Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/48—Medical, disinfecting agents, disinfecting, antibacterial, germicidal or antimicrobial compositions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
  • A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
  • A01N33/12—Quaternary ammonium compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
  • A01N59/08—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
  • C11D3/3942—Inorganic per-compounds

Definitions

• a harmful substance may penetrate deeply into the reticulated grain structures of microscopic surfaces, making it difficult to displace. Simply using water or other solvent may not present the appropriate physiochemical environment sufficient to overcome the forces holding or shielding the substance in place.
• Embodiments of the invention describe an enhanced chemical formulation and manner of practice administering two predicate patented products (DF-200 and SSDX-12) designed for the decontamination, disinfection and renewal of surfaces exposed to chemical, biological, toxic industrial contaminants and residues. These two products are standalone treatments for decontamination strategies. The combinations of the two in concert with one another presents a unique approach to decontamination and disinfection strategies.
• SSDX-12 is a high potency decontamination soap specifically used for the safe decontamination of air craft.
• SSDX-12 was required to demonstrate resistance to corrosion on aircraft metal alloys and sensitive equipment.
• the product was also required to remove residues of chemical weapons down to an acceptable standard. While the product is demonstrably effective at treating the targeted surfaces, the challenge of remediating the now dissolved and mobile chemical agents remained. In many situations it is simply unacceptable to rinse the treatment off into the environment.
• D7 formula (hereinafter“D7” or“D7 formula”) is a high potency
• decontamination/disinfection agent used to treat surfaces contaminated with bacteria, viruses, mold, mildew, toxic industrial chemicals, chemical weapons and other pathogenic and harmful agents.
• D7 is able to promote the rapid chemical remediation of these threats by virtue of its unique ability to solubilize normally water insoluble targets and expose them to chemical oxidation directly or in the realm of a self assembled micellular structure embodied in the formula.
• D7 formula extends the technology to include both oxidation reactions and reducing reactions. Additionally, D7 incorporates the treatment for toxic industrial chemicals. It also is the first reference to a bleaching activator.
• D7 expands into the area of mold, disinfection and
• D7 expands on the chemical landscape for DF-200. Additionally it incorporates data for rates of reaction against various toxic agents. It is also an improvement of the original DF-100 relative to performance against mustard agents in regard to reaction time and specificity. In one embodiment, D7 also integrates different bleaching activators.
• SSDX-12 is designed to achieve a safe, environmentally benign, low regret physiochemical agency capable of enabling conditions favorable toward the removal or deshielding of pathogens/agents/contaminant/toxins. With the application of SSDX-12, the offending substance can be hydraulically removed or rendered hydraulically vulnerable.
• the SSDX-12 may include a cleaning composition such as a C. sub.8-22 alkyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant, a C. sub.6-12 alkyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant, a C. sub.8-18 alkyl polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty ester surfactant, and a C. sub.12-14 secondary alcohol ethoxylate surfactant. The C. sub.8-22 alkyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant, a C. sub.6-12 alkyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant, a C. sub.8-18 alkyl polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty ester surfactant, and a C. sub.12-14 secondary alcohol ethoxylate surfactant.
• sub.8-18 alkyl polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty ester surfactant includes from 0 to about 20 ethoxylate groups per C. sub.8-18 alkyl polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty ester surfactant molecule.
• the C. sub.12-14 secondary alcohol ethoxylate surfactant includes from about 14 to about 16 ethoxylate groups per C. sub.12-14 secondary alcohol ethoxylate surfactant molecule.
• the cleaning composition includes from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of a C. sub.8-16 alkyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant, from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of a C. sub.6-10 alkyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant, from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of a C. sub.10-14 alkyl
• polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty ester surfactant and from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of a C. sub.12-14 secondary alcohol ethoxylate surfactant including from about 14 to about 16 ethoxylate groups per C. sub.12-14 secondary alcohol ethoxylate surfactant molecule.
• the C. sub.10-14 alkyl polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty ester surfactant includes from 0 to about 6 ethoxylate groups per C. sub.8- 18 alkyl polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty ester surfactant molecule.
• the C. sub.12-14 secondary alcohol ethoxylate surfactant includes from about 14 to about 16 ethoxylate groups per C.
• the C. sub.8-16 alkyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant, the C. sub.6-10 alkyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant, the C. sub.10-14 alkyl polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty ester surfactant, and the C. sub.12-14 secondary alcohol ethoxylate surfactant are provided in a 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio in the cleaning composition.
• the cleaning composition is effective to remove chemical warfare agents from the exterior surfaces of the vehicle upon application thereto.
• a method for cleaning exterior surfaces of a vehicle using the above cleaning composition may be applied.
• the method includes providing a cleaning composition, applying the cleaning composition to the exterior surfaces of the vehicle, and rinsing the exterior surfaces of the vehicle with water.
• a concrete surface may look solid from our perspective but when viewed microscopically, it can consist of a complex network of pathways. This is the same with any porous surface. Close inspection reveals a labyrinth in many cases.
• the cationic quaternary amine surfactants coupled with the alkaline pH carbonated buffer system lay the pathway for a more effective penetrating delivery of the complex cleaning chemistry embodied in D7.
• the product behaves in ways similar to the mechanisms behind hydraulic fracturing without the high pressure pumps.
• Alkali carbonates (potassium based) interact with the predominantly
• Hydraulic channels are opened allowing delivery of the cleaning power in the form of water, peroxide, and other formulation nonionic species.
• biofilms are comprised of a secreted chemical matrix that protects pathogen colonies from intruding threats. These films have nutrient causeways, respiration causeways and transpiration causeways and their precise nature is the subject of intense inquiry.
• Embodiments of D7 describe an enhanced chemical formulation designed for the decontamination, disinfection and renewal of surfaces exposed to chemical, biological and toxic industrial contaminants and residues.
• This formula improves on prior art by expanding the efficacy spectrum, decreasing treatment time, modifying chemical properties allowing for lower effective dosage and broadening the roster of chemical agents remediated by it.
• the formulation described herein may also be applied in variable concentrations to achieve decontamination objectives (cleaning, sanitization, disinfection, high level disinfection, mold remediation, biofilm remediation, targeted decontamination).
• Embodiments of D7 aim to incremental variants designed to perform
• aspects of the invention may be formulated with a Generation 1 version of Quaternary amine (ADBAC). It is thought that broadening the type of quaternary amine may bring a benefit in either efficacy against a broader range pathogens or greater effectiveness against biofilms. Of the two, biofilm effectiveness is likely the prominent value proposition.
• ADBAC Generation 1 version of Quaternary amine
• D7 provides a simple roster of ingredients. D7 is not made of exotic ingredients. It is assembled with common, benign, readily available materials. Their combination produces a net effect greater than the simple sum of each.
• These micelles act as miniature reaction factories where toxicants react with activated oxygen species rendering them neutralized or harmless.
• D7 formulation includes:
• Part B Formulation Ingredient Prescribed amount
• the Generation 5 surfactants and dimethyl dialkyl are provided.
• quaternary amines present an enhanced structure to the micelles developed in the D7 formulation.
• These surfactants may modify the Gouy-Chapman-Stern layer to the point of enhanced and improved ability to more rapidly solubilize agents into the micelle body.
• the surfactants may modify the Gouy-Chapman-Stern layer that may be tied to the speed at which an agent is decontaminated, or it might be the extent of its decontamination.
• This embodiment of the invention may have different physical properties.
• the efficacy profile of this version will also be different.
• the development of the efficacy profile should be from a dilute version, perhaps a 1 to 100 dilution of the final product, up to the full version.
• the dilute version might be considered for surfaces that are already clean and devoid of biofilm presence.
• the concentrated version would be considered for circumstances where gross filth is more prevalent (live animal facilities, processing plants, high biofilm potential places).
• Various embodiments of the invention for different dilutions may enable various levels of applications in addition to those disclosed in FIG. 1.
• Pathogens toxic industrial chemicals, or other undesirable substances exist unchallenged in ambient environments except by those reactive agents common to their surroundings.
• the natural remedies for treatment of infestations include predation by organisms, hydrolysis by water, photolysis by electromagnetic radiation, absorption by the substrate and shielding of the pathogen by environmental film to name a few. If a pathogen is soluble in water, a simple rinse may suffice.
• the kinetic time frame for these actions can range from the immediate to very long periods of slow transition. Delivering reactive chemical activity in the form of oxidation or nucleophillic substitution is an effective treatment strategy well known in common practice. It is the route by which numerous agents deliver their efficacious dose.
• disinfection and decontamination agents are formulated with substances that enable the ability overcome physiochemical barriers of interfacial tension and surface energy to deliver substances to reactive proximity. Additionally, substances that are not soluble in water may not be vulnerable to reaction based on the limited exposure to reactive conditions.
• D7 is a formula which overcomes physiochemical
• This new version of the formula is an enhancement of previous versions and demonstrates a more robust and effective ability to perform decontamination/disinfection tasks. By alteration of the surfactant characteristics of the formula, we are able to show faster decontamination times and more complete defeat of protective pathogenic layers leading to better remediation results.
• D7 is a decontamination agent that delivers chemical oxidation energy in a safe, dilute form for the purpose of promoting oxidation of toxins to less harmful or totally benign breakdown products
• D7 chemically treats toxins by promoting oxidation and by consequence speeding up the decontamination process.
• D7 will work to promote decontamination.
• the application of SSDX-12 before D7 enhances the net effect by enabling of the displacement of adsorbed substances.
• D7 decontaminating and disinfecting critical garments.
• the ability of D7 to perform these tasks has been demonstrated in abundance in independent laboratory tests.
• D7 has as one of its main active ingredients, quaternary amines which function as both potent disinfection agents and surfactants for the loosening and solubilization of dirt and grime common to clothing. It is well known that detergents based on cationic surfactants do not perform as well as anionic or neutral surfactants in a laundry setting.
• SSDX-12 has been applied to high level decontamination tasks associated with aircraft and has been qualified by numerous tests and military agencies. It has demonstrated a highly effective ability to remove stubborn substances from deep inside the microscopic grain structure of aircraft aluminum. As a detergent for critical use on critical surfaces, it is the go to option.
• modified SSDX-12 as a primary detergent for laundering purposes followed by treatment with D7 for final decontamination is presented as a patentable combination.
• the first necessity in decontamination is to facilitate exposure of the
• a harmful substance may penetrate deeply into the reticulated grain structures of microscopic surfaces, making it difficult to displace. Simply using water or other solvent may not present the appropriate physiochemical environment sufficient to overcome the forces holding or shielding the substance in place.
• Embodiments of the invention describe an enhanced chemical formulation and manner of practice administering two predicate patented products (DF-200 and SSDX-12) designed for the decontamination, disinfection and renewal of surfaces exposed to chemical, biological, toxic industrial contaminants and residues. These two products are standalone treatments for decontamination strategies. The combinations of the two in concert with one another presents a unique approach to decontamination and disinfection strategies.
• DF-200 and SSDX-12 predicate patented products
• SSDX-12 is a high potency decontamination soap specifically used for the safe decontamination of air craft. In order to achieve that claim, SSDX-12 was required to demonstrate resistance to corrosion on aircraft metal alloys and sensitive equipment. The product was also required to remove residues of chemical weapons down to an acceptable standard. While the product is demonstrably effective at treating the targeted surfaces, the challenge of remediating the now dissolved and mobile chemical agents remained. In many situations it is simply unacceptable to rinse the treatment off into the environment.
• D7 formula (hereinafter“D7” or“D7 formula”) is a high potency
• decontamination/disinfection agent used to treat surfaces contaminated with bacteria, viruses, mold, mildew, toxic industrial chemicals, chemical weapons and other pathogenic and harmful agents.
• D7 is able to promote the rapid chemical remediation of these threats by virtue of its unique ability to solubilize normally water insoluble targets and expose them to chemical oxidation directly or in the realm of a self assembled micellular structure embodied in the formula.
• D7 formula extends the technology to include both oxidation reactions and reducing reactions. Additionally, D7 incorporates the treatment for toxic industrial chemicals. It also is the first reference to a bleaching activator.
• D7 expands into the area of mold, disinfection and
• D7 expands on the chemical landscape for DF-200. Additionally it incorporates data for rates of reaction against various toxic agents. It is also an improvement of the original DF-100 relative to performance against mustard agents in regard to reaction time and specificity. In one embodiment, D7 also integrates different bleaching activators.
• SSDX-12 is designed to achieve a safe, environmentally benign, low regret physiochemical agency capable of enabling conditions favorable toward the removal or deshielding of pathogens/agents/contaminant/toxins. With the application of SSDX-12, the offending substance can be hydraulically removed or rendered hydraulically vulnerable.
• the SSDX-12 may include a cleaning composition such as a C. sub.8-22 alkyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant, a C. sub.6-12 alkyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant, a C. sub.8-18 alkyl polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty ester surfactant, and a C. sub.12-14 secondary alcohol ethoxylate surfactant.
• the C. sub.8-18 alkyl polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty ester surfactant includes from 0 to about 20 ethoxylate groups per C. sub.8-18 alkyl polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty ester surfactant molecule.
• the C. sub.8-22 alkyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant such as a C. sub.6-12 alkyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant, a C. sub.8-18 alkyl polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty ester surfactant, and a C. sub.12-14 secondary alcohol ethoxylate surfactant.
• a cleaning composition for cleaning exterior surfaces of a vehicle includes from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of a C. sub.8-16 alkyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant, from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of a C. sub.6-10 alkyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant, from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of a C. sub.10-14 alkyl polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty ester surfactant, and from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of a C.
• the C. sub.12-14 secondary alcohol ethoxylate surfactant including from about 14 to about 16 ethoxylate groups per C. sub.12-14 secondary alcohol ethoxylate surfactant molecule.
• the C. sub.10-14 alkyl polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty ester surfactant includes from 0 to about 6 ethoxylate groups per C. sub.8- 18 alkyl polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty ester surfactant molecule.
• the C. sub.12-14 secondary alcohol ethoxylate surfactant includes from about 14 to about 16 ethoxylate groups per C. sub.12-14 secondary alcohol ethoxylate surfactant molecule.
• the cleaning composition is effective to remove chemical warfare agents from the exterior surfaces of the vehicle upon application thereto.
• a method for cleaning exterior surfaces of a vehicle using the above cleaning composition may be applied.
• the method includes providing a cleaning composition, applying the cleaning composition to the exterior surfaces of the vehicle, and rinsing the exterior surfaces of the vehicle with water.
• a concrete surface may look solid from our perspective but when viewed microscopically, it can consist of a complex network of pathways. This is the same with any porous surface. Close inspection reveals a labyrinth in many cases. Delivering chemistry into this microscopic environment requires that significant surface tension forces be overcome. Surface tension is the property of a liquid that defines how it spreads out on a surface and how well it will penetrate into a surface. The proprietary formulation elements of D7 enable very low surface tension values to be obtained at a surface. These values are not equilibrium values but rather, dynamic values. A turbulent solution, made so by the effervescence of decomposing hydrogen peroxide, will continuously be refreshing itself at the leading edges of its penetration into a surface.
• transient ultra-low surface tension values enable a deeper penetration of the active chemistry embodied in D7.
• the cationic quaternary amine surfactants, coupled with the alkaline pH carbonated buffer system lay the pathway for a more effective penetrating delivery of the complex cleaning chemistry embodied in D7.
• the product behaves in ways similar to the mechanisms behind hydraulic fracturing without the high pressure pumps.
• Alkali carbonates (potassium based) interact with the predominantly
• Hydraulic channels are opened allowing delivery of the cleaning power in the form of water, peroxide, and other formulation nonionic species.
• biofilms are comprised of a secreted chemical matrix that protects pathogen colonies from intruding threats. These films have nutrient causeways, respiration causeways and transpiration causeways and their precise nature is the subject of intense inquiry.
• Embodiments of D7 describe an enhanced chemical formulation designed for the decontamination, disinfection and renewal of surfaces exposed to chemical, biological and toxic industrial contaminants and residues.
• This formula improves on prior art by expanding the efficacy spectrum, decreasing treatment time, modifying chemical properties allowing for lower effective dosage and broadening the roster of chemical agents remediated by it.
• the formulation described herein may also be applied in variable concentrations to achieve decontamination objectives (cleaning, sanitization, disinfection, high level disinfection, mold remediation, biofilm remediation, targeted decontamination).
• Embodiments of D7 aim to incremental variants designed to perform
• aspects of the invention may be formulated with a Generation 1 version of Quaternary amine (ADBAC). It is thought that broadening the type of quaternary amine may bring a benefit in either efficacy against a broader range pathogens or greater effectiveness against biofilms. Of the two, biofilm effectiveness is likely the prominent value proposition.
• ADBAC Generation 1 version of Quaternary amine
• D7 provides a simple roster of ingredients. D7 is not made of exotic ingredients. It is assembled with common, benign, readily available materials. Their combination produces a net effect greater than the simple sum of each.
• These micelles act as miniature reaction factories where toxicants react with activated oxygen species rendering them neutralized or harmless.
• D7 formulation includes:
• Adogen 477D (50% Active) 0.05 to 2.00%
• the Generation 5 surfactants and dimethyl dialkyl are generated 5 surfactants and dimethyl dialkyl
• quaternary amines present an enhanced structure to the micelles developed in the D7 formulation.
• These surfactants may modify the Gouy-Chapman-Stern layer to the point of enhanced and improved ability to more rapidly solubilize agents into the micelle body.
• the surfactants may modify the Gouy-Chapman-Stern layer that may be tied to the speed at which an agent is decontaminated, or it might be the extent of its decontamination.
• This embodiment of the invention may have different physical properties.
• the efficacy profile of this version will also be different.
• the development of the efficacy profile should be from a dilute version, perhaps a 1 to 100 dilution of the final product, up to the full version.
• the dilute version might be considered for surfaces that are already clean and devoid of biofilm presence.
• the concentrated version would be considered for circumstances where gross filth is more prevalent (live animal facilities, processing plants, high biofilm potential places).
• Various embodiments of the invention for different dilutions may enable various levels of applications in addition to those disclosed in FIG. 1.
• Pathogens toxic industrial chemicals, or other undesirable substances exist unchallenged in ambient environments except by those reactive agents common to their surroundings.
• the natural remedies for treatment of infestations include predation by organisms, hydrolysis by water, photolysis by electromagnetic radiation, absorption by the substrate and shielding of the pathogen by environmental film to name a few. If a pathogen is soluble in water, a simple rinse may suffice.
• the kinetic time frame for these actions can range from the immediate to very long periods of slow transition. Delivering reactive chemical activity in the form of oxidation or nucleophillic substitution is an effective treatment strategy well known in common practice. It is the route by which numerous agents deliver their efficacious dose.
• disinfection and decontamination agents are formulated with substances that enable the ability overcome physiochemical barriers of interfacial tension and surface energy to deliver substances to reactive proximity. Additionally, substances that are not soluble in water may not be vulnerable to reaction based on the limited exposure to reactive conditions.
• D7 is a formula which overcomes physiochemical
• This new version of the formula is an enhancement of previous versions and demonstrates a more robust and effective ability to perform decontamination/disinfection tasks. By alteration of the surfactant characteristics of the formula, we are able to show faster decontamination times and more complete defeat of protective pathogenic layers leading to better remediation results.
• D7 is a decontamination agent that delivers chemical oxidation energy in a safe, dilute form for the purpose of promoting oxidation of toxins to less harmful or totally benign breakdown products. D7 chemically treats toxins by promoting oxidation and by consequence speeding up the decontamination process.
• D7 will work to promote decontamination.
• the application of SSDX-12 before D7 enhances the net effect by enabling of the displacement of adsorbed substances.
• the ratio of 15: 1 equivalent dosage of D7 with SSDX-12 is desirable to achieve the targeted results with the right properties and effects on surface decontamination.
• BTC 8358 may be used instead of BTC 888 for Generation 5 Quaternary.
• modified Generation 5 Quaternary at about 4.0% may have desirable result in reducing foaming when the combination of D7 (with 15: 1 or 30: 1 equivalent dosage of SSDX-12 added) is applied to a given surface to treat the contaminants.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
• Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)

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