EP3703885A1 - 3d-metalldruckverfahren und anordnung für ein solches - Google Patents
3d-metalldruckverfahren und anordnung für ein solchesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3703885A1 EP3703885A1 EP18796409.3A EP18796409A EP3703885A1 EP 3703885 A1 EP3703885 A1 EP 3703885A1 EP 18796409 A EP18796409 A EP 18796409A EP 3703885 A1 EP3703885 A1 EP 3703885A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- metal
- layer
- starting material
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000001617 migratory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/142—Thermal or thermo-mechanical treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
- B22F12/13—Auxiliary heating means to preheat the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0006—Electron-beam welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/002—Devices involving relative movement between electronbeam and workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0086—Welding welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. built-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0093—Welding characterised by the properties of the materials to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/02—Control circuits therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/06—Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/1224—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in vacuum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/127—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an enclosure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/49—Scanners
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the invention relates to a 3D metal printing method for producing a spatial metal product substantially from a metal powder or
- Metal filaments wherein the metal product is layered by applying starting material layers to a respective pre-formed layer and selectively locally heating predetermined points of the layer over a sintered or non-woven layer
- additive manufacturing or “3D printing”. These methods are based in part on melting and solidification steps, and then include selective local heating of previously applied layers of material, also referred to herein as “spot-wise” or “point-wise” heating.
- spot-wise or “point-wise” heating.
- metal products in particular from relatively high-melting Metals, such as titanium, are usually coordinate-controlled over the
- Delaying baked powder or filament portions of the finished product also requires effort and often leaves an undesirably uneven product surface.
- baked starting material can not readily be recovered and used for the production of further products, so that the utilization of the starting material in such processes leaves something to be desired.
- the finished products must be subjected to a subsequent thermal treatment (tempering, annealing) for de-stressing due to the punctiform thermal stresses that have occurred in the production process.
- a subsequent thermal treatment titanium, annealing
- this takes considerable time and thus seriously reduces the productivity of the laser-based processes.
- Eletron beam method (EBM method) require high expenditure on equipment and are economically used only for products with relatively small dimensions and therefore still not widely used. In them, usually a pre-heating of the uppermost material layer before local melting by means of a "stochastic" scanning of the entire surface with the
- Electron beam which further increases the apparatus and control effort and also significantly prolongs the production time of the product.
- the invention is based on the object to provide an improved method of the generic type and an arrangement for its implementation, with which a high productivity, economical use of material and moderate energy consumption and thus overall reduced product costs
- a further idea of the invention is at least one of the two by the use of a radiation with a relatively low penetration depth, namely of near IR radiation (NIR radiation), in particular with a maximum radiation density in the wavelength range between 0.8 and 1.5 ⁇ to achieve.
- NIR radiation near IR radiation
- the metal powder used is an aluminum, stainless steel or titanium powder or also refractory metal powder or powder of alloys with these metals.
- the process can also be carried out with starting materials of filament form or else as granules.
- the near IR radiation is sequentially sectioned into sections of the total area of the respective starting material layer
- the power density of the surface or "migratory" irradiated near IR radiation is above 1 MW / m 2 , and it is as near IR radiation, the radiation at least one in
- Halogen lamps with a radiator temperature of up to 3200 K, in particular in the range of 2900 K to 3200 K used.
- selective local heating of predetermined points for sintering and tempering is accomplished by scanning the starting material layer with a
- Electron or laser beam causes.
- a preheating temperature selected as a function of the melting temperature and further parameters of the metal or alloy to be processed, in particular in the range between 600 and 1100 ° C., more particularly of 700 and 1000 ° C. and in particular by a time and / or
- Radiation density control of the surface irradiation of the near IR radiation is regulated.
- the structure of the overall arrangement largely corresponds to the known SD printer, whose function is based on the sequential local melting of layered metal powders or filaments
- This device has an NIR irradiation device for irradiation of near IR radiation, in particular with a radiation density maximum in the wavelength range between 0.1 and 1.5 pm, with high power density on a predetermined area in the area of the work table.
- the IR irradiation device can have a smaller base area than the work table and can also be positioned obliquely above it or even laterally therefrom.
- the NIR irradiation device When using the present invention in the context of the EBM method, which is carried out in a high vacuum, the NIR irradiation device
- the NIR irradiation device has at least one linear halogen radiator, in particular a plurality of halogen radiators, with a reflector assigned in such a way that the radiation of the or each infrared radiator is concentrated in the direction of the work table.
- the IR irradiation device may also be an array of high performance NIR
- Laser diodes include, and in such an embodiment can be largely dispensed with special reflectors.
- the plurality of halogen lamps with associated reflector are mounted in a position-controlled manner over the work table in position-controlled manner in at least one axial direction of an XY plane.
- Execution serves to realize a process control in which the preheating is carried out in each case only for a concrete part surface section of the metal product which is to be processed, and this region "wanders" over the surface to be processed
- the majority of halogen lamps with associated reflector is mounted stationary or possibly height adjustable on the work table.
- the means for effecting selective local heating of predetermined points may be a pre-applied one
- Starting material layer have an electron beam gun or a laser with downstream scanner for pointwise irradiation of near NIR radiation or visible light in the long-wavelength region to the predetermined points.
- the invention thus provides, at least in certain embodiments, several significant advantages over prior art methods.
- the heating essentially allows only the last one
- the invention further provides the advantages of a substantial time and cost savings through the extensive Elimination of such support structures and thus the elimination of post-processing steps to their removal. Equally serious is the time gain and thus resulting productivity advantage by eliminating or at least shortening a total thermal post-processing of the finished product for stress relief.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation, in the manner of a longitudinal sectional view, an arrangement and a method according to an embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 2 is a schematic representation, in the manner of a longitudinal sectional view, an arrangement and a method according to another embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic representation, in the manner of a longitudinal sectional view, an arrangement and a method according to another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a sketch of an arrangement 100 for the additive production of a (still incompletely shown here) spatial metal product P, which by means of
- the arrangement comprises a work table 103, on the layer by layer
- Metal powder bed 101 applied and the metal product P is formed.
- the work table 103 is vertically movable to keep the surface of the metal powder bed 101 at the same height level, despite its height increasing with the layer application.
- Powder application device for supplying metal powder in the actual work area comprises a punch 105 which is vertically movable in the direction of arrow B, ie in the opposite direction to the arrow A, and a powder applicator roll 107 which is movable in the direction of arrow C and on the punch 105 as Stockpiled metal powder 109 each in individual layers predetermined thickness in the work area (ie in the figure to the right in the powder bed 101) moves.
- an NIR radiation source III which in the example is formed by a single halogen lamp purple and an associated reflector 111b.
- the NIR radiation source 111 is, as symbolized by the arrows Dl and D2, laterally movable back and forth over the powder bed 101 and used for pre-heating of the respective irradiated portions of the powder bed to a temperature below a sintering or melting temperature of
- Metal powder optionally, it also serves for thermal aftertreatment
- the NIR radiation source 111 can also comprise a plurality of halogen lamps with a correspondingly shaped reflector.
- a commercial processing laser 113 which in view of the
- this step can be replaced by stationary or "traveling" irradiation of the uppermost material layer with NIR radiation.
- the metal powder 109 remains in those places where it was not heated above the sintering or melting temperature, in the powder state and after being removed from the worktable, falls off or may be washed out of the metal product P.
- Fig. 2 shows a largely similar to the arrangement 100 of FIG
- a stationary NIR irradiation device 111 is provided here with a simple large-area reflector 111b and a row of halogen lamps 1a arranged underneath. It is understood that the relative arrangement of laser 113 and scanner 115 on the one hand and the NIR irradiation device 111 is to be determined in such a way that the radiation from both radiation sources can pass unhindered onto the entire surface of the powder bed 101 to be processed.
- Fig. 3 shows an arrangement 100 "similar in part to the arrangement of Fig. 1. Again, the parts corresponding to Fig. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals as there.
- the arrangement 100 is configured as an EBM processing arrangement, i. In place of a processing laser and associated scanner, a cathode ray tube 113 "with associated coordinate-controlled deflection unit 115" occurs here.
- the deflection unit 115 "directs an electron beam E generated by the electron beam tube 113 to arbitrary, by manufacturing drawings of the
- the power of the electron beam E and thus the temperature attainable at the point of impact can be controlled almost without inertia Among other things, the precise T-controlled execution of sintering or melting steps on the one hand and subsequent tempering steps of the applied metal layer
- the NIR radiation source 111 housed, which is associated with a vacuum generator 119 for generating a high vacuum in the vacuum chamber during the manufacturing process of a product.
- a vacuum generator 119 for generating a high vacuum in the vacuum chamber during the manufacturing process of a product.
- the NIR radiation source III it is considered advantageous to also place the NIR radiation source III in the vacuum chamber 117;
- the radiator module could also be arranged outside the vacuum chamber and the NIR radiation could be directed onto the product surface through an NIR-permeable window and, if appropriate, corresponding mirrors.
- the embodiment of the invention is also in a variety of
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017125597.4A DE102017125597A1 (de) | 2017-11-02 | 2017-11-02 | 3D-Metalldruckverfahren und Anordnung für ein solches |
PCT/EP2018/079573 WO2019086379A1 (de) | 2017-11-02 | 2018-10-29 | 3d-metalldruckverfahren und anordnung für ein solches |
Publications (1)
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EP3703885A1 true EP3703885A1 (de) | 2020-09-09 |
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EP18796409.3A Pending EP3703885A1 (de) | 2017-11-02 | 2018-10-29 | 3d-metalldruckverfahren und anordnung für ein solches |
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EP (1) | EP3703885A1 (de) |
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WO (1) | WO2019086379A1 (de) |
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KR20210005707A (ko) * | 2018-05-03 | 2021-01-14 | 디에스엠 아이피 어셋츠 비.브이. | 적층 제조를 통하여 생성된 광-제작된 물품을 후처리하는 방법 |
EP3656489A1 (de) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-05-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Regelungsverfahren für die additive herstellung |
SE544890C2 (en) | 2020-04-17 | 2022-12-20 | Freemelt Ab | Preheating of powder bed |
DE102020119464A1 (de) | 2020-07-23 | 2022-01-27 | Hugo Kern Und Liebers Gmbh & Co. Kg | 3D-Drahtdruckverfahren zum Herstellen von Metallobjekten |
CN115255399A (zh) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-11-01 | 西安交通大学 | 利用微区同步热处理消除打印缺陷的3d打印装置及方法 |
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DE19516972C1 (de) * | 1995-05-09 | 1996-12-12 | Eos Electro Optical Syst | Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objektes mittels Lasersintern |
DE19927041A1 (de) * | 1999-06-14 | 2000-12-21 | Herberts Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren zur Reparaturlackierung von Fehlstellen in Einbrennlackierungen mit Pulverlacken |
US6930278B1 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2005-08-16 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Continuous calibration of a non-contact thermal sensor for laser sintering |
DE102012212587A1 (de) * | 2012-07-18 | 2014-01-23 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum schichtweisen Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts |
DE102014203711A1 (de) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Erzeugung von Druckeigenspannungen bei generativer Fertigung |
US20150343664A1 (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2015-12-03 | Jian Liu | Method and Apparatus for Three-Dimensional Additive Manufacturing with a High Energy High Power Ultrafast Laser |
WO2016063198A1 (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2016-04-28 | Industrie Additive S.R.L. | Apparatus and method for additive manufacturing of three-dimensional objects |
WO2016072966A1 (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2016-05-12 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Thermally decomposing material for three-dimensional printing |
EP3307526B1 (de) * | 2015-06-10 | 2021-11-17 | IPG Photonics Corporation | Generative fertigung mit mehreren strahlen |
US11007710B2 (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2021-05-18 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Three-dimensional (3D) printing |
US20200079010A1 (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2020-03-12 | Hewlwtt-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Additive manufacturing method using an energy source and varying build material spacings and apparatus |
DE102016203582A1 (de) * | 2016-03-04 | 2017-09-07 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Additives Fertigungssystem und Verfahren zur additiven Fertigung von Bauteilen |
US20180264549A1 (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2018-09-20 | Applied Materials Inc. | Lamp configuration for Additive Manufacturing |
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US20230294168A1 (en) | 2023-09-21 |
DE102017125597A1 (de) | 2019-05-02 |
US20200338638A1 (en) | 2020-10-29 |
WO2019086379A1 (de) | 2019-05-09 |
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