EP3724121B1 - Load-force-independent triggering device - Google Patents
Load-force-independent triggering device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3724121B1 EP3724121B1 EP18839804.4A EP18839804A EP3724121B1 EP 3724121 B1 EP3724121 B1 EP 3724121B1 EP 18839804 A EP18839804 A EP 18839804A EP 3724121 B1 EP3724121 B1 EP 3724121B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- release
- triggering device
- load
- force
- lever
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
- B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
- B66C1/22—Rigid members, e.g. L-shaped members, with parts engaging the under surface of the loads; Crane hooks
- B66C1/34—Crane hooks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
- B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
- B66C1/22—Rigid members, e.g. L-shaped members, with parts engaging the under surface of the loads; Crane hooks
- B66C1/34—Crane hooks
- B66C1/36—Crane hooks with means, e.g. spring-biased detents, for preventing inadvertent disengagement of loads
Definitions
- the invention relates to a load-independent release device for a load exerting force thereon, which is held in a CLOSED position of the release device and released in an OPEN position of the release device, with a housing and a release lever which is connected to a release pawl via a steering lever , wherein the release lever is rotatably mounted on a first housing axis, the release pawl on a second housing axis and the steering lever on a first steering lever axis on the release lever and on a second steering lever axis on the release pawl, as well as with a spring device acting at least on the release lever and a locking device which the release device is fixed in the CLOSED position.
- a release device is used to separate a load from a device, for example a crane or a portal.
- a release device that is independent of the load force separates the load from the device independently of the force that the load exerts on the release device prior to separation.
- a heavy load blocks the release device because the parts that can be opened no longer move under the effect of the load force.
- the release device can then only be opened by lifting the load force.
- release devices that are independent of the load force the load force is not applied to the opening components, so that they can also open safely under the action of the load force on the release device.
- release devices which are independent of the load force, are known, for example, for gliders (so-called “tow couplings"). Release devices that are independent of the load force are also of great advantage in the underwater area, because large loads often have to be lowered in the water under their downward force or have to be caught up in the water under their upward force.
- a tow release for aircraft is described which is triggered independently of the force that a towed aircraft, usually a glider, exerts on the clutch.
- a CLOSED position of the release device the aircraft is held in the air by means of a tow rope; in an "OPEN position" (open position) of the release device, the tow rope and thus the aircraft are released.
- the known release device which is independent of the load force, comprises a housing on which a rotatable segment and a lever are arranged on a first housing axis. The segment and lever form a release lever. The first housing axis is fixed in place in the housing.
- a release pawl is rotatably mounted on a second housing axis.
- the second housing axis is also fixed in place in the housing.
- the release lever and release pawl are articulated to one another by a steering lever.
- the steering lever is rotatably mounted on a first steering lever axis on the release lever and on a second steering lever axis on the release pawl.
- the steering lever is designed in the form of a straight bracket, the first and second steering lever axis are each arranged at one end of the steering lever. They are not fixed in the housing and move together with the steering lever.
- the steering lever is only guided by the release lever and release latch, which under extreme conditions can lead to undefined and indissoluble positions of the steering lever in the housing.
- the release lever (or the rotatable segment) and the steering lever together form a knee. In doing so, they are in their dead center position, so that they block each other and there is a self-retention. As a result of the knee, the force exerted by the load is diverted in the release device and no longer acts directly on the locking mechanism. For the triggering, a relatively small force independent of the load force must now be applied, which releases the knee.
- a spring device is provided in the known release device, which acts on the release lever (or on the rotatable segment). The degree of kneeling or self-holding can be set by adjusting the spring force. This determines the release force.
- the release pawl When releasing the knee joint or when pulling back the release lever and the straight steering lever, the release pawl is actuated at the same time. The load is then released by rotating it around the second housing axis.
- the known release device has a locking device in the form of a manually operated eccentric lever, by means of which the release device is fixed in the CLOSED position (closed position).
- the known triggering device is triggered either manually by actuating the trigger lever or automatically by force-induced shearing off of a trigger pin made of plastic, which locks the triggering device in the CLOSED position. To do this, the plastic pin blocks a spring-loaded counter pawl.
- both trigger mechanisms are not suitable for reliably triggering the triggering device even from a distance and under the disruptive influence of external, irregular and sometimes very strong forces.
- Force-independent release devices for underwater use are, for example, from the U.S. 3,504,407 A and the DE 10 2010 010 161 B4 known. However, these work without kneeling and direct the load forces around the release elements via massive structural components.
- the task of the present invention is to further develop the generic load force-independent release device described at the beginning so that the release device can also be reliably operated from a distance and under the irregular influence of external forces, but without additional external forces Force application can be triggered, with undefined positions of the steering lever in the housing must be avoided. All the advantages of a release device that is independent of the load force should be retained. The solution to this problem can be found in the main claim. Advantageous further developments of the invention are shown in the subclaims and explained in more detail below in connection with the invention.
- the steering lever is angular and in the CLOSED position of the release device rests on a first contact surface in the housing and in the OPEN position of the release device on a second contact surface in the housing, with the two steering lever axes on the first contact surface of the steering lever are positioned immediately before a self-holding dead center position to the first housing axis and on the second contact surface of the steering lever outside the dead center position, and that the spring device is designed as a tension spring which is arranged between the release lever and the release pawl and in the CLOSED position the release device exerts a force on the release lever in the direction of the OPEN position of the release device.
- the steering lever is angled and is guided between two contact surfaces, the steering lever in the CLOSED position being in contact with the first contact surface and in the OPEN position in contact with the second contact surface.
- the steering lever which does not occupy a fixed axis in the housing, but only articulated with the release lever and the release pawl is connected, thus occupies only firmly defined positions in the release device. This increases the reliability of the trip.
- the defined position is also supported by the angularity of the steering lever, which at least in the CLOSED position advantageously rests on a correspondingly angled contact surface. Vertical shifts are reliably avoided.
- the angularity of the steering lever is advantageous in order to bring the two steering lever axes on the steering lever in the CLOSED position of the release device with the first housing axis into a position immediately before their dead center position. Due to the angularity, the two steering lever axes can be positioned above and below the first housing axis.
- the steering lever is deliberately brought very close to the dead center position so that it always tries to get out of this position in the direction of the OPEN position. Nevertheless, by positioning the steering lever in relation to the housing in an approximately dead-center position, the load forces acting on it do not act on the steering lever and block it, if necessary, but are introduced around it into the housing.
- the release movement of the steering lever is supported by the tension spring provided between the release lever and the release pawl, which is arranged at a slight angle.
- the premature or unintentional triggering is prevented by the locking device, by means of which the triggering device is reliably fixed in the CLOSED position.
- the release device opens automatically and without any further external force input, since the energy stored in the tension spring folds over the steering lever, which is just before dead center and has a tendency to fold over, at an accelerated rate. Due to the tendency of the steering lever to want to open automatically, in connection with the tension spring, any obstructions of the release device, such as rust, dirt, deposits (especially in underwater use) and friction, can be safely overcome.
- the release device according to the invention provides a simple but particularly reliable release that is independent of the load force and that reliably releases even heavy loads under adverse environmental conditions and does not block in undefined positions.
- the two contact surfaces for the steering lever are preferably and advantageously formed by a closed contour in the housing.
- This also gives the contact surfaces a precisely defined position and stability.
- a contour can be produced relatively easily in a housing wall by milling.
- the release lever is A-shaped (trapezoidal).
- the tension spring can then be attached to the preferably flattened tip of the release lever without bending the release lever.
- the locking device can then act on the release lever immediately next to it.
- the release pawl can have a hook in its lower area, into which, for example, a rope for the load can be hung.
- the rope can be secured on the hook, for example, via the housing as a counter bearing.
- a counter pawl is provided which is rotatably mounted on a third housing axis and forms a closed eye with the release pawl and the housing in the CLOSED position of the release pawl and the housing in which the load can be held.
- the suspended load then does not have to slip off a hook. Rather, the holding surface is completely dissolved when opening, so that the release of the load is reliably guaranteed.
- a heavy-duty version with a load capacity of up to 3 t can preferably and advantageously be provided.
- the housing has a receptacle for a load rope. It is therefore preferred and advantageous if the housing has an elongated hole open on one side to form the eyelet. The rope can then be inserted into this elongated hole and is there without a large lateral play safely guided.
- the mating pawl can assume a defined position in the CLOSED position of the release device, it is preferred and advantageous if the mating pawl has a nose which is mounted on an end stop in the housing in the CLOSED position of the release device. Furthermore, the release pawl and the counter pawl can preferably and advantageously have shoulders which are attached to one another in the CLOSED position of the release device. All of these measures are used to reliably secure the load rope in the CLOSED position of the release device.
- the CLOSED position is held exclusively by the action of the locking device.
- the locking device comprises an electromagnetic trigger with an axially displaceable trigger pin, by means of which the trigger lever is fixed in the closed position of the triggering device in the housing, the axially displaceable trigger pin being arranged orthogonally to the trigger lever.
- An electromagnetic trigger solenoid actuator
- the trigger pin is held in the CLOSED position by the armature of the electromagnet and locked there by a spring. The trigger pin engages the trigger lever through a hole.
- the electromagnet When triggered, the electromagnet is actuated electrically and causes the trigger pin to be withdrawn into the interior of the trigger, so that the trigger lever is released.
- the tension spring especially in the form of a spiral spring, i.e. spiral tension spring
- the release lever Under the acting spring force of the tension spring (especially in the form of a spiral spring, i.e. spiral tension spring) the release lever is pulled down and takes the steering lever with it.
- the electromagnetic release or the axially displaceable release pin is preferably and advantageously arranged orthogonally to the release lever. This prevents accidental external forces acting on the release device from inadvertently actuating the release. Unintentional forces in the direction of the axially displaceable trigger pin can still occur because the trigger pin is quite light and is held in position by a small spring.
- the locking device comprises an additional safety device through which the release lever is in the CLOSED position of the release device is fixed in the housing.
- the additional fuse can preferably and advantageously be designed as a spring pin. This is a transport lock that must be removed manually. Remote triggering is not provided.
- a tab for manual positioning of the release lever in the OPEN position of the release device can be arranged on the release lever. This improves the manual handling of the release device. No tools are required to move the system into the CLOSED position. Furthermore, for easy handling of the force-independent release device according to the invention, it is preferred and advantageous if a suspension is arranged at the upper end. This can be, for example, a rod that is connected to a portal or a shackle that is connected to a rope.
- the release device claimed with the invention is particularly resistant to accidental load surges from the outside. Such effects can occur if the release device is used in the underwater area. Here it can be exposed to strong waves or currents or ship movements.
- the claimed release device can in particular be used on a research ship and serve to deploy a measuring apparatus there. Autonomous underwater vehicles (lander) with a weight of over 2 t can also be deployed. It is imperative to ensure that there is no triggering takes place above the water level in order to prevent damage to the measuring apparatus when it hits the water surface.
- the release may only take place in the water body (the measuring apparatus then sinks further) or only after the measuring apparatus has been placed on the bottom of the water. It is therefore preferred and advantageous, particularly in the case of operations at sea, if a seawater-proof material design is provided for the release device which is independent of the load force. In particular, stainless steels and plastics are used here.
- the invention relates to the locking device.
- the electromagnetic release must be protected. On the one hand, it can be integrated into a pressure-resistant housing. However, it is preferred and advantageous to design the electromagnetic release to be pressure-neutral. For this purpose, it is filled into a transparent plastic cylinder that can be closed with two lids and completely filled with a pressure fluid, mostly pressure oil. For volume compensation, a flexible pressure compensation element that is connected to the ambient pressure (i.e. also to the ambient medium water) is inserted into the plastic cylinder.
- This can preferably and advantageously be a pressure-resistant tubular bag made of PVC, such as is used in the medical sector for collecting liquids.
- the tubular bag has an integrated supply hose through which the seawater can penetrate into its interior and can be easily adapted to any volume. Further details on the use of such bags and their advantages can be found in the older German registrations 102017119115.1 (pressure-neutral battery) and 102017119158.5 (pressure-neutral electric motor). Further details on the invention and its embodiments can be found in the embodiments described below.
- a load force-independent release device 01 is shown for an application in the underwater area.
- the materials used are therefore seawater-proof.
- the release device 01 is in the CLOSED position, in which a load, for example an OFOS (Ocean Floor Observation System) in a setting frame, is held, for example on a crane on a research ship.
- the OFOS and the lowering frame weigh several hundred kilograms, which in the hanging state act on the release device 01 as a whole, but not on the immediate release area. Rather, the force is directed past it through the release device 01 .
- the triggering device 01 can be triggered independently of the load force acting by applying only a small triggering force.
- the release device 01 comprises a housing 02, which in the exemplary embodiment shown consists of two structured steel sheets 03, 04 (cf. Fig. 3 ) is screwed together. This has the advantage that the further, in particular movable, components can be arranged between the two steel sheets 03, 04 and are thus protected from external influences.
- the release device 01 further comprises a release lever 05, which is rotatably mounted on a stationary first housing axis 06. In the embodiment shown, the release lever 05 is A-shaped, with a flattened upper edge 07 having.
- the release device 01 comprises a release pawl 08 which is rotatably mounted on a stationary second housing axis 09.
- the housing 02 consists essentially of the two steel sheets 03, 04 arranged parallel to one another.
- the release lever 05 and the release pawl 08 work between the two steel sheets 03, 04. So that there is no obstruction with the steering lever 10 , it consists of two parallel ones Parts of which one part is guided in the steel sheet 03 and the other part in the steel sheet 04 in the contour 21 (see below).
- the steering lever 10 is the steering lever 10 shown consisting of two parts. A one-piece design is also easily possible.
- the steering lever 10 is rotatably connected to the release lever 05 via a movable first steering lever axis 11 and to the release pawl 08 via a movable second steering lever axis 12.
- the two steering lever axes 11, 12 and the first housing axis 06 are arranged to one another immediately before their dead center position 41 (dashed line in FIG Fig. 1 Showing that the second steering lever shaft 12 is slightly deviated from the linear connection between the housing axis 06 and the first steering arm axis 11).
- This arrangement results in an extensive knee, consisting of the release lever 05 and steering lever 10, which ensures that a load force occurring on the release pawl 08 is not transmitted to the release lever 05.
- the steering lever 10 is not fixed in the dead center, but has a tendency to want to move in the direction of the OPEN position.
- This is supported by a spring device 13 in the form of a tension spring 14, which is arranged between the upper edge 07 of the release lever 05 and the release pawl 08 .
- the tension spring 14 is positioned slightly obliquely, ie an upper stop point 15 of the tension spring 14 is slightly offset vertically from a lower stop point 16.
- the tension spring 14 (in the embodiment shown is a simple, standardized, commercially available coil spring) is in the CLOSED position and has a tendency to pulling the release lever 05 downwards.
- a locking device 17 with an axially displaceable trigger pin 18 which engages from behind through an opening in the trigger lever 05 (cf. Fig. 3 ) and fix it in the CLOSED position. If the fixation is canceled, the tension spring 14 pulls the steering lever 11 directly into the OPEN position, which leads to an immediate opening of the release pawl 08 .
- the steering lever 10 is angled. In the embodiment shown, it is bent in its center at an obtuse angle of approximately 120 °. In the CLOSED position, it rests against a first contact surface 19 in the housing 02 . Its position is thus precisely defined. The first contact surface 19 is also formed at an obtuse angle. In the OPEN position, on the other hand, the steering lever 10 is mounted on a second contact surface 20 in the housing 02 (cf. Fig. 2 ). This position is also precisely defined. The second contact surface 20 is also formed at an obtuse angle.
- the two contact surfaces 19, 20 are formed by a contour 21 in the housing 02 .
- This is in both steel sheets 03, 04 (compare Fig. 3 ) and has the closed shape of a boomerang.
- the first steering lever axis 11 rests on the first contact surface 19 in the upper region of the contour 21 .
- the second steering lever axis 12 rests on the second contact surface 20 in the lower area of the contour 21 (cf. Fig. 2 ).
- a counter pawl 22 is shown, which is rotatably mounted on a stationary third housing axis 23.
- the counter pawl 22 forms a closed eye 24 with the release pawl 08 and the housing 01 , in which a load can be held (for example via a rope).
- the housing 02 or the two steel sheets 03, 04 has an elongated hole 25 that is open on one side.
- the nose 26 For a defined position of the counter pawl 22 in the CLOSED position, it has a nose 26 which presses against an end stop 27 in the housing 02.
- the end stop 27 can be designed in the form of a small shaft 28 between the two steel sheets 03, 04 be.
- the release pawl 08 and the counter pawl 22 also have shoulders 29 , with which they rest securely against one another.
- FIG. 1 the locking device 17 can only be seen in the area of the trigger pin 18 , further details are shown in FIG Fig. 3 with insert. It is shown here that the locking device 17 is arranged on the rear side of the release device 01 , specifically orthogonally to it (the release pin 18 is arranged orthogonally to the release lever 05 ). This right-angled arrangement to each other reliably prevents false tripping due to undesired forces, such as can occur in particular when immersing in the surface of the water.
- the locking device 17 comprises an electromagnetic trigger 30 (for example solenoid actuator Intertec®ITS-LS-4035-D-12VDC) in which an actuator (armature with or only trigger pin 18) within a magnetic coil linearly, ie in the direction of the axis is moved back and forth.
- an actuator armature with or only trigger pin 18
- the release pin 18 engages through the housing 02 or the rear sheet steel 04 into a hole in the release lever 05 and fixes it.
- a spring on the trigger 30 holds the armature locked in the CLOSED position.
- the release pin 18 In the OPEN position, the release pin 18 is withdrawn and the release lever 05 is released.
- the electromagnetic release 30 is arranged in a transparent plastic cylinder 31 (polycarbonate) which is closed in a pressure-tight manner by two covers 32.
- the plastic cylinder 31 and the trigger are filled with a pressure oil (for example white oil or silicone).
- a pressure oil for example white oil or silicone.
- the transparency of the plastic cylinder 31 makes it easier to check its interior.
- a pressure compensation element 33 is also arranged, the volume of which can be changed as a function of the pressure.
- this is a simple tubular bag 34 (PVC), as is known from the medical sector (infusion bag, urine bag, secretion bag).
- PVC tubular bag 34
- the inside of the tubular bag 34 is filled with the environment via an integrated supply hose 35 , i.e. with water from the hydrostatic pressure column during underwater use, so that pressure equalization takes place between inside and outside and pressure neutrality prevails.
- the armature of the trigger 30 protrudes backwards out of the cover 32 so that the pressure oil volume remains constant when actuated and to be able to preload the trigger 30 by hand if necessary (insert armature) or to be able to check for correct locking (no armature is in front).
- an electrical lead 36 for actuating the trigger 30 is shown.
- Fig. 1 Another part of the locking device is in the Fig. 1 shown.
- a grip tab 39 is also shown on the release lever 05 , which is used to move the release lever from the OPEN position, compare Fig. 2 to move back to the CLOSED position.
- the OPEN position of the release device 01 is shown. Most of the components have already been related to the Fig. 1 explained. Well the greatly changed positions of the release lever 05 and of the steering lever 10 and of the tension spring 14 can be seen.
- the release pawl 08 has only moved a little, but the counter pawl 22 is released.
- the release device 01 is open, the rope could slide out of the elongated hole 25.
- the counter pawl 22 again rests against the end stop 27 and does not block the elongated hole 25.
- a suspension 40 is shown at the upper end of the triggering device 01 , on which a coupling rod or a hook (not shown further) for fastening / suspending the triggering device on a portal or a crane can be arranged.
- the release device 01 provides a simple but particularly reliable and easy-to-use device with which very large loads of up to 3 t can be reliably held and reliably released even under particularly difficult environmental conditions, especially underwater .
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Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine lastkraftunabhängige Auslöseeinrichtung für eine darauf kraftausübende Last, die in einer ZU-Position der Auslöseeinrichtung gehalten und in einer AUF-Position der Auslöseeinrichtung freigegeben wird, mit einem Gehäuse und einem Auslösehebel, der über einen Lenkhebel mit einer Auslöseklinke verbunden ist, wobei der Auslösehebel an einer ersten Gehäuseachse, die Auslöseklinke an einer zweiten Gehäuseachse und der Lenkhebel an einer ersten Lenkhebelachse am Auslösehebel und an einer zweiten Lenkhebelachse an der Auslöseklinke drehbar gelagert ist, sowie mit einer zumindest auf den Auslösehebel einwirkenden Federeinrichtung und einer Verrieglungseinrichtung, durch die die Auslöseeinrichtung in der ZU-Position fixiert ist.The invention relates to a load-independent release device for a load exerting force thereon, which is held in a CLOSED position of the release device and released in an OPEN position of the release device, with a housing and a release lever which is connected to a release pawl via a steering lever , wherein the release lever is rotatably mounted on a first housing axis, the release pawl on a second housing axis and the steering lever on a first steering lever axis on the release lever and on a second steering lever axis on the release pawl, as well as with a spring device acting at least on the release lever and a locking device which the release device is fixed in the CLOSED position.
Eine Auslöseeinrichtung dient dazu, eine Last von einer Vorrichtung, beispielsweise einem Kran oder einem Portal, zu trennen. Eine lastkraftunabhängige Auslöseeinrichtung trennt die Last von der Vorrichtung unabhängig von der Kraft, die die Last vor dem Trennen auf die Auslöseeinrichtung ausübt. Bei vielen Vorrichtungen ist es bekannt, dass eine schwere Last die Auslösevorrichtung blockiert, weil die zum Öffnen beweglichen Teile sich unter der Lastkraftwirkung nicht mehr bewegen. Nur ein Aufheben der Lastkraft ermöglicht dann ein Öffnen der Auslösevorrichtung. Dies ist aber insbesondere bei sehr schweren Lasten nicht oder nur mit sehr großem Aufwand möglich. Bei lastkraftunabhängigen Auslöseeinrichtungen wird die Lastkraft nicht auf die öffnenden Komponenten gegeben, sodass diese auch unter Einwirkung der Lastkraft auf die Auslöseeinrichtung an sich sicher öffnen können. Derartige lastkraftunabhängige Auslöseeinrichtungen sind beispielsweise für Segelflugzeuge bekannt (sogenannte "Schleppkupplungen"). Auch im Unterwasserbereich sind lastkraftunabhängige Auslöseeinrichtungen von großem Vorteil, weil häufig große Lasten unter deren Abtriebskraft im Wasser abgesenkt oder unter deren Auftriebskraft im Wasser aufgeholt werden müssen.A release device is used to separate a load from a device, for example a crane or a portal. A release device that is independent of the load force separates the load from the device independently of the force that the load exerts on the release device prior to separation. In many devices it is known that a heavy load blocks the release device because the parts that can be opened no longer move under the effect of the load force. The release device can then only be opened by lifting the load force. However, especially with very heavy loads, this is not possible or only possible with a great deal of effort. With release devices that are independent of the load force, the load force is not applied to the opening components, so that they can also open safely under the action of the load force on the release device. Such release devices, which are independent of the load force, are known, for example, for gliders (so-called "tow couplings"). Release devices that are independent of the load force are also of great advantage in the underwater area, because large loads often have to be lowered in the water under their downward force or have to be caught up in the water under their upward force.
Der der Erfindung nächstliegende Stand der Technik wird in der
Der Auslösehebel (bzw. das drehbare Segment) und der Lenkhebel bilden zusammen eine Verknieung. Dabei befinden sie sich in ihrer Totpunktlage, sodass sie sich gegenseitig blockieren und eine Selbsthaltung gegeben ist. Durch die Verknieung wird die von der Last einwirkende Kraft in der Auslöseeinrichtung umgeleitet und wirkt nicht mehr direkt auf die Verrieglung ein. Für das Auslösen muss nunmehr eine relativ geringe, lastkraftunabhängige Kraft aufgebracht werden, die die Verknieung auflöst. Dazu ist bei der bekannten Auslöseeinrichtung eine Federeinrichtung vorgesehen, die auf den Auslösehebel (bzw. auf das drehbare Segment) einwirkt. Durch Einstellen der Federkraft kann der Grad der Verknieung bzw. Selbsthaltung eingestellt werden. Damit wird die Auslösekraft festgelegt. Beim Lösen der Verknieung bzw. beim Zurückziehen des Auslösehebels und des geraden Lenkhebels wird gleichzeitig die Auslöseklinke betätigt. Durch ihre Drehung um die zweite Gehäuseachse wird die Last dann freigegeben. Desweiteren weist die bekannte Auslöseeinrichtung eine Verrieglungseinrichtung in Form eines manuell zu betätigen Exzenterhebels auf, durch die die Auslöseeinrichtung in der ZU-Position (geschlossene Position) fixiert ist. Die Auslösung der bekannten Auslöseeinrichtung erfolgt entweder manuell durch Betätigen des Auslöserhebels oder automatisch durch kraftinduziertes Abscheren eines Auslöserstifts aus Kunststoff, der die Auslöseerinrichtung in der ZU-Position verriegelt. Dazu blockiert der Kunststoffstift eine federbelastete Gegenklinke. Beide Auslösemechanismen sind aber nicht dazu geeignet, die Auslösevorrichtung zuverlässig auch aus der Ferne und unter dem störenden Einfluss von äußeren unregelmäßigen und teilweise sehr starken Krafteinwirkungen auszulösen.The release lever (or the rotatable segment) and the steering lever together form a knee. In doing so, they are in their dead center position, so that they block each other and there is a self-retention. As a result of the knee, the force exerted by the load is diverted in the release device and no longer acts directly on the locking mechanism. For the triggering, a relatively small force independent of the load force must now be applied, which releases the knee. For this purpose, a spring device is provided in the known release device, which acts on the release lever (or on the rotatable segment). The degree of kneeling or self-holding can be set by adjusting the spring force. This determines the release force. When releasing the knee joint or when pulling back the release lever and the straight steering lever, the release pawl is actuated at the same time. The load is then released by rotating it around the second housing axis. Furthermore, the known release device has a locking device in the form of a manually operated eccentric lever, by means of which the release device is fixed in the CLOSED position (closed position). The known triggering device is triggered either manually by actuating the trigger lever or automatically by force-induced shearing off of a trigger pin made of plastic, which locks the triggering device in the CLOSED position. To do this, the plastic pin blocks a spring-loaded counter pawl. However, both trigger mechanisms are not suitable for reliably triggering the triggering device even from a distance and under the disruptive influence of external, irregular and sometimes very strong forces.
Kraftunabhängige Auslösevorrichtungen für den Unterwassereinsatz sind beispielsweise aus der
Ausgehend von dem oben erläuterten nächstliegenden Stand der Technik ist die Aufgabe für die vorliegende Erfindung darin zu sehen, die eingangs beschriebene gattungsgemäße lastkraftunabhängige Auslöseeinrichtung so weiterzubilden, dass die Auslösevorrichtung zuverlässig auch aus der Ferne und unter dem unregelmäßigen Einfluss von äußeren Krafteinwirkungen, aber ohne zusätzliche äußere Kraftaufbringung ausgelöst werden kann, wobei undefinierte Lagen des Lenkhebels im Gehäuse unbedingt zu vermeiden sind. Dabei sollen alle Vorteile einer lastkraftunabhängigen Auslöseeinrichtung erhalten bleiben. Die Lösung für diese Aufgabe ist dem Hauptanspruch zu entnehmen. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung werden in den Unteransprüchen aufgezeigt und im Folgenden im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung näher erläutert.Based on the closest prior art explained above, the task of the present invention is to further develop the generic load force-independent release device described at the beginning so that the release device can also be reliably operated from a distance and under the irregular influence of external forces, but without additional external forces Force application can be triggered, with undefined positions of the steering lever in the housing must be avoided. All the advantages of a release device that is independent of the load force should be retained. The solution to this problem can be found in the main claim. Advantageous further developments of the invention are shown in the subclaims and explained in more detail below in connection with the invention.
Erfindungsgemäß ist bei der beanspruchten lastkraftunabhängigen Auslöseeinrichtung vorgesehen, dass der Lenkhebel winklig ausgebildet ist und in der ZU-Position der Auslöseeinrichtung an einer ersten Anlagefläche im Gehäuse und in der AUF-Position der Auslöseeinrichtung an einer zweiten Anlagefläche im Gehäuse anliegt, wobei die beiden Lenkhebelachsen an der ersten Anlagefläche des Lenkhebels unmittelbar vor einer selbsthaltenden Totpunktlage zur ersten Gehäuseachse und an der zweiten Anlagefläche des Lenkhebels außerhalb der Totpunktlage positioniert sind, und dass die Federeinrichtung als Zugfeder ausgebildet ist, die zwischen dem Auslösehebel und der Auslöseklinke angeordnet ist und in der ZU-Position der Auslöseeinrichtung eine Kraft auf den Auslösehebel in Richtung auf die AUF-Position der Auslöseeinrichtung ausübt.According to the invention, it is provided in the claimed load force-independent release device that the steering lever is angular and in the CLOSED position of the release device rests on a first contact surface in the housing and in the OPEN position of the release device on a second contact surface in the housing, with the two steering lever axes on the first contact surface of the steering lever are positioned immediately before a self-holding dead center position to the first housing axis and on the second contact surface of the steering lever outside the dead center position, and that the spring device is designed as a tension spring which is arranged between the release lever and the release pawl and in the CLOSED position the release device exerts a force on the release lever in the direction of the OPEN position of the release device.
Bei der mit der Erfindung beanspruchten Auslöseeinrichtung ist der Lenkhebel winklig ausgebildet und wird zwischen zwei Anlageflächen geführt, wobei der Lenkhebel in der ZU-Position an der ersten Anlagefläche und in der AUF-Position an der zweiten Anlagefläche anliegt. Der Lenkhebel, der keine feste Achse im Gehäuse belegt, sondern nur gelenkig mit dem Auslösehebel und der Auslöserklinke verbunden ist, nimmt somit nur fest definierte Positionen in der Auslöseeinrichtung ein. Dadurch wird die Zuverlässigkeit der Auslösung erhöht. Die definierte Lage wird noch durch die Winkligkeit des Lenkhebels unterstützt, der zumindest in der ZU-Position vorteilhaft an einer entsprechend winkligen Anlagefläche anliegt. Vertikale Verschiebungen werden sicher vermieden. Desweiteren ist die Winkligkeit des Lenkhebels von Vorteil, um die beiden Lenkhebelachsen auf dem Lenkhebel in der ZU-Position der Auslöseeinrichtung mit der ersten Gehäuseachse in eine Position unmittelbar vor ihrer Totpunktlage zu bringen. Durch die Winkligkeit können die beiden Lenkhebelachsen ober- und unterhalb der ersten Gehäuseachse positioniert werden. Dabei wird der Lenkhebel bewusst ganz kurz vor die Totpunktlage gebracht, sodass er immer das Bestreben hat, aus dieser Lage in Richtung auf die AUF-Position herauszukommen. Trotzdem wird durch die Positionierung des Lenkhebels in Bezug auf das Gehäuse in annähernd Totpunktlage erreicht, dass angreifenden Lastkräfte nicht auf den Lenkhebel einwirken und diesen ggfs. blockieren, sondern um diesen herum in das Gehäuse eingeleitet werden. Die Auslösebewegung des Lenkhebels wird noch unterstützt durch die vorgesehene Zugfeder zwischen Auslösehebel und Auslöseklinke, die etwas schräg angeordnet ist. Dabei wird das vorzeitige oder unbeabsichtigte Auslösen aber verhindert durch die Verriegelungseinrichtung, durch die die Auslöseeinrichtung in der ZU-Position zuverlässig fixiert ist. Wenn die Verriegelungseinrichtung zum Öffnen dann entriegelt wird, öffnet die Auslöseeinrichtung sofort selbsttätig und ohne weiteren Krafteintrag von außen, da die in der Zugfeder gespeicherte Energie den Lenkhebel, der sich kurz vor der Totpunktlage befindet und die Tendenz des Umklappens hat, beschleunigt umklappt. Durch die Tendenz des Lenkhebels, selbststätig öffnen zu wollen, in Verbindung mit der Zugfeder können gegebenenfalls auftretende Behinderungen der Auslöseeinrichtung, wie Rost, Schmutz, Anlagerungen (insbesondere bei Unterwassereinsätzen) und Reibung, sicher überwunden werden. Durch diese Maßnahmen wird mit der erfindungsgemäßen Auslöseeinrichtung daher ein einfacher, aber besonders zuverlässiger Iastkraftunabhängiger Auslöser zur Verfügung gestellt, der auch schwere Lasten unter widrigen Umgebungsbedingungen sicher auslöst und nicht in undefinierten Stellungen blockiert.In the case of the release device claimed by the invention, the steering lever is angled and is guided between two contact surfaces, the steering lever in the CLOSED position being in contact with the first contact surface and in the OPEN position in contact with the second contact surface. The steering lever, which does not occupy a fixed axis in the housing, but only articulated with the release lever and the release pawl is connected, thus occupies only firmly defined positions in the release device. This increases the reliability of the trip. The defined position is also supported by the angularity of the steering lever, which at least in the CLOSED position advantageously rests on a correspondingly angled contact surface. Vertical shifts are reliably avoided. Furthermore, the angularity of the steering lever is advantageous in order to bring the two steering lever axes on the steering lever in the CLOSED position of the release device with the first housing axis into a position immediately before their dead center position. Due to the angularity, the two steering lever axes can be positioned above and below the first housing axis. The steering lever is deliberately brought very close to the dead center position so that it always tries to get out of this position in the direction of the OPEN position. Nevertheless, by positioning the steering lever in relation to the housing in an approximately dead-center position, the load forces acting on it do not act on the steering lever and block it, if necessary, but are introduced around it into the housing. The release movement of the steering lever is supported by the tension spring provided between the release lever and the release pawl, which is arranged at a slight angle. In this case, however, the premature or unintentional triggering is prevented by the locking device, by means of which the triggering device is reliably fixed in the CLOSED position. If the locking device is then unlocked for opening, the release device opens automatically and without any further external force input, since the energy stored in the tension spring folds over the steering lever, which is just before dead center and has a tendency to fold over, at an accelerated rate. Due to the tendency of the steering lever to want to open automatically, in connection with the tension spring, any obstructions of the release device, such as rust, dirt, deposits (especially in underwater use) and friction, can be safely overcome. With these measures, the release device according to the invention provides a simple but particularly reliable release that is independent of the load force and that reliably releases even heavy loads under adverse environmental conditions and does not block in undefined positions.
Die Zuverlässigkeit der Auslösung durch die definierte Position des Lenkhebels wird bei der Erfindung noch weiter verbessert, wenn bevorzugt und vorteilhaft die beiden Anlageflächen für den Lenkhebel von einer geschlossenen Kontur im Gehäuse gebildet sind. Dadurch erhalten auch die Anlageflächen eine genau definierte Position und Stabilität. Desweiteren kann eine derartige Kontur in einer Gehäusewandung durch Ausfräsen relativ einfach hergestellt werden. Für eine einfache Befestigung der Zugfeder am Auslösehebel ist es weiterhin bevorzugt und vorteilhaft, wenn der Auslösehebel A-förmig (trapezförmig) ausgebildet ist. Die Zugfeder kann dann an der bevorzugt abgeflachten Spitze des Auslösehebels befestigt werden, ohne den Auslösehebel zu verbiegen. Die Verrieglungseinrichtung kann dann unmittelbar daneben an den Auslösehebel angreifen.The reliability of the triggering by the defined position of the steering lever is further improved in the invention if the two contact surfaces for the steering lever are preferably and advantageously formed by a closed contour in the housing. This also gives the contact surfaces a precisely defined position and stability. Furthermore, such a contour can be produced relatively easily in a housing wall by milling. For a simple fastening of the tension spring on the release lever, it is furthermore preferred and advantageous if the release lever is A-shaped (trapezoidal). The tension spring can then be attached to the preferably flattened tip of the release lever without bending the release lever. The locking device can then act on the release lever immediately next to it.
Die Auslöseklinke kann in ihrem unteren Bereich einen Haken aufweisen, in den beispielsweise ein Seil für die Last eingehängt werden kann. Die Sicherung des Seils auf dem Haken kann beispielsweise über das Gehäuse als Gegenlager erfolgen. Vorteilhaft und bevorzugt ist es aber bei der Erfindung, wenn eine Gegenklinke vorgesehen ist, die an einer dritten Gehäuseachse drehbar gelagert ist und in der ZU-Position der Auslöseeinrichtung mit der Auslöseklinke und dem Gehäuse eine geschlossene Öse bildet, in der die Last halterbar ist. Die eingehängte Last muss dann nicht von einem Haken abrutschen. Vielmehr wird die Haltefläche beim Öffnen vollständig aufgelöst, sodass die Freigabe der Last sicher gewährleistet ist. Diese ist insbesondere dann von großem Vorteil, wenn es sich um eine schwere Last handelt, bei der das Seil schon durch die erzeugte Haftreibung lange an einem sich öffnenden Haken hängenbleiben würde. Für die mit der Erfindung beanspruchte Auslöseeinrichtung kann bevorzugt und vorteilhaft eine Schwerlastausführung mit einer Belastbarkeit bis 3 t vorgesehen sein. Weiterhin ist es bevorzugt und vorteilhaft, wenn bei einer öffenbaren Konstruktion aus Auslöseklinke und Gegenklinke mit dem Gehäuse als Gegenlager das Gehäuse eine Aufnahme für ein Lastseil aufweist. Bevorzugt und vorteilhaft ist es daher, wenn das Gehäuse ein einseitige offenes Langloch zu Bildung der Öse aufweist. Das Seil kann dann in dieses Langloch eingelegt werden und wird dort ohne großes seitliches Spiel sicher geführt. Damit die Gegenklinke eine definierte Position in der ZU-Position der Auslöseeinrichtung einnehmen kann, ist es bevorzugt und vorteilhaft, wenn die Gegenklinke eine Nase aufweist, die in der ZU-Position der Auslöseeinrichtung an einem Endanschlag im Gehäuse gelagert ist. Desweiteren können bevorzugt und vorteilhaft die Auslöseklinke und die Gegenklinke Absätze aufweisen, die in der ZU-Position der Auslöseeinrichtung aneinandergelagert sind. Alle diese genannten Maßnahmen dienen einer zuverlässigen Sicherung des Lastseils in der ZU-Position der Auslöseeinrichtung.The release pawl can have a hook in its lower area, into which, for example, a rope for the load can be hung. The rope can be secured on the hook, for example, via the housing as a counter bearing. However, it is advantageous and preferred in the invention if a counter pawl is provided which is rotatably mounted on a third housing axis and forms a closed eye with the release pawl and the housing in the CLOSED position of the release pawl and the housing in which the load can be held. The suspended load then does not have to slip off a hook. Rather, the holding surface is completely dissolved when opening, so that the release of the load is reliably guaranteed. This is particularly of great advantage when it comes to a heavy load in which the rope would stick to an opening hook for a long time due to the static friction generated. For the release device claimed with the invention, a heavy-duty version with a load capacity of up to 3 t can preferably and advantageously be provided. Furthermore, it is preferred and advantageous if, in the case of an openable construction comprising a release pawl and counter pawl with the housing as the counter bearing, the housing has a receptacle for a load rope. It is therefore preferred and advantageous if the housing has an elongated hole open on one side to form the eyelet. The rope can then be inserted into this elongated hole and is there without a large lateral play safely guided. So that the mating pawl can assume a defined position in the CLOSED position of the release device, it is preferred and advantageous if the mating pawl has a nose which is mounted on an end stop in the housing in the CLOSED position of the release device. Furthermore, the release pawl and the counter pawl can preferably and advantageously have shoulders which are attached to one another in the CLOSED position of the release device. All of these measures are used to reliably secure the load rope in the CLOSED position of the release device.
Bei der mit der Erfindung beanspruchten lastkraftunabhängigen Auslöseeinrichtung wird die ZU-Position ausschließlich durch Einwirken der Verriegelungseinrichtung gehalten. Dieser kommt damit eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Bevorzugt und vorteilhaft ist es deshalb bei der Erfindung, wenn die Verrieglungseinrichtung einen elektromagnetischen Auslöser mit einem axial verschiebbaren Auslöserstift umfasst, durch den der Auslösehebel in der ZU-Position der Auslöseeinrichtung im Gehäuse fixiert ist, wobei der axial verschiebbare Auslöserstift orthogonal zum Auslösehebel angeordnet ist. Bei einem elektromagnetischen Auslöser (Solenoid Aktuator) handelt es sich um ein kommerzielles Standardbauelement. Der Auslöserstift wird vom Anker des Elektromagneten in der ZU-Position gehalten und dort durch eine Feder verriegelt. Der Auslöserstift greift durch ein Loch in den Auslösehebel ein. Beim Auslösen wird der Elektromagnet elektrisch betätigt und bewirkt ein Zurückziehen des Auslöserstifts in das Innere des Auslösers, sodass der Auslösehebel freigegeben wird. Unter der angreifenden Federkraft der Zugfeder (speziell in der Ausbildung einer Spiralfeder, also Spiralzugfeder) wird der Auslösehebel nach unten gezogen und nimmt den Lenkhebel mit. Bevorzugt und vorteilhaft ist der elektromagnetische Auslöser bzw. der axial verschiebbare Auslöserstift orthogonal zum Auslösehebel angeordnet. Dadurch wird vermieden, dass zufällige äußere Krafteinwirkungen auf die Auslöseeinrichtung den Auslöser unbeabsichtigt betätigen können. Unbeabsichtigte Kräfte in Richtung des axial verschiebbaren Auslöserstifts können trotzdem auftreten, weil der Auslöserstift recht leicht ist und von einer kleinen Feder in Position gehalten wird. Der Auslöserstift wird zuverlässig und bewusst nur durch Betätigen des Elektromagnets axial verschoben, wobei die Auslösekraft dann größer ist als die rückhaltende Federkraft. Um insbesondere bei Transportvorgängen, bei denen ein Auslösen auf jeden Fall zu vermeiden ist, noch eine gesteigerte Sicherheit zu erreichen, ist es bei der Erfindung bevorzugt und vorteilhaft, wenn die Verrieglungseinrichtung eine Zusatzsicherung umfasst, durch die der Auslösehebel in der ZU-Position der Auslöseeinrichtung im Gehäuse fixiert ist. dabei kann die Zusatzsicherung bevorzugt und vorteilhaft als Federstecker ausgebildet sein. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Transportsicherung, die manuell zu entfernen ist. Eine Fernauslösung ist nicht vorgesehen.In the case of the load-independent release device claimed by the invention, the CLOSED position is held exclusively by the action of the locking device. This is of particular importance. It is therefore preferred and advantageous in the invention if the locking device comprises an electromagnetic trigger with an axially displaceable trigger pin, by means of which the trigger lever is fixed in the closed position of the triggering device in the housing, the axially displaceable trigger pin being arranged orthogonally to the trigger lever. An electromagnetic trigger (solenoid actuator) is a standard commercial component. The trigger pin is held in the CLOSED position by the armature of the electromagnet and locked there by a spring. The trigger pin engages the trigger lever through a hole. When triggered, the electromagnet is actuated electrically and causes the trigger pin to be withdrawn into the interior of the trigger, so that the trigger lever is released. Under the acting spring force of the tension spring (especially in the form of a spiral spring, i.e. spiral tension spring) the release lever is pulled down and takes the steering lever with it. The electromagnetic release or the axially displaceable release pin is preferably and advantageously arranged orthogonally to the release lever. This prevents accidental external forces acting on the release device from inadvertently actuating the release. Unintentional forces in the direction of the axially displaceable trigger pin can still occur because the trigger pin is quite light and is held in position by a small spring. The trigger pin is moved axially reliably and deliberately only by actuating the electromagnet, the release force then being greater than the retaining spring force. In order to achieve increased safety, especially in transport processes in which triggering is to be avoided in any case, it is preferred and advantageous in the invention if the locking device comprises an additional safety device through which the release lever is in the CLOSED position of the release device is fixed in the housing. The additional fuse can preferably and advantageously be designed as a spring pin. This is a transport lock that must be removed manually. Remote triggering is not provided.
Als weitere bevorzugte und vorteilhafte Modifikationen kann bei der Auslöseeinrichtung nach der Erfindung desweiteren vorgesehen sein, dass am Auslösehebel eine Grifflasche zur manuellen Positionierung des Auslösehebels in der AUF-Position der Auslöseeinrichtung angeordnet ist. Dadurch wird die manuelle Handhabbarkeit der Auslöseeinrichtung verbessert. Es werden keine Werkzeuge benötigt, um das System in die ZU-Position zu überführen. Desweiteren ist es für die einfache Handhabung der kraftunabhängigen Auslöseeinrichtung nach der Erfindung bevorzugt und vorteilhaft, wenn am oberen Ende eine Aufhängung angeordnet ist. Hierbei kann es sich beispielsweise um eine Stange, die mit einem Portal verbunden ist, oder um einen Schäkel, der mit einem Seil verbunden ist, handeln.As further preferred and advantageous modifications of the release device according to the invention, a tab for manual positioning of the release lever in the OPEN position of the release device can be arranged on the release lever. This improves the manual handling of the release device. No tools are required to move the system into the CLOSED position. Furthermore, for easy handling of the force-independent release device according to the invention, it is preferred and advantageous if a suspension is arranged at the upper end. This can be, for example, a rod that is connected to a portal or a shackle that is connected to a rope.
Bereits eingangs wurde erwähnt, dass die mit der Erfindung beanspruchte Auslöseeinrichtung in besonderer Weise resistent gegen zufällige Laststöße von außen ist. Solche Einwirkungen können auftreten, wenn die Auslösevorrichtung im Unterwasserbereich eingesetzt wird. Hier kann sie starkem Wellengang oder Strömungen oder Schiffsbewegungen ausgesetzt sein. Die beanspruchte Auslöseeinrichtung kann insbesondere auf einem Forschungsschiff eingesetzt werden und dort dem Ausbringen einer Messapparatur dienen. Es können auch selbstständig fahrende Unterwasserwasserfahrzeuge (Lander) mit einem Gewicht von über 2 t ausgebracht werden. Dabei ist zwingend sicherzustellen, dass keine Auslösung oberhalb des Wasserspiegels stattfindet, um eine Beschädigung der Messapparatur beim Aufprall auf die Wasseroberfläche zu verhindern. Die Freigabe darf erst im Wasserkörper (die Messapparatur sinkt dann weiter ab) oder erst nach dem Aufsetzen der Messapparatur auf dem Gewässerboden erfolgen. Insbesondere bei Hochseeeinsätzen ist es daher bevorzugt und vorteilhaft, wenn für die lastkraftunabhängige Auslöseeinrichtung eine seewasserfeste Materialausführung vorgesehen ist. Hierbei werden insbesondere rostfreie Stähle und Kunststoffe eingesetzt.It was already mentioned at the beginning that the release device claimed with the invention is particularly resistant to accidental load surges from the outside. Such effects can occur if the release device is used in the underwater area. Here it can be exposed to strong waves or currents or ship movements. The claimed release device can in particular be used on a research ship and serve to deploy a measuring apparatus there. Autonomous underwater vehicles (lander) with a weight of over 2 t can also be deployed. It is imperative to ensure that there is no triggering takes place above the water level in order to prevent damage to the measuring apparatus when it hits the water surface. The release may only take place in the water body (the measuring apparatus then sinks further) or only after the measuring apparatus has been placed on the bottom of the water. It is therefore preferred and advantageous, particularly in the case of operations at sea, if a seawater-proof material design is provided for the release device which is independent of the load force. In particular, stainless steels and plastics are used here.
Derartige Unterwassereinsätze können dazu führen, dass die Auslöseeinrichtung mehrere hundert oder tausend Meter tief im Wasser abgesenkt wird. In derartigen Tiefen ist deshalb die Zunahme des hydrostatischen Drucks zu berücksichtigen. Insbesondere Bauelemente mit Lufträumen sind zu schützen. Bei der Erfindung betrifft es die Verriegelungseinrichtung. Der elektromagnetische Auslöser ist zu schützen. Dazu kann er zum einen in ein druckfestes Gehäuse intergiert werden. Bevorzugt und vorteilhaft ist es aber, den elektromagnetischen Auslöser druckneutral auszubilden. Dazu wird dieser in einen transparenten, mit zwei Deckeln verschließbaren Kunststoffzylinder eingefüllt und vollständig mit einer Druckflüssigkeit, zumeist Drucköl, ausgefüllt. Zur Volumenkompensation wird ein mit dem Umgebungsdruck (also auch mit dem Umgebungsmedium Wasser) in Verbindung stehendes flexibles Druckausgleichselement in den Kunststoffzylinder eingefügt. Hierbei kann es sich bevorzugt und vorteilhaft um einen druckfesten Schlauchbeutel aus PVC handeln, wie er im medizinischen Sektor zur Flüssigkeitssammlung benutzt wird. Der Schlauchbeutel verfügt über einen integrierten Zuleitungsschlauch, über den das Seewasser in sein Inneres eindringen kann, und ist einfach an jedes beliebige Volumen anpassbar. Weitere Details zur Nutzung derartiger Beutel und ihre Vorteile sind den älteren deutschen Anmeldungen
Nachfolgend werden die lastkraftunabhängige Auslöseeinrichtung nach der Erfindung und ihre vorteilhaften Modifikationen anhand der schematischen Figuren zum besseren Verständnis der Erfindung noch weitergehend erläutert. Dabei zeigt die
- Fig. 1
- die Auslöseeinrichtung in der ZU-Position,
- Fig. 2
- die Auslöseeinrichtung in der AUF-Position und
- Fig. 3
- die Auslöseeinrichtung von hinten mit der Verriegelungseinrichtung.
- Fig. 1
- the release device in the CLOSED position,
- Fig. 2
- the release device in the OPEN position and
- Fig. 3
- the triggering device from behind with the locking device.
In der
Die Auslöseeinrichtung 01 umfasst ein Gehäuse 02, das im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel aus zwei strukturierten Stahlblechen 03, 04 (vergleiche
Auslösehebel 05 und Auslöseklinke 08 sind über einen Lenkhebel 10 gelenkig miteinander verbunden. Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel besteht das Gehäuse 02 im Wesentlichen aus den beiden parallel zueinander angeordneten Stahlblechen 03, 04. Der Auslösehebel 05 und die Auslöseklinke 08 arbeiten zwischen den beiden Stahlblechen 03, 04. Damit keine Behinderung mit dem Lenkhebel 10 auftritt, besteht dieser aus zwei parallelen Teilen, von denen der eine Teil in dem Stahlblech 03 und der andere Teil in dem Stahlblech 04 in der Kontur 21 (vergleiche weiter unten) geführt ist. Wenn im Folgenden vom "Lenkhebel 10" gesprochen wird, handelt es sich dabei um den gezeigten Lenkhebel 10 aus zwei Teilen. Eine einteilige Ausführung ist aber ebenfalls ohne weiteres möglich.
Der Lenkhebel 10 ist über eine ortsveränderliche erste Lenkhebelachse 11 mit dem Auslösehebel 05 und über eine ortsveränderliche zweite Lenkhebelachse 12 mit der Auslöseklinke 08 drehbar verbunden. In der ZU-Position sind die beiden Lenkhebelachsen 11, 12 und die erste Gehäuseachse 06 unmittelbar vor ihrer Totpunktlage 41 zueinander angeordnet (gestrichelte Linie in
Der Lenkhebel 10 ist winklig ausgebildet. Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist er in seiner Mitte unter einem stumpfen Winkel von ca. 120° abgeknickt. In der ZU-Position liegt er an einer ersten Anlagefläche 19 im Gehäuse 02 an. Seine Position ist damit genau definiert. Dabei ist die erste Anlagefläche 19 ebenfalls stumpfwinklig ausgebildet. In der AUF-Position ist der Lenkhebel 10 hingegen an einer zweiten Anlagefläche 20 im Gehäuse 02 gelagert (vergleiche
In der
Weiterhin ist in der
In der
Für den Unterwassereinsatz ist es von großem Vorteil, wenn die Verriegelungseinrichtung 17 druckneutral ausgebildet ist. dazu ist im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel der elektromagnetische Auslöser 30 in einem transparenten Kunststoffzylinder 31 (Polycarbonat) angeordnet, der von zwei Deckeln 32 druckdicht verschlossen ist. Kunststoffzylinder 31 und Auslöser (soweit er Öffnungen hat) sind von einem Drucköl (beispielsweise Weißöl oder Silikon) ausgefüllt. Durch die Transparenz des Kunststoffzylinders 31 ist dieser in seinem Inneren leichter überprüfbar. Im Kunststoffzylinder 31 ist weiterhin ein Druckausgleichselement 33 anordnet, das in seinem Volumen druckabhängig veränderbar ist. Hierbei handelt es sich im gewählten Ausführungsbeispiel um einen einfachen Schlauchbeutel 34 (PVC), wie er aus dem medizinischen Sektor (Infusionsbeutel, Urinbeutel, Sekretbeutel) bekannt ist. Über einen integrierten Zuleitungsschlauch 35 ist das Innere des Schlauchbeutels 34 mit der Umgebung, also beim Unterwassereinsatz mit Wasser aus der hydrostatischen Drucksäule gefüllt, sodass ein Druckausgleich zwischen Innen und Außen stattfindet und Druckneutralität herrscht. Dabei ragt der Anker des Auslösers 30 nach hinten aus dem Deckel 32 heraus, damit das Druckölvolumen bei Betätigung konstant bleibt und um den Auslöser 30 ggfs. von Hand vorspannen (Anker einschieben) oder auf korrekte Verriegelung (kein Anker steht vor) prüfen zu können. Weiterhin ist in der
Ein weiterer Teil der Verriegelungseinrichtung ist in der
In der
Desweiteren ist in der
Insgesamt wird mit der Auslöseeinrichtung 01 nach der Erfindung eine einfache, aber besonders zuverlässige und einfach zu bedienende Einrichtung zur Verfügung gestellt, mit der auch unter besonders schwierigen Umgebungsbedingungen, insbesondere auch im Unterwasserbereich, sehr große Lasten bis 3 t zuverlässig gehalten und zuverlässig freigegebenen werden können.Overall, the
- 0101
- lastkraftunabhängige AuslöseeinrichtungRelease device independent of load force
- 0202
- Gehäusecasing
- 0303
- erstes Stahlblech von 02first sheet steel from 02
- 0404
- zweites Stahlblech von 02second sheet steel from 02
- 0505
- AuslösehebelRelease lever
- 0606
- erste Gehäuseachse (ortsfest)first housing axis (stationary)
- 0707
- Oberkante von 05Top of 05
- 0808
- AuslöseklinkeRelease latch
- 0909
- zweite Gehäuseachse (ortsfest)second housing axis (stationary)
- 1010
- LenkhebelSteering lever
- 1111
- erste Lenkhebelachse (ortsveränderlich)first steering lever axis (movable)
- 1212th
- zweite Lenkhebelachse (ortsveränderlich)second steering lever axis (movable)
- 1313th
- FedereinrichtungSpring device
- 1414th
- Zugfeder als 13Tension spring as 13
- 1515th
- oberer Abschlagpunkt von 14upper tee of 14
- 1616
- untere Abschlagpunkt von 14lower tee of 14
- 1717th
- VerriegelungseinrichtungLocking device
- 1818th
- AuslöserstiftTrigger pin
- 1919th
- erste Anlagefläche für 10 in 02first contact surface for 10 in 02
- 2020th
- zweite Anlagefläche für 10 in 02second contact surface for 10 in 02
- 2121
- Kontur mit 19, 20Contour with 19, 20
- 2222nd
- GegenklinkeCounter pawl
- 2323
- dritte Gehäuseachse (ortsfest)third housing axis (stationary)
- 2424
- Öseeyelet
- 2525th
- Langloch in 02Slot in 02
- 2626th
- Nase an 22Nose on 22
- 2727
- Endanschlag für 22End stop for 22
- 2828
- Welle als 27Wave as 27
- 2929
- Absatz an 08, 22Paragraph on 08, 22
- 3030th
- Auslöser für 18Trigger for 18
- 3131
- Kunststoffzylinder für 30Plastic cylinder for 30
- 3232
- Deckel von 31Cover from 31
- 3333
- DruckausgleichselementPressure compensation element
- 3434
- Schlauchbeutel als 33Tubular bag as 33
- 3535
- Zuleitungsschlauch an 34Supply hose to 34
- 3636
- elektrische Zuleitung für 30electrical supply for 30
- 3737
- ZusatzsicherungAdditional security
- 3838
- Federstecker als 37Cotter pin as 37
- 3939
- GrifflascheGrip tab
- 4040
- Aufhängungsuspension
- 4141
- TotpunktlageDead center position
Claims (15)
- Load-force-independent triggering device (01) for a load exerting force thereon, which is held in a CLOSED position of the triggering device (01) and is released in an OPEN position of the triggering device (01), having a housing (02) and a release lever (05), which is connected to a release pawl (08) via a steering lever (10), wherein the release lever (05) is rotatably mounted on a first housing axis (06), the release pawl (08) is rotatably mounted on a second housing axis (09) and the steering lever (10) is rotatably mounted on a first steering lever axis (11) on the release lever (05) and on a second steering lever axis (12) on the release pawl (08), as well as having a spring device (13), acting at least on the release lever (05), and a locking device (17) by means of which the triggering device (01) is fixed in the CLOSED position, characterized in that the steering lever (10) is angular and abuts a first contact surface (19) in the housing (02) in the CLOSED position of the triggering device (01) and abuts a second contact surface (20) in the housing (02) in the OPEN position of the triggering device (01), wherein the two steering lever axes (11, 12) are positioned on the first contact surface (19) of the steering lever (10) directly in front of a self-maintaining dead-centre position (41) relative to the first housing axis (06) and on the second contact surface (20) of the steering lever outside of the dead-centre position (41), and in that the spring device (13) is designed as a tension spring (14), which is arranged between the release lever (05) and the release pawl (08) and in the CLOSED position of the triggering device (01) exerts a force on the release lever (05) in the direction of the OPEN position of the triggering device (01).
- Load-force-independent triggering device (01) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the two contact surfaces (19, 20) for the steering lever (10) are formed by a closed contour (21) in the housing (02).
- Load-force-independent triggering device (01) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the release lever (05) is designed to be A-shaped.
- Load-force-independent triggering device (01) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a counter pawl (22) is provided, which is rotatably mounted on a third housing axis (23) and in the CLOSED position of the triggering device (01) forms a closed eye (24) with the release pawl (08) and the housing (02), in which eye (24) the load can be held.
- Load-force-independent triggering device (01) according to Claim 4, characterized in that the housing (02) has an elongated hole (25) open on one side to form the eye (24) .
- Load-force-independent triggering device (01) according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the counter pawl (22) has a lug (26), which is mounted on an end stop (27) in the housing (02) in the CLOSED position of the triggering device (01).
- Load-force-independent triggering device (01) according to one of Claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the release pawl (08) and the counter pawl (22) have shoulders (29) which are supported against one another in the CLOSED position of the triggering device (01).
- Load-force-independent triggering device (01) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking device (17) comprises an electromagnetic release (30) with an axially displaceable release pin (18) by means of which the release lever (05) is fixed in the housing (02) in the CLOSED position of the triggering device (01), wherein the axially displaceable release pin (18) is arranged orthogonally relative to the release lever (05).
- Load-force-independent triggering device (01) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking device (17) comprises an additional safety device (37) by means of which the release lever (08) is fixed in the housing (02) in the CLOSED position of the triggering device (01).
- Load-force-independent triggering device (01) according to Claim 9, characterized in that the additional safety device (37) is designed as a spring cotter pin (38).
- Load-force-independent triggering device (01) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the release lever (05) there is a grip tab (39) arranged for manually positioning the release lever (05) in the OPEN position of the triggering device (01).
- Load-force-independent triggering device (01) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a suspension (40) is arranged at the upper end.
- Load-force-independent triggering device (01) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sea-water resistant material design is provided for underwater use.
- Load-force-independent triggering device (01) according to Claim 8 and 13, characterized in that the electromagnetic release (30) is designed to be pressure-neutral.
- Load-force-independent triggering device (01) according to Claim 14, characterized in that the pressure-neutral electromagnetic release (30) has a pressure-resistant tubular bag (34) as a pressure compensation element (33) .
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017130067.8A DE102017130067B4 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2017-12-15 | Tripping device independent of load force |
PCT/DE2018/101001 WO2019114876A1 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2018-12-07 | Load-force-independent triggering device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3724121A1 EP3724121A1 (en) | 2020-10-21 |
EP3724121B1 true EP3724121B1 (en) | 2021-04-14 |
Family
ID=65234336
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18839804.4A Active EP3724121B1 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2018-12-07 | Load-force-independent triggering device |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11027947B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3724121B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN111727165B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102017130067B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2876172T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019114876A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110722291B (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2021-05-18 | 安徽巨一科技股份有限公司 | Safe anti-disengaging structure |
CH717076A2 (en) * | 2020-01-28 | 2021-07-30 | Marenco Ag | Load hook for helicopters and cranes. |
CN115893184B (en) * | 2023-03-10 | 2023-05-09 | 济宁四通工程机械有限公司 | Hanging device |
Family Cites Families (19)
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DD91541A (en) * | ||||
US2736599A (en) * | 1952-03-08 | 1956-02-28 | Duff Norton Co | Drop hook |
GB839629A (en) * | 1955-05-06 | 1960-06-29 | Eastern Rotorcraft Corp | Improvements relating to sling release hooks |
US2937541A (en) * | 1956-01-17 | 1960-05-24 | Charles B Barlow | Fail-safe up lock mechanism |
GB989871A (en) * | 1961-03-07 | 1965-04-22 | Dunlop Rubber Co | Automatic release hook assembly |
DE1297998B (en) * | 1967-02-27 | 1969-06-19 | Tost Richard | Tow coupling for aircraft |
US3504407A (en) * | 1967-09-29 | 1970-04-07 | Bendix Corp | Underwater release mechanism |
US3578373A (en) * | 1969-02-19 | 1971-05-11 | Norco Inc | Power or manually released cargo latch |
US3630562A (en) * | 1969-12-24 | 1971-12-28 | Joseph R Metz | Power or manually released cargo latch |
US4609219A (en) * | 1984-03-20 | 1986-09-02 | Yugen Kaisha Go Chuio Tekkosho | Suspension grapple |
JPS61295993A (en) * | 1985-06-25 | 1986-12-26 | 三木ネツレン株式会社 | Hanging hacker |
TW517792U (en) * | 2001-05-04 | 2003-01-11 | Chung Shan Inst Of Science | Fast detaching hook |
DE102010010161B4 (en) * | 2010-03-03 | 2012-04-12 | Evologics Gmbh | Tripping device for a load on a device and underwater device |
US8746766B2 (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2014-06-10 | Randy Lewkoski | Hook assembly |
GB2513646B (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2017-08-30 | Drallim Ltd | Cargo hook |
US8998280B1 (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2015-04-07 | John H. McMillan | Toggle cam release mechanism |
CN106829731B (en) | 2015-12-04 | 2018-05-25 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | A kind of automatic decoupling device |
DE102017119158B3 (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2018-10-31 | Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung | Pressure-neutral electric motor for use in the deep sea |
DE102017119115B4 (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2019-11-21 | Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung | Pressure-neutral battery for use in the deep sea |
-
2017
- 2017-12-15 DE DE102017130067.8A patent/DE102017130067B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-12-07 ES ES18839804T patent/ES2876172T3/en active Active
- 2018-12-07 WO PCT/DE2018/101001 patent/WO2019114876A1/en unknown
- 2018-12-07 EP EP18839804.4A patent/EP3724121B1/en active Active
- 2018-12-07 CN CN201880071096.7A patent/CN111727165B/en active Active
- 2018-12-07 US US16/767,661 patent/US11027947B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3724121A1 (en) | 2020-10-21 |
DE102017130067A1 (en) | 2019-06-19 |
WO2019114876A1 (en) | 2019-06-20 |
ES2876172T3 (en) | 2021-11-12 |
US11027947B2 (en) | 2021-06-08 |
DE102017130067B4 (en) | 2020-04-16 |
US20200377343A1 (en) | 2020-12-03 |
CN111727165B (en) | 2022-05-13 |
CN111727165A (en) | 2020-09-29 |
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