EP3736993B1 - Verfahren zur rauschschätzung, zugehörige vorrichtung und computerprogrammprodukt - Google Patents

Verfahren zur rauschschätzung, zugehörige vorrichtung und computerprogrammprodukt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3736993B1
EP3736993B1 EP20171717.0A EP20171717A EP3736993B1 EP 3736993 B1 EP3736993 B1 EP 3736993B1 EP 20171717 A EP20171717 A EP 20171717A EP 3736993 B1 EP3736993 B1 EP 3736993B1
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Prior art keywords
noise
signal
power
impulsive
ratios
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French (fr)
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EP3736993A1 (de
Inventor
Mr. Gabriele DELL'AMICO
Ms. Eleonora GUERRINI
Mr. Athos MARCON
Mr. Francesco BALDUCCI
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STMicroelectronics SRL
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STMicroelectronics SRL
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H04B17/336—Signal-to-interference ratio [SIR] or carrier-to-interference ratio [CIR]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/02—Details
    • H04B3/46—Monitoring; Testing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06—Receivers
    • H04B1/10—Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
    • H04B1/1027—Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference assessing signal quality or detecting noise/interference for the received signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H04B17/354—Adjacent channel leakage power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/391—Modelling the propagation channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H04L1/0003—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate by switching between different modulation schemes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/20—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using signal quality detector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/20—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using signal quality detector
    • H04L1/203—Details of error rate determination, e.g. BER, FER or WER
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
    • H04L27/2646—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only using feedback from receiver for adjusting OFDM transmission parameters, e.g. transmission timing or guard interval length
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04L27/2689—Link with other circuits, i.e. special connections between synchronisation arrangements and other circuits for achieving synchronisation
    • H04L27/2691—Link with other circuits, i.e. special connections between synchronisation arrangements and other circuits for achieving synchronisation involving interference determination or cancellation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/50—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wire-line communication networks, e.g. low power modes or reduced link rate

Definitions

  • the description relates to noise estimation in communication systems.
  • One or more embodiments may be applied, for instance, in power line communication (PLC) systems for use in metering applications in "smart" electrical distribution grids.
  • PLC power line communication
  • An adaptive transmission scheme may involve (automatically) configuring a transmitter with a certain modulation and coding scheme (MCS) in order to facilitate a satisfactory balance of data rate, transmission power and error probability.
  • MCS modulation and coding scheme
  • a certain MCS can be selected as a function of feedback information obtained from the receiver.
  • the feedback information used for selecting a MCS may be a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimated at the receiver taking into account the received power levels of signal and noise.
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • procedures for MCS selection are designed to apply to a communication channel characterized by stationary noise.
  • non-stationary noise such as impulsive noise
  • impulsive noise may be present which may significantly affect system performance.
  • the procedures for the selection of MCS developed for stationary noise may not operate in an entirely satisfactory manner.
  • An exemplary method may include identifying a temporal region of a cyclostationary noise over which a frame is to be sent across a PLC network, the cyclostationary noise having a plurality of temporal regions, each of the plurality of temporal regions having a distinct spectral shape.
  • the method may also include applying a given one of a plurality of Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCSs) to the frame to produce a modulated frame, wherein the given one of the plurality of MCSs is selected based, least in part, upon the spectral shape corresponding to the identified temporal region.
  • MCSs Modulation and Coding Schemes
  • the method may further include transmitting the modulated frame across the PLC network, at least in part, over the identified temporal region.
  • An object of one or more embodiments is to contribute in facilitating reliable estimation of noise (in terms of signal-to-noise ratio or SNR, for instance) in the presence of such impulsive noise.
  • That object may be achieved by means of a method having the features set forth in the claim 1 that follows.
  • One or more embodiments may relate to a corresponding circuit (interface) as per claim 5.
  • One or more embodiments may relate to a corresponding computer program product as per claim 7, loadable in the memory of at least one computer and including software code portions for executing the steps of the method of one or more embodiments when the product is run on at least one computer.
  • reference to such a computer program product is understood as being equivalent to reference to a computer-readable means containing instructions for controlling the processing system in order to co-ordinate the implementation of the method according to one or more embodiments.
  • One or more embodiments facilitate developing a SNR estimation approach that takes into account non-stationary noise (i.e. power, duration and occurrence of impulses) and re-maps it into a SNR equivalent to a SNR computed in presence of stationary noise.
  • non-stationary noise i.e. power, duration and occurrence of impulses
  • references to "an embodiment” or “one embodiment” in the framework of the present description is intended to indicate that a particular configuration, structure, or characteristic described in relation to the embodiment is comprised in at least one embodiment.
  • phrases such as “in an embodiment” or “in one embodiment” that may be present in one or more points of the present description do not necessarily refer to one and the same embodiment.
  • particular conformations, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any adequate way in one or more embodiments.
  • the solution disclosed in such a document includes receiving a packet of symbols over a channel having periodic impulsive noise and determining a number of bad symbols in the packet due to interference as well as a remaining plurality of good symbols in the packet.
  • a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is computed based (only) on the good symbols in the packet and a signal-to-noise correction value is determined as a function of the ratio of the bad symbols and the good SNR value with an effective signal-to-noise ratio calculated by adjusting the good value as a function of the correction value.
  • the accuracy in estimating the bad symbol ratio may be affected by packet length and the offset between the impulses and the packet.
  • detecting bad symbols in a packet may turn out to be far from easy when the impulses have a power level comparable to the signal level.
  • PLC power line communication
  • embodiments are not limited to such a PLC context.
  • One or more embodiments may in fact be applied, in general, to estimating noise in communication channels likely to be affected by impulsive (burst-like) noise.
  • the metering apparatus MI is coupled to the power line PL via a line interface 10 which may comprise a subsystem 14 including a random-access memory (RAM) 14a as well a processing core 14b (a MicroController Unit or MCU, for instance).
  • a line interface 10 which may comprise a subsystem 14 including a random-access memory (RAM) 14a as well a processing core 14b (a MicroController Unit or MCU, for instance).
  • RAM random-access memory
  • MCU MicroController Unit
  • the subsystem 14 may be configured - in a manner known per se to those of skill in the art - to implement a procedure as discussed in the following in connection with the flowchart of Figure 2 .
  • One or more embodiments as exemplified herein may involve detecting the presence of an information packet over the line PL.
  • the presence of the information packet may be determined by means of packet detection procedures known to those of skill in the art: auto-correlation and cross-correlation procedures are exemplary of these.
  • noise can be (continuously) processed at the receiver until an information packet is detected and "classified" in different noise classes as a function of the power level thereof.
  • a power value and a value indicative of the rate of occurrence of the impulsive noise can be estimated for each class of noise.
  • the power of the received packet can be estimated, again by resorting to methods known to those of skill in the art (data-aided and non-data-aided procedures may be exemplary of these), with a corresponding signal-to-noise ratio computed for each class of noise.
  • power can be estimated (computed) in the time domain or in the frequency domain.
  • a final rate of impulsive noise can be computed by considering (only) the noise included in those classes for which the signal-to-noise ratio computed is expected to have an impact on receiver performance, for instance due to the associated signal-to- noise ratio failing to exceed (for instance being lower than) a certain signal-to-noise threshold value.
  • a final signal-to-noise ratio can then be computed as a function of:
  • the resulting final signal-to-noise ratio thus calculated (estimated) can be exploited, for instance, for adaptive transmission (selection of certain modulation and/or coding scheme) as otherwise conventional in the art.
  • An arrangement as exemplified herein can be used in connection with communication channels affected by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) occurring in pulses and/or by impulsive noise as possibly generated by power-over-Ethernet devices, for instance.
  • AWGN additive white Gaussian noise
  • the flowchart of Figure 2 is exemplary of a possible sequence of acts which may be performed in a device such as 10, for instance thanks to a set of software code portions (computer program product) loaded in a memory in the interface 10, for instance in the memory 14a of the real time subsystem 14 and run, for instance on the processing core 14b provided therein.
  • a device such as 10
  • a set of software code portions computer program product
  • a check is made (in a manner known per se to those of skill in the art) as to whether a "useful" signal - an information packet towards the metering apparatus MI, for instance - is present on the power line PL.
  • N samples of signal (voltage and/or current) present on the power line PL are sampled in an act as represented by block 104 with N being an integer greater or equal to 1.
  • a value for N may be selected by taking into account various factors such as sampling rate, memory available, impulse duration, desired estimation reliability/accuracy, desired speed of estimation.
  • N may be chosen as the number of points in the associated fast Fourier transform (FFT).
  • FFT fast Fourier transform
  • the power associated to the N samples is computed (again in a manner known per se to those of skill in the art) and in an act as represented by block 108 the power computed is associated to a certain class of noise designated C i .
  • the thresholds P i can be determined experimentally taking into account the characteristics of the power line PL.
  • Block 110 in Figure 2 is exemplary of an act of computing an occurrence rate R i associated to a certain class of noise C i .
  • a counter n i relative to the class of noise C i may be incremented every time a noise power is allotted to such class of noise C i .
  • an estimate of the noise power P i associated to the class of noise C i can be computed such that P i -1 ⁇ P i ⁇ P i .
  • the estimated power P i may be computed as the average of all the power values returned by block 106 that have been associated to class of noise C i by block 108.
  • various classes C i of noise detected to be present can be possibly arranged in an orderly fashion starting from a "least noisy” class (background noise only, for instance) with "more noisy” classes identified up to a “most noisy” class, with one or more classes possibly being in fact “empty” insofar as no noise power in the range [ P i -1 , P i ) has been detected for a corresponding class C i .
  • the block 114 in Figure 12 is exemplary of an act where, as a result of a positive outcome of the act exemplified by block 102 - that is, due to an information packet being detected to be present on the line PL - the power of such an information packet P s is estimated.
  • power can be estimated (computed) in the time domain or in the frequency domain.
  • noise possibly superposed to a packet can be dealt with in estimating the useful signal power by resorting to solutions known to those of skill in the art (data-aided o non-data-aided procedures as discussed previously, for instance).
  • noise estimation is exemplified in Figure 2 as taking place before reception of a (first) information packet: it will be otherwise appreciated that noise power lends itself to be estimated by monitoring the channel (line PL) between two subsequent information packets: if no sufficient noise is available to facilitate an estimation upon arrival of a first information packet, noise estimation can be postponed to a subsequent packet(s).
  • the various signal-to-noise ratios SNR i with i > 1 estimated in the act 116 are compared against a reference threshold SNR THR .
  • such a signal-to-noise threshold can be defined based on the following principle:
  • a final estimate SNR EST can be provided for the signal-to-noise ratio associated with the power line PL.
  • Such a final estimate can be used, for instance, in order to select a modulation and coding scheme - MCS to be used for transmission over the power line PL.
  • the procedure may then reach an end condition as represented by block 130.
  • the choice of the specific function f may depend on the specific features and desired performance of the system.
  • the function f may take the form of a lookup table (computed experimentally, for instance) according to the following principles:
  • More sophisticated functions can be defined, possibly in conjunction with the procedure adopted for selecting certain MCS as a function of SNR EST .
  • One or more embodiments may facilitate estimating the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in a packet transmission system working on a communication channel (such as a power line PL) affected by impulsive noise by analyzing the incoming signal and checking the presence of an information packet.
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • a method of estimating impulsive noise affecting transmission of information packets over a communication channel (for instance, PL) affected by impulsive noise comprises:
  • a method as exemplified herein comprises:
  • a method as exemplified herein may comprise computing (for instance, 110) said respective occurrence rates as a function of a counter (for instance, n i ) relative to a certain noise power class in said respective noise power classes, said counter being incremented every time a noise power is allotted to said certain noise power class (for instance, 108).
  • a method as exemplified herein may comprise selecting (for instance, 118), out of said noise power levels, a lowest non-null power level indicative of background noise affecting said communication channel, and either one or both of:
  • a communication interface (for instance, 10) as exemplified herein may be configured to be coupled to a communication channel affected by impulsive noise and comprise signal processing circuitry (for instance, 14b) configured to perform said:
  • a communication interface as exemplified herein may be coupled to a power line communication channel in a power distribution grid.
  • a computer program product as exemplified herein is loadable in the memory (for instance, 14a) of at least one computer (14b) and include software code portions for executing the steps of the method as exemplified herein when the product is run on at least one computer (for instance, 14b).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Verfahren zum Schätzen von Impulsrauschen, welches Übertragen von Informationspaketen über einen durch Impulsrauschen beeinflussten Kommunikationskanal (PL) beeinflusst, wobei das Verfahren umfasst:
    - Überprüfen (102) des Kommunikationskanals (PL) auf das Vorhandensein von Informationspaketen, und
    - i) als Ergebnis des Überprüfens (102), Hinweisen auf die Abwesenheit von über den Kommunikationskanal (PL) übertragenen Informationspaketen, Erhalten einer Vielzahl von Sätzen von Signalabtastungen, die über den Kanal (PL) in Abwesenheit von Informationspaketen abgetastet werden, Schätzen (106) von Rauschleistungsstufen, die den Sätzen von Signalabtastungen zugeordnet sind, wobei die geschätzten Rauschleistungsstufen jeweiligen Rauschleistungsklassen zugeteilt (108) sind, die einem bestimmten Bereich von Leistungswerten zugeordnet sind,
    - ii) als Ergebnis des Überprüfens (102), Hinweisen auf das Vorhandensein von mindestens einem über den Kommunikationskanal (PL) übertragenen Informationspaket, Schätzen (114) einer Leistungsstufe eines Informationspakets, die dem Informationspaket zugeordnet ist,
    - Berechnen (116) eines Satzes an Signal-zu-Rauschen-Verhältnissen der Leistungsstufe eines Informationspakets zu den Rauschleistungsstufen in den jeweiligen Rauschleistungsklassen,
    - Vergleichen (120) der Signal-zu-Rauschen-Verhältnisse in dem Satz an Signal-zu-Rauschen-Verhältnissen mit einem Signal-zu-Rauschen-Schwellenwert, wobei die Signal-zu-Rauschen-Verhältnisse in dem Satz an Signal-zu-Rauschen-Verhältnissen in eine erste Teilmenge (122) von Signal-zu-Rauschen-Verhältnissen, die es versäumen, den Signal-zu-Rauschen-Schwellenwert zu überschreiten, und eine zweite Teilmenge (124) von Signal-zu-Rauschen-Verhältnissen, die den Signal-zu-Rauschen-Schwellenwert überschreitet, unterteilt werden, und
    - Berechnen (126, 128) mindestens eines resultierenden Impulsrauschparameters in Abhängigkeit von Impulsrauschparametern, die auf Rauschleistungsstufen hinweisen, die in den Signal-zu-Rauschen-Verhältnissen in der ersten Teilmenge (122) von Signal-zu-Rauschen-Verhältnissen beinhaltet sind, unter Nicht Berücksichtigung von Impulsrauschparametern, die auf Rauschleistungsstufen hinweisen, die in den Signal-zu-Rauschen-Verhältnissen in der zweiten Teilmenge (124) von Signal-zu-Rauschen-Verhältnissen beinhaltet sind
    wobei der mindestens eine resultierende Impulsrauschparameter eine letzte Impulsrauschrate umfasst, die in Abhängigkeit von jeweiligen Auftrittsraten (110) berechnet (126) wird, die auf die Anzahl von Malen aus einer Zeiteinheit, in der eine Rauschleistung einer jeweiligen Rauschleistungsklasse in jeweiligen Rauschleistungsklassen zugeteilt (108) wird, hinweist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, umfassend das Berechnen der jeweiligen Auftrittsraten (110) in Abhängigkeit von einem Zähler in Bezug auf eine bestimmte Rauschleistungsklasse in den jeweiligen Rauschleistungsklassen, wobei der Zähler jedes Mal inkrementiert (112) wird, wenn eine Rauschleistung dieser bestimmten Rauschleistungsklasse zugeteilt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, umfassend:
    - Auswählen (118) aus diesen Rauschleistungsstufen einer niedrigsten Leistungsstufe ungleich null, die auf ein Hintergrundgeräusch hinweist, das den Kommunikationskanal (PL) beeinflusst, und
    - Nicht Berücksichtigen des Signal-zu-Rauschen-Verhältnisses, das für diese Rauschleistungsstufe einer niedrigsten Leistungsstufe ungleich null, die auf ein Hintergrundgeräusch hinweist, berechnet wird beim Berechnen der letzten Impulsrate.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, umfassend:
    - Auswählen (118) aus den Rauschleistungsstufen einer niedrigsten Leistungsstufe ungleich null, die auf ein Hintergrundgeräusch hinweist, das den Kommunikationskanal (PL) beeinflusst,
    - Berechnen (128) eines globalen Signal-zu-Rauschen-Verhältnisses für den Kommunikationskanal (PL) in Abhängigkeit von beiden, der letzten Impulsrate, und dem Signal-zu-Rauschen-Verhältnis, das für die niedrigste Leistungsstufe ungleich null berechnet wird, die auf ein Hintergrundgeräusch hinweist.
  5. Kommunikationsschnittstelle (10), die konfiguriert ist, um mit einem Kommunikationskanal (PL) gekoppelt zu werden, der durch Impulsrauschen beeinflusst wird, wobei die Kommunikationsschnittstelle (10) einen Signalverarbeitungsschaltkreis (14b) umfasst, der konfiguriert ist um Folgendes durchzuführen:
    - das Überprüfen (102) des Kommunikationskanals (PL) auf das Vorhandensein von Informationspaketen;
    - das Berechnen (116) eines Satzes an Signal-zu-Rauschen-Verhältnissen,
    - das Vergleichen (120) der Signal-zu-Rauschen-Verhältnisse in dem Satz an Signal-zu-Rauschen-Verhältnissen mit einem Signal-zu-Rauschen-Schwellenwert, und
    - das Berechnen (126, 128) mindestens eines resultierenden Impulsrauschparameters
    mit dem Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4.
  6. Kommunikationsschnittstelle (10) nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Kommunikationsschnittstelle konfiguriert ist, um mit einem Stromleitungskommunikationskanal (PL) in einem Stromverteilungsnetz gekoppelt zu werden.
  7. Computerprogrammprodukt, das in den Speicher (14a) mindestens eines Computers (14b) ladbar ist, und Softwarecodeabschnitte zum Ausführen der Schritte des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 beinhaltet, wenn das Produkt auf mindestens einem Computer (14b) läuft.
EP20171717.0A 2019-05-10 2020-04-28 Verfahren zur rauschschätzung, zugehörige vorrichtung und computerprogrammprodukt Active EP3736993B1 (de)

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CN103647610B (zh) 2013-11-25 2015-09-30 昆明理工大学 一种基于幅值与宽度的低压电力线通信信道脉冲噪声检测方法
CN106157967A (zh) * 2015-04-28 2016-11-23 杜比实验室特许公司 脉冲噪声抑制
US9413423B1 (en) 2015-08-18 2016-08-09 Texas Instruments Incorporated SNR calculation in impulsive noise and erasure channels

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ES2907649T3 (es) 2022-04-25
US20200358541A1 (en) 2020-11-12
EP3736993A1 (de) 2020-11-11

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