EP3736935A1 - Système d'éolienne doté d'un dispositif de compensation de puissance réactive intégré - Google Patents

Système d'éolienne doté d'un dispositif de compensation de puissance réactive intégré Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3736935A1
EP3736935A1 EP20173038.9A EP20173038A EP3736935A1 EP 3736935 A1 EP3736935 A1 EP 3736935A1 EP 20173038 A EP20173038 A EP 20173038A EP 3736935 A1 EP3736935 A1 EP 3736935A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reactive power
wind turbine
compensation device
converter
generator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20173038.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Yashomani Yashodhan KOLHATKAR
Olive Ray
Kasi Viswanadha Raju Gadiraju
Arvind Kumar Tiwari
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Renovables Espana SL
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Publication of EP3736935A1 publication Critical patent/EP3736935A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1892—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks the arrangements being an integral part of the load, e.g. a motor, or of its control circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/60—Cooling or heating of wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/007—Control circuits for doubly fed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/02—Details of the control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/337—Electrical grid status parameters, e.g. voltage, frequency or power demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to power generating systems, and, more particularly, to a system and method for coordinated control of various sources of reactive power in a wind turbine system.
  • the generator is electrically coupled to a bi-directional power converter that includes a rotor-side converter (RSC) joined to a line-side converter (LSC) via a regulated DC link.
  • RSC rotor-side converter
  • LSC line-side converter
  • Each of the RSC and the LSC typically includes a bank of pulse width modulated switching devices, for example insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT modules).
  • IGBT modules insulated gate bipolar transistors
  • the LSC converts the DC power on the DC link into AC output power that is combined with the power from the generator stator to provide multi-phase power having a frequency maintained substantially at the frequency of the electrical grid bus (e.g. 50 HZ or 60 HZ).
  • the above system is generally referred to as a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) system, whose operating principles include that the rotor windings are connected to the grid via slip rings and the power converter controls rotor current and voltage. Control of rotor voltage and current enables the generator to remain synchronized with the grid frequency while the wind turbine speed varies (e.g., rotor frequency can differ from the grid frequency). Also, the primary source of reactive power from the DFIG system is from the RSC via the generator (generator stator-side reactive power) and the LSC (generator line-side reactive power).
  • DFIG doubly-fed induction generator
  • the power converter in particular the RSC
  • the generator is able to import or export reactive power, which allows the system to support the grid during extreme voltage fluctuations on the grid.
  • the amount of reactive power to be supplied by a wind farm to the grid during steady-state and transient conditions is established by a code requirement dictated by the grid operator, wherein a wind farm controller determines the reactive power demand made on each wind turbine within the wind farm.
  • a local controller at each wind turbine receives and allocates the reactive power demand between the generator sources (e.g., between generator-side reactive power and line-side reactive power).
  • the present disclosure is directed to a wind turbine system configured to supply real and reactive power to a grid
  • the wind turbine system includes a tower, and a generator within a nacelle configured atop the tower.
  • the generator is connected to a rotor, which is connected to a hub having a plurality of turbine blades mounted thereon.
  • a power converter is configured at a location within the tower, such as an up-tower (e.g. closer to the nacelle) or down-tower location (e.g. at or near ground level within the tower).
  • a dedicated reactive power compensation device is also configured at the down-tower location within the tower, wherein the reactive power compensation device is operably configured with the power converter to provide reactive power in combination with reactive power generated by the power converter.
  • a common controller may be configured with the reactive power compensation device and the power converter.
  • the power converter and the reactive power compensation device may be configured at a common side of a main breaker in a system bus that connects the generator to the grid.
  • the wind turbine system may further include a cooling system that is common to the power converter and the reactive power compensation device.
  • This embodiment may also include a controller that is common to the power converter and the reactive power compensation device.
  • the generator is a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), and the power converter includes a line side converter (LSC) and a rotor side converter (RSC).
  • the DFIG generates a generator stator-side reactive power (Qs) via the RSC and the LSC generates a generator liner-side reactive power (Ql).
  • the reactive power compensation device generates reactive power (Qmvb) that combines with (Ql) such that a total reactive power generated by the wind turbine system (Qwtg) is a total of (Qs), (Ql), and (Qmvb).
  • the reactive power compensation device may be connected with the LSC at a connection point on a bus, such as the line-side bus.
  • a system bus that includes a main breaker may connect the DFIG to the grid, wherein the compensation device and the power converter on a common side of the main breaker.
  • the wind turbine system may also include a power converter controller having a LSC controller and a RSC controller, wherein the LSC controller is also configured with the reactive power compensation device to control the operation thereof.
  • the wind turbine system may include a cooling system configured to provide a cooling medium to the power converter and the reactive power compensation device.
  • the cooling system may include a heat exchanger, wherein the reactive power compensation device and the power converter are arranged in a common closed-loop cooling path with the heat exchanger.
  • the LSC and the RSC may be arranged in the closed-loop cooling path.
  • the reactive power compensation device may be arranged in a first closed-loop cooling path with the heat exchanger, and the LSC may be arranged in a separate, second closed-loop cooling path.
  • the RSC may also be arranged in the second closed-loop cooling path.
  • Reactive power compensation devices are known, and the present reactive power compensation device may be any one or combination of such devices, such as a Static VAR compensator (SVC), a Static VAR Generator (SVG) device, or a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) device.
  • SVC Static VAR compensator
  • SVG Static VAR Generator
  • STATCOM Static Synchronous Compensator
  • the present subject matter is directed to a wind turbine system that supplies real and reactive power to a grid
  • the wind turbine system includes a tower, and a generator within a nacelle configured atop the tower.
  • a power converter is configured at a down-tower location within the tower (e.g. at or near ground level within the tower).
  • a dedicated (i.e., individual to the wind turbine system) reactive power compensation device is also configured at the down-tower location within the tower, wherein the reactive power compensation device is operably configured with the power converter to provide reactive power in combination with reactive power generated by the power converter.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of one embodiment of a wind turbine 10.
  • the wind turbine 10 generally includes a tower 12 extending from a support surface 14, a nacelle 16 mounted on the tower 12, and a rotor 18 coupled to the nacelle 16.
  • the rotor 18 includes a rotatable hub 20 and at least one rotor blade 22 coupled to and extending outwardly from the hub 20.
  • the rotor 18 includes three rotor blades 22.
  • the rotor 18 may include more or less than three rotor blades 22.
  • Each rotor blade 22 may be spaced about the hub 20 to facilitate rotating the rotor 18 to enable kinetic energy to be transferred from the wind into usable mechanical energy, and subsequently, electrical energy.
  • the rotor 18 may be rotatably coupled to an electric generator 120 ( FIG. 2 ) for production of electrical energy.
  • Wind power generation is typically provided by a wind farm having a large number (often 100 or more) of the wind turbines 10 with associated wind turbine generators 120 ( FIG. 2 ), wherein each individual wind turbine 10 typically experiences a unique wind force. Accordingly, the output power for each individual wind turbine generator 120 may vary from one wind turbine 10 to another wind turbine 10 within the wind farm.
  • active power (P) and reactive power (Q) are provided by each wind turbine generator 120.
  • a farm-level controller 177 FIG. 2 ) provides reactive power commands (Qcmd) to the wind turbine generators 120, based on transmission grid needs (which may be dictated by the grid operator or determined based on grid voltage). The (Qcmd) demand may be identical for each wind turbine generator.
  • the reactive power commands may be individually tailored to the wind turbine generators 120 in the wind farm based on the different power generation characteristics of the respective wind turbine generators 120, as described, for example in US Pat. Pub. No. 2015/0295529 . It should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the manner or methodology in which the reactive power command for an individual wind turbine generator 120 is generated.
  • FIG. 2 a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a wind turbine DFIG power system 100 ("wind turbine system") is illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present subject matter.
  • wind turbine system a wind turbine DFIG power system 100
  • FIG. 2 a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a wind turbine DFIG power system 100
  • the present subject matter will generally be described herein with reference to the system 100 shown in FIG. 2 , those of ordinary skill in the art, using the disclosures provided herein, should understand that aspects of the present disclosure may also be applicable in other power generation systems, and, as mentioned above, that the invention is not limited to wind turbine systems.
  • the rotor 18 of the wind turbine 10 may, optionally, be coupled to a gear box 118, which is, in turn, coupled to the generator 120, which may be a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG).
  • DFIG doubly fed induction generator
  • the DFIG 120 is connected to a stator bus 154.
  • a power converter is connected to the DFIG 120 via a rotor bus 156, and to the stator bus 154 via a line side bus 188.
  • the stator bus 154 provides an output multiphase power (e.g. three-phase power) from a stator of the DFIG 120
  • the rotor bus 156 provides an output multiphase power (e.g. three-phase power) from a rotor of the DFIG 120.
  • the power converter 162 includes a rotor side converter (RSC) 166 and a line side converter (LSC) 168.
  • the DFIG 120 is coupled via the rotor bus 156 to the rotor side converter 166.
  • the RSC 166 is coupled to the LSC 168 via a DC link 136 across which is a DC link capacitor 138.
  • the LSC 168 is, in turn, coupled to a line side bus 188.
  • the RSC 166 and the LSC 168 may be configured for normal operating mode in a three-phase, pulse width modulation (PWM) arrangement using insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switching elements, as will be discussed in more detail with respect to FIG. 3 .
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
  • the power converter 162 is coupled to a converter controller 174 in order to control the operation of the rotor side converter 166 and the line side converter 168.
  • the converter controller 174 may be configured as an interface between the power converter 162 and a local wind turbine controller (control system) 176 and include any number of control devices.
  • the controller 174 may include a processing device (e.g. microprocessor, microcontroller, etc.) executing computer-readable instructions stored in a computer-readable medium. The instructions when executed by the processing device may cause the processing device to perform operations, including providing control commands (e.g. switching frequency commands) to the switching elements of the power converter 162.
  • control commands e.g. switching frequency commands
  • the reactive power is supplied primarily by the RSC, via the generator 120 and the LSC.
  • various line contactors and circuit breakers including, for example, a grid breaker 182 may also be included for isolating the various components as necessary for normal operation of the DFIG 120 during connection to and disconnection from a load, such as the electrical grid 184.
  • a system circuit breaker 178 may couple the system bus 160 to a transformer 180, which may be coupled to the electrical grid 184 via the grid breaker 182.
  • fuses may replace some or all of the circuit breakers.
  • alternating current power generated at the DFIG 120 by rotating the rotor 18 is provided to the electrical grid 184 via dual paths defined by the stator bus 154 and the rotor bus 156.
  • sinusoidal multi-phase (e.g. three-phase) alternating current (AC) power is provided to the power converter 162.
  • the rotor side power converter 166 converts the AC power provided from the rotor bus 156 into direct current (DC) power and provides the DC power to the DC link 136.
  • switching elements e.g. IGBTs
  • IGBTs switching elements used in the bridge circuits of the rotor side power converter 166 may be modulated to convert the AC power provided from the rotor bus 156 into DC power suitable for the DC link 136.
  • the line side converter 168 converts the DC power on the DC link 136 into AC output power suitable for the electrical grid 184.
  • switching elements e.g. IGBTs
  • the AC power from the power converter 162 can be combined with the power from the stator of DFIG 120 to provide multi-phase power (e.g. three-phase power) having a frequency maintained substantially at the frequency of the electrical grid 184 (e.g. 50 Hz or 60 Hz).
  • various circuit breakers and switches such as grid breaker 182, system breaker 178, stator sync switch 158, converter breaker 186, and line contactor 172 may be included in the wind turbine power system 100 to connect or disconnect corresponding buses, for example, when current flow is excessive and may damage components of the wind turbine power system 100 or for other operational considerations. Additional protection components may also be included in the wind turbine power system 100.
  • the power converter 162 may receive control signals from, for instance, the local control system 176 via the converter controller 174.
  • the control signals may be based, among other things, on sensed conditions or operating characteristics of the wind turbine power system 100, and provide for control of the operation of the power converter 162.
  • feedback in the form of a sensed speed of the DFIG 120 may be used to control the conversion of the output power from the rotor bus 156 to maintain a proper and balanced multi-phase (e.g. three-phase) power supply.
  • the sensed speed may be used as a basis for adjusting the switching frequency of the switching elements (e.g., when the DIFG 120 is operating at or near its synchronous speed).
  • controller 174 or control system 176 may also be used by the controller 174 or control system 176 to control the power converter 162, including, for example, stator and rotor bus voltages and current feedbacks.
  • switching control signals e.g. gate timing commands for IGBTs
  • stator synchronizing control signals e.g. stator synchronizing control signals
  • circuit breaker signals may be generated.
  • the power converter 162 also compensates or adjusts the frequency of the three-phase power from the rotor for changes, for example, in the wind speed at hub 20 and blades 22. Therefore, mechanical and electrical rotor frequencies are decoupled and the electrical stator and rotor frequency matching is facilitated substantially independently of the mechanical rotor speed.
  • the bi-directional characteristics of the power converter 162, and specifically, the bi-directional characteristics of the LSC 168 and RSC 166 facilitate feeding back at least some of the generated electrical power into generator rotor. More specifically, electrical power is transmitted from the stator bus 154 to line side bus 188 and subsequently through the line contactor 172 and into the power converter 162, specifically the LSC 168 which acts as a rectifier and rectifies the sinusoidal, three-phase AC power to DC power. The DC power is transmitted into DC link 136. Capacitor 138 facilitates mitigating DC link voltage amplitude variations by facilitating mitigation of a DC ripple sometimes associated with three-phase AC rectification.
  • the DC power is subsequently transmitted to the RSC 166 that converts the DC electrical power to a three-phase, sinusoidal AC electrical power with predetermined voltages, currents, and frequencies. This conversion is monitored and controlled via converter controller 174.
  • the converted AC power is transmitted from RSC 166 via rotor bus 156 to the generator rotor. In this manner, generator reactive power control is facilitated by controlling rotor current and voltage.
  • the rotor side converter (RSC) 166 includes a plurality of bridge circuits (e.g. H-bridge circuits), with each phase of the rotor bus 156 input to the rotor side converter 166 being coupled to a single bridge circuit.
  • the line side converter (LSC) 168 may also include a plurality of bridge circuits. Similar to the rotor side converter 166, the line side converter 168 also includes a single bridge circuit for each output phase of the line converter 168.
  • the line side converter 168, the rotor side converter 166, or both the line side converter 168 and the rotor side converter 166 may include parallel bridge circuits without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • Each bridge circuit may generally include a plurality of switching elements (e.g. IGBTs) coupled in series with one another.
  • each bridge circuit includes an upper IGBT (e.g. IGBT 212) and a lower IGBT (e.g. IGBT 214).
  • a diode may be coupled in parallel with each of the IGBTs.
  • parallel IGBTs and diodes may be used to increase the current rating of the converter.
  • the line side converter 168 and the rotor side converter 166 may be controlled, for instance, by providing control commands, using a suitable driver circuit, to the gates of the IGBTs.
  • the converter controller 174 may provide suitable gate timing commands to the gates of the IGBTs of the bridge circuits.
  • the control commands may control the switching frequency of the IGBTs to provide a desired output.
  • the power convertor 162 may include any other suitable switching elements.
  • FIG. 4 depicts real and reactive power flow in a wind turbine power system 100 configured with a DFIG system 102.
  • the primary source of reactive power in the DFIG system is from the RSC 168 via the generator 102 (generator stator-side reactive power (Qs)) and the LSC 168 (generator line-side reactive power (Ql)).
  • a harmonic distortion filter 175 is configured in the line side bus.
  • Use of the power converter 162, in particular the RSC 166, to control the rotor current makes it is possible to adjust the total reactive power (Qwtg) of the system 100 fed to the grid from the RSC 166 independently of the rotational speed of the generator 102.
  • the DFIG generator 102 is able to import or export reactive power, which allows the system to support the grid during extreme voltage fluctuations on the grid.
  • the wind turbine power system 100 includes a dedicated reactive power compensation device 200 (also referred to herein as a modular VAR Box (MVB)) that generates an auxiliary reactive power (Qmvb).
  • the reactive power compensation device 200 is connected to the line side bus (with a different harmonic distortion filter 175) such that (Qmvb) combines with (Ql) on the line side bus as (Q), wherein (Q) and (Qs) are combined at the three-way transformer 202.
  • Total reactive power (Qwtg) and total real power (Pwtg) are delivered from the transformer 202 to the grid.
  • the maximum reactive power capacities for (Qmvb), (Qs), and (Ql) are determined in real-time based on any one or combination of: power system operating state; ambient temperature; or thermal constraints of the generator; power converter, or reactive power compensation device.
  • the values for (Qmvb), (Qs), and (Ql) may be continuously or periodically determined and updated in the control system.
  • the reactive power compensation device 200 may be any one or combination of a Static VAR compensator (SVC), a Static VAR Generator (SVG) device, or a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) device.
  • SVC Static VAR compensator
  • SVG Static VAR Generator
  • STATCOM Static Synchronous Compensator
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of an embodiment of the wind turbine power system 100 wherein the MVB 200 is integrated with the power converter 162.
  • This system 100 includes a controller 206 that is common to the power converter 162 (e.g., the LSC 168) and the reactive power compensation device 200.
  • the LSC 168 and the MVB may share common control wiring/cables and controller, and a separate controller (and related structure) is not needed for the MVB 200.
  • the wind turbine power system 100 may also include a cooling system 210 that is common to the power converter 162 and the MVB 200.
  • a separate cooling system is not needed for the MVB 200.
  • Embodiments of the cooling system 210 will be described below.
  • a down-tower location 226 is depicted within the wind turbine tower 12.
  • the "down-tower" location is at or near the ground level within the tower 12 where the electronic control cabinets are located in many designs, including the power converter 162 and controller 174.
  • a cooling system 210 is configured to deliver a cooling medium (e.g. air or liquid) to the electronic components to maintain the components within an acceptable operating temperature range.
  • the MVB 200 may also located at the down-tower location 226 in proximity to the power converter 162 and is also cooled by the same cooling system 210.
  • the power converter controller 174 is configured with a LSC controller 206 and a RSC controller 208.
  • a control line 224 connects the LSC controller 206 with the MVB 200 so that the MVB is also controlled by the LSC controller 206.
  • the MVB 200 and control electronics may be located at any location within the tower 12, such as an up-tower location that is closer to the nacelle 16 or any other location between a down-tower and up-tower location.
  • the reactive power compensation device 200 may be connected with the LSC 168 at a connection point 204 on a bus, such as the line-side bus 188.
  • a bus such as the line-side bus 188.
  • both the LSC 168 and the MVB 200 are commonly connected to the same three-way transformer 202.
  • the MVB may include its own DC link 203.
  • the wind turbine system 100 includes a main breaker 182 in the system bus 160 that isolates the system 100 from the grid 184.
  • the MVB 200 is on the same side of the main breaker 182 as the power converter 162.
  • the same breaker 182 provides protection to the DFIG system and the MVB 200.
  • cooling system 210 may be variously configured within the scope and spirit of the invention to provide a cooling functionality to the various electronic components, including the power converter 162, controller 174, and MVB 200.
  • various configurations of an open-loop or closed-loop cooling system may be utilized, wherein a cooling medium 212 (e.g., air, gas, or liquid) is used to provide the cooling effect.
  • FIG. 7 depicts an embodiment wherein the cooling system 210 includes a heat exchanger 214 that is common to the MVB 200 and the power converter 162.
  • a first closed loop cooling path 220 may circulate the cooling medium 212 between the MVB 200 and the heat exchanger 214 with the aid of motive device 216 (which may be a fan as depicted in the figures for a gaseous/air cooling medium or a pump for a liquid cooling medium).
  • a separate, second closed loop cooling path 222 may circulate the cooling medium 212 between the same heat exchanger 214 and the LSC 168 and LSC controller 206 with the aid of a second motive device 217.
  • the second closed loop cooling path 222 may include the RSC 166 and RSC controller 208, as depicted in FIG. 7
  • FIG. 8 depicts an embodiment wherein the MVB 200 is configured adjacent the power converter 162, for example, adjacent to the LSC 168.
  • a single closed-loop cooling path 218 is established between the heat exchanger 214 and the MVB 200 and power converter 162, particularly the LSC 168 and LSC controller 206, with the LSC controller being common to the MVB 200.
  • the cooling path 218 may also include the RSC 166 and the RSC controller 208.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
EP20173038.9A 2019-05-06 2020-05-05 Système d'éolienne doté d'un dispositif de compensation de puissance réactive intégré Pending EP3736935A1 (fr)

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