EP3728978B1 - Heat exchanger having superposed spacer inserts - Google Patents
Heat exchanger having superposed spacer inserts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3728978B1 EP3728978B1 EP18833962.6A EP18833962A EP3728978B1 EP 3728978 B1 EP3728978 B1 EP 3728978B1 EP 18833962 A EP18833962 A EP 18833962A EP 3728978 B1 EP3728978 B1 EP 3728978B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- corrugation
- channels
- exchanger according
- plates
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001080024 Telles Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940082150 encore Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002345 surface coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
- F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
- F25J5/005—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/003—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by using permeable mass, perforated or porous materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
- F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2215/00—Fins
- F28F2215/10—Secondary fins, e.g. projections or recesses on main fins
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/04—Fastening; Joining by brazing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat exchanger of the plate and fin type as well as an intermediate element suitable for such an exchanger.
- the present invention finds particular application in the field of gas separation by cryogenics, in particular air separation by cryogenics (known by the acronym "ASU" for air separation unit) used for the production of gaseous oxygen under pressure.
- ASU air separation by cryogenics
- the present invention can be applied to a heat exchanger which vaporizes a liquid flow, for example liquid oxygen, nitrogen and / or argon by heat exchange with a circulating gas, for example example air or nitrogen.
- the heat exchanger is located in the bottom of a distillation column, it can constitute a vaporizer operating in thermosiphon for which the exchanger is immersed in a liquid bath descending the column or a vaporizer operating in film vaporization fed directly by the liquid falling from the column and / or by a recirculation pump.
- the present invention can also be applied to a heat exchanger which vaporizes at least one flow of liquid-gas mixture, in particular a flow of mixture with several constituents, for example a mixture of hydrocarbons, by heat exchange with at least another fluid, for example natural gas.
- the technology currently used for an exchanger is that of brazed aluminum plate and fin or wave exchangers, which make it possible to obtain very compact devices offering a large exchange surface.
- These exchangers include separating plates between which are inserted heat exchange structures, generally corrugated or wave structures, formed of a succession of fins or wave legs, thus constituting a stack of passages for the different fluids to be placed. in heat exchange relationship.
- the performance of an exchanger is linked to the heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchange structures in contact with the fluids.
- the heat exchange coefficient of a structure depends in particular on the nature of the material constituting it, on the porosity of this material, on its roughness and on the flow regime of the fluids.
- Exchanger passages are also known comprising a superposition of exchange structures. These structures form within the passages fluid flow channels which extend parallel to each other.
- WO-A-2004/109211 describes a method of depositing a porous coating on the surface of a separator plate of a heat exchanger.
- a problem which arises with the use of surfaces intensified by texturing in brazed aluminum exchangers relates to the assembly of elements comprising such surfaces during the manufacture of the exchanger.
- connection of the constituent elements of the exchanger is carried out by brazing with the use of a filler metal, called brazing or brazing agent, the assembly being obtained by melting and diffusion of the brazing agent within parts to be brazed, without melting them.
- a filler metal called brazing or brazing agent
- one solution is to texturize the heat exchange structures after the brazing of these structures in the exchanger has been carried out.
- a more general problem concerns the mechanical strength of the exchanger during its manufacture. Indeed, the passages of the exchanger are subjected to significant compressive forces during the vacuum brazing operation. In certain configurations, in particular when structures with a low density of fins are used, the rigidity of the heat exchange structures arranged in the passages may prove to be insufficient to guarantee their resistance to compression.
- the object of the present invention is to resolve all or part of the above-mentioned problems, in particular to improve the mechanical strength of a heat exchanger of the brazed plate and fin type and to improve the manufacture of such an exchanger. when it presents exchange structures with improved thermal properties.
- a heat exchanger comprises a stack of plates arranged parallel one above the other with spacing and thus forming several series of passages of parallelepipedal and flat shape for the flow of a first fluid. and at least one second fluid to be placed in an indirect heat exchange relationship via the plates.
- the first fluid comprises a refrigerant to be vaporized at least partially.
- the Figure 1 schematically illustrates an example of passage 33 of an exchanger 1 of the vaporizer-condenser type supplied with liquid oxygen.
- This vaporizer-condenser vaporizes the liquid oxygen OL under low pressure (typically slightly higher than atmospheric pressure) collected at the bottom of a column, by condensation of medium pressure nitrogen (typically 5 to 6 bars absolute) circulating in passages adjacent passages 33 (not shown) dedicated to the circulation of oxygen.
- the medium pressure nitrogen is most often taken in the gaseous state at the top of a medium pressure air distillation column to which the low pressure column mentioned above is connected. After passing through and at least partial condensation in the vaporizer-condenser, this nitrogen is returned to the medium pressure column.
- the exchanger 1 can vaporize at least one flow of liquid-gas mixture, in particular a flow of mixture with several constituents, for example a mixture of hydrocarbons, by heat exchange with at least one other fluid, for example natural gas.
- the invention may relate to a method of exchanging heat between a first fluid and at least a second fluid in a heat exchanger according to the invention, said first fluid flowing in passage 33 at a lower pressure or equal to 5 bar, preferably a pressure of between 1 and 2 bar.
- All or part of the vaporization passages 33 of the exchanger 1 are provided with intermediate elements 221 defining, within the passages 33, channels 26 for the circulation of liquid oxygen and which can take different shapes.
- the spacers 221 may have wavy shapes, as shown in Figure 7 , and comprise wave legs 123 connected alternately by wave tops 121 and wave bases 122.
- the term “fins” is used to refer to the wave legs which connect the successive peaks and bases of the wave. 'wave.
- the spacers 221 can take other particular shapes defined according to the desired fluid flow characteristics. More generally, the term “fins” covers blades or other secondary heat exchange surfaces, which extend between the primary heat exchange surfaces, that is to say the plates of the exchanger, in the passages of the exchanger.
- the intermediate elements 221 are connected by brazing to the separator plates of the exchanger.
- the connection is made by vacuum brazing with the use of a filler metal 30, called brazing or brazing agent, the assembly being obtained by melting and diffusion of brazing agent 30 within the parts to be brazed, that is to say in the base metal, without melting them.
- the Figure 2 is a partial view of a first intermediate element 221 assembled to a first plate 6 adapted to define, in association with a another second parallel plate 7 (not shown), a passage 33 of the exchanger 1.
- the first intermediate element 221 and the plate 6 respectively comprise assembly portions 121, 60 intended to be brazed with one another.
- the assembly portions 121, 60 are positioned against each other, preferably with a slight clearance between them in order to interpose the brazing agent 30 therein.
- the assembly portions 121, 60 may be those where the clearance between the parts 221, 6 is the smallest, typically the portions at which the parts 221, 6 are in contact with one another or in quasi-contact, that is to say with a very low clearance existing between all or part of said portions, one with the other.
- a small clearance is between 0 and 0.1 mm, more preferably between 0 and 0.05 mm.
- the plates 6, 7 of the exchanger are co-laminated plates comprising a central sheet 40, each face of which is coated with a layer 30.
- the brazing agent 30 may take the form of 'a strip or a surface coating layer 30.
- the coating layer 30 can be deposited by spraying or brushing the brazing agent 30 in the form of a powder suspension containing the powder, a dispersant. , a binder, additives to control viscosity.
- the brazing agent 30 has a thickness e of between 50 and 300 ⁇ m, preferably between 100 and 250 ⁇ m.
- the brazing agent 30 is preferably formed of a metallic material having a melting temperature lower than that of the constituent materials of the parts 6, 221.
- the parts 6, 221 and 30 are preferably formed of an aluminum alloy.
- the plates and the intermediate elements of the exchanger are advantageously formed from a first aluminum alloy of the 3XXX family, preferably of the 3003 type (ASME SB-2019 SECTION 2-B standard).
- the brazing agent 30 is formed from a second aluminum alloy, preferably an alloy of the 4XXX type (ASME SB-2019 SECTION 2-B standard), in particular of the 4004 type.
- the exchanger comprises a first intermediate element 221 and a second intermediate element 222 superimposed in the height H of a passage 33 for the first fluid.
- the first intermediate element 221 extends opposite the first plate 6 and the second intermediate element 222 extends opposite the second plate 7.
- the superposition of the first and second intermediate elements forms an assembly of generally parallelepipedal shape. .
- the first intermediate element 221 defines a first set of channels 26 extending parallel to a first direction z1 and the second intermediate element 222 defines a second set of channels 27 extending parallel to a second direction z2.
- the first and second directions z1, z2 are parallel to the plates 6, 7 and form between them, in section in a plane parallel to the first and second plates 6, 7, an acute angle A with the second direction z2.
- the Figure 3 thus shows an example of an arrangement according to the invention according to two cross-sectional planes P1 and P2 arranged at different positions in the longitudinal direction z, that is to say in the length L of the passage 33.
- This arrangement is also schematically in longitudinal section in a plane parallel to the plates 6, 7 on the Figure 4 .
- intermediate elements promotes the compressive strength of the passages during vacuum brazing of the exchanger.
- this makes it possible to use intermediate elements of reduced heights, which is advantageous when it is desired to work with greater densities of fins.
- channels of reduced height are more accessible, which facilitates the realization of surface texturings when this is desirable.
- the acute angle A is non-zero.
- the acute angle A is less than or equal to 30 °, more preferably less than or equal to 20 °. More preferably, the acute angle A is greater than or equal to 5 °, preferably greater than or equal to 10 °.
- the flow of the first fluid takes place generally in the longitudinal direction z, which is preferably vertical during operation of the exchanger.
- the first direction z1 forms a first angle ⁇ with the longitudinal direction z and / or the second direction z2 forming a second angle ⁇ with the longitudinal direction z, the first and second angles ⁇ , ⁇ being less than or equal to 15 °, preferably between 1 and 10 °. It being specified that the first and second angles are not necessarily equal.
- the mechanical strength of the passage 33 is improved while limiting, or even avoiding, the risk of disturbing the flow of the first fluid or of creating dead zones within the passage. ie areas of fluid stagnation.
- one of the intermediate elements, the first 221 on the Figure 5 comprises channels 26 which extend parallel to a first direction z1 which is parallel to the longitudinal direction z.
- the first angle ⁇ is equal to 0 °.
- the first intermediate element 221 may comprise a first set of fins or wave legs 123 delimiting the first set of channels 26 and the second intermediate element 222 may comprise a second set of fins or wave legs 223 delimiting the second set of channels 27.
- the fins or wave legs 123, 223 form the side walls of the channels 26, 27 and extend generally in the first and second directions z1, z2.
- the fins or wave legs 223 of the first set succeeding each other in a first lateral direction x1 parallel to the plates 6, 7 and orthogonal to the first direction z1 and the fins or wave legs 223 of the second set succeeding each other in a second direction lateral x2 parallel to the plates 6, 7 and orthogonal to the second direction z2.
- the channels 26 of the first set and the channels 27 of the second set are arranged so that each channel 26 of the first set crosses at least one channel 27 of the second set at a point of intersection i, as illustrated in FIG. Figure 3 .
- the exchange structure formed by the superposition of the first and second intermediate elements 221, 222 extends generally from the first plate 6 to the second plate 7, the first and second intermediate elements coming at least in part to rest on the 'one on top of the other, so as to stiffen the passage 33.
- the passage 33 comprises several superimpositions of first and second intermediate elements 221, 222 succeeding one another, preferably in juxtaposition, in the longitudinal direction z.
- first and second intermediate elements 221, 222 succeeding one another, preferably in juxtaposition, in the longitudinal direction z.
- the first and second directions z1, z2 can optionally vary depending on the superposition 221, 222 considered.
- the Figure 6 illustrates the case where the first and second directions z1, z2 are the same for each superposition.
- first intermediate element 221 is intended to be assembled by brazing to the first plate 6 and the second intermediate element 222 is intended to be assembled by brazing to the second plate 7.
- the first element 221 preferably comprises at least a first assembly portion 121 positioned against the first plate 6 (not illustrated on Figure 4 ).
- the first assembly portion 121 comprises a first pair of opposing surfaces 121a, 121b, one 121a oriented towards the side of the first plate 6 and the other 121b oriented towards the side of the second plate 7.
- the Figure 8 shows a second intermediate element 222 comprising at least a second assembly portion 321 positioned against the second plate 7.
- the second portion 321 comprises a second pair of opposing surfaces 321a, 321b, one 321a being oriented towards the side of the first plate 6 and the other 321b being oriented towards the side of the second plate 7.
- positioned against are understood to mean an assembly portion juxtaposed to a plate, with or without play existing between all or part of the portion and the plate.
- first and second intermediate elements 221, 222 comprise at least one surface texturing 23 in the form of a porous structure or reliefs formed on surfaces of the first and second intermediate elements 221, 222.
- the intermediate elements may have one or more predetermined shapes of surface texturing distributed over different areas of its surface, it being understood that a surface texturing may as well be carried out in the surfaces of the material constituting the intermediate elements as well as 'be deposited there, that is to say result from an addition of additional material on the surfaces of the spacers.
- the intermediate elements 221, 222 each comprise a solid substrate, in particular a non-porous substrate, on which the texturing 23 is formed.
- the substrates may comprise one or more first and / or second assembly portions, the fins or wave legs.
- each intermediate element is preferably in one piece, that is to say formed from a single piece.
- the surface texturing 23 may result from a surface coating deposited on the element or else from a modification of the surface condition of said element parts.
- the surface texturing 23 may result from a surface coating deposited on the substrates of the intermediate elements, in particular a coating deposited by the liquid route, in particular by dipping, spraying or by the electrolytic route, by the dry route, in particular by deposition.
- Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) or Physical Vapor Deposition (CVD ) or by thermal spraying, in particular by flame or by plasma.
- the modification of the surface condition of said parts can be obtained by a chemical treatment or by a mechanical treatment, for example by sandblasting, grooving, etc.
- the surface texturing is formed from aluminum or an aluminum alloy comprising, for 100% of its mass, at least 80% by mass of aluminum, preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least. minus 99% aluminum.
- the surface texturing 23 is in the form of a porous structure, preferably a porous layer.
- the porous structure can for example be formed from a deposit of lightly sintered aluminum particles, entangled aluminum filaments, semi-molten aluminum particles stuck to each other, such as aluminum particles which are obtained after projection obtained by thermal projection by flame.
- the surface texturing 23 has, before brazing, an open porosity of between 15 and 60%, preferably between 20 and 45%, more preferably an initial open porosity of between 25 and 35% (% by volume).
- the open porosity is defined as the ratio between the volume of the open pores, that is to say the pores fluidly communicating with the external environment in which the intermediate element considered is located, and the total volume of the porous structure.
- the pores of the porous structure 23 preferably have a diameter of between 1 and 200 ⁇ m, preferably between 5 and 100 ⁇ m. It being noted that the pores are not necessarily of circular section but may have irregular shapes.
- the term “diameter” therefore also covers an equivalent hydraulic diameter which can be calculated from measurement of the pressure drop undergone by a gas flow through the porous structure and assuming that the pores have a regular shape, in particular spherical, cylindrical, ...
- the size of the pores can also be characterized by their volume.
- the pores of the porous structure 23 have a volume of between 1,000 and 1,000,000 ⁇ m 3 .
- the volume of the pores may for example be determined by tomography or by analysis of images of polished sections of samples taken in a multitude of directions in space.
- the surface texturing 23 may be in the form of reliefs, or patterns, printed or produced in or on the material constituting the substrate of an intermediate element.
- these reliefs define, in cross section, cavities open to the surface of the element.
- micro-reliefs or various size or morphology, such as grooves, discrete or uninterrupted, striations, protuberances, ... could be formed or deposited on the surface of the element considered.
- the reliefs forming the surface texturing 23 can be produced by laser or mechanical and / or chemical machining.
- insert elements 221, 222 with surface texturing can be arranged in a zone 3 of a passage 33 of the exchanger into which the rising oxygen penetrates, the elements thus having on the surface porosities or reliefs multiplying the sites of initiation for the formation of the oxygen gas bubbles OG.
- At least one fin or wave leg 123 of the first set and at least one fin or wave leg 223 of the second set having said surface texturing 23, the first assembly portion 121 being free of texturing 23 at the bottom. less on its surface 121a oriented towards the side of the first plate 6 and said second assembly portion 321 being free from texturing 23 at least on its surface 321b oriented towards the side of the second plate 7.
- the wettability and good solderability of the surfaces of the first and second intermediate elements intended to be positioned against the adjacent plates to be assembled there by soldering are preserved.
- the distribution of the brazing agent at the joint can be controlled, which results in a joint having good mechanical and thermal properties.
- the surfaces 6a, 6b, and 7a, 7b of the plates 6, 7 are free from surface texturing. This preserves the quality of the brazing joints formed with the plates.
- the first assembly portion 121 has the surface texturing 23 on its surface 121b oriented towards the side of the second plate 7, preferably on all or almost all of said surface 121b, and the second assembly portion 221 has the surface texturing 23 on its surface 321a oriented towards the side of the first plate 6, preferably on all or almost all of said surface 321a.
- the first assembly portion 121 of the first intermediate element 221 is arranged between two successive fins or wave legs 123 of the first set, the surface 121b oriented towards the side of the second plate 7 having two ends each connected to a surface connecting 123a of each of the two fins or wave legs 123.
- the fins or wave legs 123 define between them a channel 26 whose bottom, formed by the first assembly portion, and the side walls, formed by the two fins 123, has internal surfaces with an exchange coefficient. improved thermal.
- the second assembly portion 321 of the second intermediate element 222 can be arranged between two fins or wave legs 223 of the second set, the surface 321a of the second pair oriented towards the side of the first plate 6 having two connected ends. each to a connecting surface 223a, 223b of each of the two fins or wave legs 223, said surface 321a of the second pair and said connecting surfaces 223a exhibiting the surface texturing 23, preferably over all or substantially all.
- the fins or wave legs 223 define between them a channel 27 whose bottom, formed by the first assembly portion 121, and the side walls, formed by the two fins 223, has internal surfaces with a coefficient of improved heat exchange.
- the surfaces 123b, 223b opposite to said connecting surfaces 123a, 223a are free from surface texturing 23.
- almost all of a surface, a face or an element means a portion representing at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, of more preferably at least 98% of the surface area of this surface or face or of the total surface area of this element.
- the first and second intermediate elements 221, 222 are corrugated products each comprising a succession of wave legs 123, 223 connected alternately by wave tops 121, 321 and wave bases 122 , 322.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 show cross-sectional views of corrugated products 221, 222.
- Each of the corrugated products 221, 222 comprises several elongated wave legs 123, 223 which extend parallel to each other and generally in a longitudinal direction z.
- the wave legs follow one another in a lateral direction x, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction z, and are connected alternately by wave tops 121, 321 and wave bases 122, 322.
- the tops and the wave bases of the first and second corrugated products are planar in shape and extend parallel to each other and perpendicular to the wave legs 123, 223.
- the channels 26, 27 for the first fluid, which are formed between two successive wave legs and a top or a base arranged between said successive wave legs of each corrugated product thus have cross sections of generally rectangular shape.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate straight waves having wave legs 123, 223 with planar surfaces.
- Other configurations of intermediate elements 221, 222 are of course conceivable, in particular configurations of the perforated straight wave, partially offset wave, wave with waves or herringbone (“herringbone”) type.
- the first and second corrugated products 221, 222 according to Figures 7 and 8 are visible on the Figure 3 in the mounted state, that is to say mounted between a first and a second directly adjacent plate 6, 7 forming an exchanger passage 33.
- the passage 33 is of generally parallelepipedal shape and configured to channel the first fluid parallel to the longitudinal direction z.
- the first fluid flows over the width of the passage 33, measured in the lateral direction x, between an inlet and an outlet of the passage 33 located at two opposite ends along the length of the passage 33, measured in the longitudinal direction z .
- the wave legs 123, 223 define, within the passage 33, a plurality of channels 26, 27 which extend parallel to the longitudinal direction z.
- the corrugated products 221, 222 are arranged in a so-called “ easyway " configuration in the passage 33, that is to say that the wave legs 123, 223 extend generally in the direction of flow of the first. fluid in passage 33.
- the direction of flow of the first fluid is preferably vertical, the direction of flow may be upward or downward.
- the first corrugated product 221 extends generally parallel to the first plate 6 and has wave peaks 121 positioned against the first plate 6 to be assembled there.
- the second corrugated product 222 extends generally parallel to the second plate 7 and has wave peaks 321 positioned against the second plate 7 to be assembled there.
- the first and second corrugated products 221, 222 are free from surface texturing.
- the first and second corrugated products 221, 222 can have at least one surface texturing 23 on all or part of their surfaces.
- the wave tops 121 of the first corrugated product 221 are free from surface texturing 23 on their surface 121a oriented towards the side of the first plate 6, which allows them to be soldered solidly to a reciprocal assembly portion on the first plate 6 during the manufacture of the exchanger, but have the surface texturing 23 on their surface 121b oriented towards the side of the second plate 7, which promotes the thermal performance of the exchanger.
- the wave tops 321 of the second corrugated product 222 are free from surface texturing 23 on their surface 321b oriented towards the side of the second plate 7, which allows them to be soldered solidly to a reciprocal assembly portion on the second plate 7. during the manufacture of the exchanger, but have the surface texturing 23 on the surface 321a of the second pair oriented towards the side of the first plate 6, which promotes the thermal performance of the exchanger.
- corrugated products 221, 222 include wave bases 122, 322 each having opposing surfaces 122a, 122b, 322a, 322b.
- each corrugated product 221, 222 is assembled only to one of the first and second plates 6, 7 by its respective wave tops 121, 122.
- the wave bases 122, 322 of the first and second corrugated products 221, 222 are not intended to be brazed with the plates 6, 7 and can advantageously have a surface texturing 23 on their surfaces 122b oriented towards the side of the second plate 7 with respect to the first corrugated product 221, and on their oriented surfaces 322a oriented on the side of the first plate 6 with respect to the second corrugated product 222.
- This makes it possible to maximize the surface area of the surface texturing surfaces 23 present in the passage 23 and therefore to maximize the efficiency of heat transfer within said passage 33 .
- the first and second corrugated products 221, 222 may each be formed from a flat product.
- the flat product Before being shaped, the flat product comprises two opposite faces 221a, 221b or 222a, 222b.
- the surface texturing 23 is first formed on the flat product, then the flat product is shaped, usually by stamping.
- the flat product for example a sheet or strip, has a thickness of at least 0.15 mm, preferably between 0.2 and 0.5 mm.
- At least one surface texturing 23 is formed on only one of said opposite faces 221a, 221b or 222a, 222b.
- the opposite faces 221b, 222a on which the surface texturing 23 is formed exhibit said texturing, on their whole or almost all of them.
- the face 221b on which the texturing is formed gives rise, after shaping, to the surfaces 123a, 121b, 122b of the first corrugated product identified above.
- the face 222a on which the texturing is formed gives rise, after shaping, to the surfaces 123a, 321a, 322a of the second corrugated product identified above.
- all the surfaces of the first product 221 located, in the mounted state, on the side of the second plate 7 therefore have a surface texturing 23 and all the surfaces of the first product 221 located, in the mounted state. , on the side of the first plate 6 are free from surface texturing 23.
- all the surfaces of the second corrugated product 222 located, in the mounted state, on the side of the first plate 6 have a surface texturing 23 and all the surfaces of the second corrugated product 222 located, in the mounted state, on the side of the second plate 7 are free from surface texturing 23.
- the manufacturing process is simplified since the surface texturing can be formed or deposited on an entire face of the corrugated products without requiring an additional masking or post-treatment step. aimed at eliminating the surface texturing of the portions to be assembled since this face is not intended to form assembly portions with a plate. No texturing is carried out on the other side of the corrugated products so as to preserve the quality of the brazing joints of the corrugated products with the plates.
- the first and second corrugated products 221, 222 have densities, defined as the number of wave legs per unit length measured along the lateral x direction, less than 18 legs per 2.54 centimeters, preferably less than 10 wave legs per 2.54 cm, more preferably less than or equal to 5 legs per 2.54 cm.
- the density can be between 1 and 5 legs per 2.54 centimeters. Note that these density values are applicable to intermediate elements which are not necessarily corrugated products, the fins following one another in the lateral direction x and the density then being defined as the number of fins per unit length, measured according to the lateral direction x.
- the use of a relatively low density makes it possible to facilitate the phase of depositing the surface texturing on the fins or wave legs, their surface being more accessible.
- the use of lower density spacers facilitates the removal of bubbles created in the surface texturing.
- each wave base 122 of the first corrugated product 221 has at least one zone of contact or quasi-contact with at least one wave base 322 of the second corrugated product 222.
- the rigidity of the passage 33 is thus improved, while by having the possibility of using corrugated products of relatively low density.
- Such contact or quasi-contact zones are visible on the Figure 3 in the cross-sectional plane P1.
- quad-contact is meant that there is a very small clearance between all or part of said wavebases, preferably a clearance between 0 and 0.1 mm, more preferably between 0 and 0.05. mm.
- the bases can only be brought into contact without requiring soldering between them.
- the channels 26, 27 channel a first fluid whose pressure is relatively low, typically less than or equal to 5 bar, preferably a pressure between 1 and 2 bar, as is the case. in the passages for oxygen of the vaporizer-condenser described above.
- At least one wave top 121, 321, preferably each wave top 121, 321 has two ends connected to wave legs. 123, 223 respective separated by a first width L1, measured in the lateral direction x.
- At least one wave base 122, 322, preferably each wave base 122, 322, has two ends connected to respective wave legs 123, 223 separated by a second width L2, measured in the lateral direction x.
- the widths L1, L2 correspond to the spacing between two successive wave legs, measured in the lateral direction x, typically in section in a median plane of the wave which is parallel to the plates
- the first and second corrugated products are configured so that the L2 / L1 ratio is strictly less than 1, preferably between 0.1 and 0.4, more preferably between 0.1 and 0.35.
- widths L1, L2 are equal to each other.
- first set of struts 123 and the second set of struts 223 each comprise a periodic arrangement of pairs of struts, the period of this arrangement corresponding to the distance L1 + L2.
- the first width L1 is between 3 and 20 mm, preferably between 5 and 15 mm
- the second width L2 is between 1.2 and 7 mm, preferably between 2 and 5 mm.
- first corrugated product may have widths and / or heights identical to those of the second corrugated product, but not necessarily.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur du type à plaques et ailettes ainsi qu'un élément intercalaire adapté à un tel échangeur.The present invention relates to a heat exchanger of the plate and fin type as well as an intermediate element suitable for such an exchanger.
La présente invention trouve notamment application dans le domaine de la séparation de gaz par cryogénie, en particulier de la séparation d'air par cryogénie (connue sous l'acronyme anglais « ASU » pour unité de séparation d'air) exploitée pour la production d'oxygène gazeux sous pression. En particulier, la présente invention peut s'appliquer à un échangeur de chaleur qui vaporise un débit liquide, par exemple de l'oxygène liquide, de l'azote et/ou de l'argon par échange de chaleur avec un gaz calorigène, par exemple l'air ou l'azote.The present invention finds particular application in the field of gas separation by cryogenics, in particular air separation by cryogenics (known by the acronym "ASU" for air separation unit) used for the production of gaseous oxygen under pressure. In particular, the present invention can be applied to a heat exchanger which vaporizes a liquid flow, for example liquid oxygen, nitrogen and / or argon by heat exchange with a circulating gas, for example example air or nitrogen.
Si l'échangeur de chaleur se trouve dans la cuve d'une colonne de distillation, il peut constituer un vaporiseur fonctionnant en thermosiphon pour lequel l'échangeur est immergé dans un bain de liquide descendant la colonne ou un vaporiseur fonctionnant en vaporisation à film alimenté directement par le liquide tombant de la colonne et/ou par une pompe de recirculation.If the heat exchanger is located in the bottom of a distillation column, it can constitute a vaporizer operating in thermosiphon for which the exchanger is immersed in a liquid bath descending the column or a vaporizer operating in film vaporization fed directly by the liquid falling from the column and / or by a recirculation pump.
La présente invention peut également s'appliquer à un échangeur de chaleur qui vaporise au moins un débit de mélange liquide-gaz, en particulier un débit de mélange à plusieurs constituants, par exemple un mélange d'hydrocarbures, par échange de chaleur avec au moins un autre fluide, par exemple du gaz naturel.The present invention can also be applied to a heat exchanger which vaporizes at least one flow of liquid-gas mixture, in particular a flow of mixture with several constituents, for example a mixture of hydrocarbons, by heat exchange with at least another fluid, for example natural gas.
La technologie couramment utilisée pour un échangeur est celle des échangeurs en aluminium à plaques et à ailettes ou ondes brasés, qui permettent d'obtenir des dispositifs très compacts offrant une grande surface d'échange.The technology currently used for an exchanger is that of brazed aluminum plate and fin or wave exchangers, which make it possible to obtain very compact devices offering a large exchange surface.
Ces échangeurs comprennent des plaques séparatrices entre lesquelles sont insérées des structures d'échange thermique, généralement des structures ondulées ou ondes, formées d'une succession d'ailettes ou jambes d'onde, constituant ainsi un empilement de passages pour les différents fluides à mettre en relation d'échange thermique.These exchangers include separating plates between which are inserted heat exchange structures, generally corrugated or wave structures, formed of a succession of fins or wave legs, thus constituting a stack of passages for the different fluids to be placed. in heat exchange relationship.
Les performances d'un échangeur sont liées au coefficient d'échange thermique des structures d'échange thermique se trouvant en contact avec les fluides. Le coefficient d'échange thermique d'une structure dépend notamment de la nature du matériau la constituant, de la porosité de ce matériau, de sa rugosité et du régime d'écoulement des fluides.The performance of an exchanger is linked to the heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchange structures in contact with the fluids. The heat exchange coefficient of a structure depends in particular on the nature of the material constituting it, on the porosity of this material, on its roughness and on the flow regime of the fluids.
On connait par exemple des documents
On connait également des passages d'échangeur comprenant une superposition de structures d'échange. Ces structures forment au sein des passages des canaux d'écoulement de fluide qui s'étendent parallèlement les uns aux autres.Exchanger passages are also known comprising a superposition of exchange structures. These structures form within the passages fluid flow channels which extend parallel to each other.
Il est possible de modifier le coefficient d'échange thermique d'une structure d'échange en modifiant la géométrie ou les propriétés physico-chimiques de sa surface. Ceci permet d'augmenter la surface effective d'échange et/ou de modifier les interactions entre le fluide et la surface, en changeant des propriétés de la surface considérée comme sa mouillabilité ou sa capacité à intensifier l'ébullition d'un fluide. On parle alors de surfaces intensifiées.It is possible to modify the heat exchange coefficient of an exchange structure by modifying the geometry or the physicochemical properties of its surface. This makes it possible to increase the effective exchange surface and / or to modify the interactions between the fluid and the surface, by changing the properties of the surface considered as its wettability or its capacity to intensify the boiling of a fluid. We then speak of intensified surfaces.
Par exemple, on peut réaliser des dépôts de surface de revêtements poreux ou formant des reliefs à la surface des structures, ou bien créer de tels états de surfaces par des traitements mécaniques ou par attaque chimique.For example, it is possible to produce surface deposits of porous coatings or coatings forming reliefs on the surface of structures, or else to create such surface states by mechanical treatments or by chemical attack.
On connait du document
Le document
Un problème qui se pose avec l'utilisation de surfaces intensifiées par texturation dans des échangeurs en aluminium brasés concerne l'assemblage d'éléments comportant de telles surfaces lors de la fabrication de l'échangeur.A problem which arises with the use of surfaces intensified by texturing in brazed aluminum exchangers relates to the assembly of elements comprising such surfaces during the manufacture of the exchanger.
En effet, la liaison des éléments constitutifs de l'échangeur est réalisée par brasage avec utilisation d'un métal d'apport, appelé brasure ou agent de brasage, l'assemblage étant obtenu par fusion et diffusion de l'agent de brasage au sein des pièces à braser, sans fusion de celles-ci.Indeed, the connection of the constituent elements of the exchanger is carried out by brazing with the use of a filler metal, called brazing or brazing agent, the assembly being obtained by melting and diffusion of the brazing agent within parts to be brazed, without melting them.
Or, la présence d'un revêtement poreux ou de reliefs au niveau de la zone de liaison entre les pièces à assembler pose problème, puisqu'au jeu existant entre les pièces à assembler, s'ajoute la porosité ouverte du revêtement ou les cavités ménagées sur les surfaces texturées. Lors de sa fusion, le métal d'apport comble ces porosités ou cavités avant le jeu entre les pièces, ce qui peut engendrer des défauts dans le joint brasé, tels des porosités, un manque de brasure, voire une absence de joint. Ceci affecte les propriétés mécaniques et/ou thermiques du joint, et donc celles de l'échangeur qui sont directement liées à la qualité du joint brasé.However, the presence of a porous coating or of reliefs at the level of the connection zone between the parts to be assembled poses a problem, since to the clearance existing between the parts to be assembled, there is added the open porosity of the coating or the cavities made. on textured surfaces. During its fusion, the filler metal fills these porosities or cavities before the play between the parts, which can cause defects in the brazed joint, such as porosities, a lack of solder, or even an absence of a joint. This affects the mechanical and / or thermal properties of the joint, and therefore those of the exchanger, which are directly linked to the quality of the brazed joint.
Pour tenter de remédier à ces inconvénients, une solution est de réaliser la texturation des structures d'échange thermique après que le brasage de ces structures dans l'échangeur a été réalisé.To try to remedy these drawbacks, one solution is to texturize the heat exchange structures after the brazing of these structures in the exchanger has been carried out.
Toutefois, il est difficile d'accéder aux canaux formés par les structures d'échange dans les passages de l'échangeur. Il devient alors impossible d'utiliser des techniques de texturation mécanique ou de revêtement par projection thermique. D'autres techniques de traitement de surface sont difficiles à mettre en œuvre. Par exemple, pour les techniques impliquant des étapes préalables de traitement thermique ou de dépôt d'une couche d'imprégnation pour assurer l'adhésion du revêtement, c'est l'échangeur entier qu'il faut traiter. Il y a alors des risques de boucher les canaux, de débraser des pièces de l'échangeur ou de créer des phases métallurgiques fragiles et d'endommager la matrice brasée.However, it is difficult to access the channels formed by the exchange structures in the passages of the exchanger. It then becomes impossible to use mechanical texturing or thermal spray coating techniques. Other surface treatment techniques are difficult to implement. For example, for the techniques involving the preliminary stages of heat treatment or of depositing an impregnation layer to ensure the adhesion of the coating, it is the entire exchanger that must be treated. There is then a risk of clogging the channels, of debrushing parts of the exchanger or of creating fragile metallurgical phases and of damaging the brazed die.
Par ailleurs, il a été proposé de réaliser des texturations de surface sur les plaques séparatrices avant brasage. Mais dans ce cas, il n'y a pas de structure d'échange thermique brasée aux plaques et il est nécessaire de procéder à un recuit des plaques. Or, les structures d'échange ont aussi un rôle d'entretoises. Elles contribuent à la rigidité des passages de l'échangeur et à leur résistance à la compression lors du brasage sous vide de l'échangeur. De plus, les plaques recuites perdent de leur résistance mécanique. Il est alors nécessaire d'agencer des barres de renfort supplémentaires dans les passages et de doubler l'épaisseur des plaques.Furthermore, it has been proposed to carry out surface texturizations on the separator plates before brazing. But in this case, there is no heat exchange structure brazed to the plates and it is necessary to anneal the plates. However, exchange structures also have a role of spacers. They contribute to the rigidity of the passages of the exchanger and to their compressive strength during vacuum brazing of the exchanger. In addition, the annealed plates lose their mechanical strength. It is then necessary to arrange additional reinforcing bars in the passages and to double the thickness of the plates.
Une autre solution est de ne pas réaliser de texturation sur l'élément sur les portions de surface au niveau desquelles le joint brasé doit être formé. Toutefois, cela implique de modifier localement l'état de surface des pièces, ce qui complexifie le procédé de fabrication. On peut par exemple masquer les zones où le brasage doit avoir lieu ou retirer le revêtement de ces zones. Mais ces étapes supplémentaires entraînent une complexification et des difficultés de mise en œuvre.Another solution is not to carry out texturing on the element on the surface portions at which the brazed joint is to be formed. However, this implies locally modifying the surface state of the parts, which complicates the manufacturing process. For example, it is possible to mask the areas where the brazing is to take place or to remove the coating from these areas. But these additional steps lead to complexity and implementation difficulties.
Un problème plus général concerne la tenue mécanique de l'échangeur lors de sa fabrication. En effet, les passages de l'échangeur sont soumis à des forces de compression importantes lors de l'opération de brasage sous vide. Dans certaines configurations, notamment lorsqu'on utilise des structures à faible densité d'ailettes, la rigidité des structures d'échange thermique agencées dans les passages peut s'avérer insuffisante pour garantir leur résistance à la compression.A more general problem concerns the mechanical strength of the exchanger during its manufacture. Indeed, the passages of the exchanger are subjected to significant compressive forces during the vacuum brazing operation. In certain configurations, in particular when structures with a low density of fins are used, the rigidity of the heat exchange structures arranged in the passages may prove to be insufficient to guarantee their resistance to compression.
La présente invention a pour but de résoudre en tout ou partie les problèmes mentionnés ci-avant, notamment d'améliorer la résistance mécanique d'un échangeur de chaleur du type à plaques et ailettes brasés et d'améliorer la fabrication d'un tel échangeur lorsqu'il présente des structures d'échanges à propriétés thermiques améliorées.The object of the present invention is to resolve all or part of the above-mentioned problems, in particular to improve the mechanical strength of a heat exchanger of the brazed plate and fin type and to improve the manufacture of such an exchanger. when it presents exchange structures with improved thermal properties.
La solution selon l'invention est alors un échangeur de chaleur du type à plaques et ailettes brasées comprenant une pluralité de plaques agencées parallèlement entre elles de façon à définir une série de passages pour l'écoulement d'un premier fluide à mettre en relation d'échange thermique avec au moins un deuxième fluide, au moins un passage étant formé entre une première plaque et une deuxième plaque successives et comprenant :
- au moins un premier élément intercalaire s'étendant en regard de la première plaque et définissant, au sein du passage, un premier ensemble de canaux pour l'écoulement du premier fluide,
- au moins un deuxième élément intercalaire s'étendant en regard de la deuxième plaque et définissant, au sein du passage, un deuxième ensemble de canaux pour l'écoulement du premier fluide,
- lesdits premier et deuxième éléments intercalaires étant superposés dans la hauteur H du passage, mesurée perpendiculairement aux plaques,
- caractérisé en ce que les canaux du premier ensemble s'étendent globalement parallèlement à une première direction z1 parallèle aux première et
- deuxième plaques et les canaux du deuxième ensemble s'étendent globalement parallèlement à une deuxième direction z2 parallèle aux première et deuxième plaques, la première direction z1 formant, en section dans un plan parallèle aux première et deuxième plaques, un angle aigu A avec la deuxième direction z2.
- at least a first intermediate element extending opposite the first plate and defining, within the passage, a first set of channels for the flow of the first fluid,
- at least a second intermediate element extending opposite the second plate and defining, within the passage, a second set of channels for the flow of the first fluid,
- said first and second intermediate elements being superimposed in the height H of the passage, measured perpendicular to the plates,
- characterized in that the channels of the first set extend generally parallel to a first direction z1 parallel to the first and
- second plates and the channels of the second set extend generally parallel to a second direction z2 parallel to the first and second plates, the first direction z1 forming, in section in a plane parallel to the first and second plates, an acute angle A with the second direction z2.
Selon le cas, l'échangeur selon l'invention peut comprendre l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques techniques suivantes :
- l'angle aigu A est inférieur ou égal à 30°, de préférence inférieur ou égal à 20°.
- les passages s'étendent sur une longueur L, mesurée suivant une direction longitudinale z, de préférence verticale lors du fonctionnement de l'échangeur, la première direction z1 formant un premier angle β avec la direction longitudinale z et/ou la deuxième direction z2 formant un deuxième angle α avec la direction longitudinale z, les premier et deuxième angles β, α étant inférieurs ou égaux à 15 °, de préférence compris entre 1 et 10 °.
- le premier élément intercalaire comprend un premier ensemble d'ailettes ou jambes d'onde délimitant le premier ensemble de canaux et le deuxième élément intercalaire comprend un deuxième ensemble d'ailettes ou jambes d'onde délimitant le deuxième ensemble de canaux, les ailettes ou jambes d'onde du premier ensemble se succédant suivant une première direction latérale x1 parallèle aux première et deuxième plaques et orthogonale à la première direction z1 et les ailettes ou jambes d'onde du deuxième ensemble se succédant suivant une deuxième direction latérale parallèle aux première et deuxième plaques et orthogonale à la deuxième direction.
- les canaux du premier ensemble et les canaux du deuxième éléments intercalaires présentent respectivement une première hauteur h1 et une deuxième hauteur h2, mesurées suivant une direction d'empilement y qui est perpendiculaire aux plaques, telles que h1+h2=H.
- chaque canal du premier ensemble croise au moins un canal du deuxième ensemble en un point d'intersection.
- le passage comprend plusieurs superpositions de premiers et deuxièmes éléments intercalaires se succédant suivant la direction longitudinale.
- le premier et le deuxième éléments intercalaires comprenant au moins une texturation de surface sous la forme d'une structure poreuse ou de reliefs formés sur des surfaces du premier et du deuxième éléments intercalaires,
- le premier élément intercalaire comprend au moins une première portion d'assemblage positionnée contre la première plaque et comprenant une première paire de surfaces opposées, l'une des surfaces de la première paire étant orientée du côté de la première plaque et l'autre des surfaces de la première paire étant orientée du côté de la deuxième plaque, et le deuxième élément intercalaire comprenant au moins une deuxième portion d'assemblage positionnée contre la deuxième plaque et comprenant une deuxième paire de surfaces opposées, l'une des surfaces de la deuxième paire étant orientée du côté de la première plaque et l'autre des surfaces de la deuxième paire étant orientée du côté de la deuxième plaque.
- la première portion d'assemblage est exempte de texturation de surface sur au moins celle des surfaces de la première paire orientée du côté de la première plaque,
- la deuxième portion d'assemblage étant exempte de texturation de surface sur au moins l'autre des surfaces de la deuxième paire orientée du côté de la deuxième plaque.
- la première portion d'assemblage présente la texturation de surface sur la surface de la première paire orientée du côté de la deuxième plaque.
- la deuxième portion d'assemblage présente la texturation de surface sur la surface de la deuxième paire orientée du côté de la première plaque.
- la texturation de surface est sous la forme d'une structure poreuse ayant une porosité ouverte comprise entre 15 et 60 % en volume, de préférence une porosité ouverte comprise entre 20 et 45 % en volume ou sous la forme de reliefs définissant, en coupe transversale, des cavités ouvertes à la surface des premier et deuxième éléments intercalaires.
- les premier et deuxième éléments intercalaires sont sous la forme respectivement d'un premier et d'un deuxième produits ondulés comprenant chacun une succession de jambes d'onde reliées alternativement par des sommets d'onde et des bases d'onde, le premier produit ondulé comprenant un premier ensemble de jambes d'onde délimitant le premier ensemble de canaux et le deuxième produit ondulé comprenant un deuxième ensemble de jambes d'onde délimitant le deuxième ensemble de canaux.
- les sommets d'onde du premier produit ondulé sont positionnés contre la première plaque.
- les sommets d'onde du deuxième produit ondulé sont positionnés contre la deuxième plaque.
- au moins une base d'onde du premier produit ondulé présente au moins une zone de contact ou quasi-contact avec au moins une base d'onde du deuxième produit ondulé.
- au moins un sommet d'onde des premier et deuxième produits ondulés présente deux extrémités reliées à des jambes d'onde respectives séparées par une première largeur L1, mesurée suivant la direction latérale x, et chaque base d'onde des premier et deuxième produits ondulés présente une deuxième largeur, mesurée suivant la direction latérale x, le rapport L2/L1 entre la deuxième largeur et la première largeur étant inférieur à 1, de préférence compris entre 0,1 et 0,4, de préférence encore compris
entre 0,1 et 0,35. - au moins une base d'onde du premier produit ondulé comprend une troisième paire de surfaces opposées dont l'une orientée du côté de la première plaque est exempte de texturation de surface et l'autre orientée du côté de la deuxième plaque présente la texturation de surface.
- au moins une base d'onde du deuxième produit ondulé comprend une quatrième paire de surfaces opposées dont l'une orientée du côté de la première plaque présente la texturation de surface et l'autre orientée du côté de la deuxième plaque est exempte de texturation de surface.
- the acute angle A is less than or equal to 30 °, preferably less than or equal to 20 °.
- the passages extend over a length L, measured in a longitudinal direction z, preferably vertical during operation of the exchanger, the first direction z1 forming a first angle β with the longitudinal direction z and / or the second direction z2 forming a second angle α with the longitudinal direction z, the first and second angles β, α being less than or equal to 15 °, preferably between 1 and 10 °.
- the first intermediate element comprises a first set of fins or wave legs delimiting the first set of channels and the second intermediate element comprises a second set of fins or wave legs delimiting the second set of channels, the fins or legs wave of the first set succeeding each other in a first lateral direction x1 parallel to the first and second plates and orthogonal to the first direction z1 and the fins or wave legs of the second set succeeding each other in a second lateral direction parallel to the first and second plates and orthogonal to the second direction.
- the channels of the first set and the channels of the second intermediate elements respectively have a first height h1 and a second height h2, measured in a stacking direction y which is perpendicular to the plates, such that h1 + h2 = H.
- each channel of the first set crosses at least one channel of the second set at an intersection point.
- the passage comprises several superimpositions of first and second intermediate elements following one another in the longitudinal direction.
- the first and second intermediate elements comprising at least one surface texturing in the form of a porous structure or reliefs formed on surfaces of the first and second intermediate elements,
- the first spacer comprises at least a first assembly portion positioned against the first plate and comprising a first pair of opposed surfaces, one of the surfaces of the first pair being oriented towards the side of the first plate and the other of the surfaces of the first pair being oriented towards the side of the second plate, and the second spacer member comprising at least a second assembly portion positioned against the second plate and comprising a second pair of opposed surfaces, one of the surfaces of the second pair being oriented towards the side of the first plate and the other of the surfaces of the second pair being oriented towards the side of the second plate.
- the first assembly portion is free of surface texturing on at least that of the surfaces of the first pair oriented towards the side of the first plate,
- the second assembly portion being free of surface texturing on at least the other of the surfaces of the second pair oriented towards the side of the second plate.
- the first assembly portion exhibits the surface texturing on the surface of the first pair facing the side of the second plate.
- the second assembly portion exhibits the surface texturing on the surface of the second pair facing the side of the first plate.
- the surface texturing is in the form of a porous structure having an open porosity of between 15 and 60% by volume, preferably an open porosity of between 20 and 45% by volume or in the form of defining reliefs, in cross section , cavities open to the surface of the first and second intermediate elements.
- the first and second intercalary elements are in the form of a first and a second corrugated product, respectively, each comprising a succession of wave legs connected alternately by wave tops and wave bases, the first corrugated product comprising a first set of wave legs delimiting the first set of channels and the second corrugated product comprising a second set of wave legs delimiting the second set of channels.
- the wave tops of the first corrugated product are positioned against the first plate.
- the wave tops of the second corrugated product are positioned against the second plate.
- at least one wave base of the first corrugated product has at least one zone of contact or quasi-contact with at least one wave base of the second corrugated product.
- at least one wave top of the first and second corrugated products has two ends connected to respective wave legs separated by a first width L1, measured in the lateral direction x, and each wave base of the first and second corrugated products has a second width, measured in the lateral direction x, the ratio L2 / L1 between the second width and the first width being less than 1, preferably between 0.1 and 0.4, more preferably between 0.1 and 0.35.
- at least one wave base of the first corrugated product comprises a third pair of opposing surfaces of which one oriented towards the first plate side is free from surface texturing and the other oriented towards the second plate side exhibits the texturing of area.
- at least one wavebase of the second corrugated product comprises a fourth pair of opposing surfaces, one of which oriented towards the first plate side exhibits the surface texturing and the other oriented towards the second plate side is free of texturing from area.
La présente invention va maintenant être mieux comprise grâce à la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif et faite en référence aux schémas ci-annexés, parmi lesquels :
- la
Figure 1 illustre un exemple d'échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention ; - la
Figure 2 est une vue schématique partielle d'un exemple de configuration de brasage dans un échangeur selon l'invention ; - la
Figure 3 montre deux vues en coupe transversale d'un assemblage d'éléments intercalaires dans un passage d'un échangeur selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ; - la
Figure 4 montre une vue en coupe longitudinale d'éléments intercalaires selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ; - les
Figures 5 et 6 illustrent d'autres modes de réalisation de l'invention ; - les
Figures 7 et 8 illustrent des éléments intercalaires selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, - la
Figure 9 illustre des éléments intercalaires selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.
- the
Figure 1 illustrates an example of a heat exchanger according to the invention; - the
Figure 2 is a partial schematic view of an example of a brazing configuration in an exchanger according to the invention; - the
Figure 3 shows two cross-sectional views of an assembly of intermediate elements in a passage of an exchanger according to one embodiment of the invention; - the
Figure 4 shows a longitudinal sectional view of intermediate elements according to one embodiment of the invention; - the
Figures 5 and6 illustrate other embodiments of the invention; - the
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate intermediate elements according to one embodiment of the invention, - the
Figure 9 illustrates intermediate elements according to one embodiment of the invention.
De façon connue en soi, un échangeur de chaleur comprend un empilement de plaques disposées parallèlement l'une au-dessus de l'autre avec espacement et formant ainsi plusieurs séries de passages de forme parallélépipédique et plate pour l'écoulement d'un premier fluide et d'au moins un deuxième fluide à mettre en relation d'échange de chaleur indirect via les plaques. De préférence, le premier fluide comprend un liquide frigorigène à vaporiser au moins partiellement.In a manner known per se, a heat exchanger comprises a stack of plates arranged parallel one above the other with spacing and thus forming several series of passages of parallelepipedal and flat shape for the flow of a first fluid. and at least one second fluid to be placed in an indirect heat exchange relationship via the plates. Preferably, the first fluid comprises a refrigerant to be vaporized at least partially.
La
C'est plus spécifiquement dans le cadre de cette application que l'invention sera décrite par la suite, étant entendu que son application peut être envisagée dans d'autres contextes, notamment avec des fluides d'une autre nature. Ainsi, l'échangeur 1 peut vaporiser au moins un débit de mélange liquide-gaz, en particulier un débit de mélange à plusieurs constituants, par exemple un mélange d'hydrocarbures, par échange de chaleur avec au moins un autre fluide, par exemple du gaz naturel.It is more specifically in the context of this application that the invention will be described below, it being understood that its application can be envisaged in other contexts, in particular with fluids of another. nature. Thus, the
En particulier, l'invention peut concerner un procédé d'échange de chaleur entre un premier fluide et au moins un deuxième fluide dans un échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention, ledit premier fluide s'écoulant dans le passage 33 à une pression inférieure ou égale à 5 bar, de préférence une pression comprise entre 1 et 2 bar.In particular, the invention may relate to a method of exchanging heat between a first fluid and at least a second fluid in a heat exchanger according to the invention, said first fluid flowing in
Tout ou partie des passages de vaporisation 33 de l'échangeur 1 sont pourvus d'éléments intercalaires 221 définissant, au sein des passages 33, des canaux 26 pour la circulation de l'oxygène liquide et pouvant revêtir différentes formes.All or part of the
Les éléments intercalaires 221 peuvent avoir des formes ondulées, comme montré sur la
Les éléments intercalaires 221 peuvent revêtir d'autres formes particulières définies selon les caractéristiques d'écoulement de fluide souhaitées. De manière plus générale, le terme « ailettes » couvre des lames ou autres surfaces secondaires d'échange thermique, qui s'étendent entre les surfaces primaires d'échange thermique, c'est-à-dire les plaques de l'échangeur, dans les passages de l'échangeur.The
Les éléments intercalaires 221 sont liés par brasage aux plaques séparatrices de l'échangeur. Avantageusement, la liaison est réalisée par brasage sous vide avec utilisation d'un métal d'apport 30, appelé brasure ou agent de brasage, l'assemblage étant obtenu par fusion et diffusion d'agent de brasage 30 au sein des pièces à braser, c'est-à-dire dans le métal de base, sans fusion de celles-ci.The
La
Le premier élément intercalaire 221 et la plaque 6 comportent respectivement des portions d'assemblage 121, 60 destinées à être brasées l'une avec l'autre. Les portions d'assemblage 121, 60 sont positionnées l'une contre l'autre, de préférence avec un faible jeu entre elles afin d'y interposer l'agent de brasage 30. Typiquement les portions d'assemblage 121, 60 peuvent être celles où le jeu entre les pièces 221, 6 est le plus faible, typiquement les portions au niveau desquelles les pièces 221, 6 sont en contact l'une avec l'autre ou en quasi-contact, c'est-à-dire avec un jeu très faible existant entre tout ou partie desdites portions, l'une avec l'autre. De préférence, un jeu faible est compris entre 0 et 0,1 mm, de préférence encore compris entre 0 et 0,05 mm.The first
De préférence, les plaques 6, 7 de l'échangeur sont des plaques colaminées comprenant une feuille centrale 40 dont chaque face est revêtue d'une couche 30. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, l'agent de brasage 30 peut prendre la forme d'un feuillard ou d'une couche de revêtement de surface 30. La couche de revêtement 30 peut être déposée par pulvérisation ou par application au pinceau de l'agent de brasage 30 sous forme d'une suspension de poudre contenant la poudre, un dispersant, un liant, des additifs pour contrôler la viscosité.Preferably, the
De préférence, l'agent de brasage 30 a une épaisseur e comprise entre 50 et 300 µm, de préférence comprise entre 100 et 250 µm.Preferably, the
L'agent de brasage 30 est de préférence formé d'un matériau métallique ayant une température de fusion inférieure à celle des matériaux constitutifs des pièces 6, 221. Les pièces 6, 221 et 30 sont de préférence formées d'alliage d'aluminium. Les plaques et les éléments intercalaires de l'échangeur sont avantageusement formées d'un premier alliage d'aluminium de la famille 3XXX, de préférence du type 3003 (norme ASME SB-2019 SECTION 2-B). L'agent de brasage 30 est formé d'un deuxième alliage d'aluminium, de préférence un alliage du type 4XXX (norme ASME SB-2019 SECTION 2-B), en particulier du type 4004.The
Comme on le voit en coupe transversale sur la
Selon l'invention, le premier élément intercalaire 221 définit un premier ensemble de canaux 26 s'étendant parallèlement à une première direction z1 et le deuxième élément intercalaire 222 définit un deuxième ensemble de canaux 27 s'étendant parallèlement à une deuxième direction z2. Les première et deuxième directions z1, z2 sont parallèles aux plaques 6, 7 et forment entre elles, en section dans un plan parallèle aux première et deuxième plaques 6, 7, un angle aigu A avec la deuxième direction z2.According to the invention, the first
La
L'agencement d'éléments intercalaires selon l'invention favorise la résistance à la compression des passages lors du brasage sous vide de l'échangeur. De plus, cela permet d'utiliser des éléments intercalaires de hauteurs réduites, ce qui est intéressant lorsque l'on souhaite travailler avec des densités d'ailettes plus importantes. De plus, des canaux de hauteur réduite sont plus accessibles, ce qui facilite la réalisation de texturations de surface lorsque cela est souhaitable.The arrangement of intermediate elements according to the invention promotes the compressive strength of the passages during vacuum brazing of the exchanger. In addition, this makes it possible to use intermediate elements of reduced heights, which is advantageous when it is desired to work with greater densities of fins. In addition, channels of reduced height are more accessible, which facilitates the realization of surface texturings when this is desirable.
En outre, le fait de disposer deux éléments intercalaires 221, 222 distincts dans le passage 33 de l'échangeur, l'un s'étendant en regard de la première plaque 6, et l'autre s'étendant en regard de la deuxième plaque 7, est particulièrement intéressant lorsque l'on souhaite utiliser des éléments intercalaires à texturation de surface. On dispose en effet d'un plus grand degré de liberté quant aux surfaces des éléments qui peuvent présenter la texturation de surface 23. En particulier, les surfaces de chaque élément qui sont situées à l'opposé de la plaque à laquelle cet élément doit être assemblé peuvent, en tout ou partie, présenter une texturation de surface.In addition, the fact of having two
Cela permet de maximiser la part de surface interne des canaux 26, 27 formés au sein du passage 33 qui peut présenter une texturation de surface, tout en continuant d'utiliser les procédés traditionnels de fabrication d'échangeurs à plaques et ailettes brasés puisque les joints de brasage peuvent être réalisés au niveau de surfaces sans texturation.This makes it possible to maximize the part of the internal surface of the
Notons que dans le cadre de l'invention, l'angle aigu A est non-nul.Note that in the context of the invention, the acute angle A is non-zero.
De préférence, l'angle aigu A est inférieur ou égal à 30 °, de préférence encore inférieur ou égal à 20 °. De préférence encore, l'angle aigu A est supérieur ou égal à 5°, de préférence supérieur ou égal à 10°.Preferably, the acute angle A is less than or equal to 30 °, more preferably less than or equal to 20 °. More preferably, the acute angle A is greater than or equal to 5 °, preferably greater than or equal to 10 °.
Selon un mode de réalisation illustré sur la
En utilisant des angles d'inclinaison relativement faibles, on améliore la résistance mécanique du passage 33 tout en limitant, voire en évitant, le risque de perturber l'écoulement du premier fluide ou de créer des zones mortes au sein du passage, c'est-à-dire des zones de stagnation de fluide.By using relatively low angles of inclination, the mechanical strength of the
Selon une variante illustrée sur la
Comme illustré sur la
Les ailettes ou jambes d'onde 123, 223 forment les parois latérales des canaux 26, 27 et s'étendent globalement selon les première et deuxième directions z1, z2. Les ailettes ou jambes d'onde 223 du premier ensemble se succédant suivant une première direction latérale x1 parallèle aux plaques 6, 7 et orthogonale à la première direction z1 et les ailettes ou jambes d'onde 223 du deuxième ensemble se succédant suivant une deuxième direction latérale x2 parallèle aux plaques 6, 7 et orthogonale à la deuxième direction z2.The fins or wave
De préférence, les canaux 26 du premier ensemble et les canaux 27 du deuxième ensemble sont agencés de sorte que chaque canal 26 du premier ensemble croise au moins un canal 27 du deuxième ensemble en un point d'intersection i, comme illustré sur la
Comme on le voit sur la
Selon un mode de réalisation illustré sur la
Les première et deuxième directions z1, z2 peuvent éventuellement varier selon la superposition 221, 222 considérée. La
Avantageusement, le premier élément intercalaire 221 est destiné à être assemblé par brasage à la première plaque 6 et le deuxième élément intercalaire 222 est destiné à être assemblé par brasage à la deuxième plaque 7.Advantageously, the first
Comme on le voit sur la
La
Notons que les termes « positionnée contre », s'entendent d'une portion d'assemblage juxtaposée à une plaque, avec ou sans jeu existant entre tout ou partie de la portion et la plaque.Note that the terms “positioned against” are understood to mean an assembly portion juxtaposed to a plate, with or without play existing between all or part of the portion and the plate.
Optionnellement, le premier et le deuxième éléments intercalaires 221, 222 comprennent au moins une texturation de surface 23 sous la forme d'une structure poreuse ou de reliefs formés sur des surfaces du premier et du deuxième éléments intercalaires 221, 222.Optionally, the first and second
Il est à noter que les éléments intercalaires peuvent présenter une ou plusieurs formes prédéterminées de texturation de surface réparties sur différentes zones de sa surface, étant entendu qu'une texturation de surface peut aussi bien être réalisée dans les surface du matériau constitutif des éléments intercalaires qu'y être déposée, c'est-à-dire résulter d'un apport de matière supplémentaire sur les surfaces des éléments intercalaires.It should be noted that the intermediate elements may have one or more predetermined shapes of surface texturing distributed over different areas of its surface, it being understood that a surface texturing may as well be carried out in the surfaces of the material constituting the intermediate elements as well as 'be deposited there, that is to say result from an addition of additional material on the surfaces of the spacers.
De préférence, les éléments intercalaires 221, 222 comprennent chacun un substrat massif, en particulier un substrat non-poreux, sur lequel la texturation 23 est formée. Selon les structures des éléments intercalaires, les substrats peuvent comprendre une ou plusieurs premières et/ou deuxièmes portions d'assemblage, les ailettes ou jambes d'onde.Preferably, the
A noter que chaque élément intercalaire est de préférence monobloc, c'est-à-dire formé d'une seule pièce.Note that each intermediate element is preferably in one piece, that is to say formed from a single piece.
Dans le cadre de l'invention, la texturation de surface 23 peut résulter d'un revêtement de surface déposé sur l'élément ou bien d'une modification de l'état de surface dudit élément pièces.In the context of the invention, the surface texturing 23 may result from a surface coating deposited on the element or else from a modification of the surface condition of said element parts.
En particulier, la texturation de surface 23 peut résulter d'un revêtement de surface déposé sur les substrats des éléments intercalaires, en particulier un revêtement déposé par voie liquide, notamment par trempage, pulvérisation ou par voie électrolytique, par voie sèche, notamment par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur (en anglais Chemical Vapor Deposition ou CVD) ou dépôt physique en phase vapeur (en anglais Physical Vapor Deposition ou CVD), ou par projection thermique, en particulier par flamme ou par plasma.In particular, the surface texturing 23 may result from a surface coating deposited on the substrates of the intermediate elements, in particular a coating deposited by the liquid route, in particular by dipping, spraying or by the electrolytic route, by the dry route, in particular by deposition. Chemical Vapor Deposition ( CVD) or Physical Vapor Deposition ( CVD ) , or by thermal spraying, in particular by flame or by plasma.
La modification de l'état de surface desdites pièces pourra être obtenu par un traitement chimique ou par un traitement mécanique, par exemple par sablage, rainurage....The modification of the surface condition of said parts can be obtained by a chemical treatment or by a mechanical treatment, for example by sandblasting, grooving, etc.
De préférence, la texturation de surface est formée d'aluminium ou d'un alliage d'aluminium comprenant, pour 100% de sa masse, au moins 80% en masse d'aluminium, de préférence au moins 90%, de préférence encore au moins 99% d'aluminium.Preferably, the surface texturing is formed from aluminum or an aluminum alloy comprising, for 100% of its mass, at least 80% by mass of aluminum, preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least. minus 99% aluminum.
Selon un mode préféré de réalisation, la texturation de surface 23 est sous la forme d'une structure poreuse, de préférence une couche poreuse. La structure poreuse peut par exemple être formé d'un dépôt de particules d'aluminium légèrement frittées, de filaments d'aluminium enchevêtrés, de particules d'aluminium semi fondues collées les unes aux autres, telles les particules d'aluminium qui sont obtenues après projection que l'on obtient en projection thermique par flamme.According to a preferred embodiment, the surface texturing 23 is in the form of a porous structure, preferably a porous layer. The porous structure can for example be formed from a deposit of lightly sintered aluminum particles, entangled aluminum filaments, semi-molten aluminum particles stuck to each other, such as aluminum particles which are obtained after projection obtained by thermal projection by flame.
De préférence, la texturation de surface 23 présente avant brasage une porosité ouverte comprise entre 15 et 60%, de préférence entre 20 et 45%, de préférence encore une porosité ouverte initiale comprise entre 25 et 35% (% en volume). A noter que la porosité ouverte est définie comme le rapport entre le volume des pores ouverts, c'est-à-dire les pores communiquant fluidiquement avec l'environnement extérieur dans lequel se situe l'élément intercalaire considéré, et le volume total de la structure poreuse.Preferably, the surface texturing 23 has, before brazing, an open porosity of between 15 and 60%, preferably between 20 and 45%, more preferably an initial open porosity of between 25 and 35% (% by volume). Note that the open porosity is defined as the ratio between the volume of the open pores, that is to say the pores fluidly communicating with the external environment in which the intermediate element considered is located, and the total volume of the porous structure.
Les pores de la structure poreuse 23 ont de préférence un diamètre compris entre 1 et 200 µm, de préférence compris entre 5 et 100 µm. Etant noté que les pores ne sont pas nécessairement de section circulaire mais peuvent présenter des formes irrégulières. Le terme « diamètre », couvre donc également un diamètre hydraulique équivalent qui peut être calculé à partir de mesure de la perte de charge subit par un écoulement gazeux à travers la structure poreuse et en supposant que les pores ont une forme régulière, notamment sphérique, cylindrique, ...The pores of the
On pourra également caractériser la dimension des pores par leur volume. De préférence, les pores de la structure poreuse 23 ont un volume compris entre 1000 et 1 000 000 µm3. Le volume des pores pourra par exemple être déterminé par tomographie ou par analyse d'images de sections polies d'échantillons prises dans une multitude de directions dans l'espace.The size of the pores can also be characterized by their volume. Preferably, the pores of the
De façon alternative, la texturation de surface 23 peut être sous la forme de reliefs, ou motifs, imprimés ou réalisés dans ou sur le matériau constitutif du substrat d'un élément intercalaire. De préférence, ces reliefs définissent, en coupe transversale, des cavités ouvertes à la surface de l'élément. Par exemple, des micro-reliefs ou taille ou morphologie diverses, tels des gorges, discrètes ou ininterrompues, des stries, des protubérances, ... pourront être formés ou déposés à la surface de l'élément considéré. En particulier, les reliefs formant la texturation de surface 23 peuvent être réalisés par usinage laser ou mécanique et/ou chimique.Alternatively, the surface texturing 23 may be in the form of reliefs, or patterns, printed or produced in or on the material constituting the substrate of an intermediate element. Preferably, these reliefs define, in cross section, cavities open to the surface of the element. For example, micro-reliefs or various size or morphology, such as grooves, discrete or uninterrupted, striations, protuberances, ... could be formed or deposited on the surface of the element considered. In particular, the reliefs forming the surface texturing 23 can be produced by laser or mechanical and / or chemical machining.
Avantageusement, on pourra agencer des éléments intercalaires 221, 222 à texturation de surface dans une zone 3 d'un passage 33 de l'échangeur dans laquelle pénètre l'oxygène montant, les éléments présentant ainsi en surface des porosités ou reliefs multipliant les sites d'amorçage pour la formation du bulles d'oxygène gazeux OG.Advantageously, insert
De préférence, au moins une ailette ou jambe d'onde 123 du premier ensemble et au moins une ailette ou jambe d'onde 223 du deuxième ensemble présentant ladite texturation de surface 23, la première portion d'assemblage 121 étant exempte de texturation 23 au moins sur sa surface 121a orientée du côté de la première plaque 6 et ladite deuxième portion d'assemblage 321 étant exempte de texturation 23 au moins sur sa surface 321b orientée du côté de la deuxième plaque 7.Preferably, at least one fin or
Ainsi, on préserve la mouillabilité et la bonne brasabilité des surfaces des premier et deuxième éléments intercalaires destinées à être positionnées contre les plaques adjacentes pour y être assemblées par brasage. Au cours du brasage, la répartition de l'agent de brasage au niveau du joint peut être contrôlée, ce qui conduit à un joint ayant de bonnes propriétés mécaniques et thermiques.Thus, the wettability and good solderability of the surfaces of the first and second intermediate elements intended to be positioned against the adjacent plates to be assembled there by soldering are preserved. During brazing, the distribution of the brazing agent at the joint can be controlled, which results in a joint having good mechanical and thermal properties.
De préférence, les surfaces 6a, 6b, et 7a, 7b des plaques 6, 7 sont exemptes de texturation de surface. On préserve ainsi la qualité des joints de brasage formés avec les plaques.Preferably, the
Avantageusement, la première portion d'assemblage 121 présente la texturation de surface 23 sur sa surface 121b orientée du côté de la deuxième plaque 7, de préférence sur la totalité ou la quasi-totalité de ladite surface 121b, et la deuxième portion d'assemblage 221 présente la texturation de surface 23 sur sa surface 321a orientée du côté de la première plaque 6, de préférence sur la totalité ou la quasi-totalité de ladite surface 321a.Advantageously, the
De préférence, la première portion d'assemblage 121 du premier élément intercalaire 221 est agencée entre deux ailettes ou jambes d'ondes 123 successives du premier ensemble, la surface 121b orientée du côté de la deuxième plaque 7 ayant deux extrémités reliées chacune à une surface de liaison 123a de chacune des deux ailettes ou jambes d'ondes 123. La surface 121b de la première paire et lesdites surfaces de liaison 123a, 123a présentant la texturation de surface 23, de préférence sur leur totalité ou quasi-totalité.Preferably, the
Ainsi, les ailettes ou jambes d'onde 123 délimitent entre elles un canal 26 dont le fond, formé par la première portion d'assemblage, et les parois latérales, formées par les deux ailettes 123, présente des surfaces internes à coefficient d'échange thermique amélioré.Thus, the fins or wave
De même, la deuxième portion d'assemblage 321 du deuxième élément intercalaire 222 peut être agencée entre deux ailettes ou jambes d'ondes 223 du deuxième ensemble, la surface 321a de la deuxième paire orientée du côté de la première plaque 6 ayant deux extrémités reliées chacune à une surface de liaison 223a, 223b de chacune des deux ailettes ou jambes d'ondes 223, ladite surface 321a de la deuxième paire et lesdites surfaces de liaison 223a présentant la texturation de surface 23, de préférence sur leur totalité ou quasi-totalité.Likewise, the
Ainsi, les ailettes ou jambes d'onde 223 délimitent entre elles un canal 27 dont le fond, formé par la première portion d'assemblage 121, et les parois latérales, formées par les deux ailettes 223, présente des surfaces internes à coefficient d'échange thermique amélioré.Thus, the fins or wave
De préférence, les surfaces 123b, 223b opposées auxdites surfaces de liaison 123a, 223a sont exemptes de texturation de surface 23.Preferably, the surfaces 123b, 223b opposite to said connecting
A noter que dans la cadre de la présente invention, la quasi-totalité d'une surface, d'une face ou d'un élément s'entend d'une portion représentant au moins 90%, de préférence au moins 95%, de préférence encore au moins 98% de la superficie de cette surface ou face ou de la superficie totale de cet élément.Note that in the context of the present invention, almost all of a surface, a face or an element means a portion representing at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, of more preferably at least 98% of the surface area of this surface or face or of the total surface area of this element.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, les premier et deuxième éléments intercalaires 221, 222 sont des produits ondulés comprenant chacun une succession de jambes d'onde 123, 223 reliées alternativement par des sommets d'onde 121, 321 et des bases d'onde 122, 322.According to a particular embodiment, the first and second
Les explications qui suivent sont faites en référence aux
Les
Selon l'exemple illustré sur les
Les
Les premier et deuxième produits ondulés 221, 222 selon les
En fonctionnement, le premier fluide s'écoule sur la largeur du passage 33, mesurée suivant la direction latérale x, entre une entrée et une sortie du passage 33 situées à deux extrémités opposées suivant la longueur du passage 33, mesurée suivant la direction longitudinale z. Les jambes d'onde 123, 223 délimitent, au sein du passage 33, une pluralité de canaux 26, 27 qui s'étendent parallèlement à la direction longitudinale z.In operation, the first fluid flows over the width of the
De préférence, les produits ondulés 221, 222 sont disposés en configuration dite « easyway » dans le passage 33, c'est-à-dire que les jambes d'onde 123, 223 s'étendent globalement suivant la direction d'écoulement du premier fluide dans le passage 33. A noter qu'en service, la direction d'écoulement du premier fluide est de préférence verticale, le sens d'écoulement pouvant être ascendant ou descendant.Preferably, the
Le premier produit ondulé 221 s'étend globalement parallèlement à la première plaque 6 et présente des sommets d'onde 121 positionnés contre la première plaque 6 pour y être assemblés. Le deuxième produit ondulé 222 s'étend globalement parallèlement à la deuxième plaque 7 et présente des sommets d'onde 321 positionnés contre la deuxième plaque 7 pour y être assemblés.The first
Pour chaque produit ondulé 221, 222, plusieurs paires de jambes d'onde 123, 223 s'étendent depuis deux sommets d'onde 121, 321 adjacents et sont reliées entre elles par des bases d'onde 122, 322.For each
Dans les exemples des
Avantageusement, les premier et deuxième produits ondulés 221, 222 peuvent présenter au moins une texturation de surface 23 sur tout ou partie de leurs surfaces.Advantageously, the first and second
Dans le cas illustré sur la
Les sommets d'onde 321 du deuxième produit ondulé 222 sont exempts de texturation de surface 23 sur leur surface 321b orientée du côté de la deuxième plaque 7, ce qui permet de les braser solidement à une portion d'assemblage réciproque sur la deuxième plaque 7 lors de la fabrication de l'échangeur, mais présentent la texturation de surface 23 sur la surface 321a de la deuxième paire orientée du côté de la première plaque 6, ce qui favorise les performances thermiques de l'échangeur.The wave tops 321 of the second
Comme visible plus distinctement sur les
Selon le mode de réalisation illustré sur la
Ainsi, les bases d'onde 122, 322 des premier et deuxième produits ondulés 221, 222 ne sont pas destinées à être brasées avec les plaques 6, 7 et peuvent présenter avantageusement une texturation de surface 23 sur leurs surfaces 122b orientées du côté de la deuxième plaque 7 en ce qui concerne le premier produit ondulé 221, et sur leurs surfaces orientées 322a orientées du côté de la première plaque 6 en ce qui concerne le deuxième produit ondulé 222. Cela permet de maximiser la superficie des surfaces à texturation de surface 23 présente dans le passage 23 et donc de maximiser l'efficacité de transfert thermique au sein dudit passage 33.Thus, the wave bases 122, 322 of the first and second
Selon un mode de réalisation illustré sur la
Avantageusement, on forme au moins une texturation de surface 23 sur l'une seulement desdites faces opposées 221a, 221b ou 222a, 222b. De préférence, les faces opposées 221b, 222a sur lesquelles la texturation de surface 23 est formée présentent ladite texturation, sur leur totalité ou leur quasi-totalité. La face 221b sur laquelle la texturation est formée donne lieu, après mise en forme, aux surfaces 123a, 121b, 122b du premier produit ondulé identifiées ci-dessus. La face 222a sur laquelle la texturation est formée donne lieu, après mise en forme, aux surfaces 123a, 321a, 322a du deuxième produit ondulé identifiées ci-dessus.Advantageously, at least one
Selon ce mode de réalisation, toutes les surfaces du premier produit 221 situées, à l'état monté, du côté de la deuxième plaque 7 présentent donc une texturation de surface 23 et toutes les surfaces du premier produit 221 situées, à l'état monté, du côté de la première plaque 6 sont exemptes de texturation de surface 23. De même, toutes les surfaces du deuxième produit ondulé 222 situées, à l'état monté, du côté de la première plaque 6 présentent une texturation de surface 23 et toutes les surfaces du deuxième produit ondulé 222 situées, à l'état monté, du côté de la deuxième plaque 7 sont exemptes de texturation de surface 23.According to this embodiment, all the surfaces of the
Ainsi, on simplifie le procédé de fabrication puisque la texturation de surface peut être formée ou déposée sur une face entière des produits ondulés sans nécessiter d'étape supplémentaire de masquage ou de post-traitement visant à éliminer la texturation de surface des portions à assembler puisque cette face n'est pas destinée à former des portions d'assemblage avec une plaque. Aucune texturation n'est réalisée sur l'autre face des produits ondulés de manière à préserver la qualité des joints de brasage des produits ondulés avec les plaques.Thus, the manufacturing process is simplified since the surface texturing can be formed or deposited on an entire face of the corrugated products without requiring an additional masking or post-treatment step. aimed at eliminating the surface texturing of the portions to be assembled since this face is not intended to form assembly portions with a plate. No texturing is carried out on the other side of the corrugated products so as to preserve the quality of the brazing joints of the corrugated products with the plates.
Il n'est pas nécessaire de réaliser de texturation de surface après montage des éléments intercalaires 221, 222 dans l'échangeur puisque ceux-ci présentent déjà la texturation sur les zones souhaitées des ailettes. On peut ainsi incorporer une structure d'échange thermique à surface intensifiée dans l'échangeur tout en préservant l'intégrité structurelle de la matrice de l'échangeur et de ses canaux internes.It is not necessary to carry out surface texturing after mounting the
De préférence, les premier et deuxième produits ondulés 221, 222 ont des densités, définies comme le nombre de jambes d'onde par unité de longueur mesuré le long de la direction latérale x, inférieure à 18 jambes par 2,54 centimètres, de préférence inférieure à 10 jambes d'onde par 2,54 centimètres, de préférence encore inférieure ou égale à 5 jambes par 2,54 centimètre. Avantageusement, la densité peut être comprise entre 1 et 5 jambes par 2,54 centimètres. A noter que ces valeurs de densités sont applicables à des éléments intercalaires qui ne sont pas nécessairement des produits ondulés, les ailettes se succédant selon la direction latérale x et la densité étant alors définie comme le nombre d'ailettes par unité de longueur, mesuré suivant la direction latérale x.Preferably, the first and second
L'utilisation d'une densité relativement faible permet de faciliter la phase de dépôt de la texturation de surface sur les ailettes ou jambes d'onde, leur surface étant plus accessible. En outre, l'utilisation d'éléments intercalaires de densité plus faible facilite l'élimination des bulles créées au niveau de la texturation de surface.The use of a relatively low density makes it possible to facilitate the phase of depositing the surface texturing on the fins or wave legs, their surface being more accessible. In addition, the use of lower density spacers facilitates the removal of bubbles created in the surface texturing.
De préférence, chaque base d'onde 122 du premier produit ondulé 221 présente au moins une zone de contact ou quasi-contact avec au moins une base d'onde 322 du deuxième produit ondulé 222. On améliore ainsi la rigidité du passage 33, tout en ayant la possibilité d'utiliser des produits ondulés de densité relativement faible. De telles zones de contact ou quasi-contact sont visibles sur la
Par « quasi-contact », on entend qu'il existe un jeu très faible entre tout ou partie desdites bases d'onde, de préférence un jeu compris entre 0 et 0,1 mm, de préférence encore compris entre 0 et 0,05 mm.By “quasi-contact” is meant that there is a very small clearance between all or part of said wavebases, preferably a clearance between 0 and 0.1 mm, more preferably between 0 and 0.05. mm.
Etant noté que les bases peuvent seulement être mises en contact sans nécessiter de brasage entre elles. Cela est possible notamment lorsqu'en fonctionnement, les canaux 26, 27 canalisent un premier fluide dont la pression est relativement faible, typiquement inférieure ou égale à 5 bar, de préférence une pression comprise entre 1 et 2 bar, comme c'est le cas dans les passages pour l'oxygène du vaporiseur-condenseur précédemment décrit.It being noted that the bases can only be brought into contact without requiring soldering between them. This is possible in particular when, in operation, the
Selon un mode de réalisation, pour chacun des premier et deuxième produits ondulés 221, 222, au moins un sommet d'onde 121, 321, de préférence chaque sommet d'onde 121, 321, présente deux extrémités reliées à des jambes d'onde 123, 223 respectives séparées par une première largeur L1, mesurée suivant la direction latérale x. Au moins une base d'onde 122, 322, de préférence chaque base d'onde 122, 322, présente deux extrémités reliées à des jambes d'onde 123, 223 respectives séparées par une deuxième largeur L2, mesurée suivant la direction latérale x. Etant noté que les largeurs L1, L2 correspondent à l'écartement entre deux jambes d'onde successives, mesuré suivant la direction latérale x, typiquement en section dans un plan médian de l'onde qui est parallèle aux plaquesAccording to one embodiment, for each of the first and second
De préférence, on configure les premier et deuxième produits ondulés de sorte que le rapport L2/L1 soit strictement inférieur à 1, de préférence compris entre 0,1 et 0,4, de préférence encore entre 0,1 et 0,35.Preferably, the first and second corrugated products are configured so that the L2 / L1 ratio is strictly less than 1, preferably between 0.1 and 0.4, more preferably between 0.1 and 0.35.
Il est aussi possible que les largeurs L1, L2 soient égales entre elles.It is also possible that the widths L1, L2 are equal to each other.
Ainsi, le premier ensemble de jambes d'onde 123 et le deuxième ensemble de jambes d'onde 223 comprennent chacun un agencement périodique de paires de jambes d'onde, la période de cet agencement correspondant à la distance L1+L2.Thus, the first set of
De préférence, la première largeur L1 est comprise entre 3 et 20 mm, de préférence entre 5 et 15 mm, et la deuxième largeur L2 est comprise entre 1,2 et 7 mm, de préférence entre 2 et 5 mm.Preferably, the first width L1 is between 3 and 20 mm, preferably between 5 and 15 mm, and the second width L2 is between 1.2 and 7 mm, preferably between 2 and 5 mm.
Etant précisé que le premier produit ondulé peut présenter des largeurs et/ou des hauteurs identiques à celles du deuxième produit ondulé, mais pas nécessairement.It being specified that the first corrugated product may have widths and / or heights identical to those of the second corrugated product, but not necessarily.
Claims (15)
- Heat exchanger of the brazed plate and fin type comprising a plurality of plates arranged in a mutually parallel manner so as to define a series of passages (33) for the flow of a first fluid to be brought into a heat exchange relationship with at least one second fluid, at least one passage (33) being formed between a successive first plate (6) and second plate (7) and comprising:- at least one first spacer element (221) extending next to the first plate (6) and defining, within the passage (33), a first set of channels (26) for the flow of the first fluid,- at least one second spacer element (222) extending next to the second plate (7) and defining, within the passage (33), a second set of channels (27) for the flow of the first fluid,said first and second spacer elements (221, 222) being superposed in the height (H) of the passage (33), measured perpendicularly to the plates (6, 7),the channels (26) of the first set extending generally parallel to a first direction (z1) parallel to the first and second plates (6, 7) and the channels (27) of the second set extending generally parallel to a second direction (z2) parallel to the first and second plates (6, 7), characterized in that the first direction (z1) forms, in section in a plane parallel to the first and second plates (6, 7), an acute angle (A) with the second direction (z2).
- Exchanger according to Claim 1, characterized in that the acute angle (A) is less than or equal to 30°, preferably less than or equal to 20°.
- Exchanger according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the passages (33) extend along a length (L), measured in a longitudinal direction (z), which is preferably vertical during operation of the exchanger, the first direction (z1) forming a first angle (β) with the longitudinal direction (z) and/or the second direction (z2) forming a second angle (α) with the longitudinal direction (z), the first and second angles (β, α) being less than or equal to 15°, preferably between 1 and 10°.
- Exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first spacer element (221) comprises a first set of fins or corrugation legs (123) delimiting the first set of channels (26) and the second spacer element (222) comprises a second set of fins or corrugation legs (223) delimiting the second set of channels (27), the fins or corrugation legs (123) of the first set following one another in a first lateral direction (x1) parallel to the first and second plates (6, 7) and orthogonal to the first direction (z1) and the fins or corrugation legs (223) of the second set following one another in a second lateral direction (x2) parallel to the first and second plates (6, 7) and orthogonal to the second direction (z2).
- Exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the channels (26) of the first set and the channels (27) of the second spacer elements (221, 222) respectively have a first height (h1) and a second height (h2), measured in a stacking direction (y) which is perpendicular to the plates (6, 7), such that (h1+h2=H).
- Exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each channel (26) of the first set crosses at least one channel (27) of the second set at an intersection point (i).
- Exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the passage (33) comprises a plurality of superpositions of first and second spacer elements (221, 222) that follow one another in the longitudinal direction (z).
- Exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and the second spacer elements (221, 222) comprise at least one surface texturing (23) in the form of a porous structure or of reliefs formed on surfaces of the first and the second spacer elements (221, 222).
- Exchanger according to Claim 8, characterized in that the first spacer element (221) comprises at least one first assembly portion which is positioned against the first plate (6) and comprises a first pair of opposite surfaces (121a, 121b), one (121a) of the surfaces of the first pair being oriented towards the first plate (6) and the other (121b) of the surface of the first pair being oriented towards the second plate (7), and the second spacer element (222) comprises at least one second assembly portion (321) which is positioned against the second plate (7) and comprises a second pair of opposite surfaces (321a, 321b), one (321a) of the surfaces of the second pair being oriented towards the first plate (6) and the other (321b) of the surfaces of the second pair being oriented towards the second plate (7), the first assembly portion (121) not having surface texturing (23) on at least that one (121a) of the surfaces of the first pair that is oriented towards the first plate (6) and the second assembly portion (321) not having surface texturing (23) on at least the other (321b) of the surfaces of the second pair that is oriented towards the second plate (7).
- Exchanger according to either of Claims 8 and 9, characterized in that the first assembly portion (121) has the surface texturing (23) on the surface (121b) of the first pair that is oriented towards the second plate (7) and the second assembly portion (221) has the surface texturing (23) on the surface (321a) of the second pair that is oriented towards the first plate (6).
- Exchanger according to one of Claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the surface texturing (23) is in the form of a porous structure having an open porosity of between 15 and 60%, preferably an open porosity of between 20 and 45% (% by volume) or in the form of reliefs that define, in cross section, cavities that are open at the surface of the first and second spacer elements (221, 222) .
- Exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and second spacer elements are respectively in the form of a first and a second corrugated product (221, 222) that each comprise a succession of corrugation legs (123, 223) connected alternately by corrugation tops (121, 321) and corrugation bottoms (122, 322), the first corrugated product comprising a first set of corrugation legs (123) delimiting the first set of channels (26) and the second corrugated product comprising a second set of corrugation legs (223) delimiting the second set of channels (27).
- Exchanger according to Claim 12, characterized in that the corrugation tops (121) of the first corrugated product (221) are positioned against the first plate (6) and the corrugation tops (321) of the second corrugated product (222) are positioned against the second plate (7) .
- Exchanger according to either of Claims 12 and 13, characterized in that at least one corrugation bottom (122) of the first corrugated product (221) has at least one region of contact or near-contact with at least one corrugation bottom (322) of the second corrugated product (222) .
- Exchanger according to one of Claims 12 to 14, characterized in that at least one corrugation top (121, 321) of the first and second corrugated products (221, 222) has two ends connected to respective corrugation legs (123, 223) separated by a first width (L1), measured in the lateral direction (x), and at least one corrugation bottom (122, 322) of the first and second corrugated products (221, 222) has a second width (L2), measured in the lateral direction (x), the ratio (L2/L1) between the second width and the first width being less than 1, preferably between 0.1 and 0.4, more preferably between 0.1 and 0.35.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1762419A FR3075335B1 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2017-12-19 | HEAT EXCHANGER WITH SUPERIOR INTERCONNECTED ELEMENTS |
PCT/FR2018/053360 WO2019122676A1 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2018-12-18 | Heat exchanger having superposed spacer inserts |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3728978A1 EP3728978A1 (en) | 2020-10-28 |
EP3728978B1 true EP3728978B1 (en) | 2021-10-20 |
Family
ID=61132753
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18833962.6A Active EP3728978B1 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2018-12-18 | Heat exchanger having superposed spacer inserts |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3728978B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3075335B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019122676A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2782009A (en) * | 1952-03-14 | 1957-02-19 | Gen Motors Corp | Heat exchangers |
DE2518683C3 (en) * | 1975-04-26 | 1981-04-09 | 4P Verpackungen Gmbh, 8960 Kempten | Heat exchanger made from two aluminum sheets connected to one another |
DE68912636T4 (en) * | 1988-04-13 | 1995-07-13 | Mitsubishi Aluminium | Heat exchanger core. |
FR2811747B1 (en) * | 2000-07-11 | 2002-10-11 | Air Liquide | THERMAL EXCHANGE FIN FOR BRAZED PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER AND CORRESPONDING HEAT EXCHANGER |
US20040251008A1 (en) | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-16 | O'neill Patrick S. | Method for making brazed heat exchanger and apparatus |
FR2865027B1 (en) | 2004-01-12 | 2006-05-05 | Air Liquide | FIN FOR HEAT EXCHANGER AND HEAT EXCHANGER PROVIDED WITH SUCH FINS |
-
2017
- 2017-12-19 FR FR1762419A patent/FR3075335B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-12-18 WO PCT/FR2018/053360 patent/WO2019122676A1/en unknown
- 2018-12-18 EP EP18833962.6A patent/EP3728978B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3728978A1 (en) | 2020-10-28 |
WO2019122676A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
FR3075335A1 (en) | 2019-06-21 |
FR3075335B1 (en) | 2019-11-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2019122651A1 (en) | Spacer element with surface texturing, and associated heat exchanger and production method | |
EP3662222B1 (en) | Heat exchanger with distributing element | |
EP1931929A1 (en) | Method for evaporation and/or condensation in a heat exchanger | |
EP3728977B1 (en) | Heat exchanger comprising elements and plates with surface texturing | |
FR2865027A1 (en) | Corrugated fin for heat exchanger e.g. vaporizer-condenser, has pores, and corrugations, each including vertical legs alternatively connected by top and base of corrugation, where top, base and legs are made of sintered aluminum particles | |
EP3728978B1 (en) | Heat exchanger having superposed spacer inserts | |
EP2280799B1 (en) | Method of producing a heat exchanger using a spacer piece for holding open the passages of brazed plates and fin exchangers | |
WO2019122663A1 (en) | Spacer element with surface texturing, heat exchanger comprising such an element | |
FR3075341A1 (en) | HEAT EXCHANGER WITH INTERCALAR ELEMENTS WITH SURFACE TEXTURING | |
FR3133077A3 (en) | Heat exchanger with improved heat exchange structure | |
FR3140420A1 (en) | Heat exchanger with improved heat exchange structure | |
EP3283835A1 (en) | Heat exchanger comprising microstructure elements and separation unit comprising such a heat exchanger | |
EP1068481A1 (en) | Heat exchanging device with active two-phase fluid and method for making same | |
FR3075080A1 (en) | METHOD OF BRAZING SURFACE TEXTURING PARTS, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A HEAT EXCHANGER INCORPORATING SAID PARTS | |
FR3140673A1 (en) | Method of manufacturing an intermediate element for a heat exchanger | |
FR3088996A1 (en) | Method of manufacturing an exchanger comprising a zone to be supported and exchanger manufactured by such a method | |
WO2020109155A1 (en) | Method for manufacturing a heat exchanger or a heat pipe | |
EP4155647B1 (en) | Heat exchanger comprising at least one heat exchange structure with grooved surface | |
WO2018104124A1 (en) | Method for producing a structured packing using an additive manufacturing method | |
FR3101409A3 (en) | Spacer element for heat exchanger |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20200720 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: F28F 13/18 20060101ALI20210426BHEP Ipc: F25J 5/00 20060101ALI20210426BHEP Ipc: F28F 13/00 20060101ALI20210426BHEP Ipc: F28F 3/02 20060101ALI20210426BHEP Ipc: F28D 9/00 20060101AFI20210426BHEP |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20210521 |
|
GRAJ | Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
INTC | Intention to grant announced (deleted) | ||
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20210913 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602018025483 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 1440272 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20211115 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG9D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MP Effective date: 20211020 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 1440272 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20211020 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: RS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220120 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220220 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220221 Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220120 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20220121 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602018025483 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: BE Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20211231 |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20220721 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20211218 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20211218 Ref country code: AL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20211231 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20211231 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20211231 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20221213 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO Effective date: 20181218 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20221218 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20221218 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20231222 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20211020 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 602018025483 Country of ref document: DE |