EP3737901B1 - Kalttiegel und zugehöriger kühlverteiler für eine induktionsheizvorrichtung - Google Patents

Kalttiegel und zugehöriger kühlverteiler für eine induktionsheizvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3737901B1
EP3737901B1 EP19700015.1A EP19700015A EP3737901B1 EP 3737901 B1 EP3737901 B1 EP 3737901B1 EP 19700015 A EP19700015 A EP 19700015A EP 3737901 B1 EP3737901 B1 EP 3737901B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crucible
channel
manifold
partition
coolant
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EP19700015.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3737901A1 (de
Inventor
Richard HAETTEL
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B14/061—Induction furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/10—Crucibles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B2014/0837—Cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/10—Crucibles
    • F27B2014/108—Cold crucibles (transparent to electromagnetic radiations)

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cold crucible for an induction heating device for heating and melting materials such as metals.
  • the crucible comprises a crucible body which has the general shape of a tube or of a test piece, the peripheral partition of which comprises several sections in the form of arcs of a circle separated from each other by an air gap. .
  • Each section contains a cooling pipe circulating a cooling liquid in order to cool the crucible in operation.
  • the present invention also relates to a cooling manifold which, in operation, is connected to the crucible body and which makes it possible to distribute the cooling liquid in the various pipes.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the crucible.
  • the field of the invention is in particular that of metallurgy and foundry.
  • a known method is to use an induction heating device, formed of electrical conductors which surround a so-called “cold” crucible, in which the material or materials to be heated, called “the load”, are placed.
  • the device comprises an induction coil, surrounding the crucible, in order to generate a magnetic field inside the crucible and thus heat the charge by induction.
  • the crucible is cooled to evacuate the heat coming from the load and the Joule effect of the current induced in it.
  • the crucible has the general shape of a tube so that it comprises a peripheral partition forming an envelope.
  • the partition is cut longitudinally so that the crucible is formed of several sections in the form of sectors, along the majority of the length of the crucible; the partition being arranged in a continuity of material at one end of the crucible.
  • This sectorization of the crucible is necessary in order to electrically isolate the sections from each other, to induce eddy currents in the charge and to prevent the field magnetic field supplied by the inductor is shielded by the crucible.
  • the device also comprises a cooling manifold, or water box, distributing cooling water to pipes arranged in the peripheral partition of the crucible. Pipes are also connected by brazing to the crucible and to the cooling manifold.
  • solders tend to deteriorate over time, which results in a potential source of contamination for the charge contained in the crucible, significant sealing defects and therefore a limited service life.
  • the document EP0398821 proposes brazing cooling tubes on a perforated ring, said ring comprising openings distributed around its circumference, for the flow of water between a water collector and the crucible. These openings are distributed over two different circles: a circle formed by the inlet openings, and another circle formed by the outlet openings.
  • a cooling passage is arranged in each sector of the crucible to respectively receive a tube, which separates the input circuit from the output circuit. This embodiment therefore makes it possible to reduce the number of solders but does not solve the problem of leaks.
  • An object of the invention is to remedy all or part of the drawbacks of the state of the art.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a cold crucible heating device limiting the problems of service life and leaks. It also aims to provide a device facilitating maintenance compared to known devices. It also aims to propose operational manufacturing conditions to produce materials of high purity. Finally, it aims to facilitate the use of a heating device in a cold crucible.
  • Each sector comprises at least two coolant paths: a so-called “go” path and a so-called “return” path of the coolant.
  • the coolant paths of each sector are formed by the at least one coolant channel. Said paths open into the annular distribution region so that said region has, for each sector, a so-called “inlet” orifice and a so-called “outlet” orifice, the orifices being spaced apart from each other along in a radial direction of the crucible.
  • the assembly thus forms along the periphery of the annular distribution region two distinct concentric regions around the longitudinal axis of the crucible, one of which communicates only with the outward path of the channels and the other communicates only with the return path of the canals.
  • the crucible body is intended to be removably assembled with a coolant manifold via the connection ring, the manifold comprising coolant distribution elements connecting to the coolant channels, from the made of this assembly, to circulate said liquid between the collector and the channels.
  • the crucible body has a one-piece structure composed of one and the same material having a continuity of material over at least two sectors.
  • the cold crucible according to the invention allows easier use, compared to the crucible of the prior art, by limiting or even eliminating the brazing operations carried out on the crucible and by allowing a connection with a collector without angular indexing during the coupling or keying system. Consequently, the crucible according to the invention limits or even eliminates leaks and offers an increased service life. Maintenance is also facilitated compared to known devices.
  • the term "longitudinal” is understood to mean a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the crucible body, plus or minus 15 angular degrees. This axis is generally vertical when the crucible is in the position of use and provided for vertical introduction or extraction. It typically corresponds to the center of the tubular casing, and/or of the induction winding which surrounds the crucible.
  • each channel comprises an added channel partition inserted longitudinally into said channel.
  • the partition forms a sealed or substantially sealed longitudinal contact with at least two distinct regions of the peripheral wall of said channel, so as to define the outward path and the return path on either side of said partition and extending longitudinally to the within the same channel.
  • the added partition makes it possible to form two coolant paths simply and in a reduced space.
  • the partition is for example made of epoxy glass fabric or of fiberglass composite.
  • each channel partition has a flat shape. Its cross section is substantially linear and rectilinear in a single direction. According to another embodiment, each channel partition has a two-dimensional shape. By two-dimensional is meant a shape whose cross-section is not rectilinear, for example curved, or comprising at least one element of non-zero thickness on one face of the partition.
  • Each channel partition is arranged in its channel so that an imaginary geometric plane included in the thickness of the partition is substantially tangential to an imaginary cylinder of revolution concentric with the crucible.
  • This characteristic makes it possible to form in the connection zone of the connection ring two distinct concentric regions around the longitudinal axis of the crucible, one of which communicates only with the forward path of the channels and the other communicates only with the return path. channels.
  • the connection between the collector and the crucible can be made without indexing.
  • each channel partition has a length substantially equal to or less than the length of the channels, and is intended to be inserted into a channel leaving a non-zero gap between the bottom of the channel and the said longitudinal end of passage of the channel partition. In this way the coolant can pass from the forward path to the return path.
  • each channel partition has a length at least equal to 75% of the length of a channel.
  • each channel comprises in its wall two separate grooves arranged and configured to receive and position each partition in said channel.
  • This characteristic allows the channel partitions to be reliably held in position, and allows them to be guided in said channel, improving the reliability of the cooling of the crucible.
  • the crucible body is intended to be removably assembled with a cooling manifold via the connection ring, the manifold comprising cooling liquid distribution elements that can be connected to the cooling liquid channels to circulate said liquid.
  • said crucible body has a one-piece structure composed of one and the same material having a continuity of material over at least two sectors.
  • the cold crucible allows easier use, compared to the crucible of the prior art, by limiting, or even eliminating, the brazing operations carried out on the crucible. Consequently, the crucible according to the invention limits or even eliminates leaks and offers an increased service life. Maintenance is also facilitated compared to known devices.
  • the crucible is formed by several one-piece elements, each comprising several sectors formed in the same part.
  • These one-piece multi-sector elements each form an angular portion of the crucible and are assembled together by removable mechanical means, for example individual screws or a common flange holding them all against the cooling manifold.
  • removable mechanical means for example individual screws or a common flange holding them all against the cooling manifold.
  • the crucible body has a one-piece structure composed of one and the same material having a continuity of material between the connection ring, the sectors of the casing and the channels.
  • This characteristic has the advantage of further improving the mechanical strength of the crucible and of preserving the geometry of the crucible body during its use.
  • This parameter makes it possible to have a more homogeneous electromagnetic field and therefore a more homogeneous heating of the load.
  • a better stability of the weld metal pool is obtained. This stability is particularly important when it comes to manufacturing an alloy and letting dissolve, by diffusion in the liquid, each of the constituent elements of the alloy. If the instability of the bath of molten metal becomes too great, the liquid metal is thrown against the walls of the crucible and immediately solidifies, which prevents its homogenization.
  • the body of the crucible is made of an electrically conductive and heat conductive material.
  • the body of the crucible is made of copper made by work hardening.
  • the brazing operation on the crucible causes the annealing of the copper, which makes the crucible malleable. Without brazing performed on the copper crucible body according to the invention, the latter does not undergo annealing and thus remains rigid (without deformation).
  • copper has very good thermal conductivity, which allows cooling by conduction from the cooling channels to the ends of the sectors.
  • the crucible body could be stainless steel.
  • connection ring comprises on its periphery a crucible thread arranged to allow assembly by screwing so that a cooling manifold, provided with a collector which is complementary to it, can be screwed onto the crucible or vice versa.
  • the crucible body comprises a one-piece element, forming several sectors which are all separated from each other by longitudinal cutouts as far as their distal end and over their entire length except in the region of the connection ring, called the proximal region.
  • each sector thus delimited comprises only one cooling channel.
  • This cooling channel forms a blind hole, that is to say with only one end emerging longitudinally, which blind hole is separated into two longitudinal paths by an added partition which is inserted via this emerging end.
  • a single one-piece element forms all the sectors, and thus constitutes the entire envelope of the crucible body.
  • distal end means an end located near the bottom of the crucible body
  • proximal end means an end located near the connection ring of the crucible.
  • the collector is characterized in that it has two collector cavities which are substantially circular and are arranged on the same face coming opposite the connecting ring, the collector cavities being offset in a radial direction by relative to the axis of the collector so that each collector cavity is located above a single orifice of each channel once the collector and the crucible are assembled.
  • the cooling collector according to the invention allows easier use, compared to the collector of the prior art, by allowing a connection with a collector without indexing. Consequently, the collector according to the invention limits or even eliminates leaks and offers an increased service life. Maintenance is also facilitated compared to known devices.
  • the two cavities are arranged so as to produce an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber which can be connected to a cooling liquid circulation circuit.
  • the manifold comprises a circular manifold partition separating said two manifold cavities.
  • a single manifold partition separates said two manifold cavities, which makes it possible to limit the bulk and facilitate assembly with respect to the crucible body.
  • said manifold partition bears against so-called sealing ends of the channel partitions.
  • the collector partition has a cone shape.
  • the collector comprises, around the collector cavities, a collector thread arranged to allow assembly by screwing so that a crucible body also comprising a complementary crucible thread can be screwed onto the collector or vice versa .
  • This characteristic makes it very easy to connect the cooling manifold to a body of the crucible.
  • the cooling manifold is made of stainless steel.
  • an induction heating device comprising a cold crucible body according to all or part of the first aspect or all or part of the second aspect and a cooling manifold according to all or part of third aspect of the invention. According to this fourth aspect, they are arranged so that, when they are assembled together, the coolant distribution elements of the collector are connected to the coolant channels of the crucible body
  • the manufacturing method according to the invention makes it possible to produce a crucible body offering operational manufacturing conditions allowing the production of materials of high purity.
  • the Cu-C2 grade is the preferred grade because it is the purest and the least outgassing, and is particularly suitable for use under ultra-high vacuum.
  • the channels are preferably made with a deep drilling machine.
  • the bores must be particularly careful in order to respect a deviation from the axis of 0.1 millimeter maximum for a depth of 100 millimeters. Then, the bores must be machined with an H7 tolerance (according to the ISO system), that is to say allowing a sliding assembly, in order to allow the introduction of a calibrated tool to make the two diametrically opposed grooves.
  • a channel partition can be introduced into each channel.
  • the channel partition is made of composite materials based on resin and fiberglass. It is for example machined by milling and is adjusted in order to obtain a sliding fit in the grooves of each channel.
  • the grooves can be made so as to have a longitudinal depth slightly less than the depth of each channel so that, when the channel partition is put in place, the bottom of the channel corresponds to a passage zone between the forward path and the return path of the channel.
  • the distal ends of the grooves form an axial stop for positioning said partition, which facilitates assembly.
  • the channel partitions have identical dimensions over all their lengths.
  • the lengths of the partitions are identical to the lengths of the depths of the grooves so that the upper or proximal end of each partition is flush with the surface of the connecting ring.
  • the channel partitions have, near their proximal end, one or two shoulders.
  • the channels can be made with or without grooves.
  • a notch is made in one groove (or both grooves, or near the opening) of each channel and on the annular region so that each shoulder rests on a notch.
  • circular machining is carried out on the transverse face on which the coolant channels open out so as to form a circular connection groove, when the bores have not yet been made, and a succession of grooves between the openings of the bores when the bores are made.
  • a hardening resin is introduced into said connection grooves or the notches so as to fill them in order to ensure the seal between two channels.
  • the resin is applied until it reaches the height of the proximal end of the channel walls.
  • the resin makes it possible to improve the tightness on the one hand between the inlet orifice and the outlet orifice of each channel and on the other hand more generally between the crucible body and the cooling manifold.
  • the resin is preferably of the type which is sufficiently rigid to be able to be machined and to be able to withstand the coolant.
  • the resin is Stycast ® 2850FT.
  • each plug has a slot whose shape and thickness are complementary to the shape and thickness of the channel partitions.
  • the caps are made of polytetrafluoroethylene called “PTFE”.
  • a planar bearing along the diameter including the channel partitions is necessary so that a manifold partition, separating the outward and return cavities of the cooling manifold, comes to bear on said planar bearing (including the channel partitions) and makes continuous contact so as to form a seal when the cooling manifold is connected to the crucible body.
  • the cooling liquid can circulate between said cooling manifold and said crucible body without the cooling liquid passing through one of the paths outside the passage provided for this purpose.
  • said crucible body has a second bearing surface made on the annular region of the connection ring between the heating volume and the orifices of the channels.
  • the second staff defines the border between the heating volume and the channels. It is made in such a way that a manifold barrier bears against said second bearing surface and makes continuous contact so as to form a seal with respect to the heating volume.
  • the second span is a chamfer. This feature has the advantage of facilitating centering and therefore placing in position of the cooling manifold relative to the crucible body.
  • the chamfer also has the advantage of being compact.
  • each end of the manifold bulkhead and manifold barrier includes an O-ring to provide a seal.
  • the manufacturing method according to the invention makes it possible to produce any type of crucible; for example bottomless straight crucibles, called “continuous casting” or also crucibles of the "pocket” type called “semi-levitation” for example hemispherical and conical.
  • each slot has a width of 0.35 millimeters.
  • a cylindrical core is inserted inside the crucible, the core being adjusted to the internal diameter of the crucible body.
  • the core is made of polytetrafluoroethylene called “PTFE”.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the core is placed in the body of the crucible at the level with the high cutouts and away from the area where the slots will be made.
  • an adhesive tape is inserted on the outside of the body of the crucible facing the core.
  • a resin is applied in the high cutouts.
  • the resin is dissolved using an appropriate solvent.
  • the cooling manifold is preferably made in two parts. These two parts are machined separately by turning and milling then assembled by welding. When assembled, the collector defines two circular cavities.
  • the figures 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d illustrate an induction heating device 1 intended to melt materials to produce alloys or melting pure metals to make castings in moulds, or refining in a particular atmosphere during melting.
  • the heating device comprises a so-called “cold” crucible 10 intended to contain said materials to be heated, also called “the charge” (not visible in the figures).
  • the charge is heated using an inductor wound (not shown) around crucible 10 and a generator (not shown).
  • the heating device also comprises a cooling manifold 30 distributing a cooling liquid in the crucible 10 connected to the latter.
  • the crucible 10 comprises a crucible body 11 containing the material to be heated.
  • the crucible body 11 comprises a connection ring 12 intended to allow the connection, on the one hand, mechanically, and, on the other hand, of the flows of cooling liquid between the crucible body and the cooling manifold.
  • the connecting ring is a circular portion of the crucible body and is continuous in material along its circumference. The connecting ring will be described in more detail later.
  • the crucible body 11 comprises a tubular casing 14 extending axially from the connection ring 12 to define a heating volume.
  • the crucible body comprises sectors 16 made in the tubular casing 14.
  • the crucible body 11 has a one-piece structure composed of a single and same material having a continuity of material between the connection ring 12 and the sectors 16 of the tubular casing 14, including them.
  • the crucible body 11 comprises a crucible bottom 110 that is substantially conical.
  • the envelope 14 is cut longitudinally so as to produce several separate sectors 16.
  • so-called "high" longitudinal cutouts or interstices 18 are made in radial directions relative to the longitudinal axis of the crucible body and in the thickness of the tubular casing 14 so that the remaining casing portions form angular envelope sectors along the circumference of envelope 14 (see in particular the figure 3 and 5 ).
  • the longitudinal cutouts 18 are made with a transverse depth equal to the distal end of the body of the crucible so that the bottom 110 of the body of the crucible is not cut over its entire thickness but according to a cutout having a width which may be substantially identical to the width of a cutout 18; since the bottom of the crucible 110 is conical.
  • the width of the cutout at the level of the bottom 110 of the body of the crucible can be slightly different, either to increase the efficiency of the crucible, or to improve the cooling.
  • the high cutouts 18 have a width substantially equal to 3 to 4 millimeters. This makes it possible to limit the pressure drops, in particular in the case of production under vacuum.
  • the bottom of the crucible 110 also has longitudinal cutouts.
  • longitudinal cutouts or slots 19 are made in radial directions with respect to the longitudinal axis of the crucible body and in the thickness of the bottom of the crucible body 110 so that the remaining bottom portions of the body form angular sectors envelope along the circumference of the bottom 110 of the crucible body.
  • the slots 19 are made substantially in the extension of the upper cutouts 18 so that the sectors 16 are separated from the connecting ring to the distal end of the crucible body. Slots 19 have a width substantially equal to 0.35 millimeters.
  • the crucible body has an internal diameter of 50 millimeters and comprises 16 sectors.
  • the crucible body shown in figures 1b, 1d , 2b and 6a has at its distal end a pouring opening 111 allowing the charge to be poured by gravity into a mold located below.
  • a retractable finger (not shown) obstructs the end of the crucible body, for example a finger which is itself cooled.
  • the crucible body includes a coolant channel 15 in each sector 16.
  • each cooling channel 15 is arranged longitudinally in the thickness of each sector.
  • the channels 15 have a tubular shape.
  • the channels 15 extend to the bottom of the crucible body 110 so as to form a blind hole whose bottom, called the bottom of the channel, is designated by the reference 151.
  • the channels 15 open onto the upper surface of the connection ring 12 comprising an annular region 120.
  • the annular region 120 forms a continuous part formed in the material of the one-piece crucible body.
  • the crucible body comprises several added channel partitions 20 so that each partition is provided to be inserted into a channel 15.
  • each channel 15 is arranged and configured to receive a channel partition 20. It is inserted longitudinally into each channel and forms a tight longitudinal contact with at least two distinct regions of the peripheral internal wall of said channel. From the perspective of the bottom of the channel 151, the distal end of the channel wall 20 is spaced from the bottom of the channel 151 so as to leave a passage.
  • the width of the passage is substantially equal to the radius of the channel.
  • each channel 15 has, inside the latter and on either side of the channel partition 20, a so-called “go” path 22 and a so-called “return” path 21 for the circulation of the coolant in each sector of the crucible body.
  • the coolant can circulate from the outward path to the return path through the passage, provided for this purpose, near the bottom of the channel 151.
  • the connecting ring see picture 3 left side, 2b, 11b), the paths open into the annular region 120.
  • the annular region has a so-called “inlet” orifice 24, corresponding to the entry of a forward path 22, and a so-called “outlet” orifice 23, corresponding to the outlet of a return path 21.
  • the inlet 24 and outlet 23 orifices must be arranged one beside the other and aligned along a radial direction of the crucible.
  • each channel 15 has an inlet 24 and an outlet 23 which are formed by the same opening of the channel 15 opening into the annular part. It is this common opening which is itself divided into an inlet opening 24 and an outlet opening 23 by the proximal end 200 of the channel partition 20. All of these openings each opening of a channel 15 is distributed in a single circle corresponding to the annular region 120.
  • each channel further has two diametrically opposed grooves so as to receive and position each channel partition 20.
  • the grooves form two distinct regions extending longitudinally in each channel and form a sealed longitudinal contact with the partition. channel 20 inserted into said channel.
  • the added channel partitions have a rectangular shape whose thickness is very much less than its length or its width so that they respectively form a plane.
  • the channel partition 20 has at its proximal end, designed to be close to the connecting ring, an enlargement of width 210 forming a shoulder.
  • the widening 210 is provided to bear against a notch made on the surface of the annular region 120.
  • two diametrically opposite notches are made on the annular region 120 in order to receive the shoulders of the channel partitions.
  • each channel partition 20 is arranged in its channel 15 so that an imaginary geometric plane included in the thickness of the partition is substantially tangential to an imaginary cylinder of revolution concentric with the crucible.
  • This feature makes it possible to radially delimit two coolant distribution regions, a first coolant inlet region comprising all the inlet orifices 24 and a second coolant return region comprising all the outlet orifices 23 It is then possible to connect a cooling manifold having no indexing, for example angular, in order to connect the cooling liquid inlet and outlet flows between the cooling manifold and the crucible body.
  • the annular region 120 comprises several connecting grooves 121 connecting the openings of the channels, or the notches provided for the channel partitions, so as to form a circular groove.
  • the connecting grooves 121 are designed to be filled with resin forming a seal, radially delimiting, with the proximal ends 200 of the channel partitions, the two regions coolant distribution.
  • the openings of the cooling channels are plugged by plugs 40 (see figure 9 showing a plug blocking a channel).
  • Each plug 40 has a substantially cylindrical outer shape, the outer diameter of which is substantially equal to the inner diameter of each channel.
  • Each plug 40 includes a septum slot 41 for receiving a proximal end of a channel septum (see figure 10 ), thus allowing the introduction of the plug into the channel comprising a partition so as to block the orifices of the channel.
  • the connection grooves 121 are filled with resin.
  • the plugs 40 are removed and the excess resin is removed, for example by machining, in order to obtain a flat surface and thus serve as a junction surface with a circular cooling manifold partition.
  • making the planar bearing may include machining the proximal end of the channel partitions.
  • connection ring 12 has on its periphery a connection surface 13 comprising a crucible thread arranged to allow assembly by screwing with a cooling manifold comprising a complementary manifold thread so that the crucible can be screwed onto a manifold Or vice versa.
  • the figures 11a and 11b shows another type of crucible called “bottomless” or “continuous casting".
  • the crucible body does not include a conical crucible bottom 110, but has a heating volume having a constant internal diameter up to the end of the crucible body.
  • the crucible body of the figures 11a and 11b includes the same characteristics as a so-called “pocket” or “semi-levitation” crucible as described in the other figures.
  • the cooling collector comprises a first peripheral part 30a which has on an internal face a collector thread 31 complementary to the crucible thread so that they can be assembled by screwing.
  • the cooling manifold 30 comprises two manifold cavities forming the distribution elements: a so-called “go" cavity 34 and a so-called “return” cavity 33 which are substantially circular and which are arranged facing the annular region 120 of the connecting ring.
  • the cavities 33, 34 are offset in a radial direction with respect to the axis of the manifold so that the outward cavity 34 faces the inlet orifices 24, and the return cavity 33 faces the outlet orifices 23.
  • the cavities 33, 34 are separated by a circular manifold partition 32.
  • the manifold partition 32 is provided to bear against the so-called “sealing” proximal ends 200 of the channel partitions (see figure 1b and 12 ).
  • the collector partition 32 has a conical shape.
  • the manifold also includes a coolant inlet 38 communicating with the outward cavity 34, and a coolant outlet 37 communicating with the return cavity 33 (see figure 1b and 8 ).
  • the return cavity 33 is delimited radially by the collector partition 32 and by an internal edge 123 of the connection ring 12 (see figure 1b and 12 ).
  • the collector comprises a second collector part 30b which comprises a tube 35 whose upper end comprises a flange 350.
  • the volume delimited by the tube 35 corresponds to an insertion passage 36 via which the charge is inserted before being introduced into the heating volume delimited by the tubular envelope ( figures 1b and 1d ).
  • the second collector part 30b is intended to be welded to the first collector part 30a (see figure 8 ).
  • the first manifold part 30a includes a counterbore 301 on its upper end.
  • the cooling manifold is made by welding the flange 350 of the second manifold part 30b in the counterbore 301 of the first manifold part 30a, so as to obtain the cooling manifold 30 represented on the figures 1b and 1d .
  • the outgoing cavity 34 is thus delimited radially by the collector partition 32 and by the wall of the tube 35, see figure 12 .
  • the manifold partition 32 presses on the proximal ends of the channel partitions and the resin forming a seal, and the tube 35 presses on a chamfer 124 made on the annular region 120.
  • the collector 30 is arranged concentrically with respect to the crucible body 11.
  • the cooling collector 30 comprises an insertion passage 36 via which the load is inserted before being introduced into the heating volume delimited by the envelope tubular.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Kalttiegel (10) für einen Induktionsheizer (1), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er einen Tiegelkörper (11) umfasst, der Folgendes aufweist:
    - einen Verbindungsring (12) mit einem ringförmigen Verteilerbereich (120),
    - ein rohrförmiges Gehäuse (14), das sich von dem Verbindungsring (12) aus erstreckt, um ein Heizvolumen zu definieren, wobei das Gehäuse in Längsrichtung geschnitten ist, um eine Vielzahl von separaten Sektoren (16) zu schaffen,
    - Kühlmittelkanäle (15), die in Längsrichtung in der Dickenausdehnung des Tiegelkörpers angeordnet sind, so dass jeder Sektor (16) mindestens einen Kühlmittelkanal (15) umfasst,
    wobei jeder Sektor mindestens zwei Kühlmittelwege umfasst, einen Hinweg (22) und einen Rückweg (21) des Kühlmittels, die durch den mindestens einen Kühlmittelkanal (15) gebildet werden, wobei die Kühlmittelwege in den ringförmigen Verteilerbereich (120) münden, so dass der Verteilerbereich (120) für jeden Sektor eine Einlassöffnung (24) und eine Auslassöffnung (23) aufweist, wobei die Öffnungen entlang einer radialen Richtung des Kalttiegels voneinander beabstandet sind,
    wobei sich auf diese Weise entlang des Umfangs des ringförmigen Verteilerbereichs zwei getrennte, um die Längsachse des Kalttiegels konzentrisch verlaufende Bereiche bilden, von denen einer nur mit dem Hinweg der Kanäle und der andere nur mit dem Rückweg der Kanäle in Verbindung steht,
    wobei der Tiegelkörper dazu bestimmt ist, über den Verbindungsring (12) abnehmbar mit einem Kühlverteiler (30) verbunden zu werden, wobei der Kühlverteiler (30) Verteilungselemente für das Kühlmittel umfasst, die mit den Kühlmittelkanälen (15) verbunden sind, um die Flüssigkeit zwischen dem Kühlverteiler und den Kanälen zirkulieren zu lassen,
    und dadurch, dass der Tiegelkörper (11) eine einteilige Struktur aus ein und demselben Material mit Materialkontinuität über mindestens zwei Sektoren aufweist.
  2. Kalttiegel (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Kanal eine eingebrachte, den Kanal trennende Trennwand (20) umfasst, die in Längsrichtung in den Kühlmittelkanal (15) eingesetzt ist und einen längsgerichteten Dichtungskontakt mit mindestens zwei unterschiedlichen Bereichen der Umfangswand des Kühlmittelkanals bildet, um den Hinweg (22) und den Rückweg (21) auf beiden Seiten der Trennwand (20) zu definieren, und der sich in Längsrichtung in demselben Kühlmittelkanal (15) erstreckt.
  3. Kalttiegel (10) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Trennwand (20) des Kanals eine ebene oder zweidimensionale Form aufweist und in ihrem Kanal (15) so angeordnet ist, dass eine gedachte geometrische Ebene innerhalb der Dickenausdehnung der Wand im Wesentlichen tangential zu einem gedachten, zum Tiegel konzentrischen Drehzylinder verläuft.
  4. Kalttiegel (10) nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede den Kanal trennende Trennwand (20) eine Länge aufweist, die im Wesentlichen gleich oder kleiner als die Länge der Kanäle ist und dazu bestimmt ist, in einen Kanal eingesetzt zu werden, wobei ein von Null verschiedener Spalt zwischen dem Boden (151) des Kanals und dem Längsende, dem sogenannten Durchgangsende, der Kanalwand verbleibt.
  5. Kalttiegel (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Kanal (15) in seiner Wand zwei separate Nuten aufweist, die so angeordnet und gestaltet sind, dass sie jede Trennwand (20) in dem Kanal aufnehmen und positionieren.
  6. Kalttiegel (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbindungsring (12) an seinem Umfang ein Tiegelgewinde (13) aufweist, das so angeordnet ist, dass es eine Schraubverbindung ermöglicht, so dass ein mit einem komplementären Verteilergewinde (31) versehener Kühlverteiler (30) auf den Kalttiegel aufgeschraubt werden kann oder umgekehrt.
  7. Kühlverteiler (30) zum Zusammenwirken mit einem Kalttiegel (10) für einen Induktionsheizer (1), wobei der Kalttiegel das Folgende umfasst:
    - einen Verbindungsring (12) mit einem ringförmigen Verteilerbereich (120),
    - ein rohrförmiges Gehäuse (14), das sich von dem Verbindungsring (12) aus erstreckt, um ein Heizvolumen zu definieren, wobei das Gehäuse in Längsrichtung geschnitten ist, um eine Vielzahl von separaten Sektoren (16) zu schaffen,
    - Kühlmittelkanäle (15), die in der in Längsrichtung in der Dickenausdehnung des Kalttiegels angeordnet sind, so dass jeder Sektor (16) mindestens einen Kanal für die Kühlflüssigkeit umfasst, der eine Kanaltrennwand (20) aufweist, die in jedem Kanal mindestens zwei Wege (21, 22) bildet, die jeweils in zwei Öffnungen (23, 24) münden, die entlang einer radialen Richtung des Tiegels voneinander beabstandet sind,
    wobei der Kühlverteiler dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass er zwei im Wesentlichen kreisförmige Kollektorhohlräume (33, 34) aufweist, die auf derselben dem Verbindungsring zugewandten Seite angeordnet sind, wobei die Kollektorhohlräume in radialer Richtung in Bezug auf die Achse des Kollektors versetzt sind, so dass sich jeder Kollektorhohlraum (33, 34) über einer einzigen Öffnung (23, 24) jedes Kanals befindet, sobald der Kühlverteiler und der Tiegel zusammengebaut sind.
  8. Kühlverteiler (30) nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er eine kreisförmige Verteilertrennwand (32) umfasst, die die beiden Verteilerhohlräume (33, 34) trennt, wobei die Verteilertrennwand (32) an den sogenannten Dichtungsenden (200) der Kanaltrennwände anliegt.
  9. Kühlverteiler (30) nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er um die Verteilerhohlräume herum ein Verteilergewinde (31) aufweist, das so angeordnet ist, dass es eine Schraubverbindung ermöglicht, so dass ein Grundkörper des Kalttiegels (10), der ebenfalls ein komplementäres Tiegelgewinde (13) aufweist, auf den Verteiler (30) geschraubt werden kann oder umgekehrt.
  10. Induktionsheizgerät (1), das einen Grundkörper eines Kalttiegels (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 und einen Kühlverteiler (30) nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9 aufweist, der so angeordnet ist, dass die Kühlmittelverteilungselemente (33, 34) des Verteilers (30) im zusammengebauten Zustand mit den Kühlmittelkanälen (15) des Tiegelkörpers (10) verbunden sind.
  11. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kalttiegels (10) für eine induktive Erwärmung, wobei der Kalttiegel einen Tiegelkörper (11) umfasst, der mit einem Kühlverteiler (30) in Verbindung steht, wobei der Tiegelkörper (11) ein rohrförmiges Gehäuse (14) aufweist, das sich vom Kühlverteiler weg erstreckt und eine Heizkammer umgibt, die in einem Heizvolumen enthalten ist, wobei das Gehäuse in Längsrichtung geschnitten ist, um eine Vielzahl von separaten Sektoren (16) zu bilden, wobei Kühlmittelkanäle (15) in Längsrichtung in der Dickenausdehnung des Kalttiegels angeordnet sind, so dass jeder Sektor (16) mindestens einen Kühlmittelkanal (15) umfasst, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Bereitstellen eines oder mehrerer einteiliger Ausgangsteile oder Rohlinge aus einem thermisch und elektrisch leitenden Material, vorzugsweise Kupfer, zum Beispiel in Form eines massiven Rings oder Rohrs,
    - für jedes Ausgangsteil Bringen des Teils auf die gewünschten Außen- und Innenmaße, je nach gewünschter Tiegelgröße, um einen Tiegelkörper herzustellen, der einen Verbindungsring bildet, von dem aus sich das rohrförmige Gehäuse erstreckt,
    sowie, in dieser oder einer anderen Reihenfolge, die folgenden Schritte:
    - Herstellen eines Tiegelgewindes (13), das um den Umfang des Verbindungsrings (12) verläuft,
    - Bohren der Kühlmittelkanäle (15) in die Oberfläche des Verbindungsrings (12),
    - Einbringen von zwei diametral gegenüberliegenden Nuten in die Wand jedes Kanals (15),
    - Anbringen von Längsschnitten (18, 19) im Gehäuse (14), die sich über die gesamte Dicke des Gehäuses erstrecken, wobei sich die Schnitte zwischen dem Verbindungsring (12) und dem dem Verbindungsring gegenüberliegenden Ende des Tiegelkörpers erstrecken.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine kreisförmige Bearbeitung auf der Querfläche, auf der die Kanäle münden, durchgeführt wird, um eine kreisförmige Verbindungsnut (121) zu bilden, wenn die Bohrungen noch nicht hergestellt sind, und eine Folge von Nuten (121) zwischen den Öffnungen der Bohrungen, wenn die Bohrungen hergestellt sind, und dass ein härtendes Harz in die Nuten (121) eingebracht wird, um diese zu füllen, um die Dichtheit zwischen zwei Kanälen zu gewährleisten.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in jeden Kanal nach dem Herstellen der Rillen eine Trennwand eingebracht wird.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Folgende eingebracht wird:
    - längs verlaufende, als "hoch" bezeichnete, Längsschnitte (18) in dem Gehäuse (14), die sich durch die gesamte Dickenerstreckung des Gehäuses erstrecken, wobei sich die Schnitte zwischen dem Verbindungsring (12) in Richtung auf das dem Verbindungsring gegenüberliegende Ende des Tiegelkörpers erstrecken, ohne das distale Ende des Tiegelkörpers zu erreichen,
    - längs verlaufende, als "niedrig" bezeichnete, Längsschnitte, die durch Elektroerosion eingebracht werden und Schlitze (19) bilden, wobei jeder Schlitz sich durch die gesamte Dickenerstreckung der Hülle erstreckt und hinreichend schmal ist, um kein zu erhitzendes Material entweichen zu lassen, und sich in der Verlängerung der hohen Schnitte (18) bis zum distalen Ende gegenüber dem Verbindungsring erstreckt.
  15. Verfahren nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Einbringen der Schlitze (19) gemäß den folgenden Schritten durchgeführt wird:
    - Einsetzen eines Kerns in den Tiegelkörper (11),
    - Abdichten der Außenseite der hohen Aussparungen zumindest in dem Teil, der mit den Schlitzen verbunden ist, zum Beispiel durch Anbringen von Dichtungsklebeband um den Tiegelkörper,
    - Füllen der hohen Aussparungen mit Harz,
    - Einbringen der Schlitze durch Elektroerosion, insbesondere durch Drahterosion,
    - Schneiden oder Auflösen des Harzes.
EP19700015.1A 2018-01-09 2019-01-02 Kalttiegel und zugehöriger kühlverteiler für eine induktionsheizvorrichtung Active EP3737901B1 (de)

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FR1850147A FR3076602B1 (fr) 2018-01-09 2018-01-09 Creuset froid et collecteur de refroidissement associe pour dispositif de chauffage par induction
PCT/EP2019/050046 WO2019137840A1 (fr) 2018-01-09 2019-01-02 Creuset froid et collecteur de refroidissement associe pour dispositif de chauffage par induction

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