GB201415163D0 (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-10-08 | Pilkington Group Ltd | Laminated glazing |
| WO2016143582A1 (fr) * | 2015-03-12 | 2016-09-15 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | Pare-brise |
| US10286631B2 (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2019-05-14 | Precision Glass Bending Corporation | Bent, veneer-encapsulated heat-treated safety glass panels and methods of manufacture |
| CN104950426B (zh) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-06-23 | 西安域视光电科技有限公司 | 一种用于投影显示的不失焦光学广角镜头 |
| CN105138759B (zh) | 2015-08-17 | 2018-02-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种光线在变折射率平板侧窗中的传输方法 |
-
2018
- 2018-02-22 FR FR1851515A patent/FR3078161B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2019
- 2019-02-18 US US16/971,947 patent/US12026439B2/en active Active
- 2019-02-18 CN CN201980014672.9A patent/CN111712824B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2019-02-18 EP EP19704346.6A patent/EP3756114A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-02-18 WO PCT/EP2019/053970 patent/WO2019162233A1/fr not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4092409A1 (fr) | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-23 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Procédé de détection des défauts optiques dans un pare-brise |
| WO2022243288A1 (fr) | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-24 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Procédé de détection de défauts optiques dans un pare-brise |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US12026439B2 (en) | 2024-07-02 |
| US20210089690A1 (en) | 2021-03-25 |
| FR3078161B1 (fr) | 2020-03-27 |
| CN111712824B (zh) | 2024-08-02 |
| CN111712824A (zh) | 2020-09-25 |
| WO2019162233A1 (fr) | 2019-08-29 |
| FR3078161A1 (fr) | 2019-08-23 |
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