EP3701256A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur erfassung einer beweglichkeit von lithium-ionen in einem elektrolyten - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zur erfassung einer beweglichkeit von lithium-ionen in einem elektrolytenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3701256A1 EP3701256A1 EP18795420.1A EP18795420A EP3701256A1 EP 3701256 A1 EP3701256 A1 EP 3701256A1 EP 18795420 A EP18795420 A EP 18795420A EP 3701256 A1 EP3701256 A1 EP 3701256A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- lithium
- volume
- mobility
- spacer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 26
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 4
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 trifluoromethanesulfonate ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004286 7Li NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 208000020960 lithium transport Diseases 0.000 description 2
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001116389 Aloe Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100169840 Drosophila melanogaster mahj gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002227 LISICON Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910007857 Li-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008029 Li-In Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008367 Li-Pb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010586 LiFeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008447 Li—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006670 Li—In Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006738 Li—Pb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTHSQBRGZYTIIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Ni](=O)=O Chemical compound [Li].[Ni](=O)=O GTHSQBRGZYTIIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGCCXYAKZKSSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni]=O.[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [Ni]=O.[Mn].[Li] OGCCXYAKZKSSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBDMJGHBCPNRGF-UHFFFAOYSA-M [OH-].[Li+].[O-2].[Mn+2] Chemical compound [OH-].[Li+].[O-2].[Mn+2] FBDMJGHBCPNRGF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011399 aloe vera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lithium cobalt(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Co++].[Ni++] NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CVJYOKLQNGVTIS-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;lithium;titanium(4+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[Ti+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O CVJYOKLQNGVTIS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYWGVEGHKGKUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.C=C.OC(O)=O MYWGVEGHKGKUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000664 lithium aluminum titanium phosphates (LATP) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SBWRUMICILYTAT-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;cobalt(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Co+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O SBWRUMICILYTAT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UVGNJCRLKFTHAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;iron(2+) Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2] UVGNJCRLKFTHAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXGGISJJMPYXGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)iron Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Fe]=O JXGGISJJMPYXGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001317 nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002226 superionic conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for detecting a mobility of lithium ions in an electrolyte, preferably in the electrolyte of an electrochemical cell, in particular a lithium-ion cell.
- the device and the method make it possible to determine to what extent a transport of lithium ions in the electrolyte can take place and how the transport of the lithium ions in the electrolyte can be influenced by further components of the electrochemical cell, in particular by a separator ,
- a disadvantage of the known methods is that they can only be carried out with great expenditure on equipment and require long measuring times. As a rule, all ions present in the electrolyte are also detected, and the movement of the lithium ions is determined only indirectly.
- none of the listed methods can make an immediate prediction of lithium ion mobility in a Li-ion cell because the direct transport of the lithium ions through the separator is not detected. In some cases, all ions present in the electrolyte are also detected here. The movement of the lithium ions contributes only in part to the detectable measurement, which is e.g. can also be influenced by phase boundaries.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method for detecting mobility of lithium ions in an electrolyte as well as a use of the device which at least partially obviates the disadvantages and limitations of the prior art overcome.
- the method and the device should allow a simple and rapid determination of the mobility of lithium ions in an electrolyte, preferably by a quantitative determination of the lithium diffusion constant in the Electrolytes without or under the influence of other constituents of the electrochemical cell, in particular by a separator.
- a separator preferably at least one of the following objects is to be achieved, namely estimation of a value for a lithium diffusion constant in an electrolyte, in particular in an organic electrolyte; and / or determining suitability of separator materials and / or assemblies for electrochemical cells, in particular for lithium-ion cells.
- the terms “having”, “having”, “including” or “including” or any grammatical variations thereof are used in a non-exclusive manner. Accordingly, these terms may refer to situations in which, in addition to the features introduced by these terms, there are no other features or to situations in which one or more other features are present.
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for detecting mobility of lithium ions in an electrolyte.
- the device comprises here
- a volume for receiving an electrolyte the volume being delimited by two opposing first disks and at least one spacer connecting the two first disks, at least one of the first disks having at least partially a lithium electrode on a side surface which can be charged with the electrolyte;
- At least one evaluation unit for determining at least one electrical variable of the at least one lithium electrode, wherein a mobility of lithium ions in the electrolyte from the at least one electrical variable is detectable.
- the device comprises a volume which is adapted to receive an electrolyte.
- volume here refers to a hollow shape which has a space for receiving the electrolyte and, preferably, a separate opening for introduction of the electrolyte into the space, in which case the volume may be closable with regard to filling with the electrolyte.
- the volume may also have an opening provided for filling with the electrolyte, which may remain open, especially if, for example, in one Usually referred to as "glove box" working space, appropriate precautions against leakage of the electrolyte can be taken from the volume.
- the present volume is bounded by two opposing first discs and at least one spacer adapted to interconnect the first two discs.
- the term “disk” here refers to a body which forms a flat or almost flat surface at least on two opposite side surfaces, and instead of the term “disk”, the term “disk” can also be used for this purpose
- At least one of the two first disks comprises a lithium electrode which at least partially, preferably completely covers, a side of the first disk which can be acted upon by the electrolyte
- lithium ions which, in particular when a suitable electrical variable is applied, can emerge from the relevant lithium electrode
- the arrangement of the lithium electrode on the first disk can be achieved such that a surface of the lithium electrolyte which can be acted upon by the electrolyte can be brought into contact with the electrolyte so as to enable determination of the mobility of the lithium ions in the electrolyte ktrode is known exactly.
- lithium electrode in this case relates to a body which can be acted upon by an electrical variable, in particular an electrical voltage and / or an electric current, which has lithium and which, moreover, can have further elements pure lithium metal or a lithium metal alloy, in particular Li-In, Li-Pb or Li-Al, or from materials usable as cathode materials preferably selected from lithium cobalt (III) oxide LiCo0 2 , lithium manganese oxide LiMn 2 0 4 , a Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, lithium cobalt phosphate (LiCoPO 4 ), lithium iron (III) oxide (LiFeO 2 ), lithium iron (II) silicate (Li 2 FeSiO 4 ), lithium manganese dioxide (LiMnO 2 ), lithium-manganese-nickel oxide spinel (Li 2 Mn 3 Ni0 8 or LiMn 2 0 4), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (LiNiö.
- an electrical variable in particular an electrical voltage and / or
- lithium Nickel dioxide LiNiO 2
- LiNii / 3 Mni / 3 Coi / 3 0 2 NMC
- lithium iron phosphate LiFeP0 4 LFP
- materials usable as anode materials preferably selected from lithium, a lithium-aluminum alloy (Al-Li), lithium metatitanate (Li 2 Ti0 3 ), tin (IV) oxide (Sn0 2 ) or lithium titanate spinel Li.iTi 5 O 12 (LTO).
- lithium electrodes with other materials or compositions are also possible.
- At least one of the two lithium electrodes may comprise a material which can be used as a solid electrolyte material, preferably lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (Lii 3 Alo.3Tii.7 (P0 4 ) 3 ) or so-called “Lithium Super Ionic Conductors "(LISICON, Li2 + 2 X Zni- x GE04).
- a material which can be used as a solid electrolyte material preferably lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (Lii 3 Alo.3Tii.7 (P0 4 ) 3 ) or so-called “Lithium Super Ionic Conductors "(LISICON, Li2 + 2 X Zni- x GE04).
- the two first disks comprise the same material, particularly preferably lithium metal.
- the second of the first two disks can deposit or store lithium, for which purpose a non-lithium-containing electrode, which can in particular comprise lead, graphite or stainless steel, can serve. The softness of lead can also assist the sealing advantageous.
- the second of the first two disks is preferably electrically conductive contactable.
- the term "spacer” includes a further body adapted to hold the two separately arranged first disks apart at a distance determined by the shape of the spacer, on the one hand, the distance should not be too small to one On the other hand, the distance should not be too large, in order to be able to determine as accurately as possible the mobility of the lithium ions in as small an amount of electrolyte as possible and one by one
- the spacer may be configured such that the first two disks are spaced apart from one millimeter to one millimeter, preferably from two millimeters, to one another 30 mm, especially preferably from 4 mm to 20 mm.
- the spacer may in this case be designed in the form of a hollow cylinder.
- the term "hollow cylinder” designates an open hollow mold which has a jacket and open side surfaces, whereby the two first disks can be arranged in particular parallel to one another and serve to seal the open side surfaces of the jacket in such a way that the volume
- the spacer may in particular take the form of a ring having a thickness which can be determined over a wide range and a width in the form of the specified distance, but other ways of configuring the spacer are possible.
- the spacer may at least partially, preferably completely, comprise a transparent material.
- the transparent material may preferably be suitable for reading a filling level of the electrolyte in the sealed volume.
- Particularly suitable as the transparent material are glass or quartz or a transparent organic plastic, insofar as it is stable with respect to the lithium electrodes located on the first disks.
- the spacer may further comprise at least one opening for introducing the electrolyte into the volume.
- the opening may in this case preferably be introduced into the lateral surface of the hollow cylinder.
- Other types of embodiment are possible.
- the intended opening can be used in particular for a subsequent filling of the volume after its sealing.
- the opening may be open or, in particular, to prevent leakage of parts of the electrolyte from the volume and to prevent possible interaction of the electrolyte with the environment of the volume, preferably be closable. Volume limiting shapes and materials may be selected to favor bubble-free introduction of the electrolyte into the volume.
- the electrolyte to be characterized by means of the present device may preferably be used in an electrochemical cell.
- electrochemical cell is used in the usual sense and therefore refers to a device for the mutual conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy, in which case the electrochemical cell may comprise at least two electrodes and an electrolyte connecting the two electrodes the electrochemical cell may have further constituents, preferably via a separator which separates the two electrodes from one another.
- the device may further comprise at least one second, at least partially designed as a separator disc.
- the second disk may preferably be arranged between the electrolyte and one of the first disks.
- the electrolyte can first penetrate the separator before it can act on the lithium electrode.
- the electrode which bears directly on the separator is an electrode, which is configured at least partially as a lithium electrode and contacts it in this way is that the lithium ions from the lithium electrode can move through the separator into the electrolyte.
- the at least one second disk which is at least partially designed as a separator, with a diameter which is smaller than the diameter of the first disk, which is at least partially designed as a lithium electrode, but which has the inner diameter of the disk which is preferably designed as a hollow cylinder Spacer exceeds.
- the present device comprises means for sealing the volume by joining the two first discs and the spacer together.
- sealing refers to providing a firm but releasable connection between the first two discs and the spacer, which solid compound may cause the electrolyte to remain in the volume and only upon release of the solid compound
- parts which limit the volume may comprise materials which are preferably inert to constituents of the electrolyte are.
- the means for sealing the volume may comprise two punches.
- the two punches are provided in order to be able to exert a compressive pressure on the boundary of the volume using the first two discs in such a way that the two first discs seal the open side surfaces of the spacer in the form of the sheath in such a way that this results can form a sealed volume for receiving the electrolyte.
- a slight flow ability of lithium when using lithium metal as the lithium electrode can advantageously support the seal.
- the two punches can also ensure the contacting of the first discs to the outside. However, an alternative contacting of the first discs is also possible. Further embodiments of the device for sealing the volume are also possible.
- the provision of the sealed volume with the aid of the first two disks can already be prior to use in the apparatus take place, preferably outside a holder described in more detail below, wherein the volume already sealed with the first two discs can be subsequently inserted into the holder in a second step.
- the spacer and / or the first two discs can be provided in the form of disposable items, in particular so as to facilitate a preparative setup of the measurement.
- At least one third disc may further be provided, which is provided for receiving and for passing on the pressing pressure on one of the two first discs.
- the third pane may in this case comprise a mechanically loadable, electrically conductive material, in particular nickel, copper, lead, noble metal or a noble metal-containing material, or an alloy thereof or steel or stainless steel.
- the use of the third disc may be advantageous because the lithium metal is usually very sticky.
- At least one, introduced between one of the two punches and one of the two third discs spring may be provided.
- the spring can in particular serve to adjust a height of the pressing pressure and to maintain the pressing pressure during the measurement.
- the device may further have a holder.
- holder here refers to a device which is adapted to receive the device or at least a part thereof, in order to give the received parts in this way an increased mechanical stability, whereby in particular a handling of the device by a
- the holder may preferably comprise all or part of the spacer and the means for sealing the volume.
- the holder may have at least one receptacle for receiving further parts of the device, in particular the first two discs and / or, if
- the bracket used herein may be a so-called "Swagelok" structure.
- the present device comprises at least one evaluation unit, which is set up to determine at least one electrical quantity of at least one of the two lithium electrodes.
- the desired mobility of the lithium ions in the electrolyte can be detected from the electrical variable determined by means of the evaluation unit.
- evaluation unit in this case relates to an electronic device which is equipped for data acquisition
- the evaluation unit can be configured in particular in the form of discrete or integrated circuits or a combination thereof.
- ASICs application-specific integrated circuits
- FPGAs field-programmable gate arrays
- FPAAs Field Programmable Analog Arrays
- data processing devices in particular at least one computer, at least one microcomputer and / or at least one
- other components for data acquisition and / or preprocessing of acquired data including AD converters and / or filters, as well as components for storing data, in particular volatile or non-volatile Memory, be provided.
- the evaluation unit can have at least one interface, in particular a wired and / or a wireless connection, for the transmission of data and commands in the form of electrical variables.
- the evaluation unit can in this case also be set up to run at least one computer program, in particular a computer program which is capable of carrying out or supporting at least one step for data acquisition.
- the evaluation unit can be set up, in particular, to execute one or more measuring cycles.
- at least one algorithm can be provided, which is set up to determine the at least one electrical variable of at least one of the two lithium electrodes and to determine therefrom the desired mobility of the lithium ions in the electrolyte.
- Various types of algorithms can be used to determine the desired mobility, for example analytical and / or empirical relationships, wherein further information, such as the distance between the lithium electrodes, can also be considered. Among other things, values from calibration curves can also be included.
- the present invention relates to a method for detecting mobility of lithium ions in an electrolyte. The method comprises at least the following method steps, which successively in the given order or, preferably, at least partially run simultaneously:
- Lithium electrodes by means of an evaluation unit
- the volume provided according to step b) for receiving the electrolyte can be limited by two opposing first disks and at least one spacer connecting the two first disks, at least one of the first disks having at least partially a lithium electrode on a side surface which can be charged with the electrolyte ,
- the electrical quantity with which the at least one lithium electrode is applied according to step c) may preferably be an electrical voltage, i. an electric potential and / or an electric current.
- an electrical current can preferably be impressed on at least one of the lithium electrodes and, simultaneously or subsequently, an electrical voltage, i. an electric potential is detected on at least one of the lithium electrodes according to step d).
- a limiting current and an associated limit voltage or an associated limit potential can be determined for this purpose, which can be used to determine the mobility of the lithium ions in the electrolyte.
- This can be done in particular by an electrochemical cell which has at least one first lithium electrode with a preferably linearly increasing electric current
- the applied electric current may be a dissolution of lithium ions from the first lithium electrode and an at least partial, preferably complete, deposition of the lithium ions in the second Cause the transport of lithium in the electrolyte is rate-limiting, whereby the metrological detection of the lithium transport is possible.
- This type of measurement is assisted in particular by the configuration of the device described in that it provides a sealable volume into which the electrolyte can be filled as free of bubbles as possible and in which effects of the electrodes, eg the type of dissolution or the deposition of the lithium Ions, the electrode surface and diffusion of interfaces, are not rate limiting.
- effects of the electrodes eg the type of dissolution or the deposition of the lithium Ions, the electrode surface and diffusion of interfaces.
- the detection of the mobility of the lithium ions in the electrolyte from the at least one electrical variable according to step e) can be carried out using the evaluation unit according to equations (1) to (6). According to Stokes, for the ion transport in solution the maximum velocity D of a lithium ion can be assumed
- the Li diffusion constant D Li can thus be determined as follows:
- i + designate the limiting current
- k the Boltzmann constant
- T the temperature
- A the electrode surface
- eo the elementary charge
- N the Avogadro constant
- z 1 the charge number of Li +
- c the concentration of Li + , which corresponds approximately to the concentration of the conducting salt
- the present method and the device described are particularly suitable for detecting an actually possible mobility of lithium ions in an electrolyte and / or for detecting a change in the mobility of the lithium ions in the electrolyte under the influence of a separator in an electrochemical cell.
- the proposed apparatus and method have a number of advantages over known prior art devices and methods for detecting mobility of lithium ions in an electrolyte. In particular, they make it possible to determine the lithium movement both in an electrolyte without a separator and in an electrolyte which may be in contact with a separator. As a result, an estimate of the lithium diffusion constant can preferably be determined.
- the present device proposes a simple measuring structure, which can enable a rapid determination of limiting current and voltage, preferably within one hour. In addition, a desired correlation of the measurement results with known, far more complex methods could already be detected in lithium-ion cells.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic exploded view of a preferred device for detecting a mobility of lithium ions in an electrolyte
- Figure 2 is a schematic exploded view of another preferred embodiment
- Apparatus for detecting a mobility of lithium ions in an electrolyte comprising a second, at least partially designed as a separator disk;
- Figure 3A to 3C is a schematic perspective view of another preferred device for detecting a mobility of
- Lithium ions in an electrolyte comprising a holder
- FIG. 4 shows an experimentally determined measurement curve of an electric potential of a lithium electrode when a time-increasing electrical current is applied using an electrolyte
- Figures 5A to 5C experimentally determined traces of an electric potential of a
- Lithium electrode upon application of a time-increasing electric current using an electrolyte and different separators Lithium electrode upon application of a time-increasing electric current using an electrolyte and different separators
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic exploded view of a preferred device 1 10 for detecting a mobility of lithium ions in an electrolyte.
- the present device 110 initially comprises a volume 112, which is set up to receive the electrolyte (not shown).
- the volume 112 is delimited by two opposing first disks 114, 114 'and a spacer 116 connecting the two first disks.
- At least one of the first two disks 114, 114 ' comprises a lithium electrode 118, which is mounted on a side face 120 of the first disk 114, 114' which can be acted upon by the electrolyte or is introduced into the first disk 114, 114 '.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic exploded view of a preferred device 1 10 for detecting a mobility of lithium ions in an electrolyte.
- the present device 110 initially comprises a volume 112, which is set up to receive the electrolyte (not shown).
- the volume 112 is delimited by two opposing first disks
- each first disk 114, 114 'can consist entirely of the lithium electrode 118; however, other types of execution are possible. Regardless of the type of execution can be made possible by the fact that the surface acted upon by the electrolyte on the side surface 120 is precisely known and can be included in the detection of the mobility of the lithium ions in the electrolyte.
- the spacer 116 is designed in the form of a hollow cylinder 122, the two first disks 114, 114 'being arranged parallel to one another in such a way that they can seal off the hollow cylinder 122, which thereby forms a sealed volume 112 can.
- the spacer 116 may partially, preferably completely, comprise a transparent material, which may in particular be suitable for reading a filling level of the electrolyte in the volume 112.
- glass, quartz or a transparent organic plastic, preferably polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) can be used as the transparent material.
- an inside diameter of the spacer 116 which is taken into account in detecting the mobility of lithium ions, may be allowed to be known with sufficient accuracy.
- the spacer is furthermore configured in such a way that the two first disks 114, 114 'can assume a mutual distance of 1 mm to 50 mm, preferably of 3 mm to 25 mm, particularly preferably of 5 mm to 20 mm.
- the distance between the two first disks, of which at least one is designed as a lithium electrode 118, should on the one hand be chosen so large that a too rapid growth of lithium dendrites through the volume 112 can be prevented as much as possible, and on the other hand so low that the most accurate possible determination of the mobility of lithium ions in the smallest possible amount of electrolyte can be carried out without causing a high voltage producible by a too large decency side reactions and thus could influence the measurements to be carried out.
- a thickness of the spacer 116 can be selected within wide limits, which can also influence the size of the volume 112.
- the spacer shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 in the form of the hollow cylinder 122 further has an opening 124, which is designed to introduce the electrolyte into the volume 112 and which may be open or, preferably, closable.
- the electrolyte provided for introduction into the volume 112 can hereby be provided, as further shown in FIG. 1, in a storage vessel 126 which, as shown here, does not need to be part of the device in order to be introduced into the volume 112 as required to be able to.
- another configuration of the spacer 116 is possible.
- the present device 110 further comprises a device 128, which is configured to seal the volume 112 by joining the two first disks 114, 114 'and the spacer 116 together.
- the means 112 for sealing the volume 112 may have two punches 130, 130 '.
- the two stamps 130, 130 ' can in this case be set up in such a way that the volume 112 can be sealed onto the spacer 116 by exerting a pressing pressure by means of the two first disks 114, 114'.
- the means 112 for sealing the volume 112 further comprises two third discs 132, 132 ', which are arranged to receive and transmit the pressing pressure on one of the two first discs 114, 114', and one between the punch 130 and the third disc 132 introduced spring 134, which allows adjustment of a height of the pressing pressure.
- the third disks 132, 132 'shown here are designed in the form of nickel plates.
- the means 112 for sealing the volume 112 may also have an arrangement other than that shown in FIG. 1 and / or materials other than those listed.
- the present device 110 further comprises an evaluation unit 136, shown schematically, which is set up for determining at least one electrical quantity of at least one of the two lithium electrodes 118 and for detecting the mobility of the lithium ions in the electrolyte from the at least one electrical variable.
- the evaluation unit 136 shown here in each case has a line interface 138, which is set up for the transmission of electrical quantities of the two first disks 114, 114 '.
- a wireless connection may also be provided between the evaluation unit 136 and the first two disks 114, 114 '.
- the evaluation unit 136 illustrated by way of example is a computer 140, which is capable of running at least one computer program that can execute or support one or more measurement cycles for data acquisition, is set up.
- the computer program may comprise at least one algorithm which determines the at least one electrical variable of at least one of the two lithium electrodes 118 and from this determines the desired mobility of the lithium ions in the electrolyte.
- different types of algorithms can be used for this purpose, eg analytical and / or empirical relationships, and further information, such as the mutual distance of the lithium electrodes 118 or values from calibration curves, are taken into account.
- a keyboard 142 can serve to operate the evaluation unit 136, while the results determined by the evaluation unit 136 can be displayed in a monitor 144.
- other types of embodiment of the evaluation are possible.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows an exploded view of another preferred device 110 for detecting the mobility of lithium ions in an electrolyte.
- the device 110 shown in Figure 2 largely corresponds to the device 110 of Figure 1, but also has a second disc 146, which, as the arrow used symbolically, between the electrolyte in the volume 112 and one of the two, at least partially Lithium electrode 118 configured first disc 114 can be introduced. Instead of the first disk 114, the first disk 114 'can serve this purpose as well.
- the second disc 146 is at least partially designed as a separator 148 and optionally makes it possible to detect a possible influence of the separator 148 on the mobility of the lithium ions in the electrolyte.
- the electrolyte can first penetrate the separator 148 before it can act on the lithium electrode 118.
- the device 110 can thus be used, in particular, to determine the suitability of materials as a separator 148 for use in a lithium-ion cell.
- the second 146 at least partially designed as a separator 148 disc having a smaller diameter than the first, at least partially configured as lithium electrode 118 discs 114, 114 'and with a larger diameter than an inner diameter of the hollow cylinder 122 formed as a spacer 116 to design, in particular to reliably seal the thus formed volume 112.
- FIGS. 3A to 3C each schematically show a perspective view of another preferred device 110 for detecting the mobility of lithium ions in an electrolyte.
- the device 110 illustrated in FIGS. 3A to 3C largely corresponds to the devices 110 according to FIGS. 1 and 2, wherein parts of the device are introduced into a holder 150. While FIGS. 3A and 3B show a cross section through the device 110, FIG. 3C illustrates the device 110 With the holder 150 closed, the holder can, as shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, have a closure device 152 for opening and closing the holder 150. As shown in FIGS.
- the holder 150 may be a so-called "Swagelok" structure which can receive the device 110 in such a way that the device 110 thus has the highest possible mechanical stability, in particular to facilitate handling of the device 1 10 by a user, for example with regard to safe filling and storage of the electrolyte in the volume 1 12 and / or to a simple interchangeability of the first two discs 1 14, 1 14 ', which in each case include a lithium electrode 1 18, and / or, if desired, the second disc 146 having the separator 148.
- the holder 150 may include the spacer 16, the sealing means 128 for this purpose of the volume 1 12 and the storage vessel 126 which are integrated in the holder 150.
- FIG. 4 shows an experimentally determined measurement curve 154 of an electrical potential U of a lithium electrode 1 18 upon application of a time-increasing electrical current / using a selected electrolyte.
- the electrical potential U in volts [V] and the electric current / amperes [A] are given.
- a time-increasing electric current I was applied, with the following slopes were selected ß:
- ⁇ 1 mA s "1 at a determined electrical potential U up to 1 V
- ⁇ 20 ⁇ s " 1 at a determined electrical potential U up to 10 V.
- lithium metal was used for cathode and anode.
- the transport of lithium ions through the electrolyte can collapse in such a way that as a consequence the determined electrical potential U can increase significantly.
- This type of determination of the limiting current I GT and the associated electrical potential Uo r can be carried out with a plurality of electrolytes, wherein the device 110 may in each case be provided with a separator 148 or not.
- Tables 1A, 1B and 2 below show results from measurements on various samples.
- samples 1 to 8 used in Tables 1A and 1B propylene carbonate (PC) + LTFSi having various concentrations according to column 2 was used as the electrolyte.
- the respective specified electrolytes were used.
- the mobility of the lithium ions in the electrolytes was recorded by the method according to the invention and compared with data from the literature and with measurements by means of 7 Li NMR spectroscopy. It follows that the values obtained are at least of the same order of magnitude.
- LiTFSI lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide IUP AC name:
- Lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) azanide CAS number: 90076-65-6
- FIGS. 5A to 5C respectively show experimentally determined measurement curves 156, 156 ', 156 "for the electric potential U [V] of a lithium electrode 118 when applying a time-increasing electrical current I [A] using an electrolyte and different separators SEP-A, SEP-B, SEP-C, for example, to investigate the mobility of the lithium ions in the presence of different separators.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017218989.4A DE102017218989B3 (de) | 2017-10-24 | 2017-10-24 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erfassung einer Beweglichkeit von Lithium-Ionen in einem Elektrolyten |
| PCT/EP2018/078990 WO2019081482A1 (de) | 2017-10-24 | 2018-10-23 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur erfassung einer beweglichkeit von lithium-ionen in einem elektrolyten |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3701256A1 true EP3701256A1 (de) | 2020-09-02 |
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ID=64049161
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18795420.1A Withdrawn EP3701256A1 (de) | 2017-10-24 | 2018-10-23 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur erfassung einer beweglichkeit von lithium-ionen in einem elektrolyten |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3701256A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102017218989B3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2019081482A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116338279A (zh) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-06-27 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 极化电势确定方法、电解液离子迁移数测试方法和装置 |
-
2017
- 2017-10-24 DE DE102017218989.4A patent/DE102017218989B3/de active Active
-
2018
- 2018-10-23 EP EP18795420.1A patent/EP3701256A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-10-23 WO PCT/EP2018/078990 patent/WO2019081482A1/de not_active Ceased
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116338279A (zh) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-06-27 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 极化电势确定方法、电解液离子迁移数测试方法和装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102017218989B3 (de) | 2019-03-14 |
| WO2019081482A1 (de) | 2019-05-02 |
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