EP3721093A1 - Pompe comprenant un systeme d'equilibrage axial - Google Patents
Pompe comprenant un systeme d'equilibrage axialInfo
- Publication number
- EP3721093A1 EP3721093A1 EP18836829.4A EP18836829A EP3721093A1 EP 3721093 A1 EP3721093 A1 EP 3721093A1 EP 18836829 A EP18836829 A EP 18836829A EP 3721093 A1 EP3721093 A1 EP 3721093A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- balancing
- pump
- centrifugal wheel
- axial
- centrifugal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
- F04D29/041—Axial thrust balancing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
- F04D29/041—Axial thrust balancing
- F04D29/0416—Axial thrust balancing balancing pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/051—Axial thrust balancing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/051—Axial thrust balancing
- F04D29/0516—Axial thrust balancing balancing pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/18—Rotors
- F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/2261—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures
- F04D29/2266—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures for sealing or thrust balance
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/284—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of axial balancing pumps or compressors, such as for example pumps for drawing liquefied gas for aerospace turbomachine.
- the pumps, or compressors, of the prior art comprise an axial balancing system for compensating all or part of the forces exerted on certain parts of the pump, when it is in operation.
- the axial balancing system is generally defined by a restrictive passage of fluid flow, provided between the housing and the rotor, for example a centrifugal wheel, of the pump. It is important to precisely calibrate the flow rate of the fluid in the restricting flow passage so as to optimize axial balancing of the pump.
- the present disclosure relates to a pump or a compressor for the flow of a fluid, comprising:
- a centrifugal wheel configured to be rotated with respect to the housing around a main axis defining an axial direction
- a restrictive passage of fluid flow provided between the casing and the centrifugal wheel defining an axial balancing system, the casing comprising a first balancing portion and the centrifugal wheel comprising a second balancing portion, the first and second balancing portions; balancing portions defining the inlet of the flow restrictive passage,
- the second balancing portion of the centrifugal wheel being configured to move from a rest position, in which the first and second balancing portions are at a distance, to an operating position in which the first and second balancing portions overlap in the axial direction under the effect of the force exerted on the rotating centrifugal wheel.
- Main axis is the axis of rotation of the centrifugal wheel.
- the axial direction corresponds to the direction of main axis and a radial direction is a direction perpendicular to this main axis and intersecting this main axis.
- an axial plane is a plane containing the main axis and a radial plane is a plane perpendicular to this main axis.
- a circumference is understood as a circle belonging to a radial plane and whose center belongs to the main axis.
- a tangential or circumferential direction is a direction tangent to a circumference; it is perpendicular to the main axis but does not go through the main axis.
- the adjectives inside and outside are used with reference to a radial direction so that the inner part of an element is, in a radial direction, closer to the axis of the diffuser than the outer portion of the same element.
- the adjectives front and rear are used with reference to the axial direction, it being understood that the inlet of the centrifugal wheel is located on the front side of the centrifugal wheel, while its outlet is located on the rear side, in the normal direction of fluid flow through the centrifugal wheel.
- pump means pumps, compressors or similar devices.
- the second balancing portion is displaced by the centrifugal force exerted on the centrifugal wheel when the latter is rotated.
- operating position the position occupied by the second balancing portion when the centrifugal wheel is rotated, for example, at its nominal rotational speed.
- the overall displacement of the second balancing portion may be the result of radial displacement and axial movement, in particular.
- the aerospace turbomachine is a cryotechnical turbine engine, that is to say, configured to compress a fluid, for example, at a temperature less than or equal to 120 K (Kelvin).
- the turbomachine is configured to compress the fluid at a temperature of less than or equal to 20 K.
- the turbomachine is configured to compress the fluid at a temperature of less than or equal to 90 K.
- the turbomachine is configured to compress the fluid to a temperature less than or equal to 110 K.
- the pump or compressor comprises a shaft configured to drive the centrifugal wheel in rotation about the main axis.
- the centrifugal wheel includes a mounting portion configured to be mounted to the shaft.
- the outer diameter, or maximum, of the second balancing portion is smaller than the inner diameter, or minimum of the first balancing portion of the housing, in the rest position.
- the pump or the compressor according to the present disclosure avoids the presence of an added nozzle.
- the first and second balancing portions overlap, that is to say that the first and second balancing portions are at least partly opposite the one from the other, over an overlapping distance.
- the overlap distance is the length over which the pieces overlap.
- the first and second balancing portions overlap axially.
- the axial overlap of the first and second balancing portions makes it possible to better calibrate the flow rate, also called the leakage flow rate, in the restrictive flow passage. Indeed, as the centrifugal wheel is subjected to expansion when driven in rotation in the radial direction, it is difficult to control the radial play.
- the axial clearance is easily controllable, and can be calibrated.
- a dimensionally controlled fluid passage is formed thereby calibrating the flow rate in the restricting flow passage.
- the axial clearance thus makes it possible to calibrate the flow rate of the fluid in the restrictive flow passage.
- the overlap distance of the first and second balancing portions in a radial direction, in the operating position is between 0.012% and 0.032% of the diameter of the centrifugal wheel.
- the overlap distance of the first and second balancing portions in a radial direction, in the operating position may be between 0.03 mm and 0.08 mm, for example for a diameter of the wheel 250 mm centrifuge, a rotational speed of the centrifugal wheel of 40000 rpm (revolutions per minute) and a temperature of about 40 K.
- the first and second balancing portions form a baffle, or a labyrinth to better restrict the fluid inlet in the restrictive passage of flow, and therefore to ensure better axial balancing pump or compressor.
- the second balancing portion is configured to move over a distance of between 0.024% and 0.06% of the diameter of the centrifugal wheel.
- the second balancing portion is configured to move over a distance of between 0.06 mm and 0.15 mm, for example for a diameter of the centrifugal wheel of 250 mm, a rotational speed of the centrifugal wheel of 40000 tr / min and for a temperature of about 40 K.
- the second balancing portion is configured to be received in a balancing groove formed by the first balancing portion and a portion of the housing adjacent to the first balancing portion.
- first and second balancing portions are configured to form the inlet of the flow restricting passage by the cooperation between the second balancing portion and the balancing groove, in the operating position.
- the first and second balancing portions are remote from one another.
- the second balancing portion does not fit into the balancing groove.
- the first and second balancing portions do not overlap axially.
- the entrance of the flow restricting passage is for example generally labyrinth shape or baffle.
- the centrifugal wheel includes an expansion portion configured to move the second balancing portion from the home position to the operating position.
- the mounting portion, the expansion portion and the second balancing portion are arranged in this order in the radial direction, starting from the main axis.
- the expansion portion of the centrifugal wheel allows a displacement of the second balancing portion with the centrifugal force, which allows even more simplifying the mounting of the balancing system while ensuring a better axial balancing of the pump or compressor.
- the expansion portion is annular.
- the expansion portion is configured to expand further than other portions of the centrifugal wheel due to centrifugal force.
- the expansion portion allows the second balancing portion to move more easily from the rest position to the operating position when the centrifugal wheel is in operation and also to return to the rest position when the centrifugal wheel stops working.
- the expansion portion comprises at least a portion of reduced thickness in the axial direction relative to adjacent portions of the centrifugal wheel.
- the thickness of the centrifugal wheel is reduced at the level of the expansion portion, which allows the expansion portion to expand more than the other parts of the centrifugal wheel.
- the expansion portion comprises an expansion member, which may be disposed along the flow restricting passage.
- expansion element is adjacent restrictive passage of flow.
- the expansion element is disposed on the back of the centrifugal wheel, that is to say on the side of the rear portion of the centrifugal wheel.
- the expansion element comprises a groove.
- the groove is configured to thin at least a portion of the expansion portion in the axial direction.
- the expansion portion is simple to achieve. These arrangements make it even easier to of the balancing system while ensuring better axial balancing of the pump or compressor.
- the expansion element may comprise a plurality of grooves.
- the expansion element comprises a lattice structure, that is to say a mesh structure or a reticular structure.
- the lattice structure having an anisotropic behavior and / or flexible, it allows more easily the expansion portion of the centrifugal wheel to expand radially under the centrifugal effect to pass the second portion of balancing from the rest position to the operating position.
- the expansion element comprises an anisotropic material.
- the anisotropic material makes it easier for the expansion portion of the centrifugal wheel to expand radially under the centrifugal effect to pass the second balancing portion of the position. rest at the operating position.
- the anisotropic material is solid.
- FIG. 1 represents an axial section of a part of the pump comprising the axial balancing system, in which the second axial balancing portion is in the rest position,
- FIG. 2 represents an axial section of a portion of the pump comprising an axial balancing system, in which the second axial balancing portion is in the operating position,
- FIG. 3 shows the displacement of the second axial balancing portion between the rest position and the operating position, in axial section
- FIG. 4 represents an axial section of a part of the pump comprising the axial balancing system of the pump according to a second embodiment
- FIG. 5 shows an axial section of a portion of the pump comprising the axial balancing system of the pump according to a third embodiment.
- Figure 1 shows a portion of a pump 11 of an aerospace turbomachine, configured to allow the flow of a fluid.
- the pump may comprise one or more axial compression stage (s) and one or more centrifugal compression stage (s).
- the pump 11 comprises a casing 13 and a centrifugal wheel 15.
- the casing 13 surrounds externally blades of the centrifugal wheel 15.
- the blades of the centrifugal wheel 15 are disposed on the front side of the centrifugal wheel 15.
- a diffuser 12 is located downstream of the centrifugal wheel 15.
- the turbomachine has a fluid inlet (not shown), the fluid passing through this inlet to reach the pump IL
- the rotation of the centrifugal wheel 15 about its axis of rotation, called the main axis draws the fluid through the before the centrifugal wheel and the axial speed of the fluid passing through the centrifugal wheel 15 is progressively transformed into a radial velocity, the fluid exiting at the outer periphery of the centrifugal wheel 15.
- the fluid enters the centrifugal wheel 15 substantially in a direction axial DA, defined by the main axis, and out of the centrifugal wheel 15 substantially in a radial direction DR, substantially perpendicular to the main axis.
- the fluid leaving the centrifugal wheel 15 passes through the diffuser 12 before reaching the combustion chamber (not shown).
- the centrifugal wheel 15 can be mounted on a shaft driven in rotation by the turbine.
- the centrifugal wheel 15 is configured to be rotated relative to the housing 13 around the main axis.
- the pump 11 comprises a main fluid flow passage 17, defined between the casing 13 and the front of the centrifugal wheel 15, and a restrictive fluid flow passage 19 defining an axial balancing system, here provided between the rear of the centrifugal wheel 15, or the back of the centrifugal wheel 15, and the housing 13.
- the restricting flow passage 19 is a secondary fluid passage, configured to receive a flow rate, or a leakage flow which exerts an axial counter-pressure on the centrifugal wheel 15 with a view to the axial equilibration of the pump 11.
- the casing 13 comprises a body 21 and a first balancing portion 23.
- the first balancing portion 23 is integral with the body 21.
- the centrifugal wheel 15 comprises a mounting portion 25, an expansion portion 27 and a second balancing portion 29, arranged radially in this order.
- the mounting portion 25 is mounted on the shaft.
- the mounting portion 25, the expansion portion 27, and the second balancing portion 29 are integral.
- the first and second balancing portions 23, 29 define the inlet of the flow restricting passage 19.
- the first balancing portion 23 includes an inwardly projecting portion and the second balancing portion 29 includes an outwardly protruding portion.
- the first and second balancing portions 23, 29 are offset with respect to one another in the axial direction DA, and therefore have an axial clearance JA.
- the axial clearance JA between the first and second balancing portions is between 0.02% and 0.4% of the radius of the centrifugal wheel, preferably between 0.08% and 0.2% of the radius of the centrifugal wheel. and more preferably, the axial clearance JA between the first and second balancing portions 23, 29 is 0.12% of the radius of the centrifugal wheel 15.
- the axial clearance JA between the first and second balancing portions 23, 29 is between 30 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m, preferably between 100 ⁇ m and 250 ⁇ m.
- the axial clearance JA between the first and second balancing portions is 150 pm.
- the axial play JA in the rest position is dimensioned so as to obtain a satisfactory clearance in the operating position.
- the axial clearance JA thus makes it possible to calibrate the flow rate of the fluid in the restrictive flow passage 19.
- the second balancing portion 29 is disposed facing a balancing groove 31 formed by the first axial balancing portion 23 and an adjacent portion 32 of the housing 13.
- the expansion portion TJ is configured to undergo an expansion greater than the mounting portion 25 and the second balancing portion 29 of the centrifugal wheel 15 under the effect of the centrifugal force.
- the expansion portion 27 includes, along the flow restrictive passage 19, an expansion member 35.
- the expansion member 35 includes a groove 33.
- the expansion member 35 comprises only Throat 33. The reduced thickness of the centrifugal wheel 15 at this point allows it to expand more strongly at this expansion portion 27.
- the expansion element 35 is annular.
- the groove 33 extends over a length of about 40% of the diameter of the centrifugal wheel in the radial direction.
- the groove 33 has a depth of about 20% of the thickness of the centrifugal wheel, in the axial direction, considered at mid-height of the centrifugal wheel 15 in the radial direction, that is to say say at about 50% of the outside radius of the centrifugal wheel 15.
- the groove 33 extends over a length of about 50 mm in the radial direction. In this example, the groove 33 has a depth of about 5 mm in the axial direction.
- the centrifugal wheel 15 may consist of a material conventionally used for cryotechnical turbomachines.
- a material has a dYoung modulus of 200,000 MPa, a fish coefficient of 0.3 and a density of 8.26 ⁇ 10 6 kg / mm 3 .
- the centrifugal wheel 15 is made of titanium, aluminum or a nickel-based material, such as a nickel-based superalloy, for example Inconel (trademark). Thanks to the expansion of the expansion portion 27, the second balancing portion 29 of the centrifugal wheel 15 is configured to move from a rest position visible in Figure 1, to an operating position, visible in Figure 2.
- an inner edge 23a of the first balancing portion 23 and an outer edge of the second balancing portion 29 are spaced from a radial play of rest in a radial direction DR.
- the radial resting clearance J RR is between 0.03 mm and 0.08 mm, preferably between 0.04 mm and 0.07 mm, and more preferably, the clearance is 0.05 mm.
- the second balancing portion 29 does not fit into the balancing groove 31. Thus, the mounting of the centrifugal wheel 15 on the housing 13 is easily achieved.
- the centrifugal wheel 15 When the pump is put into operation, the centrifugal wheel 15 begins to rotate and is subjected to centrifugal force. Under this force, the centrifugal wheel 15 expands outwardly, due to the expansion of the expansion portion 27, in particular.
- the first and second balancing portions 23, 29 overlap in the axial direction DA under the effect of the centrifugal force exerted on the centrifugal wheel 15 when the centrifugal wheel 15 is driven. in rotation.
- the nominal speed of the pump is between 1000 rpm and 120000 rpm, preferably between 10000 rpm and 100000 rpm and more preferably 40 000 rpm.
- the second balancing portion 29 fits into the balancing groove 31, which forms a labyrinth passage at the entrance of the restricting flow passage 19.
- the calibration of the flow rate is easy.
- the first and second balancing portions 23, 29 overlap over an overlap distance DC between 0.03 mm and 0.08 mm, preferably between 0.04 mm and 0.07 mm, and more preferably over a distance of 0.05 mm in the radial direction DR.
- the second balancing portion 23 moves over a displacement distance DD, in the radial direction DR, between 0.06 mm and 0.15 mm, preferably between 0.08 mm and 0.13 mm, more preferably, over a displacement distance DD of 0.1 mm.
- FIG. 4 represents a second embodiment of the expansion portion 27.
- This second example differs from the first embodiment in that the expansion element 135 comprises a trellis structure 137, that is to say say a mesh or reticular structure.
- the lattice structure 137 is attached to the centrifugal wheel 15, after having been manufactured by an additive manufacturing process, for example by laser melting on a bed of powder.
- the lattice structure 137 is disposed in place of the groove 33 of the first embodiment.
- the expansion element 135 comprises only the lattice structure 137.
- FIG. 5 represents a third exemplary embodiment of the expansion portion 27.
- This third embodiment differs from the first and second exemplary embodiments in that the expansion element 235 comprises an anisotropic material 237.
- the anisotropic material 237 is full.
- the anisotropic material 237 is disposed in place of the groove 33 of the first embodiment.
- the dilation element 235 only includes the anisotropic material 237.
- the anisotropic material 237 is configured to undergo preferential expansion in the radial direction DR.
- the anisotropic material 237 is a composite material comprising oriented fibers.
- the fibers may be generally oriented in the radial direction DR, which allows to give more flexibility to the expansion element 235 in the radial direction DR.
- the expansion portion 27 consists entirely of the anisotropic material 237.
- the centrifugal wheel 15 consists entirely of the anisotropic material 237.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1761863A FR3074859B1 (fr) | 2017-12-08 | 2017-12-08 | Pompe comprenant un systeme d'equilibrage axial |
| PCT/FR2018/053093 WO2019110909A1 (fr) | 2017-12-08 | 2018-12-03 | Pompe comprenant un systeme d'equilibrage axial |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3721093A1 true EP3721093A1 (fr) | 2020-10-14 |
| EP3721093B1 EP3721093B1 (fr) | 2021-08-25 |
Family
ID=60955343
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18836829.4A Active EP3721093B1 (fr) | 2017-12-08 | 2018-12-03 | Pompe ou compresseur comprenant un systeme d'equilibrage axial |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3721093B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3074859B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019110909A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11773746B2 (en) | 2021-09-10 | 2023-10-03 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Turbomachinery rotor shroud with variable lattice densities |
| US11994141B2 (en) | 2021-09-10 | 2024-05-28 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Turbomachinery shaft with variable lattice densities |
| US11802488B2 (en) | 2021-09-10 | 2023-10-31 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Turbomachinery seal plate with variable lattice densities |
| US20230080766A1 (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2023-03-16 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Turbomachinery rotor with variable lattice densities |
| CN120062137A (zh) * | 2025-03-24 | 2025-05-30 | 浙江理工大学 | 一种离心或透平流体机械的轴承支撑结构 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH330272A (fr) * | 1955-07-19 | 1958-05-31 | Harland Engineering Company Li | Pompe à rotor en porte à faux |
| SU1071805A1 (ru) * | 1982-10-01 | 1984-02-07 | Предприятие П/Я М-5841 | Центробежный насос |
| US4867633A (en) * | 1988-02-18 | 1989-09-19 | Sundstrand Corporation | Centrifugal pump with hydraulic thrust balance and tandem axial seals |
| FR2941019A1 (fr) * | 2009-01-09 | 2010-07-16 | Snecma | Pompe a dispositif d'equilibrage axial |
-
2017
- 2017-12-08 FR FR1761863A patent/FR3074859B1/fr active Active
-
2018
- 2018-12-03 WO PCT/FR2018/053093 patent/WO2019110909A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2018-12-03 EP EP18836829.4A patent/EP3721093B1/fr active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3074859A1 (fr) | 2019-06-14 |
| WO2019110909A1 (fr) | 2019-06-13 |
| EP3721093B1 (fr) | 2021-08-25 |
| FR3074859B1 (fr) | 2019-12-27 |
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