EP3697395A1

EP3697395A1 - Preventing crystallization of active ingredients in transdermal delivery systems

Info

Publication number: EP3697395A1
Application number: EP18792908.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Stefanie RODLER; Sonja GRASSER; Claudia Raffauf; Martina KESSLER; Susanne Lang; Verena SONNTAG
Original assignee: AMW GmbH
Current assignee: AMW GmbH
Priority date: 2017-10-20
Filing date: 2018-10-19
Publication date: 2020-08-26
Also published as: WO2019077118A1; WO2019077117A1; DE102018120505A1; US20210154154A1; US20200289479A1; EP3697396A1; DE102018120506A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a transdermal delivery system (TDS) comprising at least one active ingredient, said active ingredient being in a nonaqueous matrix which has a reduced moisture content. The invention further relates to a process for manufacturing the TDS of the invention as well as to the use of the TDS of the invention.

Description

Prevention of the crystallization of active substances

in transdermal delivery systems

The present invention relates to a transdermal delivery system (TDS) comprising at least one active ingredient, wherein the active ingredient is present in a nonaqueous matrix, and wherein the nonaqueous matrix has a reduced moisture content. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing the TDS according to the invention and to the use of the TDS according to the invention. The transdermal administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients is particularly useful when after oral administration, a large proportion of active substance in the first passage through the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract is metabolized or retained by the liver (first-pass effect) and / or when the drug has a low plasma half-life. The transdermal delivery system (syn. Transdermal therapeutic system, TTS) is adhered to the skin and releases the active ingredient, which is then absorbed through the skin. In this case, the transdermal administration requires that the dosage form used allows the most uniform and controlled release of the active ingredient over a longer period of time. In order to ensure a sufficiently high plasma level or to bring about a desired therapeutic effect, as high as possible active substance release rates should be achieved on or through the skin in general. The drug release rate depends on the one hand on the permeability properties of the skin for a particular active ingredient and on the other hand on the concentration of the active ingredient in the matrix of the transdermal therapeutic system. The permeability properties of the skin can usually be improved by so-called permeation enhancers. Therefore, to improve the drug delivery rate, it is common to increase the drug concentration in the drug reservoir until the saturation concentration is reached or even exceeded, thereby increasing the thermodynamic activity of the drug.

However, such an increased saturation concentration has the consequence that it can easily come to recrystallization of the drug in the drug matrix during storage or during the period of application due to the at least temporarily exceeding the saturation concentration. Due to the recrystallization, the thermodynamic activity of the drug decreases sharply and, as a consequence, also the rate of drug release. Therefore, various systems have been proposed in the prior art, with which high drug concentrations in the matrix of a patch can be achieved and at the same time the recrystallization of the drug is to be prevented. For example, from US 4,624,665 A transdermal systems are known which contain the drug in the reservoir in microencapsulated form. The construction and production of this system is very complex, since the active ingredient must be microencapsulated and homogeneously distributed in a liquid phase, which is embedded in further work steps between the backing layer and membrane of the TTS.

EP 0 186 019 A1 describes active substance patches in which swellable polymers are added to a rubber / adhesive resin mass in water, from which the active substance can be released. However, it has been found that the release of the drug from these drug patches is much too low and does not meet the therapeutic requirements.

DE 39 33 460 A1 describes active ingredient patches based on homopolymers and copolymers with at least one derivative of acrylic or methacrylic acid which are additionally intended to contain substances swellable in water. DE 195 00 662 A1 describes a transdermal therapeutic system with an active ingredient reservoir based on ethyl cellulose with a high proportion of rosin esters as a tackifying-making resin, which is intended to counteract a recrystallization of the active ingredient and thus reduce its release rate. It is therefore an object of the present invention to prevent the crystallization of drugs in non-aqueous matrix, especially in transdermal therapeutic systems. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a process for the preparation of TDS with a drug-containing matrix on a non-aqueous basis in order to prevent the crystallization of the active ingredient in the matrix.

This object is achieved by a TDS with a drug-containing matrix on a non-aqueous basis, according to claim 1, and by a method for producing the TDS according to the invention according to claim 9. Furthermore, the object is achieved by a composition according to the invention for use according to claim 13. The present invention therefore relates to a transdermal therapeutic system comprising

(i) at least one active ingredient in at least one nonaqueous based matrix, and

(ii) a backing layer,

wherein the active ingredient-containing matrix on a non-aqueous basis, a water content of less than 2 wt .-%, in particular less than 1 wt .-%, having. The transdermal therapeutic system according to the invention has a reduced moisture content, in particular a reduced water content, and thus advantageously exhibits improved stability with regard to recrystallization of the active ingredient.

The moisture content, in particular the water content, of the TDS according to the invention in the matrix on a non-aqueous basis is essential for preventing or at least delaying the recrystallization of the active ingredient. According to the invention, the TDS therefore has a water content in the dried matrix of up to about 2 wt .-%, preferably of up to about 1 wt .-%, particularly preferably of up to about 0.75 wt .-%, in particular up to about 0.5 wt .-%, particularly preferably up to about 0.2 wt .-% to.

Advantageously, a TDS of the invention may be stored at a preferred temperature of at least about 5 ° C. Preferably, the temperature for storage of the TDS of the present invention is from about 5 ° C up to about 25 ° C or at a temperature from about 5 ° C up to about 30 ° C or at a temperature from about 5 ° C up to about 40 ° C, without causing a significant proportion of the active ingredient crystallized out.

Thus, for example, the composition according to the invention can be stored for several months or even years at room temperature, without any significant proportion of the active ingredient crystallizing out. Therefore, even after storage for several months or years, the TDS according to the invention shows a reproducible and controlled release of the active substance onto or through the skin. This is particularly relevant for the use of the composition according to the invention in dosage forms such as transdermal therapeutic systems in which delivery of the active substance from a crystal form is substantially delayed or reduced, for which reason effective therapy can not be guaranteed. In its simplest embodiment, the transdermal therapeutic systems according to the invention comprise a backing layer, at least one non-aqueous matrix active substance layer, which is arranged horizontally in the TDS and with which the TTS is applied to the skin, and an optional protective layer, which is present on the active substance-containing non-aqueous matrix layer. aqueous matrix is applied and removed before application of the TTS.

A matrix on a nonaqueous basis or under a nonaqueous matrix in the sense of the invention is to be understood as meaning a matrix or a plurality of matrices whose constituents, in particular their polymers, consist on a nonaqueous basis. The active substance-containing matrix layer is preferably self-adhesive on a non-aqueous basis. In the following, the term "nonaqueous based matrix" is used synonymously with the term "nonaqueous matrix".

However, the present invention also encompasses TTS with a more complex construction, such as with two or more matrix layers of different composition and adhesiveness.

The side of the TDS, generally intended for application to a skin or in contact with the skin, is referred to as the application side. For this purpose, the application side can be designed to have a pressure-sensitive adhesive over the whole area, for example by the active substance-containing nonaqueous matrix itself being coated over the entire surface by adhesive bonding or with a self-adhesive or only by adhesive pressure over part of the area.

The TDS according to the invention advantageously comprises a matrix-forming polymer system or a non-aqueous-based polymer mixture which contains a pharmaceutical active substance. The polymer forming the matrix or the polymer mixture on a non-aqueous basis is not fundamentally determinative of the present invention, but some polymers are better than others. Examples of suitable matrix-forming polymers here include polybutenes or polyisobutylenes, polyacrylates, polysiloxanes, block copolymers such as styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers, silicones and mixtures thereof. The transdermal therapeutic systems according to the invention are suitable for the administration of basically all active ingredients or combinations of active substances. An active substance in the context of the present invention is understood to be a pharmaceutically active substance or a cosmetic active ingredient and / or an additive and / or a nutrient or a dietary supplement.

The transdermal therapeutic system according to the invention releases the active ingredient from the non-aqueous active ingredient-containing matrix to the skin, wherein at least part of the active ingredient can be absorbed systemically. The transdermal therapeutic system can therefore also be used for the dermal delivery of an active substance, for example for local anesthetics, for antibiotic treatment or for the treatment of benign or malignant skin phenomena. The active ingredients may be present in various forms in the non-aqueous based matrix, depending on which form gives the optimal release property of the active ingredient from the TDS or non-aqueous matrix. In the case of pharmaceutically active substances, these may be in the form of the free base or acid or in the form of salts, esters, hydrates or other pharmacologically acceptable derivatives or as components of molecular complexes.

The absolute amount of drug contained in the patch generally determines the length of time in which continuous delivery of the drug to or into the organism is maintained. Therefore, as high a loading of the non-aqueous matrix with active ingredients is desirable when the application time of a patch is long, ie, several days to a week. However, a transdermal therapeutic system according to the invention is preferably used for an application period of two to seven days, in particular for an application period of three days. The present invention thus also relates to the medical, veterinary and / or cosmetic use of the patch according to the invention for delivery of active ingredients to and optionally through the skin of a human or animal body and / or to an environment around the plaster. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing a TDS according to the invention, the method comprising the following steps: (i) providing a non-aqueous based active substance-containing matrix,

(ii) optionally applying the non-aqueous based drug-containing matrix to a protective film to obtain a non-aqueous based drug-containing matrix laminate;

(iii) optionally drying the laminate comprising the active ingredient-containing matrix on a non-aqueous basis,

(iv) optionally punching transdermal therapeutic systems to obtain sheeted drug cores,

(v) optionally packaging transdermal therapeutic systems,

(vi) tempering the non-aqueous based drug-containing matrix and / or the laminate and / or the punched transdermal therapeutic systems and / or the packaged transdermal therapeutic systems.

Provision is understood to mean both an on-site production and a delivery of a matrix containing active ingredient on a non-aqueous basis. In this case, a non-aqueous active substance-containing matrix may already be provided with a protective film covering the application side of the non-aqueous active substance-containing matrix, which may remain on the latter during production or optionally be replaced by an alternative protective film in one or more production steps. Tempering is understood as meaning a heating of the active ingredient-containing matrix and / or the laminate and / or the punched transdermal therapeutic systems and / or the packaged transdermal therapeutic systems to a moderately warm, well-tuned temperature at which the active substance-containing matrix or the active substance itself does not change adversely, for example undergoes no substantial physico-chemical change and / or crystallization of the active ingredient is brought about. Preferably, a temperature of the punched transdermal therapeutic systems and / or the packaged transdermal therapeutic systems.

According to a preferred embodiment, planar drug cores, z. Example, drug-containing matrix cores, before or after application to a protective film from the laminate with a drug-containing non-aqueous matrix punched and subjected to the further manufacturing process of the invention. Under a drug core is In this case, a two-dimensional active substance-containing matrix which advantageously comprises a backing layer or a protective film on its back side and / or on its application side and which is cut, in particular punched, from the above-mentioned active substance-containing laminate by means of a cutting tool, in particular a punching tool. Particular preference is given to laminating active substance cores from a laminate which comprises the active substance-containing nonaqueous matrix and a protective film.

Finally, the present invention comprises a transdermal therapeutic system obtainable by a method as described above.

Further particularly advantageous refinements and developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description, wherein the claims of a particular category can also be developed according to the dependent claims of another category and features of different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments.

According to a preferred embodiment, the transdermal delivery system further comprises an additional active substance-free or active substance-containing, but particularly preferably an active substance-containing application layer. In particular, an active substance-containing application layer comprises a matrix on a non-aqueous basis with preferably pressure-sensitive adhesive properties.

However, as noted above, not all layers of the transdermal therapeutic system of the present invention need to contain an active ingredient, but the TDS may have one or more drug-free layers in addition to at least one or two drug-containing non-aqueous matrix layers.

A matrix layer of a TDS according to the invention, particularly preferably a second active substance-containing matrix on a nonaqueous basis, may be advantageously separated from the first matrix on a nonaqueous basis by a control membrane applied between the first and the second matrix. Thus, for example, a first active ingredient-containing nonaqueous matrix facing the backing layer can be separated by a control membrane from a second active ingredient-containing application layer, which in turn is preferably designed to be self-adhesive. In a corresponding preferred preparation process, a control membrane is introduced between the matrix on a nonaqueous basis and an active substance-containing or active substance-free application layer. Such a control membrane may be hydrophobic or hydrophilic. In particular, however, such a control membrane is made hydrophobic. A drug diffusion is made possible by pores in the control membrane, which has a pore diameter of preferably at least about 0.05 μηι, more preferably of at least about 0.075 μηι, in particular of at least about 0.1 μηι having. A preferred control membrane has pores with a pore diameter of up to about 0.5 μηι, more preferably of up to about 0.25 μηι, in particular of up to about 0.2 μηι on.

In particular, a preferred control membrane is based on a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, olefin copolymers, polyesters, co-polyesters, polyamides, co-polyamides, polyurethanes, and the like. As examples of suitable materials can be mentioned polyesters and of these, in particular polyethylene terephthalates and polycarbonates, polyolefins such. As polyethylenes, polypropylenes or polybutylenes, polyethylene oxides, polyurethanes, polystyrenes, polyamides, polyimides, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl chlorides, polyvinylidene chlorides, co-polymers, such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymers, or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers. A particularly preferred control membrane comprises a polypropylene and can be purchased, for example, under the name Celgard from the company Azelis (Germany).

In a further preferred embodiment, at least one non-aqueous matrix of a transdermal delivery system according to the invention comprises a mineral oil content, more preferably a second or further non-aqueous matrix comprises a mineral oil content, the mineral oil content in the first and the second or further matrix may be the same or different. Thus, a transdermal delivery system in a first matrix preferably has a mineral oil content of at least about 25% by weight and / or at most up to about 40% by weight and / or a second matrix preferably has a mineral oil content of at least about 35% by weight .-% and / or at most up to about 50 wt .-% have. A suitable mineral oil is commercially available, for example, under the name Klearol from Sonneborn (Netherlands). As a further component, a preferred TDS according to the invention may comprise at least one nonaqueous based matrix, preferably also a second nonaqueous based matrix containing silica. An advantageous content of silicon dioxide in the first matrix on a non-aqueous basis, preferably also in the second matrix on a non-aqueous basis, is preferably at least about 1% by weight, more preferably at least about 2.5% by weight. %. At most, a preferred level of silica in the first matrix is on a nonaqueous basis, preferably also in the second, nonaqueous based matrix at up to about 10 wt%, more preferably up to about 7.5 wt%. %, in particular about 5 wt .-%. In particular, the silica has hydrophilic properties. Such silicon dioxide, for example, under the name Aerosil ^® 200 Pharma from Evonik Degussa (Germany) commercially available. Another preferred ingredient of the matrix in a non-aqueous base comprises a polyvinylpyrrolidone, in particular a crospovidone (Ph.Eur. 7th Edition Supplement 7.4, Type B) or copovidone, which, for example, under the name Kollidon ^® CL-M or Kollidon ^® VA64 of BASF (Germany) and can be obtained from the company BTC Europe (Germany).

The polymer forming the at least one matrix on a non-aqueous basis or the polymer systems of the TDS according to the invention can in principle be designed to be pressure-sensitive or non-adhesive. However, the polymer or the polymer systems preferably have pressure-sensitive adhesive properties.

The polymer or the polymer mixture preferably comprises polybutylenes or polyisobutylenes and mixtures thereof, for example mixtures of polybutylenes or polyisobutylenes of different molecular weight (MW). It is not excluded that such a mixture also comprises one or more polymers of polybutylene or polyisobutylene, which in particular may have a molecular weight in the range mentioned above. Finally, a first and / or second polyisobutylene polymer may be partially or completely replaced by a first and / or second polybutene or polybutylene. Thus, a preferred blend of polybutylene polymer or polyisobutylene polymers has a first polyisobutylene having a molecular weight of at least about 20,000 g / mol and / or at most about 100,000 g / mol and / or a second polyisobutylene having a molecular weight of at least about 500,000 g / mol and / or of at most about 3500,000 g / mol. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, such a polymer mixture comprises at least two polybutylene polymers or polyisobutylene polymers, wherein a first of the at least two polybutylene or polyisobutylene polymers preferably has a molecular weight of at least about 30,000 g / mol, particularly preferably about 35,000 g / mol; at most, a first of the at least two polybutylene or polyisobutylene polymers has a molecular weight of up to about 45,000 g / mol.

A second polybutylene or polyisobutylene polymer preferably has a molecular weight of at least about 800,000 g / mol and / or at most about 1,200,000 g / mol. The ratio of a first polybutylene or polyisobutylene polymer and a second polybutylene or polyisobutylene polymer is preferably at least about 0.75 to about 1, particularly preferably at least about 1 to about 1, in particular about 1.25 to about 1. At most, a preferred ratio is up to about 2 to about 1, more preferably up to about 1.5 to about 1, more preferably up to about 1.4 to about 1. In particular, a TDS with such a polymer blend comprises an active ingredient the class of antiemetics, more preferably a tropane alkaloid, in particular scopolamine. According to a further preferred embodiment, a polymer mixture preferably comprises at least two polybutylene or polyisobutylene polymers, wherein a first of the at least two polybutylene or polyisobutylene polymers preferably has a molecular weight of at least about 30,000 g / mol, particularly preferably about 35,000 g / mol. mol; at most, a first of the at least two polybutylene or polyisobutylene polymers has a molecular weight of up to about 45,000 g / mol. A second polybutylene or polyisobutylene preferably has a molecular weight of at least about 800,000 g / mol and / or at most about 1,200,000 g / mol. In a further preferred embodiment, the ratio of a first polyisobutylene and / or polybutene polymer and a second polyisobutylene and / or polybutene polymer is up to about 9 to about 0.1, more preferably up to about 7 to about 0 , 5, in particular up to about 6 to about 1. In particular, a TDS comprising such a polymer mixture comprises an active substance from the class of dopamine agonists, particularly preferably from the class of D ₂ agonists and ergot alkaloid derivatives, in particular from rotigotine, pramipexole, ropinirole, cabergoline and / or lisuride, particularly preferably from rotigotine. To prevent migration of drug from the matrix on a non-aqueous basis, a preferred transdermal delivery system advantageously has an occlusive backing layer. As backing layers of a TDS according to the invention usually so-called backing foils of for example polyester with a thickness, preferably of at least about 5 μηι, more preferably of at least about 10 μηι, in particular of at least about 20 μηι, particularly preferably of at least about 30 μηι used. At most, a backing film of, for example, polyester has a thickness of preferably up to about 200 μm, particularly preferably up to about 150 μm, in particular of up to about 100 μm, particularly preferably of up to about 50 μm, most preferably of up to about 40 μηι, on. Such backing films are flexible and can possibly be placed around the edges of the matrix layer, ie around the laterally oriented side surfaces of the active substance-containing matrix and cover it. Preferably, a backing layer, in particular an occlusive backing layer, is based on a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, olefin copolymers, polyesters, co-polyesters, polyamides, co-polyamides, polyurethanes, and the like. As examples of suitable materials, polyesters and especially polyethylene terephthalates (PET) as well as polycarbonates may be mentioned, polyolefins such as e.g. As polyethylenes, polypropylenes or polybutylenes, polyethylene oxides, polyurethanes, polystyrenes, polyamides, polyimides, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl chlorides, polyvinylidene chlorides, co-polymers, such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymers, or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers. A preferred material of a backing layer is selected from a polyester, more preferably from a polyethylene terephthalate. Such a backing layer can be purchased, for example, under the name Scotchpak 1 109 from 3M (USA).

A back layer of a TDS according to the invention may also comprise a cover layer or an overtape, which protrudes laterally over the edges of the at least one active substance-containing matrix on a non-aqueous basis and thus can facilitate an improved adhesion of the TDS according to the invention to the skin. A preferred cover layer or a preferred overtape is formed occlusively.

The overtape can be multilayered. In particular, an overtape comprises an active ingredient-free adhesive layer and an overtape film, wherein an overtape film preferably comprises a polymer selected from the group of polyolefins, olefin copolymers, polyesters, co-polyesters, polyamides, co-polyamides, polyurethanes and the like. When Examples of suitable materials can be polyesters and of these in particular polyethylene terephthalates and also polycarbonates, polyolefins such as. As polyethylenes, polypropylenes or polybutylenes, polyethylene oxides, polyurethanes, polystyrenes, polyamides, polyimides, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl chlorides, polyvinylidene chlorides, co-polymers, such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymers, or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers are called. A preferred material of an overtape is selected from a polyester, more preferably from a polyethylene terephthalate.

Insofar as a transdermal application system does not comprise an overtape or an overtape merely serves to protect against a cold flow of the active ingredient-containing matrix, a preferred matrix of the TDS according to the invention is pressure-sensitive, at least on its application side. This ensures a continuous contact of the application side with the skin and thus a continuous release of active ingredient to or through the skin of a user.

In one embodiment of the TTS according to the invention, as mentioned above, the active ingredient-containing matrix may be covered on a non-aqueous basis or an active substance-containing or drug-free application layer with a peelable protective film referred to in the jargon as Releaseliner. When the TTS is stored, this effectively protects the active substance-containing matrix or the application layer from mechanical influences and / or undesired admission of air. Preventing unwanted entry of air prevents decomposition of active substances contained in the matrix, in particular of oxygen-sensitive active substances, and thus improves the long-term stability of the plaster (in the following the TTS is also referred to as plaster). For application of the patch is then removed before attaching the system on the skin first, the protective film of the plaster. For better gripping and thereby to facilitate detachment of the protective film, the protective film protrudes over advantageous patches over the edge of the remaining plaster. Embodiments of the invention of a transdermal therapeutic system include, as mentioned, a non-aqueous based drug delivery matrix containing at least one drug. According to a preferred embodiment, the active ingredient is dispersed in the form of a solution in the dried matrix on a non-aqueous basis or in the matrix-forming polymer or the polymer mixture on a non-aqueous basis. According to a further preferred embodiment, the active ingredient is also present in a non-dried matrix on a non-aqueous basis, that is, for example, in a coating solution containing active ingredient, in the form of a solution. For the purposes of the present invention, a solution is understood as meaning a mixture of a solvent and a solvate, wherein the solvate may be molecularly disperse, ie may have a particle size of less than 1 nm. Furthermore, a solution can also colloidally disperse dissolved particles having a size in the range of 1 nm to 1 μηη and / or coarsely disperse dissolved particles having a size of about 1 μηη.

According to a preferred method, therefore, the active ingredient used for the preparation of the active ingredient-containing matrix is used in the form of a solution. In particular, a drug solution is used which has been previously dried so as to reduce the water content of the drug solution. Such drying may preferably be carried out at a temperature of at least about 60 ° C and at most about 70 ° C, preferably over a period of at least about 1 hour and at most about 5 hours, so that the dried drug solution advantageously has a water content in the range of less than about 0.5 weight percent, more preferably less than about 0.2 weight percent, more preferably less than about 0.1 weight percent, most preferably less than about 0.05 weight percent. Suitable methods for determining the water content are known to the person skilled in the art. For example, a determination of the water content can be made by Karl Fischer titration.

With the aid of the method according to the invention, it is thus possible to produce a preferred active substance-containing matrix on a non-aqueous basis and / or a laminate and / or a transdermal therapeutic system, in particular a transdermal therapeutic system, which has a water content in the dried and tempered matrix of up to about 2% by weight, preferably up to about 1% by weight, more preferably up to about 0.75% by weight, in particular up to about 0.5% by weight, most preferably from up to about 0.2% by weight (measured by Karl Fischer titration).

Depending on the desired delivery rate, application time and / or application, a preferred TDS according to the invention may, as mentioned, comprise more than one active substance-containing matrix on a nonaqueous basis, wherein the active ingredients used may be identical or different and may be present in different concentrations.

Thus, for example, a first matrix layer of a preferred TDS according to the invention contain one hormone from the group of estrogens and a second or further matrix layer a hormone from the group of progestins. Of course, also agents of different classes, such as an antiemetic in a first matrix layer and an opioid in a second or further matrix layer of the TTS invention be included. Alternatively, for example, an antiemetic such as scopolamine may be contained in a first matrix layer and a caffeine in a second matrix layer. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, however, the TTS according to the invention contains only one active ingredient, which is preferably selected from an antiemetic, more preferably from a tropane alkaloid, especially from scopolamine.

A particularly preferred embodiment comprises a first scopolamine-containing matrix on a non-aqueous basis and a second scopolamine-containing matrix on a non-aqueous basis, wherein the first and the second matrix layer are particularly preferably separated from one another by a control membrane.

In particular, the present invention encompasses a transdermal therapeutic system for use in the treatment of motion sickness. The treatment of motion sickness preferably takes place over an application period of one day to seven days, particularly preferably of up to three days.

Further particularly suitable active substances are selected from the class of dopamine agonists, more preferably from the class of D ₂ agonists and the ergot alkaloid derivatives, in particular from rotigotine, pramipexole, ropinirole, cabergoline and / or lisuride. Such a transdermal therapeutic system is particularly useful in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, idiopathic restless leg syndrome, amenorrhea, acromegaly, and hyperprolactinemia.

Also particularly suitable active ingredients include anti-dementia drugs, such as rivastigmine, donezepil, galantamine, memantine, in particular rivastigmine, such a TDS for the treatment of dementia, especially for the treatment of brain disorders, such as memory impairment and concentration and thinking ability, applies. However, such TDSs can also be used in the onset of dementia with personality changes such as mistrust, anxiety, or depressive mood. In particular, TDS can be used to treat Alzheimer's disease. Finally, particularly suitable active ingredients also include the class of analgesics and sedatives, more preferably opioids, such as buprenorphine, fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil and remifentanil, such TDS being preferred for the treatment of pain and / or analgesic sedation.

Other suitable active compounds which may be present in the TDS according to the invention are selected from: 1. Cardiac active medicaments, for example, organic nitrates such as nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate and isosorbide mononitrate, quinidine sulfate, procainamide, thiazides such as bendroflumethiazide, chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide, nifedipine, nicardipine, adrenergic blocking agents such as timolol and propranolol, verapamil, diltiazem, captopril, clonidine and prazosine;

2. androgenic steroids, such as testosterone, methyltestosterone and fluoxymesterone;

3. Estrogens such as conjugated estrogens, esterified estrogens, estropipate, 17β-estradiol, 17β-estradiol valerate, equilin, mestranol, estrone, estriol, 17β-ethinylestradiol and diethylstibestrol;

4. progestogens such as progesterone, 19-norprogesterone, norethindrone, norethindrone acetate, chlormadinone, ethisterone, etonogestrel, medroxyprogesterone acetate, hydroxyprogesterone caproate, norethynodrel, norelgestromin, 17a-hydroxyprogesterone, dydrogesterone, dimethisterone, ethinylestrenol, norgestrel, demegestone, promegestone and megestrol acetate;

5. Central nervous system medications, for example sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics, analgesics and anesthetics, such as naloxone, haloperidol, fluphenazine, pentobarbital, phenabarbital, secobarbital, codeine, lidocaine, tetracaine, dibucaine, cocaine, procaine, mepivacaine, bupivacaine , Etidocaine, prilocaine, benzocaine, tapentadol and nicotine;

6. Nutrients and nutritional supplements, such as vitamins, essential amino acids and essential fats; 7. Antiinflammatory agents such as hydrocortisone, cortisone, dexamethasone, fluocinolone, triamcinolone, prednisolone, flurandrenolide, methylprednisolone, prednisone, methylprednisolone, corticosterone, paramethasone, betamethasone, ibuprofen, naproxen, fenoprofen, fenbufen, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen, suprofen, indomethacin, piroxicam Aspirin, salicylic acid, diflunisal, methyl salicylate, phenylbutazone, sulindac, mefenamic acid, tolmetin and the like;

8. Antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, perphenazine, triprolidine, pyrilamine, chlorcyclizine, promethazine, carbinoxamine, tripelennamine, bromopheniramine,

Clorprenalin, terfenadine and chlorpheniramine;

9. Respiratory agents such as theophylline and β-adrenergic agonists such as albuterol, terbutaline, metaproterenol, ritodrine, carbuterol, fenoterol, chinterenol, rimiterol, solmefamol, solerenal and tetroquinol;

10. sympathomimetics and parasympathomimetics such as dopamine, norepinephrine, phenylpropanolamine, phenylephrine, physostigmine, pseudoephedrine, amphetamine, propylhexedrine and epinephrine;

1 1. Miotics, such as pilocarpine and the like;

12. cholinergic agonists such as choline, acetylcholine, methacholine, carbachol, bethanechol, pilocarpine, muscarine and arecoline;

13. Antimuscarinic or muscarinic cholinergic antidotes, such as atropine, methscopolamine, homatropine methyl bromide, methantheline, cyclopentolate, tropicamide, propantheline, dicyclomine and eucatropine; 14. mydriatics such as atropine, cydoperitolate and hydroxyamphetamine;

15. psychoanaleptics such as 3- (2-aminopropyl) indole, 3- (2-aminobutyl) indole and the like;

16. Anti-infective agents, such as antibiotics, including penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulfacetamide, sulfamethazine, sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethizole and

sulfisoxazole; antiviral agents; antibacterial agents such as erythromycin and clarithromycin, and other anti-infective agents including nitrofurazone and the like; 17. dermatological agents, such as vitamin A and vitamin E;

18. Humoral agents, such as natural and synthetic prostaglandins, for example PGE1, PGE2a and PGF2a and the PGEr analogue misoprostol;

19. antispasmodics, such as atropine, methantheline, papaverine and methscapolamine;

20. Antidepressants, such as isocarboxazid, phenelzine, tranylcypromine, imipramine, amitriptyline, trimipramine, doxepin, desipramine, nortriptyline, protriptyline, amoxapine, and maprotiline

trazodone;

21. Antidiabetics, such as insulin, and anticancer drugs, such as tamoxifen and methotrexate; Anorexics such as dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine, phenylpropanolamine, fenfluramine, diethylpropion, mazindol and phentermine;

23. Antiallergic agents, such as antazoline, methapyrilene, chlorpheniramine, mizolastine, pyrilamine and pheniramine;

(24) tranquillizers, such as reserpine, chlorpromazine and anxiolytic benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate, halazepam, oxazepam, prazepam, flurazepam, triazolam, lorazepam and diazepam; 25. Antipsychotics, such as thiopropazate, chlorpromazine, triflupromazine, mesoridazine, piperacetazine, thiondazine, acetophenazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, trifluoperazine, chlorprathixene, thiothixene, haloperidol, bromoperidol, loxapine and molindone;

26. Decongestants, such as phenylephrine, ephedrine, naphazoline, tetrahydrozoline;

27. antipyretics such as acetylsalicylic acid, salicylamide and the like;

28. antimigraine agents, such as dihydroergotamine and pizotyline; 29. medications for the treatment of nausea and vomiting, such as chlorpromazine, granisetron, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, promethazine, triethylperazine, triflupromazine and trimeprazine; 30. Antimalarials, such as 4-aminoquinoline, α-aminoquinoline, chloroquine and pyrimethamine;

31. Anti-ulcer agents, such as misoprostol, omeprazole and enprostil;

32. peptides, such as growth hormone releasing factor;

33. drugs for Parkinson's disease, spasticity and acute muscle spasms such as levodopa, carbidopa, amantadine, apomorphine, brorocriptone, selegiline (deprenyl), trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride, benztropine mesylate, procyclidine hydrochloride, baclofen, diazepam and dantrolene;

34. antiestrogen or hormone agents, such as tamoxifen or human chorionic gonadotropin;

35. aromatase inhibitors, such as anastrozole;

36. Cholinesterase inhibitors, such as physostigmine or pyridostigmine; The amount of the active ingredient to be included in the composition varies depending on the specific active ingredient, the desired therapeutic effect, and the period of time during which the TDS is to provide therapy. For most drugs, passage through the skin is the rate-limiting step for delivery. Thus, the amount of drug and rate of release are typically selected to provide transdermal delivery characterized by a substantially zero-order time dependence over a longer period of time.

Thus, preferably, the amount of the active ingredient in the system may be at least about 0.3% by weight, preferably at least about 1% by weight, more preferably at least about 2.5% by weight, especially at least about 5% by weight % and / or of up to about 50% by weight, preferably of up to about 30% by weight, more preferably of up to about 20% by weight, in particular of up to about 10% by weight, vary. To form a drug-containing matrix on a non-aqueous basis or drug-free layer of the TTS are all commonly suitable for transdermal therapeutic systems materials. Preferably, a matrix z. B. tackifiers added to result in a self-adhesive (ie pressure-sensitive adhesive) active ingredient-containing matrix, as an alternative or in addition to the aforementioned skin-side pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. Also, the matrix may be constructed of a self-adhesive polymer. To mention here are especially polymers that are used in the production of transdermal systems and physiologically harmless, such. As polyisobutylenes, homo- and copolymers of (meth) acrylates, polyvinyl ethers, polyisoprene rubbers, styrene-butadiene copolymers or styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymers and silicones. Among the (meth) acrylate copolymers, there can be mentioned, for example, the copolymers of alkyl acrylates and / or alkyl methacrylates and other unsaturated monomers, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, dimethylacrylamide, dimethylaminoethylacrylamide, acrylonitrile and / or vinyl acetate.

It is also possible with preference to use so-called solubility promoters or cosolvents and / or permeation enhancers, for example from the group of alcohols, preferably from the group of aliphatic alcohols with a terminal OH group, in particular with a chain length between 10 and 14 carbon atoms, particularly preferably dodecanol. Further preferred cosolvents and / or permeation enhancers can be selected from lauryl lactate, vitamin E, aloe vera oil, propylene glycol monolaurate and / or from the group of the propyl esters, in particular from isopropyl myristate.

In particular, a content of one or more of the preferred cosolvents and / or permeation enhancers will result in controlled and sustained drug delivery from the preferred transdermal therapeutic system, particularly from a transdermal therapeutic system comprising a dopamine agonist class of drug, more preferably from the class of D ₂ - Agonists and the ergot alkaloid derivatives, in particular from rotigotine, pramipexole, ropinirole, cabergoline and / or lisuride, particularly preferably from rotigotine. Advantageously, a content of a cosolvent or a permeation enhancer in the active substance-containing matrix on a nonaqueous basis is at least about 1% by weight, in particular at least about 5% by weight, particularly preferably at least about 7% by weight and / or preferably at up to about 20 wt .-%, in particular up to about 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably up to about 8 wt .-%. In principle, a suitable weight per unit area of the active substance-containing dried matrix moves on a non-aqueous basis in a range customary for transdermal therapeutic systems. However, a preferred basis weight of at least one active substance-containing matrix in a non-aqueous basis of at least about 10 mg / 10cm ^2, more preferably at least about 20 mg / 10 cm ^2, in particular at least about 30 mg / 10 cm ^2, more preferably at at least about 35 mg / 10 cm ² and / or preferably up to about 100 mg / 10 cm ² , more preferably up to about 80 mg / 10 cm ² , in particular up to about 70 mg / 10 cm ² , especially preferred at up to about 65 mg / 10 cm ² .

Insofar as the TDS according to the invention has more than one matrix, the basis weight of a first or further matrix preferably moves at at least about 30 mg / 10 cm ² , more preferably at least about 35 mg / 10 cm ² , in particular at least about 40 mg / 10 cm ² . At most, the preferred basis weight of a first or a further matrix is up to about 70 mg / 10 cm ² , more preferably up to about 65 mg / 10 cm ² , in particular up to about 60 mg / 10 cm ² . However, in this case, a first or further matrix does not have to have the same basis weight, but rather a first matrix may have a basis weight of at least about 50 mg / 10 cm ² to about 65 mg / 10 cm ² and another matrix a basis weight of, for example, at least about 35 mg / 10 cm ² to about 55 mg / 10 cm ² .

A coordination of the basis weights to the total layer thickness or the total basis weight of the TDS according to the invention seems to make sense when a first initial release of an active substance from an application layer having an active substance content is to be coordinated with a second sustained release drug from a matrix layer facing the back layer. Also, when selecting the basis weight, the influence on the wearing properties of the TDS must be considered.

According to a particularly preferred method, the non-aqueous based drug-containing matrix and / or the laminate and / or the punched transdermal therapeutic systems according to steps (i) to (iii) are particularly preferred at a preferred temperature of at least about 30 ° C a temperature of at least about 50 ° C, in particular at a temperature of at least about 60 ° C and / or at most of a preferred temperature of up to about 100 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of up to about 90 ° C, especially at a temperature of up to about 80 ° C, heated or tempered. A tempering is preferably carried out over a period of up to one week, preferably over a period of up to about 24 hours. Such a temperature control is particularly preferably carried out at a temperature of at least about 60 ° C. and / or of at most about 100 ° C., in particular at a temperature of about 75 ° C., over a period of a few minutes up to about 12 hours, in particular up to to about one hour, more preferably up to about 30 minutes. Such a procedure advantageously allows a complete solution of the active ingredient and prevents the formation of nuclei, whereby a recrystallization of the active ingredient can be prevented or at least delayed. In particular, such a temperature control of the stamped transdermal therapeutic systems and / or the packaged transdermal therapeutic systems. In principle, a temperature control may take place in conjunction with or immediately after drying of the active ingredient-containing matrix or of a laminate comprising the active ingredient-containing matrix. However, tempering can also take place completely independently of drying or in more than one tempering process. However, tempering is preferably carried out independently of the drying of the active substance-containing matrix, in particular the temperature is controlled after the drying of the laminate comprising the active substance-containing matrix, the punched active substance cores and / or the packaged transdermal therapeutic systems, in particular the stamped transdermal therapeutic systems and / or the packaged transdermal therapeutic systems. In order to keep the moisture content, in particular the water content, as low as possible in the active substance-containing non-aqueous matrix of the TDS according to the invention, according to a preferred method in the production of the laminate, a backing layer and / or a protective film with moisture-absorbing material properties, such as for example comprising materials a silica gel formulation can be used.

Alternatively or additionally, a preferred method according to the invention may take into account the use of a pre-dried packaging material, in particular a bag, in which the TDSs are packaged, which may further be provided with moisture-absorbing materials. Also, a moisture absorbent material, such as that available under the name Activ-Film ™ from CSP Technologies, may be incorporated into the bag in a packaging step, whereby the moisture content, in particular the water content, in the environment of the packaged TDS during the Storage can be additionally reduced. Of course, even a bag already provided with a moisture-absorbent material can be used directly for packaging the TDS. In the course of drying and / or tempering the active ingredient-containing matrix on a non-aqueous basis, this may preferably be carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere in order to minimize the access of oxygen to or into the active substance-containing matrix and thus prevent possible oxidation and / or recrystallization of the active ingredient , Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible to use oxygen and / or carbon dioxide-absorbing materials.

Further features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the claims. The individual features may be realized in one embodiment according to the invention, per se or in number, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

Examples

Examples 1 and 2 below show a preparation of transdermal therapeutic systems according to the invention including a stability study.

Example 1: Exemplary embodiment for the preparation and stability study of a scopolamine TDS according to the invention

A solution of 26% by weight of polyisobutylene (PIB) adhesive (Oppanol N80, BASF), 33% by weight of PIB adhesive (Oppanol B10, BASF), 32% by weight of mineral oil (paraffin Ph. Eur. , Klearol, Fa. Sonneborn), 9 wt .-% scopolamine base (Hyoscin, Fa. Alkaloids Private Limited) and an adequate amount of 2-propanol and heptane was on a one-side siliconized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (Primeliner PET 75μηι 1 S , Loparex) struck so that after drying a matrix layer with a basis weight of about 56 g / m ² is formed. To remove the solvent was dried at 60 ° C for 15 min. The matrix layer was laminated with a one-side siliconized polyester protective film (Mitsubishi). A solution of 24.5% by weight of PIB adhesive (Oppanol N80, BASF), 31% by weight of PIB adhesive (Oppanol B10, BASF), 41% by weight of mineral oil (Paraffin Ph. Eur. Klearol, Fa. Sonneborn), 3.3 wt .-% scopolamine base (Hyoscine, Fa. Alkaloids Private Limited) and an adequate amount of 2-propanol and heptane was coated on a one-side siliconized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film so that drying an application layer (= adhesive layer) with a basis weight of about 45 g / m ² is formed. To remove the solvent was dried at 60 ° C for 15 min. A microporous polypropylene membrane impregnated with mineral oil (paraffin Ph. Eur., Klearol, Fa. Sonneborn) (thickness 25 μm, microporous (porosity 41%), Celgard) was laminated onto the application layer. The PET film was peeled off the matrix layer and the matrix layer was applied to the application layer / membrane laminate.

The resulting laminate was tempered immediately after preparation for 24 h at 75 ° C in a drying oven. The determination of the water content of the active ingredient-containing matrix on a non-aqueous basis was carried out by Karl Fischer titration and gave a value of 0.18 wt .-% water.

The transdermal therapeutic system of the invention was incubated at temperatures of 5 ° C, 25 ° C / 60% r.F. (relative humidity) and 40 ° C / 75% r.F. stored. The stability studies showed that no drug crystals had formed within the trial period of three months.

Example 2:

A solution of 26% by weight of polyisobutylene (PIB) adhesive (Oppanol N80, BASF), 33% by weight of PIB adhesive (Oppanol B10, BASF), 27% by weight of mineral oil (paraffin Ph.Eur. , Klearol, Fa. Sonneborn), 5 wt .-% silica (silica Ph.Eur., High purity and amorphous fumed silica, hydrophilic, Aerosil 200 Pharma, Evonik), 9 wt .-% scopolamine base (Hyoscin, Fa. Alkaloids Private Limited) and an adequate amount of 2-propanol and heptane was on a one-side siliconized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (Primeliner PET 75μηι 1 S, Fa. Loparex) streaked so that after drying a matrix layer with a basis weight of approx. 56 g / m ² is formed. To remove the solvent was dried at 60 ° C for 15 min. The matrix layer was laminated with a one-side siliconized polyester protective film (polyester film from Mitsubishi). A solution of 24.5% by weight of PIB adhesive (Oppanol N80, BASF), 31% by weight of PIB adhesive (Oppanol B10, BASF), 36% by weight of mineral oil (Paraffin Ph. Eur. Klearol, Fa. Sonneborn), 5% by weight of silicon dioxide (silicon dioxide Ph.Eur., High-purity and amorphous highly disperse silica, hydrophilic, Aerosil 200 Pharma, Evonik), 3.3% by weight of scopolamine base (Hyoscin, Fa Alkaloids Private Limited) and an adequate amount of 2-propanol and heptane was spread on a one-side siliconized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) so that after drying an application layer (= adhesive layer) with a basis weight of about 45 g / m ² is formed. To remove the solvent was dried at 60 ° C for 15 min. A microporous polypropylene membrane (thickness 25 μm, microporous (porosity 41%), Celgard) impregnated with mineral oil (paraffin Ph. Eur., Klearol, Fa. Sonneborn) was laminated onto the application layer. The PET film was peeled off from the matrix layer and the matrix layer applied to the laminate of application layer and membrane. Subsequently, the laminate was punched to obtain transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS), which were subsequently bagged.

The bag-packed TTS thus obtained were tempered immediately after preparation at 75 ° C for 30 minutes and at 75 ° C for 24 hours in a drying oven. The determination of the water content of the active substance-containing matrix on a non-aqueous basis was carried out by Karl Fischer titration and gave a content of 0.26 wt .-% water.

The transdermal therapeutic systems of the invention were incubated at temperatures of 25 ° C / 60% r.F. (relative humidity) and from 40 ° C / 75% r.F. stored. The stability studies showed that no drug crystals had formed within the test period of 3 months or 6 months.

It is finally pointed out once again that the examples described above are only exemplary embodiments which can be modified by the person skilled in many different ways without departing from the scope of the invention. Furthermore, the use of the indefinite article "on" or "one" does not exclude that the characteristics in question may also be present multiple times.

Claims

claims

1 . Transdermal delivery system comprising

(i) at least one active ingredient in at least one nonaqueous based matrix,

(ii) a backing layer, and

(iii) an optional protective film,

wherein at least one active substance-containing matrix on a non-aqueous basis has a water content of less than 2% by weight, in particular less than 1% by weight.

2. Transdermal delivery system according to claim 1, wherein the transdermal delivery system further comprises an active ingredient-free or drug-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive application layer.

3. Transdermal delivery system according to claim 2, which has a control membrane between the non-aqueous based matrix and the drug-free or active substance-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive application layer.

4. Transdermal delivery system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one non-aqueous based matrix comprises a mineral oil.

A transdermal delivery system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one non-aqueous based matrix comprises a silica.

6. Transdermal delivery system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the non-aqueous based matrix comprises at least one polymer, preferably at least two polymers which are selected from the group of polybutylenes, in particular polyisobutylenes.

7. Transdermal delivery system according to claim 6, wherein one of the at least two polybutylenes, in particular the polyisobutylenes, a molecular weight of at least about 20,000 g / mol and / or at most about 100,000 g / mol and / or a second polybutylene, in particular a polyisobutylene, a Molecular weight of at least about 500,000 g / mol and / or at most about 3,500,000 g / mol.

8. Transdermal delivery system according to one of the preceding claims, which has an occlusive backing layer.

9. A method of making a transdermal delivery system comprising the steps

(i) providing at least one active substance-containing matrix on a non-aqueous basis,

(ii) optionally applying the at least one non-aqueous based drug-containing matrix to a film to obtain a non-aqueous based drug-containing matrix laminate;

(v) optionally packaging transdermal therapeutic systems,

10. A method for producing a transdermal delivery system according to claim 9, wherein the temperature control at a temperature of at least about 30 ° C, preferably at a temperature of at least about 50 ° C, in particular at a temperature of at least about 60 ° C and / or at a temperature of up to about 100 ° C, preferably at a temperature of up to about 90 ° C, in particular at a temperature of up to about 80 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of about 75 ° C takes place.

1 1. A process for producing a transdermal delivery system according to any one of claims 9 or 10, wherein the temperature over a period of up to one week, preferably over a period of up to 24 hours, more preferably over a period of up to twelve hours, in particular over a Period of up to about one hour, more preferably over a period of up to about 30 minutes, takes place.

12. Transdermal delivery system according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the transdermal delivery system is obtainable by a method according to any one of claims 9 to 1 1.

13. Transdermal delivery system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8 or 12 for medical, veterinary or cosmetic use.

14. Transdermal delivery system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8 or 12 or 13, comprising an antiemetic, a dopamine agonist, an analgesic, a sedative and / or an anti-dementia drug.

15. A transdermal delivery system according to claim 14, wherein the antiemetic is selected from a tropane alkaloid, in particular scopolamine, and wherein the dopamine agonist is selected from a D ₂ agonist, in particular rotigotine, and wherein the analgesic is selected from buprenorphine and / or fentanyl, and wherein the anti-dementive agent is selected from rivastigmine.

16. Transdermal delivery system according to one of the preceding claims for use in the treatment of motion sickness, Parkinson's disease and / or restless leg syndrome, pain, especially cancer pain, and Alzheimer's disease.