EP3718203A1 - Verfahren zum ansteuern einer elektrischen maschine - Google Patents
Verfahren zum ansteuern einer elektrischen maschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP3718203A1 EP3718203A1 EP18807068.4A EP18807068A EP3718203A1 EP 3718203 A1 EP3718203 A1 EP 3718203A1 EP 18807068 A EP18807068 A EP 18807068A EP 3718203 A1 EP3718203 A1 EP 3718203A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrical
- output signal
- voltage
- inverter
- evaluation unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/48—Arrangements for obtaining a constant output value at varying speed of the generator, e.g. on vehicle
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
- H02P29/024—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
- H02P29/0241—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load the fault being an overvoltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the converter used
- H02P2201/03—AC-DC converter stage controlled to provide a defined DC link voltage
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for driving an electric machine.
- inverter To control an electrical machine that is to provide ver with an AC variable or such supplies, such as, for example, a synchronous or an Asyn chron machine, so-called inverter or inverter are used, which set the required for driving the electrical machine electrical currents .
- An inverter is an electrical device that converts a direct current into an alternating current or an alternating current into a direct current. In particular special in motor vehicles, in which in many cases only an electric DC is available, such inverters are often used.
- Electric machines in the motor vehicle which are actively actuated via an inverter, usually have an overvoltage protection which is intended to limit the intermediate circuit voltage of the inverter to a maximum value.
- a DC link is by definition an energy storage device between two inverters.
- an energy storage is also referred to as inter mediate circuit.
- Such electrical machines with appropriate overvoltage protection functions find application at various voltage levels in motor vehicles.
- the maximum operating voltage is 54 V
- Inverters typically comprise a number of switches, for example, arranged in a half-bridge or bridge and controlled by a driver circuit, which is also referred to herein as drive, i. E. H. switched on and off or closed and opened.
- a driver circuit which is also referred to herein as drive, i. E. H. switched on and off or closed and opened.
- An horrungskonzep th bridges or half bridges for driving the electrical Maschi ne driven by bridge drivers which in turn receive the PWM drive signal through a microcontroller.
- a schematic structure of an electronic drive unit in connexion with a separately excited five-phase electric machine is shown, for example, in Fi gur 1.
- the DC link voltage is monitored by a comparator circuit. If this voltage exceeds a defined limit, appropriate protective measures are initiated by the microcontroller. This is necessary because too high an intermediate circuit voltage can lead to an excessive vehicle electrical system voltage, which in turn can cause damage or even destruction of components in this vehicle network.
- error responses are known, which are initiated by the microcontroller, which drives the driver circuit, to limit the voltage over.
- the method presented herein is for driving an electric machine via an inverter comprising a number of switches and typically a DC link in which electrical energy is stored. It is intended to monitor whether an electrical variable exceeds a threshold value and thus, for example .
- An overvoltage is present in order to initiate a countermeasure or a protective measure in this case. This typically consists of causing a phase short circuit.
- an electrical variable can, for example, the DC voltage over the switches are monitored. It is also possible to monitor the so-called DC link voltage. Alternatively or additionally, the phase voltage between the switches, the DC current flow change from the inverter or a phase current change or a comparable size can be used. Thus, typically a physical quantity is monitored that is proportional to the voltage or voltage change of the DC voltage, whereby an overvoltage can be detected.
- the switches are driven by a driver circuit and it is the monitoring of the monitored electrical variable by means of an evaluation, for example.
- a comparator performed.
- This Auswer teech recognizes, in an embodiment of the comparator eg. By comparison with a reference size or reference voltage or threshold voltage, whether an oversize or overvoltage, d. H. a value or voltage lying above a limit exists, for example, in the intermediate circuit.
- the evaluation unit outputs an output signal which carries information about the intermediate circuit voltage.
- the signal may carry the information as to whether an overvoltage exists or not.
- the output signal of the evaluation unit acts directly on the switches of the converter, for example, mediated by the driver circuit. Immediately means that the information on the presence of an overvoltage is not first given to the microcontroller, which then outputs a corresponding drive signal for the driver circuit. Immed directly means that the output of the evaluation is passed directly to the switch or its driver circuit. This can mean that the output signal of the evaluation unit has an immediate effect on an input signal of the driver circuit, an output signal of the driver circuit or else on the internal function or mode of operation of the driver circuit. Thus, the evaluation unit, for example.
- the comparator can also be provided in the driver circuit. The output signal then directly influences the processes in the driver circuit or their function.
- a countermeasure is initiated. This consists z. Example, in that a phase short circuit is brought about by all highside or all lowside switches of a bridge or half-bridge, which can represent the driver circuit are closed.
- the presented method is used, for example, in a vehicle electrical system of a motor vehicle in which an electric machine is operated. However, the method is also applicable in other areas whenever an electrical machine is controlled.
- the presented method now makes it possible to significantly reduce the error reaction time in the event of an overvoltage event and thus to reduce the maximum voltage reached by the electrical machine so as not to exceed the contact protection voltage of 60 V as far as possible. Furthermore, the method currently used for the overvoltage protection Zen diodes in the inverter superfluous by the process.
- the proposed method is characterized by the initiation of Pha senkurz gleiches not initiate as error response of the inverter via the microcontroller, but directly bind to the measurement of the DC link voltage to ver.
- the primary initiation of the protective reaction, such. B. the phase short circuit is thus realized only by a pure hardware circuit that bypasses the microcontroller. In this way, the error reaction time can be significantly reduced.
- Previously needed zener diodes to reduce the maximum overvoltage are superfluous, since the timely initiation of the phase short circuit is sufficient.
- the presented device is used to carry out the procedure described procedural and is, for example, integrated in a control unit.
- Figure 1 shows an embodiment of an electric machine with drive circuit according to the prior art.
- Figure 2 shows the arrangement for carrying out the presented method.
- FIG. 3 shows a further possible embodiment of the described arrangement.
- FIG. 1 shows an electrical machine 10, which is controlled by an inverter 12.
- the electric machine comprises a stator 20, a rotor 22 with Ro torwicklung 24 and a pulley 26.
- the inverter 12 includes a half-bridge 30 with a number of high-side switches 32 and an equal number of low-side switches 34, a microcontroller 36, a first bridge driver 38, a second bridge driver 40, an exciter bridge 42, a Komparatorschal device 44 with a voltage divider 45, which includes a first resistor 46 and a second resistor 47, and a diode 48.
- the intermediate circuit which is given, for example, by a capacity , is not shown in the illustration.
- An intermediate circuit voltage 50 is connected between a first terminal 52 and a second terminal 54.
- the illustration thus shows the schematic structure of the electronic control unit or to the inverter 12 in connection with the externally excited five-phase electric machine 10.
- the half bridges 30 for driving the electric machine 10 are driven by bridge driver 38, 40, in turn, the PWM drive signal through received the microcontroller.
- the intermediate circuit voltage 50 is monitored by the comparator circuit 44. If this voltage exceeds a defined limit, appropriate protective measures are initiated by the microcontroller 36.
- Phase short circuit There are either all high-side switch 32 or all lowside switch 34, which are realized, for example.
- MOSFETs By MOSFETs, the half-bridge 30 in the inverter 12 to control the electric machine 10 short-circuited. As a result, no energy is transmitted from the stator winding into the DC link of the inverter 12. Furthermore, the DC link voltage is limited by diodes 48. These become conductive above a certain voltage and thereby reduce the maximum DC link voltage 50 reached.
- FIG. 2 shows a half-bridge 100 with five high-side switches 102 and five low-side switches 104, which are embodied, for example, as MOSFETs or IGBTs, a driver circuit 106, in this case a bridge driver, a microcontroller 108 and an evaluation unit 110 is formed as a comparator or compa ratorscnies with a voltage divider 112 with a first resistor 114 and a second resistor 116 and an operational amplifier 118 out. Between a first terminal 120 and a second terminal 122 is an intermediate circuit voltage 124 at.
- Inputs of the operational amplifier 118 are a reference voltage 130 and a voltage value 132 of the voltage divider 112.
- the operational amplifier 118 outputs an output signal 134 representing the output signal 134 of the evaluation unit 110.
- the output 134 carries information as to whether an overvoltage exists or not. This output signal 134 is now more directly via a connection 140 to the driver circuit 106 gege ben. In this case, the output signal 134 of the evaluation unit 110 acts directly on an input signal 142 of the driver circuit 106.
- As a countermeasure if an overvoltage is present in the intermediate circuit, at this output phase short circuit by either closing all the high side switches 102 or all the low side switches 104.
- the output of the evaluation unit 110 in this case the voltage comparator, overwrites the PWM output signal of the microcontroller 108, so that a duty cycle of 100% of all low-side MOSFETs is set. This thus causes the phase short circuit as soon as an overvoltage has been detected by the comparator.
- FIG. 3 shows a circuit arrangement 200 as a possible arrangement for carrying out the method presented here, by means of which a comparator can directly overwrite the PWM signal of a microcontroller in order to initiate a protective measure sufficiently quickly.
- the circuit arrangement 200 comprises a voltage divider 202, a capacitor 204 for setting a low-pass filter 205, an operational amplifier 206, a resistor 208, which represents a hysteresis circuit 209 for setting a hysteresis, a transistor 210, a PWM output signal 212 of a microcontroller 214 and a Driver circuit 216, in this case a bridge driver.
- a first terminal 220 and a second terminal 222 typically a ground terminal GND, is a bacteria Vietnamese crystal oscillity circuit.
- the capacitance 204 and the resistor 208 are optional measures.
- the circuit arrangement 200 in FIG. 3 enables PWM operation by the microcontroller 214 as long as the voltage at the tap of the voltage divider 202 does not exceed a reference voltage.
- the clamping voltage limit GND is applied to the output of the operational amplifier 206, whereby the transistor 210 blocks and thereby the PWM signal is set to "low" ge.
- the low pass filter 205 may be provided to prevent false triggering. This can be due to the very small distance of the voltage limit for Operating voltage range occurrences.
- the hysteresis circuit 209 ensures that the phase short circuit is not canceled immediately after falling below the specified voltage limit again.
- the interconnection of the comparator and the influence on the control of the circuit breaker for example.
- the high-side switch and the low-side switch are highly dependent on the selected control of the respective inverter. Therefore, there are various ways to initiate the hardware short-circuit hardware directly through a comparator. Furthermore, for example, there is the possibility to bypass the bridge driver and through the evaluation unit, for example.
- the comparator directly to influence the control terminal activation of the power switch.
- phase short circuit it is conceivable in addition to the initiation of the phase short circuit to initiate by a hardware circuit as well as a de-energizing of the electric machine.
- the presented method is particularly suitable for electrical machines, such as. Foreign-excited synchronous machine, which are set up for use in motor vehicle witnesses.
- an application in an asynchronous machine is conceivable.
- the controlled electric machine can be in generator mode or in engine mode.
- the method and the arrangement can also be used as part of the boost recuperation system (BRS) in the electric machine, the so-called boost recuperation machine.
- BRS boost recuperation system
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017221638.7A DE102017221638A1 (de) | 2017-12-01 | 2017-12-01 | Verfahren zum Ansteuern einer elektrischen Maschine |
PCT/EP2018/081870 WO2019105795A1 (de) | 2017-12-01 | 2018-11-20 | Verfahren zum ansteuern einer elektrischen maschine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3718203A1 true EP3718203A1 (de) | 2020-10-07 |
Family
ID=64402221
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18807068.4A Withdrawn EP3718203A1 (de) | 2017-12-01 | 2018-11-20 | Verfahren zum ansteuern einer elektrischen maschine |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3718203A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN111713003A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102017221638A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2019105795A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005009341A1 (de) * | 2004-11-04 | 2006-05-18 | Diehl Ako Stiftung & Co. Kg | Schaltungsananordnung und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Elektromotors, insbesondere einer Waschmaschine |
DE102008040686A1 (de) * | 2008-07-24 | 2010-01-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Reglervorrichtung für einen Generator |
EP2433830A1 (de) * | 2010-09-28 | 2012-03-28 | Brusa Elektronik AG | Verfahren und Steuerung zum Bereitstellen elektrischer Energie aus einer angetriebenen Drehstrom-Synchronmaschine |
DE102012101508A1 (de) * | 2012-02-24 | 2013-08-29 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer elektrischen Maschine |
-
2017
- 2017-12-01 DE DE102017221638.7A patent/DE102017221638A1/de active Pending
-
2018
- 2018-11-20 EP EP18807068.4A patent/EP3718203A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-11-20 CN CN201880077412.1A patent/CN111713003A/zh active Pending
- 2018-11-20 WO PCT/EP2018/081870 patent/WO2019105795A1/de unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102017221638A1 (de) | 2019-06-06 |
CN111713003A (zh) | 2020-09-25 |
WO2019105795A1 (de) | 2019-06-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE102015011506B4 (de) | PWM-Gleichrichter mit Kapazitätsberechnungseinheit | |
DE102005013246B4 (de) | Fehlererfassungssystem für Umrichter | |
DE10118177B4 (de) | Energieversorgungsvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge | |
EP2516198B1 (de) | Verfahren zur fehlererkennung bei einer durch einen wechselrichter angesteuerten elektrischen maschine in einem kraftfahrzeug und vorrichtung zur überwachung eines betriebs der elektrischen maschine | |
EP3075048B1 (de) | Überspannungsschutz für kraftfahrzeugbordnetz bei lastabwurf | |
DE102011076722B4 (de) | Verfahren zur Stromermittlung in einer mehrphasigen Maschine | |
DE102006018053A1 (de) | Ansteuersystem für eine elektrische Maschine | |
DE102011081173A1 (de) | Betriebszustandsschaltung für Wechselrichter und Verfahren zum Einstellen von Betriebszuständen eines Wechselrichters | |
DE102017207886A1 (de) | Steuereinheit und Verfahren zum Ansteuern einer Wechselrichterschaltung für einen Permanentmagnet-Synchronmotor | |
EP2715939B1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betreiben einer leistungsendstufe | |
DE102012101508A1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer elektrischen Maschine | |
DE102013108951A1 (de) | Drehende elektrische Maschine mit einem Lastabfallschutz | |
DE102013213802A1 (de) | Überspannungsschutz für aktive Gleichrichter bei Lastabwurf | |
DE102014114122A1 (de) | Drehende elektrische Maschine, die an einem Fahrzeug befestigt ist | |
DE102015202440A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines an eine elektrische Maschine angeschlossenen aktiven Umrichters und Mittel zu dessen Implementierung | |
DE102013208968A1 (de) | Kraftfahrzeugbordnetz mit aktivem Brückengleichrichter und Überspannungsschutz bei Lastabwurf, Gleichrichteranordnung, zugehöriges Betriebsverfahren und Mittel zu dessen Implementierung | |
DE102017108396A1 (de) | Fehlerabschaltsteuerung einer elektrischen maschine in einem fahrzeug oder anderen gleichstromdrehmomentsystemen | |
DE112015003140T5 (de) | Leistungsumsetzungsvorrichtung | |
WO2012072311A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betreiben einer durch einen wechselrichter gesteuerten elektrischen maschine im falle einer störung | |
EP3257134B1 (de) | Verfahren zum betreiben eines an eine elektrische maschine angeschlossenen aktiven umrichters und mittel zu dessen implementierung | |
EP3069444B1 (de) | Verfahren zum betreiben einer elektrischen maschine | |
DE102007023946A1 (de) | Drehstromgenerator-Steuervorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug | |
DE102019124214A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit einer permanenterregten Synchronmaschine und Kraftfahrzeug | |
EP3718203A1 (de) | Verfahren zum ansteuern einer elektrischen maschine | |
DE112015000065T5 (de) | Spannungssteuerungsvorrichtung und Spannungssteuerungsverfahren |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20200630 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20210126 |