Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
  • H04L12/02—Details
  • H04L12/10—Current supply arrangements
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
  • G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
  • G06F1/18—Packaging or power distribution
  • G06F1/189—Power distribution
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
  • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
  • G06F1/266—Arrangements to supply power to external peripherals either directly from the computer or under computer control, e.g. supply of power through the communication port, computer controlled power-strips

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of technical building management (BMS) and the GTC (Centralized Technical Management) and more particularly the PoE ("Power over Ethernet") technology using the Ethernet network for both the power supply of the buildings. loads and the transmission of control signals of these loads.
• BMS technical building management
• GTC Centralized Technical Management
• PoE Power over Ethernet
• This power system is intended for office buildings, hospitals and other tertiary buildings. It allows one hand to transform the electrical cabinets into computer bays. And on the other hand to reduce energy consumption through the unique management of terminals. These savings vary from 30% for installations equipped with GTB, to 80% for non-equipped installations.
• This technology is based on the convergence of digital technologies where each electrical load has an address, for example an IP for objects connected via the Internet, or an identification frame for networks using a Modbus type of communication protocol (trademark) , and Building Technical Management which simplifies the building's network infrastructure and prepares it to become a smart building connected and smart building.
• this technology is generally limited to LED lighting type electric charges, fan coil motors, cameras, etc.
• a building management system consists of:
• a remote management computer station equipped with control and data acquisition software (SCADA) for the real-time processing of a large number of telemetry and remote control of technical installations
• the human-machine interface is usually performed by a supervisor, a tablet or a cell phone that presents the processes to the human operator, and allows him to control the process.
• Human-machine interfaces are usually linked to the remote management system database and programs that can calculate trends, select diagnostic data and management information such as planned maintenance procedures, logistics information, Detailed diagrams of a particular sensor or connected load.
• the ordered electrical charges are presented as schematized objects associated with touch control objects.
• the power supply and the digital control of the electrical charges by the remote management system is performed by Ethernet cables according to, for example, the standard (Power over Ethernet or PoE in English), allows to pass a voltage of 48 V (up to 'at 13 Watt or more), in addition to data at 100 Mbit / s or 1 Gbit / s.
• PoE Power over Ethernet
• the PoE solution enables the simultaneous transmission of data and power over the same Ethernet cable.
• an Ethernet cable there are four pairs of twisted wires. In a typical Fast Ethernet connection, only two of these pairs are used for data transmission (the four pairs are used for data transmission in a Gigabit connection Ethernet).
• PoE uses two of the four pairs to power devices connected to the same cable. For Fast Ethernet, most often the two pairs of wires that feed are the same as those used to transmit data.
• each electrical load is connected to the remote management station by a cable, which implies a very high wiring cost and complexity of the installation in the building.
• a power grid switch is configured to communicate with the load devices to transmit the DC power signals, determine a target power level for the load devices based on the communication on the conductors, and adjust a power amount to match the power levels of the charging devices to the target value.
• the power distribution system further comprises at least one load management unit for controlling the power supplied by the respective power supplies of the switching units to the at least one lighting unit so that the energy efficiency of the system distribution is optimized.
• the patent application US2012 / 271477 discloses a system for electrical management of a plurality of electrical charges, in particular LEDs. It includes a PoE switch providing control and power to PoE-IP LEDs. Each LED having a unique IP identifier is controllable on the PoE LAN.
• the system can include sensors and monitors such as: IP camera, light sensors and input sensors.
• the system may include PoE-IP controllers used to power and control remotely controllable controlled devices such as: access devices, IP LEDs / electronic panels, shading, sirens / alarms, etc.
• This system includes a network switch (PoE switch 120/220/220 'in Figures 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6).
• the network switch is connected to a plurality of controllers (65, 66 and 152 in Figures 4 and 6).
• the network switch can control the digital data transmission (paragraph 0016) and each controller has a unique IP-ID address (paragraph 0017).
• Patent application WO 2015007888 relates to a method and an apparatus for distributing power in DC grid systems, the power negotiations being carried out in a system in which garland.
• Several mechanisms are intended to alleviate the problem of stepwise exploration of power demands along a garland, while maintaining the speed of negotiation and without the need for many cycles.
• the patent application DE 102006036770 describes a method of commissioning at least a first field device comprising a step of signaling a first necessary electrical power of the first field device via a first port on a power unit.
• the first field device has been previously connected to the power unit via the first port by means of a first data link.
• the consumption of the first power required is performed via the first field device via the first data link and the first port, which activates the first field device.
• Another step is to assign to the first port of a power take-off unit of the first field device, the power take-off unit being provided as a power consumer.
• a power supply unit of the first field device is assigned to a second port, the power supply unit being provided for the provision of a second additional necessary power via the second port.
• the present invention relates to a field device as well as a power supply unit.
• the present invention is particularly suitable for powering field devices via an Ethernet (Power over Ethernet) link, several on-line field devices being able, according to the present invention, to be powered by an upstream connected power supply unit, such as an electrical power Ethernet switch.
• an Ethernet Power over Ethernet
• Patent Application EP2228943 describes a device comprising a plurality of communication ports that switch from one an appropriate manner between a power receiving port and a power port, thereby processing the power supply across a network in various network configurations.
• Plural devices are connected to a network cable to form a network system.
• all communication ports of the device are placed in a power receiving enable state.
• the power supply is provided by one of the communication ports, other communication ports are placed in an energy-receiving disable state.
• the device supplies a portion of the received electrical energy to another adjacent device using the communication port placed in the power-receiving disable state.
• the supply of electrical energy may be sequentially performed from the device that receives the power supply from an external power supply facility to an adjacent device and finally all devices receive power.
• the patent application US20150333918 relates to a PoE sensor comprising a housing, detection circuits arranged inside the housing and configured to detect a physical phenomenon outside the housing, at least one internal equipment supply circuit.
• energy EPS
• PD powered device
• EPS energy
• PD powered device
• the housing coupled to the sensing circuitry and the internal circuit or internal circuits PSE, and configured to receive PoE energy and data from at least one element of the external EPS to the housing, transmit the PoE energy to the sensing circuitry to trip the operation of the detection circuits, and transmit PoE energy and data to the internal circuit or internal circuits PSE to trigger transmission of PoE energy and data to the downstream sensor (s).
• a second disadvantage relates to the maximum electrical power transmitted on the twisted pairs of the Ethernet cable, which is limited to 30 W corresponding to the maximum power per twisted pair.
• the present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by a solution to reduce the cost and complexity of wiring a building or more generally a site (eg offices, a factory, a collective space, boats).
• the invention relates, in its most general sense, to a system for the electrical management of a plurality of electrical charges, comprising a network switch connected to a plurality of controllers by electrical cables ensuring the simultaneous transport of the digital data and the supply current, each controller controlling the operation of at least one electrical load, characterized in that:
• Each controller has non-volatile memory for registering a unique identifier
• At least part of the controllers have at least two digital / power ports
• the network switch includes a computer for controlling the transmission of digital data comprising digital modulation information associated with information corresponding to the unique address of the target controller.
• the network switch reads the personalization information of each controller.
• the network switch comprises a calculator, which generates unique identifiers associated with the personalization information of each controller, and controls the recording in the local memory of each of the controllers of the unique identifier. Therefore, this unique identifier is information corresponding to the unique address of the controller.
• the network switch includes a computer for controlling the transmission of digital data including digital modulation information associated with the unique controller identifier.
• the network switch comprises a memory for the recording of a database and means for periodically interrogating the local memories of the controllers and recording in said database the state of each of the loads controlled by said controllers.
• the network switch comprises means of communication with an external equipment for reading the data recorded in said database.
• said ports of the controllers are interchangeably connectable to the network switch (1) to double the power supply or to another controller for the realization of a circuit in series.
• some controllers include means for controlling the supply of the associated load directly in case of failure.
• the invention also relates to a controller for a system for electrical management of a plurality of electric charges, characterized in that it comprises at least two digital / power ports for receiving and / or transmitting a continuous power supply current and a digital signal, at least one output for supplying an electrical load and a non-volatile memory for storing a unique identifier, and a processor for processing the digital signals and controlling a power circuit controlling the power output.
• the controller further comprises a random access memory for recording information representative of the state of the electrical load connected to the power output.
• the invention also relates to a network switch for an electrical management system of a plurality of electrical charges, characterized in that it comprises a computer for controlling the transmission of digital data comprising digital modulation information associated with information corresponding to the unique address of the target controller.
• the network switch comprises a memory for the recording of a database and means for periodically interrogating the local memories of the controllers and recording in said database the state of each of the loads controlled by said controllers as well as communication means with an external equipment for reading the data recorded in said database.
• the switch comprises means for managing two types of equipment according to different protocols, using the same types of mixed power / data wiring.
• FIG. 1 represents a schematic view of an electrical management system according to the invention
• FIG. 2 represents the block diagram of a controller according to the invention
• FIG. 3 shows the block diagram of a network switch according to the invention.
• FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of the daughter card.
• Figure 1 shows the block diagram of a building management system according to an example of the invention.
• the system comprises: a concentrator (1) of the controllers (11 to 14, 21, 22, 31 to 34, 41) of the cables (2 to 5).
• the invention relates to power supply technology on Ethernet called "Power over Ethernet (PoE).
• PoE Power over Ethernet
• Wiring is done with twisted pair Ethernet cables, universally used for network connections. It is also used to deliver power to low-power devices according to a standard set by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) in June 2000 as 802.3af-2003, which specifies how to provide low power. (about 13 W at 48 VDC) on twisted pair cabling.
• IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
• 802.3af basic PoE standard was supplemented by the 802.3at standard, ratified on September 11, 2009, which provides up to 25 watts for larger devices, more large consumers of energy.
• 802.3at is downstream compatible with 802.3af.
• the Ethernet cable (2 to 5) consists of four twisted pairs that the network switch (1) uses to power electrical loads (110 to 140, 210, 220, 320,
• a first solution uses two pairs to transmit the data while the other two pairs are used for power.
• the power supply and the data are transmitted on the same pairs.
• the power supply is either direct current or alternating current with a very low frequency of 60 Hz maximum, while the data transmissions are at frequencies of 10 to 100 million Hertz, or even more.
• each cable segment (2 to 5) is limited to one hundred meters because of the weakening along the cable.
• the network switch (1) is powered by a direct current source of less than 60 volts. It is equipped with a radio frequency communication circuit (8), for example WIFI, to establish communications with peripherals such as a tablet, a cellular telephone or a dedicated control box providing the human-machine interface and allowing different users to control the operation of electrical charges by human intervention, in complementarity with the automatic control of installations. It is equipped with a LAN port and also a fiber optic GBIC port.
• a radio frequency communication circuit (8) for example WIFI
• the network switch (1) is equipped with a memory for storing a database of the timestamped state loads and sensors of the system. This database allows interrogation by an intelligent management system, asynchronously with respect to data collection.
• the network switch (1) comprises a computer for interfacing with complementary equipment and interrogating the database by a MODBUS communication, a WEB interface or a proprietary communication protocol.
• the communication protocol is of the MODBUS type.
• This protocol provides operation in Master / Slave mode. Only the master (ie the network switch 1) is active and reads and writes in each slave, the slaves (ie the controllers) being completely passive.
• the frames are coded on 8 bits in RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) mode.
• the switch can handle two types of equipment using different protocols, using the same types of mixed power / data cabling, for example: low-power equipment, controlled in "native" PoE mode compliant with IEEE standards via IP over Ethernet transmission eg sensors, clocks, cameras, intercoms, badge readers, repeater or WIFI terminal high energy equipment, controlled according to a TCP protocol on MODBUS, for example fan coil units, luminaires, blinds ...
• low-power equipment controlled in "native" PoE mode compliant with IEEE standards via IP over Ethernet transmission eg sensors, clocks, cameras, intercoms, badge readers, repeater or WIFI terminal high energy equipment, controlled according to a TCP protocol on MODBUS, for example fan coil units, luminaires, blinds ...
• the system makes it possible to control various equipment: electrical charges (110, 120, 140, 330) constituted by lighting modules, for example light-emitting diodes, electrical charges (130, 340) constituted by air conditioning modules, for example the servomotor of an HVAC equipment and low power consumption motor with operation lower than or equal to 48V of the higher power electrical loads (220), for example the external sign of a store via sensor relay boards (311), for example a temperature sensor of audiovisual equipment (323, 422), for example a sound circuit.
• electrical charges (130, 340) constituted by air conditioning modules for example the servomotor of an HVAC equipment and low power consumption motor with operation lower than or equal to 48V of the higher power electrical loads (220), for example the external sign of a store via sensor relay boards (311), for example a temperature sensor of audiovisual equipment (323, 422), for example a sound circuit.
• sensor relay boards for example a
• Multifunction sensors Presence, brightness, temperature,
• the multifunction sensor comprises a sound and / or video sensor, transmitting to the switch data packets corresponding to the signals acquired locally.
• the switch includes a speech and / or image recognition algorithm for analyzing the signature and controlling actions such as controlling a load via the associated controller.
• the switch comprises calculating means for controlling the state of one or more controllers, according to the data transmitted by one or more other controllers.
• the switch has a plurality of ports, a portion of which may be connected in parallel on the same controller, to multiply the maximum power supply.
• the controller detects the addresses on the "data" arrivals. Those corresponding to the same address are treated with only one of these arrivals.
• An essential feature of the system according to the invention relates to the serial wiring of several controllers (11 to 14; 31 to 34).
• controllers (12-14, 32-34) are not connected by the cabling to the network switch (1), but to another controller. This significantly reduces the number and length of cables needed for building management and simplifies installation.
• each controller (11 to 14, 21, 22, 31 to 34, 41) comprises two or more Ethernet ports for performing a chaining of the controllers.
• Each controller includes a memory for recording a unique identifier of the associated equipment. These unique identifiers can be advantageously deployed at the time of initialization of the system.
• the network switch (1) then reads the personalization information of each controller, generates unique identifiers and controls the recording in the local memory of each of the controllers of the unique identifier associated with the personalization information. This data is also stored in the database (10).
• Figure 2 shows a schematic view of an electronic card (200) of a controller.
• a processor associated with a flash memory and a SRAM static random access memory.
• This is for example a microcontroller PIC32 type MICROCHIP (trademark).
• the card (200) has input-output ports (210, 211), for example RJ45 connectors commonly for Ethernet connections. Such a connector has eight electrical connection pins and is a physical interface often used to terminate twisted pair cables.
• These connectors (210, 211) provide the power supply to a power board (220) and to the electronic components of the board (200) and provide the transmission of signal frames between a transceiver (230, 240). "Tranceiver" - and the network switch (1).
• the transceiver (240) converts the input signals to a format compatible with the processor (220).
• the processor (240) controls the power circuit (220) which supplies an output (250) for controlling LED lighting with the right current thanks to the setpoint received by the processor (240) and a multi-sensor output (260).
• the power circuit (220) also adapts the 55V supply transmitted by the wiring to supply the other electronic circuits of the card (200).
• FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the motherboard. It includes a Gigabit Ethernet transceiver (300) with a physical layer conforming to the 1000BASE-T, 100BASE-TX and 100BASE-T standards. It communicates via the RGMII and SMI PHI buses with a switch (310) integrating a high-performance Gigabit switching matrix with four priority queues, and multiple MGMII Gigabit Ethernet interface ports, memory and independent access controllers (MAC).
• a Gigabit Ethernet transceiver 300
• the ports (312) communicates with 30 Watt POE Ethernet ports (312) via isolation transformers (311).
• the ports (312) are connected to a PoE Ethernet power management circuit (313).
• the transceiver (300) also communicates with an optical fiber module (301) and, via an isolation transformer (302), with a main Ethernet port (303).
• the set of functionalities of the motherboard is controlled by a microcontroller (330) connected to a backplane connector (335) connected to a power supply (336).
• the motherboard includes a connector (340) for connection to a daughter card and a Serial ATA (S-ATA or SATA) type connector (341) for connecting high-speed storage devices.
• a connector 340
• S-ATA or SATA Serial ATA
• FIG 4 shows a block diagram of the daughter card. It includes two switches (400, 410) communicating via isolation transformers (401, 411) with PoE Ethernet ports (402, 412). The ports (402, 412) are connected to PoE Ethernet power management circuits (403, 413). Both switches communicate via an isolation transformer (409).
• the daughter board includes a backplane connector (435) connected to a power supply (436).
• the daughter board includes a connector (440) for connection to a motherboard and a Serial ATA (S-ATA or SATA) connector (441) for connecting high-speed storage devices.
• a connector for connection to a motherboard
• a Serial ATA (S-ATA or SATA) connector 441 for connecting high-speed storage devices.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• Small-Scale Networks (AREA)

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• 2017
  • 2017-11-30 WO PCT/FR2017/053326 patent/WO2019106240A1/fr unknown
  • 2017-11-30 EP EP17825564.2A patent/EP3718253A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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