EP3737536A1 - Dispositif et procede de mesure de force - Google Patents
Dispositif et procede de mesure de forceInfo
- Publication number
- EP3737536A1 EP3737536A1 EP19701994.6A EP19701994A EP3737536A1 EP 3737536 A1 EP3737536 A1 EP 3737536A1 EP 19701994 A EP19701994 A EP 19701994A EP 3737536 A1 EP3737536 A1 EP 3737536A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- movable member
- freedom
- actuator
- degree
- force
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J13/00—Controls for manipulators
- B25J13/08—Controls for manipulators by means of sensing devices, e.g. viewing or touching devices
- B25J13/085—Force or torque sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J13/00—Controls for manipulators
- B25J13/08—Controls for manipulators by means of sensing devices, e.g. viewing or touching devices
- B25J13/088—Controls for manipulators by means of sensing devices, e.g. viewing or touching devices with position, velocity or acceleration sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/02—Program-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type
- B25J9/023—Cartesian coordinate type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/08—Measuring force or stress, in general by the use of counterbalancing forces
- G01L1/086—Measuring force or stress, in general by the use of counterbalancing forces using electrostatic or electromagnetic counterbalancing forces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a force measuring device. It also relates to a method of measuring force.
- Such a device allows a user to measure a force.
- the field of the invention is more particularly but not limited to that of the measurement of remote or rapid-change, attractive and / or repulsive forces.
- the measurement of effort is traditionally carried out through the deformation of a flexible element of known stiffness (spring, piezo-ceramic, etc.) such as an AFM or a piezoelectric sensor.
- the object of the present invention is to solve at least one of the aforementioned problems or to be able to solve several of them at the same time without the resolution of one problem aggravating another of these problems.
- a force measuring device comprising:
- a movable member means for guiding the mobile member according to at least one degree of freedom
- position measuring means arranged to measure a position of the movable member according to the at least one degree of freedom
- At least one actuator distinct from the guide means, and arranged to subject an actuator force to the movable member according to the at least one degree of freedom
- control system arranged and / or programmed to send a control signal to the at least one actuator, the actuator force depending on the control signal, the control system being arranged to modify the control signal according to a position measurement of the movable member by the position measuring means,
- force measurement means arranged and / or programmed for, from the control signal sent by the control system to the at least one actuator, to provide a value of a force to be measured acting on the organ mobile and distinct from the actuator force.
- the guide means of the movable member according to the at least one degree of freedom are preferably devoid of restoring force on the movable member according to the at least one degree of freedom.
- the control system can be arranged and / or programmed to:
- the guide means are preferably guiding means without contact with the movable member.
- the position measuring means are preferably measurement means without contact with the movable member.
- the position measuring means are preferably devoid of restoring force on the movable member according to the at least one degree of freedom
- Each actuator is preferably devoid of contact with the movable member.
- the movable member is preferably devoid of contact with any other part of the device.
- the device according to the invention may comprise an actuator per degree of freedom in translation.
- the at least one degree of freedom may include:
- a single degree of freedom in rotation (or preferably as many degrees of freedom in rotation as degrees of freedom in translation, each degree of freedom in rotation preferably being a degree of freedom of rotation around one of the axes displacement of one of the degrees of freedom in translation) or no degree of freedom in rotation.
- the guiding means comprise or consist of guiding means by air cushion.
- the position measuring means comprise or consist of an optical sensor.
- each actuator comprises or consists of an electromagnetic actuator, preferably of the "acoustic coil” type.
- a method of measuring force comprising:
- the guide means of the movable member according to the at least one degree of freedom are preferably devoid of restoring force on the movable member according to the at least one degree of freedom.
- the control system can:
- the guide means preferably guide the movable member without contact with the movable member.
- the position measuring means preferably measure the position of the movable member without contact with the movable member.
- the position measuring means are preferably devoid of restoring force on the movable member according to the at least one degree of freedom
- the at least one actuator preferably subjects the actuator force to the movable member without contact with the movable member.
- the movable member is preferably devoid of contact with any other part of the device implementing the method.
- the method according to the invention may comprise an actuator per degree of freedom in translation.
- the at least one degree of freedom can include
- each degree of freedom in rotation preferably being a degree of freedom of rotation around one of the axes of displacement of one of the degrees of freedom in translation) or no degree of freedom in rotation.
- the guiding means comprise or consist of guiding means by air cushion.
- the position measuring means comprise or consist of an optical sensor.
- each actuator comprises or consists of an electromagnetic actuator, preferably of the "acoustic coil” type.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of device 101 according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a second device embodiment 102 according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the second embodiment of device 102 according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a third device embodiment 103 according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a fourth device embodiment 104 according to the invention.
- This embodiment makes it possible to measure surface forces such as Van der Waals forces, electrostatic forces, or capillary forces.
- the device 101 has no apparent stiffness. He presents himself as a mass alone.
- the force measurement device 101 comprises a mobile member 1 able to move, and hereinafter also referred to as the probe 1 or the mobile element 1.
- the device 101 is a device 101 for measuring force by force compensation, and does not include any intrinsic physical stiffness on the movable member 1.
- the movable member 1 has a mass less than 50 grams, preferably less than 10 grams, in this example less than 5 grams.
- This embodiment uses a probe (member 1) in levitation, without contact with the rest of the device 101 (including the frame of the device 101).
- the device 101 has a principle of force measurement by servo loop.
- the device 101 comprises guiding means 2 of the movable member 1 arranged to guide or constrain the movements of the movable member 1 according to at least one degree of freedom, preferably at least one degree of freedom in translation.
- the movable member 1 has at one of its ends along the or one of the degree (s) of freedom in translation, a mandrel 10 for disposing an element (electrically charged and / or magnetized and / or shaped tip forming a quasi-point mechanical contact, etc.) depending on the nature of the external force 8 to be measured.
- a mandrel 10 for disposing an element (electrically charged and / or magnetized and / or shaped tip forming a quasi-point mechanical contact, etc.) depending on the nature of the external force 8 to be measured.
- each degree of freedom of the movable member 1 will simply be called “degree of freedom”, without reference to the movable member 1.
- the guiding means 2 constrain any displacement of the movable member 1 according to this at least one degree of freedom.
- the device 101 comprises position measuring means 3 arranged to measure a position of the movable member 1 according to the at least one degree of freedom, preferably with a resolution of at least 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the device 101 comprises at least one actuator 4, distinct from the guide means 2, arranged to subject an actuator force 7 to the movable member 1 according to the at least one degree of freedom.
- This actuator force 7 can be broken down into several (2 or 3) orthogonal components between them.
- the device 101 comprises only one actuator 4 per degree of freedom in translation.
- the actuator force 7 has as many components orthogonal to each other as the movable member 1a of degree (s) of freedom in translation.
- Each degree of freedom in translation is associated with an actuator 4.
- Each actuator 4 is arranged to subject on the movable member 1 a component of the actuator force 7 parallel to the degree of freedom in translation to which this actuator 4 is associated.
- the device 101 comprises a control system 5, arranged and / or programmed to send a control signal to the at least one actuator 4, the actuator force 7 depending on the control signal, the control system 5 being arranged to modify the control signal as a function of a position measurement of the movable member 1 by the position measuring means 3.
- This control signal may comprise several components.
- the control system 5 is arranged to send a component of the actuator control signal 4. There is therefore a component of the actuator control signal 4 and therefore by component of the actuator force 7.
- the control system 5 implements a control algorithm.
- the control system 5 includes only technical means.
- the control system 5 comprises at least one computer, a central or calculation unit, an analog electronic circuit (preferably dedicated), a digital electronic circuit (preferably dedicated), and / or a microprocessor (preferably dedicated), and / or software means.
- the device 101 is connected to an electronic card providing a solution for testing different control schemes using control diagram synthesis software.
- An integrated converter generates the code which is then executed in real time on the control system 5.
- the movable member 1 is slaved in position through the control system 5 which is Proportional Integrator Diverter (PID) type.
- PID Proportional Integrator Diverter
- the proportional part controls the dynamic response of the device 101 and its ability to measure fast phenomena, the integrator part controls the accuracy of the measurements as well as the sensitivity to small forces and the drift part stabilizes the device 101.
- the command is implemented on the control system 5 in real time.
- This control system 5 is composed of a computer under Linux with real-time core RTAI. A frequency of 20 kHz is attainable.
- the control system control algorithm 8 is implemented on an FPGA (this solution reaches sampling frequencies of several hundred kilohertz) or on an analog control (the device 101 then becomes a continuous system and the delay issues of discrete systems are removed).
- the device 101 comprises means 6 for measuring force arranged and / or programmed for, from the control signal sent by the control system 5 to the at least one actuator 4, to provide a value of a force to be measured 8 acting on the movable member 1 and distinct from the actuator force 7.
- the force to be measured 8 can be broken down into several (2 or 3) orthogonal components together.
- the measuring means 6 comprise only technical means.
- the measuring means 6 comprise at least one computer, a central or calculation unit, an analog electronic circuit (preferably dedicated), a digital electronic circuit (preferably dedicated), and / or a microprocessor (preferably dedicated), and / or software means.
- the measuring means 6 are calculating means.
- the guide means 2 of the movable member 1 according to the at least one degree of freedom are devoid of restoring force on the movable member 1 according to each degree of freedom among the at least one degree of freedom.
- the guiding means 2 of the movable member 1 according to the at least one degree of freedom are devoid of stiffness (physical intrinsic stiffness) or resistance to a displacement of the movable member 1 according to each degree of freedom among the least one degree of freedom with respect to the guide means 2.
- the guide means 2 have, for each degree of freedom among the at least one degree of freedom, a zero own pulse.
- the guiding means 2 are guiding means without contact with the movable member 1.
- the guide means 2 may comprise multiple variants, such as an air cushion guide, a magnetic levitation system, and / or an electromagnetic suspension.
- a first element is said to be "non-contact” with a second element if no solid and / or liquid connects this first element with the second element.
- these two elements are considered “non-contact” even if they are connected by a vacuum or a gas, such as by air.
- the position measuring means 3 are measurement means without contact with the movable member 1.
- the measuring means 3 may comprise multiple variants, such as a laser beam distance measuring system, an interferometric system, a capacitive system, a magnetic induction system, an SIOS interferometer, a proximity sensor (for example example Sharp GP2S60), a sensor (eg ILD1420-10 of the microepsilon mark), and / or an optical ruler.
- a laser beam distance measuring system such as a laser beam distance measuring system, an interferometric system, a capacitive system, a magnetic induction system, an SIOS interferometer, a proximity sensor (for example example Sharp GP2S60), a sensor (eg ILD1420-10 of the microepsilon mark), and / or an optical ruler.
- the position measuring means 3 are devoid of return force on the movable member 1 according to the at least one degree of freedom.
- Each actuator 4 is devoid of contact with the movable member 1.
- Each actuator 4 may comprise multiple variants, such as an electromagnetic and / or electrostatic actuation system.
- the at least one actuator 4 is devoid of intrinsic physical stiffness with respect to the movable member 1, but has only (as will be seen later) a stiffness artificially manufactured via the control system 5 which can even be adjusted to a null value.
- the movable member 1 is devoid of contact with any other part of the device 101.
- FIG. 1 The simplified operation of the device is shown in FIG. 1.
- a force to be measured Fm is applied to the member 1
- a displacement of the mobile part 1 is measured by the position sensor 3.
- the position measurement is used by the control 5 to compensate the applied force Fm on the member 1.
- This device embodiment 101 has a measurement resolution of the force Fm less than or equal to 0.1 mN, preferably with a measurement frequency of at least 50 Hz.
- This embodiment can be declined according to two variants.
- control system 5 is arranged and / or programmed to control the position of the movable member 1 at a fixed position regardless of the value of the force to be measured 8.
- this first variant in a case comprising only a single degree of freedom in translation (with possibly a single degree of freedom in rotation about the translation displacement axis of this degree of freedom in translation) .
- This example is obviously generalizable to two or three spatial dimensions.
- control system In this example of the first variant, the control system
- the or each actuator 4 has a zero stiffness.
- the device 101 according to the invention has an infinite bandwidth.
- the device according to the invention is said to be "without displacement” or "with zero movement” of the mobile element 1 (although in fact the mobile element 1 may be driven by a succession of micro movements according to the at least one degree of freedom almost simultaneously compensated by the at least one actuator 4).
- This variant is also particularly robust for the case of attractive forces or with strong dynamic variations, the cases in which the sensors according to the state of the art fail, because the measurement according to the state of the art is then polluted by the mechanical characteristics of the probe (mass, stiffness), as well as the linear shape of the restoring force as a function of the displacement, with the parameters of this function imposed by the mechanical characteristics of the arrangement of a sensor according to the state of art.
- the invention thus has potential applications for the measurement of remote forces or effects with rapid variations. Such phenomena are encountered, for example, in micro-robotics, in biological injection processes and in the production of automated systems.
- force variation measurements are obtained with a bandwidth of up to 300Hz, which represents a gain of about 20 compared to the state of the art for similar applications.
- control system 5 is arranged and / or programmed to set a value of the actuator force 7 as a function of the position of the movable member 1.
- the stiffness K is non-zero and can be positive or even negative, which still allows a case that is not possible with an element with real mechanical stiffness.
- the method according to the invention implemented by the device 101 comprises:
- control system 5 a sending, by the control system 5, of the control signal to the at least one actuator 4, the actuator force Fa depending on the control signal, the control system 5 modifying the control signal as a function of the position measurement of the movable member 1 by the position measuring means 3,
- the guide means 2 of the movable member 1 exerting no restoring force on the movable member 1 according to the at least one degree of freedom.
- the guide means 2 guide the movable member 1 without contact with the movable member 1.
- the position measuring means 3 measure the position of the movable member 1 without contact with the movable member 1.
- the position measuring means 3 exert no restoring force on the movable member 1 according to the at least one degree of freedom.
- the at least one actuator 4 subjects the actuator force 7 to the movable member 1 without contact with the movable member 1.
- the movable member 1 is devoid of contact with any other part of the device 101 implementing the method.
- the control system 5 slaves the position of the movable member 1 to a fixed position regardless of the value of the force to be measured 8.
- the control system 5 sets a value of the actuator force 7 as a function of the position of the movable member 1.
- This device embodiment 102 has a measurement range of 0.00044 N to 1 N.
- the organ 1 is constrained to a unidirectional movement.
- the at least one degree of freedom includes only a single degree of freedom in translation, called the degree of freedom in translation.
- the at least one degree of freedom comprises only a single degree of freedom in rotation about an axis of displacement of the degree of freedom in translation.
- the means 2 are arranged to maintain the organ 1 in levitation.
- the guiding means 2 comprise or consist of guiding means by air cushion or air bearing guide, for example reference S300601 brand NewWay airbearings.
- the position measuring means 3 comprise or consist of an optical sensor.
- the means 3 comprise a triangulation laser sensor.
- the means 3 comprise an ILD1420-10 sensor of the microepsilon mark.
- the member 1 comprises a reflecting element 11 (typically a metal disc) arranged to reflect the position measuring light beam emitted by the means 3.
- the actuator 4 (associated with the main degree of freedom in translation) comprises or consists of an electromagnetic actuator, of the "acoustic coil” type comprising a coil or solenoid or electromagnet, for example reference NCC01-04-001-1X brand H2W technologies.
- the movable member typically has a rod shape 40 mm in length and 6.35 mm in diameter provided with the disc 11 which has a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 1 mm.
- the movable member 1 is mainly made of stainless steel.
- the movable member 1 comprises a ferromagnetic portion 9 (preferably a magnet, preferably a permanent magnet) located inside the coil or solenoid or electromagnet and arranged to move inside the coil or solenoid or electromagnet depending on the degree of freedom in translation.
- a ferromagnetic portion 9 preferably a magnet, preferably a permanent magnet located inside the coil or solenoid or electromagnet and arranged to move inside the coil or solenoid or electromagnet depending on the degree of freedom in translation.
- a current amplifier used to control the actuator 4 is a Maxon Escon 50/5 module.
- the at least one degree of freedom does not include any degree of freedom in rotation.
- the guide means 2 comprise two air bearings 2a, 2b.
- These two bearings 2a, 2b are arranged to guide the movement of the member 1 along two axes parallel to each other and therefore to the same direction so as to block any rotation around this direction.
- the actuator 4 is positioned between the two bearings 2a, 2b.
- This positioning of the actuator 4 avoids cantilevering phenomena.
- the directions of the efforts are aligned.
- the version with the locked rotation (FIG. 4) has a larger mass and therefore a ratio between the resolution of the position measurement and the less favorable force measurement
- Each actuator 4 comprises or consists of an electromagnetic actuator, and comprises at least one "acoustic coil"
- the device 104 comprises only one actuator 4 per degree of freedom in translation.
- the actuator force 7 has as many orthogonal components between them (three) as the movable member 1a of degree (s) of freedom in translation.
- the guiding means 2 comprise, for each degree of freedom in translation, means for guiding the movable member 1 along at least one translation axis, more exactly for each degree of freedom in translation considered:
- the position measuring means 3 comprise three optical sensors 3a, 3b, 3c as previously described separating the position measurements along the three orthogonal axes X, Y, Z.
- This device 104 is made to allow a simplified extension over several degrees of freedom:
- the device 104 corresponds to the combination:
- the use of the air bearing 2 generates an axial stiffness large enough to decouple the directions of effort properly.
- the radial stiffness is 2 N / pm and the maximum admissible force is 12 N.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Control Of Position Or Direction (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1850231A FR3076614B1 (fr) | 2018-01-11 | 2018-01-11 | Dispositif et procede de mesure de force |
| PCT/EP2019/050591 WO2019138014A1 (fr) | 2018-01-11 | 2019-01-10 | Dispositif et procede de mesure de force |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3737536A1 true EP3737536A1 (fr) | 2020-11-18 |
Family
ID=62167462
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19701994.6A Withdrawn EP3737536A1 (fr) | 2018-01-11 | 2019-01-10 | Dispositif et procede de mesure de force |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20200406472A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3737536A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3087894A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3076614B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019138014A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH565998A5 (fr) * | 1974-06-26 | 1975-08-29 | Fischer Peter | |
| DE2535758C3 (de) * | 1975-08-11 | 1979-08-02 | Sartorius Gmbh, 3400 Goettingen | Elektromagnetisch kompensierende, balkenlose Kraftmeß- oder Wägevorrichtung |
| DE102015104696B3 (de) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-09-01 | Sartorius Lab Instruments Gmbh & Co. Kg | Elektrodynamische Levitationseinrichtung |
| DE102016010668B3 (de) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-06-22 | Technische Universität Ilmenau | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Kalibrierung von Kraft- und Drehmomentmesseinrichtungen |
-
2018
- 2018-01-11 FR FR1850231A patent/FR3076614B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2019
- 2019-01-10 EP EP19701994.6A patent/EP3737536A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-01-10 WO PCT/EP2019/050591 patent/WO2019138014A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2019-01-10 US US16/960,718 patent/US20200406472A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-01-10 CA CA3087894A patent/CA3087894A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3076614A1 (fr) | 2019-07-12 |
| FR3076614B1 (fr) | 2020-11-20 |
| CA3087894A1 (fr) | 2019-07-18 |
| WO2019138014A1 (fr) | 2019-07-18 |
| US20200406472A1 (en) | 2020-12-31 |
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