EP3740465A1 - Procede de production de monoxyde de carbone - Google Patents
Procede de production de monoxyde de carboneInfo
- Publication number
- EP3740465A1 EP3740465A1 EP19700315.5A EP19700315A EP3740465A1 EP 3740465 A1 EP3740465 A1 EP 3740465A1 EP 19700315 A EP19700315 A EP 19700315A EP 3740465 A1 EP3740465 A1 EP 3740465A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- formula
- carbon atoms
- formate
- crown
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/40—Carbon monoxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0201—Oxygen-containing compounds
- B01J31/0211—Oxygen-containing compounds with a metal-oxygen link
- B01J31/0212—Alkoxylates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0239—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0252—Nitrogen containing compounds with a metal-nitrogen link, e.g. metal amides, metal guanidides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
- B01J35/27—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a liquid or molten state
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
- C07C1/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C07C1/0485—Set-up of reactors or accessories; Multi-step processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
- C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
- C07C29/1516—Multisteps
- C07C29/1518—Multisteps one step being the formation of initial mixture of carbon oxides and hydrogen for synthesis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/49—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide
- C07C45/50—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/10—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide
- C07C51/12—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide on an oxygen-containing group in organic compounds, e.g. alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/005—General concepts, e.g. reviews, relating to methods of using catalyst systems, the concept being defined by a common method or theory, e.g. microwave heating or multiple stereoselectivity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/001—General concepts, e.g. reviews, relating to catalyst systems and methods of making them, the concept being defined by a common material or method/theory
- B01J2531/002—Materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the production of carbon monoxide using a derivative of formic acid, in particular an alkyl formate.
- It also relates to a process chosen from among the methanol production process, the process for the production of acetic acid (Monsanto and Cativa processes), the process for the hydroformylation of olefins (oxo and aldox process, the production process of hydrocarbons (Fischer-Tropsch process), or the nickel carbonylation process (Mond process), comprising a step of producing carbon monoxide employing an alkyl formate of formula (I) by the process according to the invention.
- a process chosen from among the methanol production process, the process for the production of acetic acid (Monsanto and Cativa processes), the process for the hydroformylation of olefins (oxo and aldox process, the production process of hydrocarbons (Fischer-Tropsch process), or the nickel carbonylation process (Mond process) comprising a step of producing carbon monoxide employing an alkyl formate of formula (I) by the process according to the invention.
- Fossil fuels account for more than 85% of global energy production, while organic chemical consumables (plastics, fertilizers, textiles, etc.) come from 95% of the use of oil and natural gas.
- the challenge is to develop efficient catalysts for the recycling of C0 2 and biomass waste.
- CO would be an intermediate, a convenient source of carbon to meet this challenge, the latter having for example been used by Germany during the Second World War to produce liquid fuels by the Fisher-Tropsch process.
- Carbon monoxide can be produced by partial oxidation of gaseous hydrocarbons from natural gas or by the gasification of coal or coke.
- Shell process or Texaco process use high temperatures (1000-1500 ° C) as well as high pressures (60-80 bar) leading to the production of a gas mixture, requiring purifications for the production of a pure gas.
- multiple side reactions occur due to high temperatures (Gaurav Nahar, Valerie Dupont: Hydrogen production from simple alkanes and oxygenated hydrocarbons over ceria zirconia supported catalysts: Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Band 32, 2014, S. 777-796, doi: 10.1106 / j.rser.2013.12.040).
- rWGSR reverse water gas shift reaction
- the equilibrium constant is only 0.5 at 750 ° C. requiring hard temperature conditions.
- the choice of the catalyst will then depend on this operating temperature. According to Pioneer Astronautics' experiments in Lakewood, Colorado, the best low temperature catalyst for this reaction is a mixture of copper and nickel supported on the silica. This catalyst is exclusively selective for CO (i.e., it produces only carbon monoxide) with 60% conversion of CO 2 to CO, at 350 ° C, 150 torr, and a ratio of 1 ⁇ 4 C0 2 / H 2 reactor feed (Whitlow, Jonathan E., Parish (2003), "Operation, Modeling and Analysis of the Reverse Water Gas Shift Process", 10.1063 / 1.1541409).
- the SM process utilizes ZnO-Al catalysts at 600 ° C or ZnO-Cr catalysts for temperatures above 600 ° C (Park, S.W., Joo, O.S., Jung, K.D. Kim, H., & Han, S.H., 2000, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 17 (6), 719-722, https://doi.org/l0.l007/BF02699l23).
- the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 consists in reacting CO 2 with several electrons and protons to produce synthetic hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds.
- Two technologies can be cited: High temperature electrolysis: co-electrolysis of C0 2 and water. Water and C0 2 are co-electrolyzed at high temperature (700-800 ° C) to produce syngas (CO + H 2 ) which catalytically results in hydrocarbons or alcohols. This system uses both electrical energy and heat to reduce the C0 2 molecule.
- Electrolysis at room temperature (20 to 25 ° C) in electro-catalytic cells the electrons are supplied by electrical energy, usually from solar panels or other renewable energies, and hydrogen ions by a chemical element (HCl, for example) or hydrogen gas directly.
- electrical energy usually from solar panels or other renewable energies
- hydrogen ions by a chemical element (HCl, for example) or hydrogen gas directly.
- a major industrial source of CO is the "producer gas" in English, which results from the combustion of coal at high temperatures. 31 can be obtained, for example, in an oven, in which the air passes through a bed of coal. The initially produced C0 2 equilibrates with the remaining hot carbon to give CO. The reaction of CO 2 with carbon to give CO is described as the Boudouard reaction.
- CO is the predominant product.
- Another industrial source of CO is the "activation of carbon” or “steam activation of carbon” process, which is an endothermic reaction between water vapor and carbon at about 1000 ° C:
- the reduction process can be favored by heating, exploiting the positive entropy of the reaction.
- the Ellingham diagram shows that CO formation is favored over C0 2 at high temperature.
- Carbon monoxide can be produced by dehydration of formic acid with concentrated sulfuric acid.
- the reaction is stoichiometric and employs a strong concentrated acid (Emest R. Schierz J. Am Chem., Soc., 1923, 45 (2), pp 447-455, DOI: 10, 1021 / ja01655a021). * A homogeneous mixture of powdered zinc and calcium carbonate heated to
- Methane iodide and silver nitrate can react in water to form
- Fleischer describes a recyclable CO equivalent from a well-chosen amine using a formylation reaction in the presence of C0 2 .
- CO is liberated at room temperature in DMF in the presence of a base in stoichiometric amount, generally carbonate (Gehrtz P, Hirschbeck V, Fleischer I, Chem., 2015, vol: 51 (63), pp. : 12574-12577).
- Carbon monoxide can be produced by the decarbonylation of alkyl formates by a metal catalyst (copper, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium), such as Doyle's methods in 1981, Alper in 1987, Leismann in 1989, and Mortreux in 1992. In these processes the temperatures are above 100 ° C (Doyle G, Exxon Research and Engeneering Co., 1981, pp: 1-4); Zahalka H, Alper H, Tetrahedron Letters, 1987, vol: 28 (20), pp: 2215-2216). Disadvantages: Use of metals for decarbonylation as well as temperature of the order of 100 ° C.
- a metal catalyst copper, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium
- Carbon monoxide can be produced by the decarbonylation of alkyl formates by an organic catalyst. This is described in a 1984 patent with guanidines with reaction temperatures between 140 ° C and 150 ° C in the absence of solvent (EP0115387B1, 1984 pp: 1-4).
- Carbon monoxide can still be produced with amines and phosphines as a catalyst at 190 ° C without solvent, as published by Abbayes in 1993 (Vega F, Clement J, Abbey H, Tetrahedron Letters, 1993, vol .: 34 (50), pp: 8117-8118).
- Mortreux proposed to use the alkyl formate system, sodium alkoxide in the presence of palladium in DCM in order to use formate as a carbonylation agent for alkyl halides. It uses 1.4 equivalents of alcoholate and heats up to at least 40 ° C in the presence of palladium (Carpentier J, Castanet Y, Brocard J, Mortreux A, Small F, Tetrahedron Letters, 1991, vol: 32 (36), pp : 4705-4708).
- Wu uses an aromatic triformate (TFBen) synthesized from formic acid that is used in situ in the presence of a complex of palladium and triethylamine at 100 ° C to carbonylate a halogenide.
- TFBen aromatic triformate
- Methyl formate is industrially produced by the carbonylation of methanol by carbon monoxide in the presence of a strong base, such as sodium methanoate (US 4216339):
- This method gives a selectivity of 96% with respect to methyl formate.
- the catalyst of this process is sensitive to water, which may be present in carbon monoxide, which is commonly derived from synthesis gas. Carbon monoxide must be dry.
- CO carbon monoxide
- Group IIA alkaline earth metals from the Periodic Table of Elements (such as magnesium and calcium); Group III A metals, namely, aluminum, gallium, indium and thallium;
- transition metals from Group IB to VIIIB of the Periodic Table of the Elements such as nickel, iron, cobalt, zinc, copper, rhodium, ruthenium, platinum, palladium, iridium;
- rare earths whose atomic number is between 57 and 71 (such as lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium); or
- the present invention is specifically intended to meet these needs by providing a process for the production of carbon monoxide (CO) in which an alkyl formate of formula (I)
- R is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- a catalyst selected from: alcoholates having a pKa> 15 in water, or a pKa > 27 in acetonitrile or DMSO; or
- the contacting takes place in a mixture of at least two polar and aprotic solvents at a temperature below 35 ° C., preferably at a temperature of less than or equal to at 30 ° C.
- alkyl formate of formula (I) makes it possible to serve as a liquid storage medium, rich in CO and a sustainable source of carbon monoxide (CO).
- Finding effective catalysts for the conversion of alkyl formate to CO that are inexpensive and / or low in toxicity and which allow gentle transformation has been found to be a technical challenge not obvious.
- the process of the invention can be an interesting alternative to conventional processes for obtaining CO, for example the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, the reaction of the gas with reverse water (or "reverse water gas shift reaction", or rWGSR), coal combustion, stoichiometric reaction of formic acid with sulfuric acid or the various chemical reactions involving binding reaction conditions.
- rWGSR reverse water gas shift reaction
- coal combustion stoichiometric reaction of formic acid with sulfuric acid or the various chemical reactions involving binding reaction conditions.
- the process of the invention uses a catalytic regime (catalytic charge of 0.1 to 10%) and a percentage of CO in the molecule of 46.7% when using methyl formate (37.8% for the formate d ethyl, 31.8% for n-propyl formate, 27.5% for tert-butyl formate) far superior to other substitutes for CO other than methyl formate.
- methyl formate 37.8% for the formate d ethyl, 31.8% for n-propyl formate, 27.5% for tert-butyl formate
- the process of the invention releases gaseous CO that can be easily used in various processes using gaseous CO.
- the process of the invention makes it possible to produce carbon monoxide with a catalyst belonging to the family of strong bases (pKa> 15 in water, or pKa> 27 in acetonitrile or DMSO) and easily accessible.
- a catalyst belonging to the family of strong bases pKa> 15 in water, or pKa> 27 in acetonitrile or DMSO
- the use of catalysts based on noble or expensive metals or with expensive ligands is no longer necessary.
- toxic catalyst such as, for example, a source of fluoride is avoided.
- the catalysts used in the process of the invention have the advantage of overcoming the toxicity problems generally observed for metal catalysts as well as cost problems associated with the use of precious metals.
- the catalyst used does not contain:
- Group IIIA metals selected from aluminum, gallium, indium and thallium.
- transition metals of Group IB to VIIIB of the Periodic Table of the Elements selected from nickel, iron, cobalt, zinc, copper, rhodium, ruthenium, platinum, palladium and iridium;
- rare earths whose atomic number is between 57 and 71 chosen from lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium); or - Actinides whose atomic number is between 89 and 103 selected from thorium and G uranium.
- catalyst within the meaning of the invention is meant a compound capable of modifying, in particular by increasing, the speed of the chemical reaction in which it participates, and which is regenerated at the end of the reaction.
- This definition encompasses both catalysts, that is, compounds that exert their catalytic activity without the need for any modification or conversion, and compounds (also referred to as "pre-catalysts") that are introduced into the process. reaction medium and which are converted into a catalyst.
- alkyl means a linear, branched or cyclic, saturated, optionally substituted carbon radical comprising 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl may include, for example, 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- saturated alkyl linear or branched, there may be mentioned for example the methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecanyl and their branched isomers.
- cyclic alkyl there may be mentioned cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, bicylco [2,1,1] hexyl, bicyclo [2,2,1] heptyl radicals.
- alkenyl or “alkynyl” is meant a linear, branched or cyclic unsaturated carbon radical, optionally substituted, said unsaturated carbon radical comprising 2 to 12 carbon atoms comprising at least one double (alkenyl) or a triple bond (alkynyl) .
- Alkenyl or alkynyl may include, for example, 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Unsaturated cyclic alkenyls include, for example, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl.
- alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl group within the meaning of the invention, may be optionally substituted by one or more hydroxyl groups; one or more alkoxy groups; one or more halogen atoms selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms; one or more nitro groups (-NO 2 ); one or more radical (ux) polystyrene; one or more nitrile groups (-CN); one or more aryl groups, with the alkoxy and aryl groups as defined in the context of the present invention.
- aryl generally refers to a cyclic aromatic substituent having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms. The aryl may comprise, for example, from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group may be mono- or polycyclic. As an indication, mention may be made of phenyl, benzyl and naphthyl groups.
- the aryl group may be optionally substituted by one or more hydroxyl groups, one or more alkoxy groups, one or more halogen atoms selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms, one or more nitro groups (-NO 2 ) one or more nitrile groups (-CN), one or more alkyl groups, one or more radicals (ux) polystyrene; with the alkoxy and alkyl groups as defined in the context of the present invention.
- alkoxy means an alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl group, as defined above, bonded through an oxygen atom (-O-alkyl, O-alkenyl, O-alkynyl).
- halogen atom is meant an atom chosen from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms.
- additive means a compound capable of improving the solubility and reactivity of the reagents for the transformation of formates.
- the alkyl formate is of formula (I)
- R is alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, said alkyl may be optionally substituted with a substituent as defined above.
- R is an alkyl comprising 1 to 8 carbon atoms, said alkyl possibly being substituted by a substituent as defined above.
- R is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl.
- R is methyl, ethyl, propyl and -butyl.
- the process of the invention involves a catalyst in the family of strong bases, i.e. a catalyst which may be an alcoholate having a pKa ⁇ 15 in water; or a pKa> 27 in acetonitrile or DMSO or a nitrogen base having pKa> 15 in water; or a pKa> 27 in acetonitrile or DMSO.
- a catalyst in the family of strong bases, i.e. a catalyst which may be an alcoholate having a pKa ⁇ 15 in water; or a pKa> 27 in acetonitrile or DMSO or a nitrogen base having pKa> 15 in water; or a pKa> 27 in acetonitrile or DMSO.
- the catalyst is an alcoholate of formula (II)
- R ' is an alkyl comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl comprising 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkynyl comprising 2 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl comprising 6 to 10 carbon atoms;
- M is an alkali metal selected from Li, Na, K, Cs or Rb; or
- M is a quaternary ammonium of formula (III)
- R 1, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl comprising 6 to 10 carbon atoms; said alkyl and aryl being optionally substituted.
- R ' is an alkyl comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl may be selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl.
- said alkali metal is preferably Li, Na, K or Rb.
- the alkoxide is selected from C33 ⁇ 4-OLi, CHa-ONa, CH 3 -OK, CH 3 -ORb, CH 3 CH 2 -OK, or / Bu-OK.
- R 1, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl comprising 6 to 10 carbon atoms, said aryl being optionally substituted in particular by one or more radical (ux) polystyrene.
- the catalysts of formula (II), in which M is a quaternary ammonium of formula (III), may optionally be supported.
- the active phase is then grafted onto a support, for example a polymer support.
- M is a quaternary ammonium of formula (III)
- said quaternary ammonium is preferably (C 6 H 5 CH 2 ) (CH 3 ) 3 N + , or polystyrene- (C 6 H 4 CH 2 ) (CH 3 ) 3 N +, the latter being the supported form of benzyletriméthylammonium.
- M is a quaternary ammonium alcoholate is selected from CH 3 -0 (C l3 ⁇ 4CH 2 ) (CH) N + , or CH 3 -O polystyrene-
- benzyltrimethylammonium methanolates can be prepared according to the procedure described in Org. Synth. 1958, 38, 5 DOI: 10 .l5227 / orgsyn.038.0005 according to the reaction of FIG.
- the supported version of benzyltrimethylammonium methanolates in particular CH 3 -0 polystyrene- (C 6 H 5 CH 2 ) (CH 3 ) 3 N + may also be prepared according to the procedure described in Org. Synth. 1958, 38, 5 DOI: 10.15227 / orgsyn.038.0005.
- the commercial product in which the polymer is already grafted with ammonium is advantageously used.
- the catalyst is a nitrogenous base having a pKa> 15 in water; or a pKa> 27 in acetonitrile or DMSO.
- the catalyst is preferably an alkaline bicyclic guanidinate selected from bicyclic guanidinates of sodium or potassium, especially the sodium or potassium salt of the anion of 1,3,4,6 7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido [1,2-ajpyrimidine (or Hhpp); or an alkali metal amide substituted with alkyls comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms, especially the lithium, sodium or potassium salt of dimethylamide, diethylamide, or diisopropylamide.
- the method of the invention may, in addition, implement at least one additive.
- the additive whose role is to improve the solubility and reactivity of the reactants for the transformation of formates, can be chosen, for example, from among
- crown ethers chosen from 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, 18-crown-6, dibenzo- 18-crown-6, benzo-18-crown-6, benzo-15- crown-5, or dibenzo- 15-crown-5;
- aza-rings selected from 1, 4,7, 10-tetraazacyclodoecane (cyclene), 1, 4,7, 10, 13, 16-hexaazacyclooctadecane (hexacyclene), or diaza-18-crown-6;
- crown thioethers selected from 1,5,9,13-tetrathiacyclohexadecane (16-Ane-S 4 ), or 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexathiacyclooctadecane (18-Ane-S 6 ); or
- CO carbon monoxide
- the solvent is preferably selected from
- ethers chosen from diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran (THF);
- N N-dimethylformamide
- pyridine N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- NMP 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- ketones chosen from acetone or butan-2-one; or
- sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).
- the temperature of the production of carbon monoxide (CO) according to the process of the invention in which an alkyl formate of formula (I) is used is less than or equal to 30 ° C.
- the temperature is between 10 and 30, more preferably between 15 and 30 ° C inclusive.
- the conversion of the alkyl formate of formula (I) to CO generates a gas pressure resulting from the formation of carbon monoxide.
- the reaction can then take place under pressure of carbon monoxide (closed system), or under atmospheric pressure (1 bar or 10 5 Pa) of inert gases (N 2 and / or argon), for example, in a burette ( open system).
- inert gases N 2 and / or argon
- the production of carbon monoxide (CO) employing an alkyl formate preferably occurs in an inert atmosphere under a pressure of dinitrogen (N 2 ), argon or a mixture of these gases.
- the duration of the reaction depends on the conversion rate of the alkyl formate of formula (I).
- the reaction is advantageously maintained until the total conversion of the alkyl formate to CO.
- the duration of the reaction may be from 1 minutes to 200 hours, preferably from 5 minutes to 48 hours, more preferably from 15 minutes to 4 hours, limits included.
- the amount of catalyst used in the process of the invention is from 0.1 to 10 mol%, preferably from 2 to 5 mol%, inclusive, with respect to the alkyl formate of formula (I).
- the amount of additive is from 0.1 to 10 mol%, preferably from 2 to 5 mol%, inclusive, with respect to the alkyl formate of formula
- the alkyl formate of formula (I) can be obtained by the esterification of formic acid with an alcohol of formula ROH in which R is alkyl comprising 1 to 12 carbon atoms, in order to obtain the corresponding formate, for example by simple distillation. Distillation is possible and effective as long as there are no azeotropes between reagents, products and solvent and the following inequalities on boiling temperatures are satisfied:
- Teb (formate) Teb (formic acid) ⁇
- Formic acid in turn, can be obtained by the conventional industrial process, by hydrogenation or by electro-reduction at 2e of C0 2 (step (i)).
- the formation of formic acid can advantageously be carried out by reducing the C0 2 to 2e, preferably carried out according to the most selective and effective methods known to date.
- the catalytic hydrogenation of C0 2 can be carried out according to the protocol of Laurenczy et al (S. Moret, PJ Dyson, G. Laurenczy, Nat., 2014, 5, 1-7), making it possible to recover up to 1.9 M formic acid in DMSO.
- electro-reduction at 2e of C0 2 it can be conducted, for example, according to the conditions of Shibata et al. (N.
- step (i) may then be used in the next step (ii) which is the preparation of the alkyl formate of formula (I).
- Step (ii) consists in reacting:
- the formic acid obtained in the first step either directly in the same reaction medium or after having treated the catalyst by eliminating it or separating it from the reaction medium or, by deactivating it in the reaction medium;
- reaction medium is surmounted by a distillation apparatus (preferably with a Vigreux column) and heated to a temperature allowing the selective distillation of the target formate (for example between 62 ° C and 80 ° C for methyl formate):
- step (iii) The alkyl formate of formula (I) from step (ii) is then brought into contact with a catalyst as defined above, in a solvent chosen from those mentioned above, at a temperature of less than or equal to 40 ° C. (step (iii)).
- Figure 1 shows steps (i) to (iii) leading to the production of carbonyl by the method of the invention.
- Formic acid and alkyl formate are liquid under normal conditions of temperature and pressure (18 to 25 ° C and pressure lbar or 10 5 Pa), which makes it easy to transport with costs and therefore risks lower than the transport of gas such as hydrogen. This is particularly interesting when the production of formic acid and the decarbonylation of alkyl formate are carried out in two distinct places.
- Formic acid is non-toxic in dilute solution (concentration below 85% by mass in water) and is in fact a benign reagent.
- alkyl formates eg methyl or ethyl formate
- Most alkyl formates are non-toxic and therefore can be considered as benign reagents.
- the production of CO is catalyzed with a catalyst comprising an abundant alkali metal on the earth, unlike the catalysts of the state of the art which use metals having a low abundance, a high cost. and problematic toxicity.
- the catalysts used are commercial, or readily prepared by those skilled in the art from commercial and inexpensive reagents.
- metals such as those of the state of the art are used, the ligands used to stabilize them are expensive and their preparation usually requires multiple synthetic steps.
- step (i) there is compatibility between the steps (i) and (ii) described above when the catalytic hydrogenation is chosen as a CO 2 reduction process, and these two reactions can thus be carried out subsequently when the solvent used in step (i) is compatible with step (ii).
- the medium used is aqueous which is also compatible with step (ii).
- distillation is an effective method of purifying alkyl formate.
- alkyl formate there is no azeotrope especially between methyl formate, water and methanol.
- Distillation gives the anhydrous methyl formate (possibly with 0 to 15 mol% MeOH as impurity).
- the impurity can be characterized by analysis quantitative 1H NMR.
- the process of the invention can be used in all industrial processes and at the laboratory scale requiring pure carbon monoxide.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a process chosen from
- Nickel carbonylation process comprising a step of producing carbon monoxide employing an alkyl formate of formula (I) by the process according to the invention.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a "CO pump” or “liquid CO storage” process comprising a step of producing carbon monoxide using an alkyl formate of formula (I) according to the process of the invention.
- the invention as shown in FIG. 2. More particularly, the "CO pump” or “liquid CO storage” process is characterized in that it comprises
- step (A) the formation of G alkylformate of formula (I) by carbonylation of an alcohol of formula ROH, with R representing an alkyl comprising 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl, can be carried out following the industrial process described in US 4216339.
- FIG 1 shows steps (i) to (iii) which result in the production of carbonyl by the process of the invention.
- FIG. 2 represents the process of "CO pump” or “liquid CO storage” comprising a step of producing carbon monoxide employing an alkyl formate of formula (I) according to the process of the invention.
- FIG. 3 represents the reaction allowing the preparation of benzyltrimethylammonium methanolates CH 3 -O (CH CH 2 ) (CH 3 ) N + according to the procedure described in Org. Synth. 1958, 38, 5 DOI: 10. l5227 / orgsyn.038.0005.
- FIG. 4 represents the reaction allowing the preparation of the supported version of benzyltrimethylammonium methanolates, especially CH 3 -0 polystyrene- (C 6 H 4 CH 2 ) (CH 3 ) 3 N + according to the procedure described in Org. Synth. 1958, 38, 5 DOI: l0.l5227 / orgsyn.038.0005.
- carbon monoxide has been characterized by:
- reagents, catalysts, additives, solvents used are either commercial or prepared according to the reference indicated:
- Methyl formate Acros organics 500 mL 97% CAS: 107-31-3
- MeONa Sigma Aldrich 100G 95% CAS: 124-41-4
- MeORb Preparation according to the method described by S. I. Drakin, R.K. Kurmalieva, M. K. Karapet'yants, Teoreticheskaya i Eksperi mental 'naya Khimiya, 1966, Vol 2, pp. 40-44 Khpp: Preparation according to: M. P. Coles, P. B. Hitchcock, Aust. J. Chem., 2013, 66, 1124-1130.
- Nahpp Preparation according to: A. A. Mohamed, A. Mayer, P. E. Abdou, D. Irwin, L.
- Khpp Preparation according to: Mr. P. Coles, P. B. Hitchcock, Aust. J. Chem., 2013, 66, 1124-1130.
- the flask is then heated to a temperature selected according to the formate to allow continuous clean distillation of the formate.
- the calculated yield is the ratio of the number of moles of methyl formate recovered relative to the number of moles of formic acid introduced introduced corrected by the purity observed by 1 H NMR analysis.
- the catalyst, the alkyl formate, the solvent, and optionally an additive are introduced into a Schlenk tube which is then sealed by J. Young tap.
- the order of introduction of the reagents requires that either the catalyst or the formate be put in last.
- the Schlenk tube is then stirred at a temperature between 15 and 30 ° C.
- KHpp 1, 3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido [1,2-a] pyrimidine, potassium salt.
- the conversion percentage is calculated by NMR analysis : H of the reaction crude, indirectly by integration of the alcohol G signal formed at the same time as the CO, relative to the alkyl formate introduced.
- the catalyst, the solvent, optionally an additive are introduced into a reaction flask provided with an isobaric dropping funnel.
- the order of introduction of the reagents does not matter.
- the flask is then stirred at room temperature (about 19 ° C) recovering carbon monoxide through a third neck.
- the catalyst, the alkyl formate, the solvent, and optionally an additive are introduced into a Schlenk tube which is then sealed by a J. Young tap.
- the order of introduction of the reagents requires that either the catalyst or the formate be put in last.
- the Schlenk tube is then stirred at a temperature between 15 and 30 ° C.
- the conversion percentage is calculated by NMR analysis of the reaction crude, indirectly by integration of the alcohol G signal formed at the same time as the CO, relative to the alkyl formate introduced.
- PS polystyrene radical
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1850366A FR3076831B1 (fr) | 2018-01-17 | 2018-01-17 | Procede de production de monoxyde de carbone |
| PCT/EP2019/050838 WO2019141634A1 (fr) | 2018-01-17 | 2019-01-14 | Procede de production de monoxyde de carbone |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3740465A1 true EP3740465A1 (fr) | 2020-11-25 |
Family
ID=61873539
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19700315.5A Pending EP3740465A1 (fr) | 2018-01-17 | 2019-01-14 | Procede de production de monoxyde de carbone |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11591225B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3740465A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3076831B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019141634A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4837244B1 (fr) * | 1969-08-14 | 1973-11-09 | ||
| US3716619A (en) * | 1971-03-19 | 1973-02-13 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Process for recovering carbon monoxide from fuel gas |
| GB1511961A (en) | 1976-03-12 | 1978-05-24 | Ucb Sa | Process for the production of methyl formate |
| GB8301464D0 (en) * | 1983-01-19 | 1983-02-23 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Decarbonylation process |
| FR3043401B1 (fr) * | 2015-11-10 | 2019-11-08 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Procede de production de methanol |
-
2018
- 2018-01-17 FR FR1850366A patent/FR3076831B1/fr active Active
-
2019
- 2019-01-14 EP EP19700315.5A patent/EP3740465A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-01-14 WO PCT/EP2019/050838 patent/WO2019141634A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2019-01-14 US US16/963,190 patent/US11591225B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2019141634A1 (fr) | 2019-07-25 |
| US20210188650A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
| US11591225B2 (en) | 2023-02-28 |
| FR3076831A1 (fr) | 2019-07-19 |
| FR3076831B1 (fr) | 2020-12-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2186787A1 (fr) | Hydrogénation d'acide éthanoïque pour produire de l'éthanol | |
| WO2009077725A1 (fr) | Procédé permettant de produire de l'éthanol à partir d'une charge d'alimentation carbonée | |
| US20110092747A1 (en) | Practical Method for Reducing Esters or Lactones | |
| WO2012105431A1 (fr) | PROCÉDÉ DE PRODUCTION DE β-FLUOROALCOOL | |
| EP2683685B1 (fr) | Procede de preparation du difluoroacetonitrile et de ses derives | |
| EP3033322A2 (fr) | Catalyseur métallique supporté et son utilisation pour l'oxydation sélective du glycérol | |
| EP3374363B1 (fr) | Procédé de préparation de méthoxyboranes et de production de méthanol | |
| WO2014016491A1 (fr) | Synthese de methyl propane diol a partir d'alcool allylique | |
| WO2019141634A1 (fr) | Procede de production de monoxyde de carbone | |
| EP3374364B1 (fr) | Utilisation de formiates de bore pour la reduction de fonctions organiques insaturees | |
| EP2616452A1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication de dioxolane | |
| BE897893A (fr) | Preparation d'acides carboxyliques | |
| FR2480743A1 (fr) | Procede de preparation de composes oxygenes | |
| Starodubtseva et al. | The role of protic solvent in asymmetric hydrogenation of methyl levulinate in the presence of a ruthenium-containing catalyst | |
| CN101875604B (zh) | 一种液相部分氧化甲烷的方法 | |
| FR2546514A1 (fr) | Procede et systeme pour la production d'ethanol | |
| FR2894958A1 (fr) | Procede de preparation de difluoroethanol | |
| JP5371545B2 (ja) | ナフタレン誘導体の製造方法 | |
| CA2919659C (fr) | Conversion d'alcanes en composes organiques du selenium et du tellure | |
| CN121249416A (zh) | 一种绿色甲醇燃料及其制备方法 | |
| FR3070974A1 (fr) | Nouveau procede de stockage de l'hydrogene | |
| JP2011190216A (ja) | (トリフルオロメチル)アルキルケトンの製造方法 | |
| FR3152510A1 (fr) | Procede de preparation d’hydroboranes par hydrogenolyse des (pseudo-)halo-boranes | |
| Loges | Hydrogen generation from renewable resources | |
| Handbook | Don’t forget to order your 2012–2014 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20200810 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
| DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20240130 |
|
| RAP3 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIESALTERNATIVES |