EP3728700A1 - Implantable device for producing hydrogen - Google Patents
Implantable device for producing hydrogenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3728700A1 EP3728700A1 EP18836260.2A EP18836260A EP3728700A1 EP 3728700 A1 EP3728700 A1 EP 3728700A1 EP 18836260 A EP18836260 A EP 18836260A EP 3728700 A1 EP3728700 A1 EP 3728700A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- anode
- semi
- cathode
- permeable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 16
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 16
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000019420 glucose oxidase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004366 Glucose oxidase Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 108010015776 Glucose oxidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940116332 glucose oxidase Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 108010050375 Glucose 1-Dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000016938 Catalase Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010053835 Catalase Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MMXZSJMASHPLLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrroloquinoline quinone Chemical compound C12=C(C(O)=O)C=C(C(O)=O)N=C2C(=O)C(=O)C2=C1NC(C(=O)O)=C2 MMXZSJMASHPLLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M D-gluconate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N NAD zwitterion Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C[N+]([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O3)N3C4=NC=NC(N)=C4N=C3)O)O2)O)=C1 BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XJLXINKUBYWONI-NNYOXOHSSA-N NADP zwitterion Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C[N+]([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O3)N3C4=NC=NC(N)=C4N=C3)O)O2)O)=C1 XJLXINKUBYWONI-NNYOXOHSSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 by nature flexible Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940050410 gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229950006238 nadide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229930027945 nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 229920000052 poly(p-xylylene) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108010060159 Apolipoprotein E4 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZKVWQKMDGGDSV-BCMRRPTOSA-N Genipin Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CO[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2C(CO)=CC[C@H]12 AZKVWQKMDGGDSV-BCMRRPTOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010029541 Laccase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VWWQXMAJTJZDQX-UYBVJOGSSA-N flavin adenine dinucleotide Chemical compound C1=NC2=C(N)N=CN=C2N1[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)O[C@@H]1CO[P@](O)(=O)O[P@@](O)(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C2=NC(=O)NC(=O)C2=NC2=C1C=C(C)C(C)=C2 VWWQXMAJTJZDQX-UYBVJOGSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019162 flavin adenine dinucleotide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011714 flavin adenine dinucleotide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940093632 flavin-adenine dinucleotide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- AZKVWQKMDGGDSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N genipin Natural products COC(=O)C1=COC(O)C2C(CO)=CCC12 AZKVWQKMDGGDSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004059 quinone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010015428 Bilirubin oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Gluconic acid Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100034256 Mucin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000560 biocompatible material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003592 biomimetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004289 cerebral ventricle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003109 clavicle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003722 extracellular fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003889 eye drop Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940012356 eye drops Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- YYGBVRCTHASBKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene green Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 YYGBVRCTHASBKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PGSADBUBUOPOJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N neutral red Chemical compound Cl.C1=C(C)C(N)=CC2=NC3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 PGSADBUBUOPOJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002047 photoemission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005289 physical deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
- A61K9/0024—Solid, semi-solid or solidifying implants, which are implanted or injected in body tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/01—Products
- C25B3/07—Oxygen containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/20—Processes
- C25B3/23—Oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
- C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an implantable device in the human or animal body, intended to produce hydrogen and possibly oxygen.
- Hydrogen ingestion methods include gas inhalation, oral ingestion of water or saline solution containing dissolved hydrogen or incorporation of molecular hydrogen by diffusion from eye drops, baths and cosmetics.
- 0 2 Local production of 0 2 may also be of interest for areas of the body that are insufficiently oxygenated.
- the partial pressure in O 2 in the venous blood can be estimated at 50 micromol / L. It is therefore also the partial pressure observed in the extracellular fluid near the capillary network.
- some tissues may be momentarily or permanently excluded from the supply of 0 2 by the vessels.
- An object of the invention is to provide a device for producing H 2 and / or O 2 in situ.
- Another object of the invention is to provide such a device for producing these molecules as close to the site of use of these molecules, for example organ, cavity, tissue.
- the present invention thus relates to a device intended to be implanted in a human or animal body, for producing hydrogen and / or oxygen in situ, from molecules present in the body medium in which the device is implanted.
- the device aims to produce and deliver hydrogen in situ.
- the device aims to produce and deliver oxygen in situ.
- the device aims to produce both.
- the device comprises an integrated electrical power source, or is intended to be connected to a source of electrical energy external to the device and preferably integrated into the body.
- the device comprises at least one group of electrodes, in which the electrodes of a group are electrically connected to the source of electrical energy so as to form an anode and a cathode.
- the electrodes are separated from the external medium (the body medium in which the device is implanted) by a semi-permeable material (also called filter material).
- the cathode is suitable for producing hydrogen by proton reduction.
- the anode is suitable for producing oxygen or oxidation products (gluconic acid, for example), depending on the chemical species available at the anode and the level of the potential difference between anode and cathode (it is necessary to at least 1.3 V to hydrolyze H 2 0, but in the presence of glucose oxidase enzyme and a redox mediator, at voltages of the order of 300 mV, glucose can be efficiently oxidized at the anode and protons can be reduced at the cathode.).
- the cutoff threshold of the semi-permeable material can be chosen to select the molecules that one wants to be present at the anode and / or the cathode, in order to favor the desired reactions and avoid pollutions generating side reactions likely to create chemical species potentially harmful to the body or likely to be deposited on the electrodes and reduce their performance.
- the semi-permeable material may in particular be a piece of solid material, a membrane, by nature flexible, or a coating on the electrode (coating).
- the invention particularly relates to a device comprising two electrodes, namely an anode and a cathode, each electrically connected to a pole of a source of electrical energy.
- This connection is preferably by an insulated conductor.
- Anode and cathode are separated by an ion conductor (liquid comprising electrolytes or ion-conducting membrane, preferably associated with a liquid comprising electrolytes).
- the device further comprises a semipermeable material (or filter) separating the electrodes from the body medium.
- the device passes a body fluid that will form the electrolyte, to close the electrical circuit.
- a closed electrical circuit is formed. Oxidation and reduction reactions are obtained at the electrodes.
- the cathode is suitable for producing hydrogen by proton reduction.
- the subject of the invention is a device intended to be implanted in a human or animal body, to produce hydrogen in situ from molecules present in the body medium in which the device is implanted, this device comprising an anode and a cathode, each electrically connected to a pole of a source of electrical energy, and comprising a semi-permeable material separating the electrodes from the body medium, wherein, when the connection to the source of electrical energy is effective in situ, in the presence of body fluid, a closed electrical circuit is formed, with production hydrogen to the cathode, the semipermeable material having a cutoff threshold of between 50 and 500 Da.
- the semipermeable material for example a membrane
- the cutoff threshold is preferably sufficient to prevent the entry of chemical species or too large quantities of chemical species that may interfere with the operation of the device. This makes it possible to prevent molecules with a molecular mass exceeding the cut-off threshold and capable, on the one hand, of reacting electrochemically with the surface of the electrodes, on the other hand of being deposited therein and ultimately of preventing their operation. effective, come into contact with the electrodes.
- a cutoff threshold of about 1000 or about 2000 Da (g / mol) can be envisaged.
- the electrodes are separated from the external medium by a semi-permeable material having a cutoff threshold of between about 50 and about 500 Da, in particular between about 50 and about 200 Da, preferably 150, 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, or about 50 Da.
- This device is intended in particular to induce the electrolysis of water and produce H 2 and O 2 . It should be noted that this device can be used in practice for the local production and use of H 2 , O 2 or both molecules.
- the electrodes are individually and / or collectively separated from the body medium by the semipermeable material.
- Separately separated means that each electrode is separated from the external medium by the semi-permeable material. This can be achieved for example by surrounding the electrode with a coating or membrane. This can also be achieved by arranging the electrode in a device comprising a compartment for each electrode, with a semi-permeable material element between each compartment and the external medium.
- Collectively separated means that the two electrodes are separated from the external medium by the semi-permeable material, which can be achieved for example by surrounding the two electrodes by a membrane, or by arranging the electrodes in a device comprising a compartment for both electrodes, with a semi-permeable material element between the compartment and the external environment.
- the semipermeable material that separates the electrodes from the body medium may be constituted by a semipermeable membrane surrounding the two electrodes, or by a semipermeable membrane surrounding each electrode.
- the in situ operation of the device is completed by the role of the electrolyte which closes the electrical circuit.
- This electrolyte is provided by the body medium in which the device is implanted.
- This electrolyte contains the necessary cations for this role, namely in particular Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , as well as the anions, essentially Cl and HC0 3
- the electrodes are separated from the external medium by a semipermeable membrane having a cutoff threshold of between about 200 and about 2000 Da, in particular between about 200 and about 500 Da, especially between about 200 and about 300, preferably about 500, 400, 300 or 200 Da.
- the anode contains or carries an enzyme capable of catalyzing the oxidation of a carbohydrate at the anode. This device is intended in particular to induce the oxidation of a carbohydrate, in particular glucose, and to produce H 2 .
- only the anode is associated with such a semi-permeable membrane, while the cathode is associated with a semipermeable membrane of the above type (lower cutoff threshold, especially between about 50 and about 150 Da).
- the electrodes are preferably separated from each other by the semi-permeable material, in particular having the low cut-off threshold as defined before, in particular between about 50 and about 150 Da, or by a proton exchange membrane.
- the electrodes are separated from the external medium by the semi-permeable material, which can be achieved for example by surrounding the electrode or the two electrodes at the same time with a coating or a semi-permeable membrane, or by arranging it.
- the electrode in a device comprising a compartment for each electrode, with a semi-permeable material element between each compartment and the external medium.
- the semipermeable material that separates the electrodes from the body medium may be constituted by a semipermeable membrane surrounding the two electrodes, or by a semipermeable membrane surrounding each electrode.
- the in situ operation of the device is completed by the role of the electrolyte which closes the electrical circuit.
- This electrolyte is provided by the body medium in which the device is implanted.
- This electrolyte contains the necessary cations for this role, namely in particular Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , as well as the anions, essentially Cl and HCO 3 .
- a membrane (it can also be a rigid wall) proton exchange or polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) is a semi-permeable membrane manufactured from ionomers for proton conduction while being impervious to gases such as dioxygen or dihydrogen: the protons pass through while the gases are stopped.
- MEAs Membrane-Electrode Assembly
- PEMs are made from pure polymer membranes or composite membranes where the materials form a polymer matrix.
- One of the most commonly used materials is the National, a fluoropolymer produced by DuPont.
- the device may comprise or be formed of a container in which the electrodes are enclosed, the semi-permeable material which separates the electrodes from the body medium may constitute a part of said container.
- the container may comprise a single compartment or two compartments, as explained above.
- the container may be flexible, rigid or semi-rigid (at least one flexible portion and at least one rigid portion).
- the flexible form can be obtained by the use of the semi-permeable membrane for its manufacture.
- the rigid form can be obtained by the use of a rigid material, for example polymer or composite, semi-permeable or the combination of a rigid impermeable material and a semi-permeable rigid material, polymer or composite by example.
- the semi-rigid shape can be obtained by the use of a rigid material, for example polymer or composite, impermeable and a flexible semi-permeable membrane. It is also possible to associate an impermeable flexible material with a flexible or rigid permeable material
- any biocompatible material may be used, for example glass, parylene coated glass, elastomer, etc.
- semipermeable rigid material it is possible to use in particular a sintered ceramic or a sintered glass.
- the semi-permeable material that separates the electrodes from the body medium may consist of a porous three-dimensional matrix, in at least one block, containing the two electrodes.
- the semi-permeable material may be surrounded by a biocompatible and biofouling-resistant surface layer, also of semi-permeable material for separation from the body medium, or the semi-permeable material may have an anti-biofouling property.
- the semi-permeable material may be polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- Said device has dimensions adapted to the implantation site, in particular to the available space. It may especially have dimensions representing a total volume equal to or less than about 12 ml, preferably about 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.5 or 0.3 ml. (It can be of any form, in particular parallelepipedic, cylindrical or in the form of disc). These dimensions refer to the energy source when it is integrated, or without the energy source when it is deported.
- the electrodes are spaced from each other so as to allow the operation of the device.
- the distance between the electrodes is defined by the value of the current of the electrolysis of the water. Indeed, for example at the cathode, the reduction of the protons creates a depletion layer whose thickness depends on the value of the reduction current. In all cases, the distance between electrodes must be greater than the thickness of the depletion layer. Generally, the distance between them can be between about 0.1 mm and about 1 cm, especially between about 0.2 and about 7 mm, preferably between about 0.5 and about 5 mm. To illustrate, this separation distance can be applied between two massive electrodes (3D) arranged in parallel, or between two 2D electrodes supported by two parallel supports or it can be the separation distance between two 2D electrodes arranged on the same support.
- 3D massive electrodes
- the composition of the electrodes is adapted to the function of each of them. They may be of the same material or of two different materials. They may be made of, or include: carbon, preferably graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene, activated carbon; this carbon, preferably graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene, activated carbon, may be doped, in particular with platinum, with iron or with gold; they can still be made of platinum; in gold, or doped diamond, especially at least the anode can be gold, or doped with gold. For example, in the case of electrolysis of water, with a gold electrode, at a potential lower than 1.2 V, no dichloride formation is observed.
- a carbohydrate in the embodiment in which a carbohydrate is used at the anode, it contains or carries an enzyme capable of catalyzing the oxidation of this carbohydrate or sugar.
- the enzyme may be glucose oxidase and / or glucose dehydrogenase.
- redox mediators or cofactors can be added to the anode. These mediators and cofactors act as electron acceptors for the enzyme during glucose oxidation.
- a catalase can be used as a second catalyst in the case of glucose dehydrogenase.
- the anode may in particular be formed of an agglomerate comprising a conductive material, especially based on carbon as described above (for example graphite, carbon nanotubes), a compound useful for the function of the electrode considered, as an enzyme (for example glucose oxidase and / or glucose dehydrogenase) and another binder component, in particular a polysaccharide, such as chitosan (preferably modified to stabilize it, for example by addition of genépine), or a polymer, such as a polyvinyl alcohol polymer (PVA) or a polyacrylic acid polymer (PAA).
- a conductive material especially based on carbon as described above (for example graphite, carbon nanotubes)
- an enzyme for example glucose oxidase and / or glucose dehydrogenase
- another binder component in particular a polysaccharide, such as chitosan (preferably modified to stabilize it, for example by addition of genépine)
- PVA polyvinyl
- the enzyme at the anode is selected from the group consisting of glucose oxidase and glucose dehydrogenase.
- the conductive material is for example graphite or a conductive polymer.
- the electrode may be formed by compressing a solution mixture comprising the conductor associated with the enzyme.
- the electrode body is preferably formed by compressing graphite mixed with the enzyme. It is also possible to use a powder of a conductive polymer such as polyaniline, polypropylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the resulting pastes (for example graphite-enzyme) can be compressed at a sufficient pressure, for example of the order of 10000 kg / cm 2 .
- the electrode is formed of chitosan, enzyme and conductor. This electrode can be produced by compression, as taught in this document.
- the conductor may advantageously consist of carbon nanotubes, for example single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT - SingleWalled Nanotubes) or multiwall (MWCNT - MultiWalled Carbon NanoTubes).
- the anode comprising glucose oxidase is an embodiment of the invention for the use of glucose. It is also possible to add to this enzyme a molecule, called a redox mediator, capable of ensuring an electron transfer between the glucose oxidase and the surface of the electrode.
- these anodes comprising glucose oxidase also include a mediator. It can in particular be ferrocene, complex osmium, blue methylene, and / or a quinone derivative. This mediator can be immobilized on the surface of the electrode in particular be added to the initial mixture, in particular by pre-compression.
- the immobilization of the mediator and optionally of the enzyme can be done by covalent grafting on the surface of the electrode, by physical adsorption on the surface of the electrode, by encapsulation or trapping in a polymer matrix (Chitosan, PVA, National , etc).
- glucose dehydrogenase is employed.
- the anodes comprising glucose dehydrogenase further comprise a cofactor for acting as an electron acceptor.
- This cofactor may especially be: NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), PQD (pyrroloquinoline quinone), and / or FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide).
- glucose dehydrogenase oxidizes glucose and reduces the cofactor whose reduced form oxidizes on the surface of the electrode.
- the surface may or may not be modified by a polymer that facilitates the oxidation of the cofactor.
- This polymer can be poly (methylene blue), poly (methylene green) or poly (neutral red), deposited electrochemically or chemically on the surface of the anode.
- the electrodes may have a 2D geometry. These 2D electrodes can be manufactured by depositing the electrode-forming material on a support or two supports. Only one support for both electrodes can be used provided that the support is not electrically conductive. As support, there may be mentioned a thin sheet of graphite, platinum or gold, a thin sheet of "Gas diffusion Layer", a sheet of paper, glass, silicon.
- the deposit can be: physical deposition (PVD, cathodic evaporation, lithography, plasma deposition ...), electrochemical, printing, spray, or mechanical compression, chemical deposition (CVD, sol-gel, ...)
- the electrodes can have a 3D geometry. They can be conventionally formed, preferably by compression (for example as described above), stereolithography, 3D printing.
- the electrodes especially when they are made of metal, for example gold or platinum, can also be blades, for example a few centimeters long, a few millimeters wide, a few tens or hundreds of microns thick, or bare wires (category of 3D shapes).
- the energy source may be a battery, preferably a high energy density battery, for example a lithium battery.
- the energy source can be a biopile capable of producing electricity by consuming chemical species naturally present in the human or animal body, such as: glucose, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins.
- the biopile can be an enzymatic biopile (for example operating with glucose oxidase, see for example FR 2 958 801, glucose dehydrogenase (Yonghai Song et al., ChemElectroChem 2017, 4, 1457-1462), laccase, bilirubin oxidase); a biomimetic biopile, see for example WO2009003936.
- enzymatic biopile for example operating with glucose oxidase, see for example FR 2 958 801, glucose dehydrogenase (Yonghai Song et al., ChemElectroChem 2017, 4, 1457-1462), laccase, bilirubin oxidase); a biomimetic biopile, see for example WO2009003936.
- the energy source may be a mechanical energy recovery device, exploiting, for example, the piezoelectric effect (WO2017048906, Geon-Tae Hwang et al., Advanced Materials Volume 26, Issue 28, July 23, 2014, pages 4880- 4887.
- the power source is preferably capable of producing a voltage of at least about 1.3 V and a power of at least about 5 microWatts.
- a voltage booster To produce this energy, as will be seen below, one can add to the energy source a voltage booster.
- the power will be between about 5 microWatts and about 10 milliWatts, especially between about 250 microWatts and about 1 milliWatts. Power examples are about 5 microWatts, about 250 microWatts, about 1 milliWatts, about 10 milliWatts.
- the voltage is between about 1.3 V and about 3 V, especially between about 1.3 V and about 1.5 V.
- the energy source is a rechargeable battery by transcutaneous energy transfer, for example according to US Pat. No. 8,620,447.
- the device may also include a voltage booster, capable of transforming the voltage produced into a higher voltage.
- a voltage booster capable of transforming the voltage produced into a higher voltage.
- the voltage booster makes it possible to obtain a higher voltage, for example greater than approximately 1, 3 V, to ensure the desired reaction at the anode, such as hydrolysis of water.
- the device comprises a control element for the opening and closing of the physical electrical circuit. This may be a switch, especially placed on a conductor connected to the power source. It is in particular controlled by a remote control and / or a computer, for controlling this element or switch in a timely manner or programmed.
- the device according to the invention has the advantage of isolating the electrodes from the surrounding tissues.
- the electric field is focused between the two electrodes and their vicinity, but remains isolated from the tissue to limit the electric current likely to touch or cross.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing in vivo hydrogen and / or oxygen within the body of a man or an animal.
- a device according to the invention which has been put in place.
- This method can also include the placement of the device in the body. This can in particular be done by a surgical act, adapted to the implantation site and the dimensions of the device.
- This method can provide for the implantation of several of these devices, at the desired locations, and / or devices grouping several pairs of electrodes. When there are multiple devices or pairs of electrodes, the power source can be clean or shared.
- the method may also include the act of electrically connecting a device to a remote power source.
- the method may also provide for controlling the closing and opening of the circuit by the means provided for this purpose.
- animal within the meaning of the invention, include large animals, sports animals (including horse), and pets such as dogs and cats.
- Figure 1 is a diagram of a first device for the hydrolysis of water.
- Figure 2 is a diagram of a second device for the hydrolysis of water.
- Figure 3 is a diagram of a first device using glucose.
- Figure 4 is a diagram of a rigid device.
- Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a third device for hydrolysis of water.
- Fig. 6 is a diagram of a second device using glucose.
- the device is formed of an anode 1 and a cathode 2, placed inside a semi-permeable membrane 3, insulated conductors son, namely 4 connecting conductor the cathode 2 at the pole (-) of a power source, and conductor 5 connecting the cathode 2 to the pole (+) of the energy source.
- the power source is a Lithium-CFx (Lithium-CFx) battery, delivering between 3.2 V and 2.5 V, and connected to a circuit for circulating between anode and cathode a current of 8 microAmpers under 1, 3 V.
- the semipermeable membrane has a cut-off of 100 Da.
- the electrodes are platinum blades, they are arranged in parallel and separated by a space 6 of 3 mm.
- the water and electrolytes present in the medium penetrate inside the space created by the semipermeable membrane. Under the effect of the electric current delivered by the lithium battery, the water is electrolyzed, leading to the release of hydrogen at the cathode and oxygen at the anode.
- This device differs from that of Example 1 in that the membrane 3 is replaced by two semipermeable membranes 8 and 9, surrounding the anode, respectively the cathode.
- the semi-permeable membranes have a cut-off of 150 Da.
- the device is formed of an anode 10 and a cathode 12, each placed inside a semipermeable membrane 11, respectively 13, insulated conductors son, namely conductor 14 connecting the cathode 12 to the pole (-) a power source, and conductor 15 connecting the anode 10 to the pole (+) of the energy source.
- the power source is a lithium battery 16, delivering between 3.2 V and 2.5 V, and connected to a circuit for circulating between anode and cathode a current of 1 milliAmpere under 0.3 V.
- the cathode is a 3D electrode made of carbon nanotubes, laccase, chitosan and genipin
- the anode is a 3D electrode formed of carbon nanotubes, glucose oxidase, chitosan and genipin, according to the teaching of FR 3 019 384
- the membrane 11 has a cut-off threshold of 500 and the membrane 13 has a cutoff threshold of 200.
- the membrane 11 has a cut-off threshold of 200 and the membrane 13 has a cut-off threshold of 100.
- a National® membrane is provided between the two electrodes.
- glucose passes through the semipermeable membrane o glucose oxidase transforms it into gluconate + 2H + + 2 e ⁇ The electrons are captured by the anode. Gluconate breaks down the membrane, the protons too.
- glucose when using glucose, can be provided to retransform catalase H 2 0 2 to H 2 0 and 0 2 1 ⁇ 2, in case the presence of 0 2 to the anode enable a side reaction with glucose leading to the formation of H 2 0 2 .
- Another variant is, with or without the presence of catalase, to apply a higher voltage to the anode (> 0.6V) to oxidize H 2 0 2 .
- glucose oxidase is replaced by glucose dehydrogenase.
- the anode then contains this enzyme and, in addition, a cofactor.
- Example 4 hydrolysis of water, lithium battery
- the device is implanted in patients with Alzheimer's disease and carrying the genotype of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) (see htps: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ Pubmed / 29t 10815. This study shows an interest in ingestion of 300 mL per day of hydrogenated water).
- APOE4 apolipoprotein E4
- the power source is a Lithium-CFx battery of the type used in wireless pacemakers, which operate at a voltage between 3.2 V and 2.5 V.
- the power embedded in the Nanostim battery is therefore 2376 J, in a volume of 760 microL, or about 3 J / microL.
- the power embedded in the Nanostim battery is therefore 2376 J, in a volume of 760 microL, or about 3 J / microL.
- to produce H 2 by hydrolysis of water, with a yield of 70% one can provide about 0.4 J / (micromole of H 2 ). So to produce 240 micromoles of H 2 per 24 hours, a battery with a volume of about 32 microL can be used. A battery of 12.8 mL then allows to ship the necessary power for 400 days, more than a year.
- the electrodes will consist of platinum plates 0.1 mm thick, 4 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, placed in a semi-permeable membrane.
- the entire device can be positioned, just like a conventional pacemaker, under the clavicle.
- This example describes the formation of H 2 . But of course, it also applies to the generation of 0 2 , taking into account the fact that it takes 2 times more energy to produce a mole of 0 2 than a mole of H 2 .
- the anode of the device of FIG. 3 comprises a glucose oxidase and a mediator (ferrocene, complex osmium, blue methylene, or quinone derivative).
- a potential difference of 0.3 V is then enough to oxidize the glucose at the anode and reduce the proton at the cathode.
- keeping a size of 12 mL for the battery we obtain a lifetime of the device of 1732 days, or nearly 5 years.
- This device can be used in the application of the preceding example, for the production of hydrogen.
- Example 6 Compared to Example 5, the battery which supplies the 0.3 V is a glucose biopile, according to the teachings of patents such as FR 3,019,384 and FR 2,958,801.
- Example 7 implantation sites of the device.
- Implantation sites include under the skin, in or near the brain (especially inside the cerebral ventricles), in the intestine, the heart.
- Example 8 Diagrammatically in Figure 4 a device in the form of a cylindrical container, whose body 19 is glass covered with parylene, or could be entirely in parylene. This body has an opening at one of the apices of the cylinder, which is closed by a disc 20 of semipermeable composite material.
- the two electrodes 18 and a simplified electrical circuit 21 have been represented, in which the energy source is not represented.
- Example 9 Device for the electrolysis of water in a porous matrix.
- the device is formed of an anode 101 and a cathode 102 which are placed in a porous matrix 103.
- the conductive wires 104 and 105 respectively connect the cathode 102 to the (-) pole and the anode 101 to the (+) pole. of the energy source 107.
- the porous matrix 103 is formed of a semi-permeable material, has a cutoff threshold of 50 to 100 Da and is coated with a biocompatible surface layer 122 and anti-biofouling properties.
- This surface layer 122 is also semi-permeable and has a cutoff threshold of 50 to 100 Da.
- the porous matrix 103 prevents any growth of cells inside thereof and that an electric current circulates in the living tissue surrounding the device.
- the H + ions are reduced at the cathode to produce dihydrogen and the water is oxidized at the anode with production of dioxygen.
- the matrix 103 itself has anti-biofouling properties, in which case the layer 122 is not used.
- Example 10 Device with Enzymatic Catalysis in a Porous Matrix
- the device is formed of an anode 1 10 and a cathode 1 12 which are each placed in a semipermeable membrane respectively 1 1 1 and 1 13.
- Conductor son 1 14 and 1 15 respectively connect the cathode 1 12 to pole (-) and the anode 1 to the pole (+) of the energy source 1 16.
- the anode 1 and the cathode 1 12 each coated with a semipermeable membrane, respectively 1 1 1 and 1 13 are placed in a porous matrix 123.
- the porous matrix is coated with a biocompatible surface layer 124 and with properties anti-biofouling.
- the anode 1 has an enzyme for conducting the oxidation of glucose to gluconate.
- the surface layer 124, the porous matrix 123 and the semipermeable membrane 11 1 all have a cutoff threshold greater than 200 Da.
- the cutoff threshold of the semipermeable membrane 1 13 which is disposed on the cathode 1 12 is 50 to 100 Da.
- the matrix 123 already provides selectivity. It may be noted that it is also envisaged that the matrix 123 itself has anti-biofouling properties, in which case the layer 124 is not used.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1763088A FR3075831B1 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2017-12-22 | IMPLANTABLE HYDROGEN PRODUCTION DEVICE |
PCT/EP2018/086811 WO2019122441A1 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2018-12-21 | Implantable device for producing hydrogen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3728700A1 true EP3728700A1 (en) | 2020-10-28 |
Family
ID=62167433
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18836260.2A Pending EP3728700A1 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2018-12-21 | Implantable device for producing hydrogen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11660314B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3728700A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN111819308B (en) |
FR (1) | FR3075831B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019122441A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3099645B1 (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2021-09-10 | Univ Grenoble Alpes | ENZYMATIC BIOCATHODE, ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS AS WELL AS FUEL BIOPILE AND BIOCAPTEUR CONTAINING THIS ENZYMATIC BIOCATHODE |
FR3121605A1 (en) | 2021-04-08 | 2022-10-14 | Universite Grenoble Alpes | Hydrogen transdermal delivery device |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE316090B (en) | 1964-11-04 | 1969-10-13 | Bofors Ab | |
US3441698A (en) | 1966-10-03 | 1969-04-29 | Gen Electric | Vacuum-type circuit interrupter |
US6368592B1 (en) * | 1998-07-17 | 2002-04-09 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method of delivering oxygen to cells by electrolyzing water |
US8012500B2 (en) | 2000-01-01 | 2011-09-06 | Beta-O2 Technologies Ltd. | Implantable device |
US6503648B1 (en) * | 2001-03-26 | 2003-01-07 | Biomed Solutions, Llc | Implantable fuel cell |
WO2009003936A2 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-08 | Universite Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 | Biomimetic artificial membrane device |
FR2930076B1 (en) | 2008-04-09 | 2011-06-03 | Univ Joseph Fourier | BIOPILE WITH IMPROVED PERFORMANCE |
WO2010091074A2 (en) * | 2009-02-03 | 2010-08-12 | Purdue Research Foundation | Method and apparatus for improving local hypoxicity for enhanced therapy |
FR2958801B1 (en) * | 2010-04-08 | 2012-05-25 | Univ Joseph Fourier | BIOPILE A GLUCOSE |
US8620447B2 (en) | 2011-04-14 | 2013-12-31 | Abiomed Inc. | Transcutaneous energy transfer coil with integrated radio frequency antenna |
KR102323291B1 (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2021-11-05 | 기너 라이프 사이언시즈, 인크. | System for gas treatment of a cell implant |
FR3019384B1 (en) | 2014-03-25 | 2018-01-12 | Universite Grenoble Alpes | BIOCOMPATIBLE IMPLANTABLE REACTOR |
FR3034307B1 (en) | 2015-04-03 | 2021-10-22 | Univ Grenoble 1 | IMPLANTABLE INTESTINAL REACTOR |
US10463864B2 (en) | 2015-09-15 | 2019-11-05 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Energy harvesting for leadless pacemakers |
US20170105832A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-20 | Kenneth Samuel Rosenblum | Porous membrane structures and related techniques |
-
2017
- 2017-12-22 FR FR1763088A patent/FR3075831B1/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-12-21 EP EP18836260.2A patent/EP3728700A1/en active Pending
- 2018-12-21 CN CN201880089524.9A patent/CN111819308B/en active Active
- 2018-12-21 US US16/956,842 patent/US11660314B2/en active Active
- 2018-12-21 WO PCT/EP2018/086811 patent/WO2019122441A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN111819308B (en) | 2023-12-26 |
FR3075831B1 (en) | 2020-11-13 |
US11660314B2 (en) | 2023-05-30 |
FR3075831A1 (en) | 2019-06-28 |
US20200390802A1 (en) | 2020-12-17 |
CN111819308A (en) | 2020-10-23 |
WO2019122441A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2965335B1 (en) | Biocompatible electrochemical supercapacitor | |
Kerzenmacher et al. | Energy harvesting by implantable abiotically catalyzed glucose fuel cells | |
MacVittie et al. | A wireless transmission system powered by an enzyme biofuel cell implanted in an orange | |
US10738387B2 (en) | Electrochemical cell containing a graphene coated electrode | |
US20140220459A1 (en) | Electrode material, electrode, and battery | |
Kloke et al. | A single layer glucose fuel cell intended as power supplying coating for medical implants | |
EP3804013B1 (en) | Biocell with fuel reservoir | |
WO2014186517A1 (en) | Flexible and implantable glucose fuel cell | |
EP3728700A1 (en) | Implantable device for producing hydrogen | |
Aghahosseini et al. | Glucose-based biofuel cells: nanotechnology as a vital science in biofuel cells performance | |
US8546002B2 (en) | Yeast biofilm based fuel cell | |
US10316284B2 (en) | Implantable biocompatible reactor | |
Stetten et al. | A one-compartment, direct glucose fuel cell for powering long-term medical implants | |
US20140038066A1 (en) | Paper-Based Fuel Cell | |
Sharma et al. | Emerging trends in bioenergy harvesters for chronic powered implants | |
EP2379780B1 (en) | Novel electrochemical method for producing hydrogen, and device for implementing same | |
FR3045952A1 (en) | MICROBIAL FUEL CELL WITH ELECTRODE COATED WITH TITANIUM NITRIDE AND USES THEREOF | |
FR3121605A1 (en) | Hydrogen transdermal delivery device | |
CN107075497A (en) | Method for manufacturing conducting film by electrochemica biological reactor | |
EP2253743A1 (en) | Cell for electrolysing water with a solid electrolyte containing few or zero noble metals. | |
JP2010092667A (en) | Enzyme electrode, and fuel cell using the same | |
FR3022694A1 (en) | BIOCOMPATIBLE IMPLANTABLE REACTOR | |
WO2023275134A1 (en) | Pancreatic cell receiving matrix and improved artificial pancreas device | |
FR3045951A1 (en) | MICROBIAL FUEL CELL WITH ELECTRODE COATED WITH CHROMIUM NITRIDE AND USES THEREOF | |
Bhat et al. | Carbon Nanomaterials for Biofuel Cells |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20200721 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20231005 |