EP3683116B1 - Railway vehicle with a treatment device - Google Patents

Railway vehicle with a treatment device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3683116B1
EP3683116B1 EP20152721.5A EP20152721A EP3683116B1 EP 3683116 B1 EP3683116 B1 EP 3683116B1 EP 20152721 A EP20152721 A EP 20152721A EP 3683116 B1 EP3683116 B1 EP 3683116B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
energy beam
rail
wheel
rail vehicle
treatment device
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EP20152721.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3683116A1 (en
Inventor
Uwe Jurdeczka
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Alstom Transport Technologies SAS
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Alstom Transport Technologies SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F19/00—Wheel guards; Bumpers; Obstruction removers or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C15/00—Maintaining or augmenting the starting or braking power by auxiliary devices and measures; Preventing wheel slippage; Controlling distribution of tractive effort between driving wheels
    • B61C15/08—Preventing wheel slippage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rail vehicle comprising at least one wheel and a treatment device which is set up to emit a first energy beam which has a power that is suitable for cleaning a surface of a rail to be traveled by the rail vehicle by applying power to the surface of the rail , wherein the treatment device is further configured to emit a second energy beam which has a power that is suitable for cleaning a surface of the at least one wheel of the rail vehicle by applying power to the surface of the at least one wheel.
  • the present invention relates in particular to the field of cleaning and maintenance of rail infrastructure and rail vehicles.
  • the JP H01 136865 A describes a device for improving adhesion.
  • the DE 43 23 700 A1 describes a device for changing the friction between wheel and road or rail.
  • the coefficient of friction varies during the operation of the rail vehicle, for example due to wear and environmental influences such as precipitation or contamination on the rails.
  • Treatment devices which are attached to the rail vehicle and treat the rail surface, for example with sand or lubricants, in such a way that a desired coefficient of friction is set.
  • rail vehicles which comprise a treatment device for cleaning the rail, the cleaning improving the coefficient of friction of the rail.
  • a treatment device is for example in WO 01/32990 A1 described.
  • the treatment device comprises a laser source which emits a pulsed laser beam onto a surface of the splint. The laser beam heats the rail, which removes contaminants and increases the coefficient of friction of the rail surface.
  • this object is achieved by a rail vehicle according to claim 1.
  • the rail vehicle according to the invention makes it possible to jointly treat the surface of the rail and the surface of the wheel of the rail vehicle. This ensures good frictional properties between the rail and the wheels. In particular, the surfaces of the rail and the wheel are matched to one another through the joint treatment.
  • the treatment device according to the invention therefore makes it possible to obtain an optimal coefficient of friction in accordance with the requirements of operating the rail vehicle.
  • the rail vehicle according to the invention avoids one-sided wear, that is to say predominant wear on the rail surface or predominant wear on the wheel.
  • the first and second energy beams are pulsed, the depth of entry of the energy beam into the rail or wheel is limited and the risk of structural changes in the rail or wheel due to the energy beam is reduced or eliminated. At the same time, good cleaning is achieved through the pulsation.
  • the rail vehicle according to the invention is according to one of claims 2 to 8.
  • the figure shows part of a rail vehicle 1 which has at least one car body 2, at least one bogie 4, at least one wheel 6 and at least one treatment device 8.
  • the rail vehicle 1 is suitable for moving on a rail 10.
  • the car body 2 and the bogie 4 are known per se.
  • the bogie 4 is suitable for supporting the car body 2.
  • axle or axles are, for example, driven axles or non-driven axles.
  • Driven axles are rotatably driven, for example, by an electric motor (not shown) for locomotion of the rail vehicle 1 on the rail 10.
  • the wheels 6 which are attached to the driven axles are referred to as driven wheels 6.
  • Non-driven axles are not connected to a drive and are referred to as roll axles, for example.
  • the rail vehicle 1 comprises a plurality of treatment devices 8, for example two treatment devices 8.
  • at least one driven wheel 6 has a treatment device 8.
  • the majority of the driven wheels 6 preferably each have a treatment device 8.
  • Each driven wheel 6 advantageously has a treatment device 8.
  • At least one, and in particular several or all, of the wheels 6 of the rolling axles each have a treatment device 8.
  • the treatment device 8 is arranged in front of the wheel 6 in a direction of travel of the rail vehicle 1, in particular in the case of a driven wheel.
  • the treatment device 8 is fastened to the car body 2 by a fastening device 11.
  • the treatment device 8 is fastened to the bogie 4 by a fastening device (not shown).
  • the treatment device 8 has at least a first radiation source 12 and a second radiation source 14.
  • the treatment device 8 also has a control device 16.
  • the first and / or second radiation source 12, 14 comprises an ultrashort pulse laser.
  • Ultrashort pulse lasers are understood to mean laser sources which are suitable for emitting a laser beam with a pulse length in the range of picoseconds and femtoseconds, in particular in the range from one femtosecond to 100 picoseconds. This enables in particular high peak intensities and at the same time a low one Heat transfer to the rail 10 or the wheel 6. This is particularly advantageous in the case of aqueous or oily contamination on the rail 10 or on the wheel 6, since particularly good cleaning takes place.
  • the first or second radiation source 12, 14 has an input power between 100 and 5000 watts, for example 300 watts.
  • Input power is understood to mean the electrical power that the first or second radiation source 12, 14 consumes during operation.
  • the first radiation source 12 is suitable for emitting a first pulsed energy beam 18, which has a power which is suitable for cleaning a surface 20 of a rail 10 to be driven on by applying power to the surface 20 of the rail 10.
  • the “power” of the first energy beam 18 is to be understood as the energy per unit of time that the first radiation source 12 emits in the form of the first energy beam 18. This power can be adjusted, for example by adapting the frequency and / or the pulse length of the first energy beam 18 with a constant input power.
  • the first radiation source 12 is suitable for emitting the first energy beam 18 onto the surface 20 of the rail 10.
  • the surface 20 of the rail 10 is that surface with which the wheel 6 comes into contact when it travels on the rail 10.
  • the surface has impurities 22 which are removed by the first radiation source 12.
  • the first radiation source 12 is advantageously suitable for focusing the first energy beam 18 in the immediate vicinity of the surface 20, described below as “focusing” the first energy beam 18.
  • “In the immediate vicinity of the surface” is understood to mean, for example, a distance between a focal point or a focal area and the surface 20 of between half and two wavelengths of the first energy beam 18.
  • the first radiation source 12 is furthermore advantageously suitable for shaping the first energy beam 18, that is to say limiting the first energy beam 18 such that it has a predefined contour or shape when it strikes the surface 20.
  • the first radiation source has optical devices, such as lenses, which are suitable for imparting a predefined contour or shape to the first energy beam. This is described below as "beam shaping”.
  • the first radiation source 12 is a laser beam source.
  • the person skilled in the art is able to appropriately select the power of the first energy beam 18 that is suitable for cleaning the rail 10.
  • the person skilled in the art is also advantageously able to select a suitable focusing and / or beam shaping of the first energy beam 18.
  • the person skilled in the art selects the power of the first energy beam 18 in such a way that the surface 20 of the rail 10 is cleaned. At the same time, the person skilled in the art selects the power of the first energy beam 18 accordingly in order to avoid structural changes in the material of the rail 10.
  • the person skilled in the art also advantageously selects the focusing and / or beam shaping of the first energy beam in such a way that the surface 20 of the rail 10 is cleaned and, at the same time, changes in the structure of the material of the rail 10 are avoided.
  • the power and, if applicable, the focal point of the first energy beam 18 is / are set in particular in such a way that the power is bundled in particular in a focal plane or a focal point. This is particularly useful for safely removing dirt.
  • the energy input into the material of the rail 6, in particular metal, outside the focal plane or the focal point does not exceed 5W / mm 2.
  • the power of the first energy beam 18 is adjusted by the person skilled in the art as a function of one or more factors. These factors include, for example, the speed of the rail vehicle 1 during the operation of the treatment device 8, the degree of soiling of the rail 10 and the material of the rail 10. Another factor is, for example, a position of a contact point between the wheel 6 and the rail 10 following the treatment device 8 , and in particular a distance between a point to which the first energy beam 28 is applied and the contact point between wheel 6 and rail 10.
  • the first energy beam 18 is set in such a way that it has an energy input per area of less than 70 ⁇ 10 -3 J / m 2 . This corresponds, for example, to 70 mN / m or 70.10 -3 Nm / m 2 .
  • the power of the first energy beam 18 can be adjusted in particular by changing the frequency of the pulses and / or changing the pulse length of the first energy beam 18, as well as, if necessary, its beam shaping.
  • the person skilled in the art is able to select the frequency and / or the pulse length and, if necessary, the beam shaping of the first energy beam 28 such that a power of the first energy beam is achieved which enables the rail 10 to be cleaned.
  • the frequency of the pulses of the first energy beam 18 is selected, for example, in such a way that, with a given beam formation, depending on the speed, a path of the contact point of the wheel 6 on the rail 10 is subjected to sufficient power.
  • the frequency of the pulses of the first energy beam 18 is set, for example, by a person skilled in the art as a function of one or more factors. These factors include, in particular, the speed of the rail vehicle 1 at which the rail vehicle 1 travels during the operation of the treatment device 8. In particular, the person skilled in the art increases the frequency with an increase in the speed of the rail vehicle 1 and decreases the frequency with a decrease in the speed of the rail vehicle 1.
  • the pulse length of the first energy beam 18 is set by a person skilled in the art as a function of one or more factors. These factors include, for example, the speed of the rail vehicle 1 during operation of the treatment device 8, the degree of soiling of the rail 10, and the material of the rail 10.
  • the pulse length is, for example, between one femtosecond and 100 picoseconds.
  • the treatment device 8 has one or more sensors (not shown) for measuring measurement factors.
  • the measurement factors include, for example, the speed of the rail vehicle 1, the degree of soiling of the rail 10, and the material of the rail 10.
  • the power, in particular the pulse length and / or the frequency of the pulses, of the first energy beam 18 is set, for example, by an operator of the treatment device 8, in particular as a function of one or more of the above-mentioned factors. In doing so, the operator takes into account some or all of the above factors.
  • the frequency of the pulses is set exclusively as a function of the speed of the rail vehicle 1 and the pulse length as a function of the degree of soiling of the rail 10 and, if necessary, also on the speed of the rail vehicle 1.
  • control device 16 is set up to set the power, in particular the pulse length and / or the frequency of the first energy beam 18.
  • the control device 16 is suitable for receiving the values of the measurement factors from the sensor or sensors and for setting the pulse length and / or the frequency as a function of the values of the measurement factors. In this exemplary embodiment, the control device 16 automatically adjusts the power of the first energy beam, in particular the pulse length and / or the frequency, i.e. without intervention by the operator.
  • only the pulse length or only the frequency of the pulses can be set, and the other parameter in each case has a constant, preset value.
  • the treatment device 8 has, for example, a first alignment mechanism 24 which is suitable for aligning the first radiation source 12 relative to the surface to be irradiated, in particular relative to the surface 20 of the rail 10.
  • the first alignment mechanism 24 is connected to the control device 16 by a data connection 26 for the transmission of a control signal to the first alignment mechanism 24.
  • the first alignment mechanism 24 is suitable for aligning the first radiation source 12 relative to the surface 20 to be irradiated, so that the first energy beam 18 is aligned with the surface 20 of the rail 10 at all times, preferably with the focal point or the focal plane in the immediate vicinity of the Surface 20.
  • the first alignment mechanism 24 is suitable for aligning the first radiation source 12 such that the first energy beam 18 forms an angle between 45 and 90 degrees with the surface 20 of the rail 10 to be irradiated, the angle being in particular approximately 90 degrees.
  • the first alignment mechanism 24 is suitable for aligning the first energy beam 18 in such a way that it oscillates on the surface 20 to be irradiated.
  • the first alignment mechanism 24 is suitable for orienting the first radiation source 12 in such a way that the rail vehicle 1 moves along the rail a sinusoidal course of the first energy beam 18 on the surface 20 of the rail 10 results.
  • the second radiation source 14 is suitable for emitting a second pulsed energy beam 28, which has a power that is suitable for cleaning a surface 30 of the wheel 6 of the rail vehicle 1 by applying power to the surface 30 of the wheel 6.
  • the “power” of the second laser beam 28 is to be understood as the energy per unit of time that the second radiation source 14 emits in the form of the second energy beam 28. This power can be adjusted, for example by adapting the frequency of the pulses and / or the pulse length with a constant input power.
  • the second radiation source 14 is particularly suitable for emitting the second energy beam 28 onto the surface 30 of the wheel 1.
  • the surface 30 of the wheel also called the running surface, is that surface which comes into contact with the rail 10 when the rail vehicle 1 is moving.
  • the second radiation source 14 is advantageously suitable for focusing the second energy beam 28 essentially in the immediate vicinity of the surface 30, described below as “focusing” the second energy beam 28.
  • “In the immediate vicinity of the surface” is understood to mean, for example, a distance between a focal point or a focal area and the surface 30 between half a wavelength and two wavelengths of the second energy beam 28.
  • the second radiation source 14 is furthermore advantageously suitable for shaping the second energy beam 28, that is to say limiting the second energy beam 28 in such a way that it has a predefined contour or shape when it strikes the surface 30.
  • the second radiation source 14 has optical devices, such as, for example, lenses, which are suitable for imparting a predefined contour or shape to the second energy beam 28. This is described below as "beam shaping".
  • the second radiation source 14 is a laser beam source.
  • the person skilled in the art is also advantageously able to select a suitable focusing and beam shaping of the second energy beam 28. It chooses those skilled in the art adjust the power of the second energy beam 28 so that cleaning of the surface 30 of the wheel 6 is achieved. At the same time, the person skilled in the art selects the power of the second energy beam 28 accordingly in order to avoid structural changes in the material of the wheel 6.
  • the person skilled in the art also advantageously selects the focusing and / or beam shaping of the second energy beam 28 in such a way that the surface 20 of the wheel 6 is cleaned and, at the same time, changes in the structure of the material of the wheel 6 are avoided.
  • the power and, if applicable, the focal point of the second energy beam 28 is / are set in particular such that the power is bundled in particular in a focal plane or a focal point. This is particularly useful for safely removing dirt.
  • the energy input into the material of the wheel 6, in particular metal, outside of the focal plane or the focal point does not exceed 5W / mm 2.
  • the power of the second energy beam 28 is adjusted by the person skilled in the art as a function of one or more factors. These factors include, for example, the speed of the rail vehicle 1 during operation of the treatment device 8, the degree of soiling of the wheel 6 and the material of the wheel 6.
  • the power of the second energy beam 28 can be adjusted in particular by changing the frequency of the pulses and / or changing the pulse length of the second energy beam 28.
  • the person skilled in the art is able to select the frequency and / or the pulse length of the second energy beam 28 in such a way that a power of the first energy beam is achieved which enables the wheel 6 to be cleaned.
  • the frequency of the pulses of the second energy beam 28 is selected, for example, in such a way that with a given beam formation, depending on the speed, the surface 30 of the wheel 6 is subjected to sufficient power.
  • the frequency of the pulses of the second energy beam 28 is set, for example, by a person skilled in the art as a function of one or more factors. These factors include, for example, the speed of the rail vehicle 1 at which the rail vehicle 1 travels during the operation of the treatment device 8. In particular, the person skilled in the art increases the frequency of the pulses with an increase in the Speed of the rail vehicle 1 and reduces the frequency with a reduction in the speed of the rail vehicle 1. Further factors are, for example, the circumferential speed of the wheel 6, which can differ by about 15% from the circumferential speed, especially due to slip when starting, accelerating and braking, for example would result in wheel 6 to rail 10 without slip.
  • the pulse length of the second energy beam 28 is set by the person skilled in the art as a function of one or more factors. These factors include, for example, the speed of the rail vehicle 1 during operation of the treatment device 8, the degree of soiling of the wheel 6 and the material of the wheel 6.
  • the pulse length is, for example, between one femtosecond and 100 picoseconds.
  • the person skilled in the art sets the pulse length of the second energy beam 28 so that a satisfactory cleaning of the surface 30 of the wheel 6 is achieved, but at the same time the second energy beam 28 penetrates only so far into the surface 30 of the wheel 6 that structural changes in the material of the wheel 6 can be avoided.
  • the treatment device 8 has, in addition or as an alternative to the sensors described above for measuring measurement factors, a sensor for measuring the degree of soiling of the wheel 6.
  • the power of the second energy beam 28, in particular the pulse length and / or the frequency of the second energy beam 28, is set by an operator of the treatment device 8, for example as a function of one or more of the above-mentioned factors. In doing so, the operator takes into account some or all of the above factors.
  • the frequency of the second energy beam 28 is set exclusively as a function of the speed of the rail vehicle 1 and the pulse length is set as a function of the degree of contamination of the wheel 8 and possibly also on the speed of the rail vehicle 1.
  • control device 16 is set up to set the power, in particular the pulse length and / or the frequency of the second energy beam 28.
  • the control device 16 is suitable for receiving the values of the measurement factors from the sensor or sensors and for setting the pulse length and / or the frequency as a function of the values of the measurement factors. In this exemplary embodiment, the control device 16 automatically sets the power, in particular the pulse length and / or the frequency of the pulses of the second energy beam 28, that is to say without intervention by the operator.
  • only the pulse length or only the frequency of the pulses of the second energy beam 28 can be set, and the other parameter in each case has a constant, preset value.
  • the treatment device 8 has, for example, a second alignment mechanism 32 which is suitable for aligning the second radiation source 14 relative to the surface to be irradiated, in particular relative to the surface 30 of the wheel 6.
  • the second alignment mechanism 14 is connected to the control device 16 by a data connection 34 for the transmission of a control signal to the second alignment mechanism 32.
  • the second alignment mechanism 32 is suitable for aligning the second radiation source 14 relative to the surface 30 to be irradiated, so that the second energy beam 28 is directed at the surface 30 of the wheel 6 at all times. For example, relative movements between the treatment device 8 and the wheel 6 can thereby be compensated for.
  • the second alignment mechanism 32 is suitable for aligning the second radiation source 28 such that the second energy beam 28 forms an angle between 45 and 90 degrees with the surface 30 of the wheel 6 to be irradiated, the angle being in particular approximately 90 degrees.
  • the second alignment mechanism 32 is suitable for aligning the second energy beam 28 such that it oscillates on the surface 30 to be irradiated.
  • the second alignment mechanism 32 is suitable for orienting the second radiation source 14 such that a movement of the rail vehicle 1 results in a sinusoidal course of the second energy beam 28 on the surface 30 of the wheel 6.
  • the control device 16 is particularly suitable for controlling the first and second radiation sources 12, 14, in particular by means of corresponding data connections 36, 38.
  • the control device 16 is suitable for controlling the first radiation source 12 and the second radiation source 14 at the same time.
  • the treatment device 8 is thus suitable for jointly cleaning the surface 20 of the rail 10 and the surface 30 of the wheel 6.
  • the first and / or the second energy beam 18, 28 have a diameter between 1 and 3 mm when they strike the surface 20, 30 to be cleaned. According to another exemplary embodiment, the first and / or the second energy beam 18, 28 has a diameter of up to 5 centimeters when it hits the surface 20, 30 to be cleaned.
  • the first and second radiation sources 12, 14 comprise a single radiation source, such as a single laser beam source.
  • An energy beam that is emitted by the single radiation source is deflected, for example, by optical devices and divided into the first and second energy beams 18, 28.
  • the treatment device 8 comprises any combination of the variants and embodiments described.
  • first or second energy beam 18, 28 is absorbed by the surface 20, 30 to be cleaned.
  • the energy absorbed by the material causes the surface to heat up. How this process takes place depends on the pulse width (milliseconds, nanoseconds, femtoseconds) used. From a certain threshold fluence, the surface is heated in such a way that it is changed accordingly. Depending on the material and the temperature reached, the structure of the irradiated material changes and the surface melts. The absorption of the laser light also changes depending on the physical state of the material reached.
  • the person skilled in the art thus in particular selects the first and / or second energy beam 18, 28 such that the threshold fluence is not exceeded and sufficient cleaning still takes place.
  • Examples are as follows:
  • the use of an energy beam, in particular a laser beam, with an energy of 100 watts, a spot diameter of 0.1 mm and an irradiation time of 1 second leads to engraving processes on a surface, the material which forms the surface, in particular containing steel .
  • the use of an energy beam, in particular a laser beam, with an energy of 100 watts, a spot diameter of 0.3 mm and an irradiation time of 1 second leads to heating and can be used for cleaning purposes.
  • an energy beam in particular a laser beam, with an energy of 100 watts, a spot diameter of 1mm and an irradiation time of 1 second has no significant effect on the surface.
  • the person skilled in the art thus selects corresponding energy beams for cleaning the corresponding surfaces 20, 30.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Schienenfahrzeug umfassend mindestens ein Rad und eine Behandlungsvorrichtung, welche dazu eingerichtet ist, einen ersten Energiestrahl auszusenden, welcher eine Leistung aufweist, die zur Reinigung einer von dem Schienenfahrzeug zu befahrenden Oberfläche einer Schiene durch Leistungseinbringung auf die Oberfläche der Schiene geeignet ist, wobei die Behandlungsvorrichtung des Weiteren dazu eingerichtet ist, einen zweiten Energiestrahl auszusenden, welcher eine Leistung aufweist, die dazu geeignet ist, eine Oberfläche des zumindest einen Rades des Schienenfahrzeugs durch Leistungseinbringung auf die Oberfläche des zumindest einen Rades zu reinigen.The present invention relates to a rail vehicle comprising at least one wheel and a treatment device which is set up to emit a first energy beam which has a power that is suitable for cleaning a surface of a rail to be traveled by the rail vehicle by applying power to the surface of the rail , wherein the treatment device is further configured to emit a second energy beam which has a power that is suitable for cleaning a surface of the at least one wheel of the rail vehicle by applying power to the surface of the at least one wheel.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft insbesondere das Gebiet der Reinigung und Instandhaltung von Schieneninfrastruktur und Schienenfahrzeugen.The present invention relates in particular to the field of cleaning and maintenance of rail infrastructure and rail vehicles.

Die JP H01 136865 A beschreibt eine Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung der Haftung.the JP H01 136865 A describes a device for improving adhesion.

Die DE 43 23 700 A1 beschreibt eine Einrichtung zum Verändern der Reibung zwischen Rad und Straße oder Schiene.the DE 43 23 700 A1 describes a device for changing the friction between wheel and road or rail.

Es ist bekannt, dass bei einem Schienenfahrzeug ein angemessener Reibungskoeffizient zwischen den Rädern und den Schienen für eine sichere und energiesparende Fortbewegung des Schienenfahrzeugs sorgt. Insbesondere sollte dieser Reibwert zwischen Rad und Schiene bestimmte Werte nicht über- oder unterschreiten. Ist die Reibung zwischen Rad und Schiene zu gering, führt dies beispielsweise zu Schlupf, d. h. zu einer ungewollten Relativbewegung zwischen Rad und Schiene. Dies ist insbesondere bei Bremsvorgängen oder - im Falle von angetriebenen Rädern - bei einer Beschleunigung des Schienenfahrzeugs durch einen Antriebsmotor nachteilig. Dadurch erhöht sich er Verschleiß von Rad und Schiene. Eine zu starke Reibung führt wiederum zu einer hohen Geräuschentwicklung und führt ebenfalls zu einem schnelleren Verschleiß von Rad und/oder Schiene.It is known that in a rail vehicle an adequate coefficient of friction between the wheels and the rails ensures safe and energy-saving locomotion of the rail vehicle. In particular, this coefficient of friction between wheel and rail should not exceed or fall below certain values. If the friction between the wheel and the rail is too low, this leads to slippage, for example. H. to an unwanted relative movement between wheel and rail. This is particularly disadvantageous when braking or - in the case of driven wheels - when the rail vehicle is accelerated by a drive motor. This increases wear on the wheel and rail. Too much friction in turn leads to a high level of noise and also leads to faster wear of the wheel and / or rail.

Der Reibungskoeffizient variiert jedoch während des Betriebs des Schienenfahrzeugs, beispielsweise durch Abnutzung und Umwelteinflüsse wie Niederschlag oder Verunreinigungen auf den Schienen.However, the coefficient of friction varies during the operation of the rail vehicle, for example due to wear and environmental influences such as precipitation or contamination on the rails.

Es sind Behandlungsvorrichtungen bekannt, welche am Schienenfahrzeug befestigt sind und die Schienenoberfläche beispielsweise durch Sand oder Schmierstoffe so behandeln, dass ein gewünschter Reibungskoeffizient eingestellt wird.Treatment devices are known which are attached to the rail vehicle and treat the rail surface, for example with sand or lubricants, in such a way that a desired coefficient of friction is set.

Weiterhin sind Schienenfahrzeuge bekannt, die eine Behandlungsvorrichtung zur Reinigung der Schiene umfassen wobei die Reinigung den Reibungskoeffizient der Schiene verbessert. Eine solche Behandlungsvorrichtung ist beispielsweise in WO 01/32990 A1 beschrieben. Die Behandlungsvorrichtung umfasst eine Laserquelle, welche einen gepulsten Laserstrahl auf eine Oberfläche der Schiene aussendet. Der Laserstrah erwärmt die Schiene, wodurch Verunreinigungen entfernt werden und der Reibungskoeffizient der Schienenoberfläche erhöht wird.Furthermore, rail vehicles are known which comprise a treatment device for cleaning the rail, the cleaning improving the coefficient of friction of the rail. Such a treatment device is for example in WO 01/32990 A1 described. The treatment device comprises a laser source which emits a pulsed laser beam onto a surface of the splint. The laser beam heats the rail, which removes contaminants and increases the coefficient of friction of the rail surface.

Allerdings ist das Reinigungsergebnis der bekannten Behandlungsvorrichtungen nicht vollständig zufriedenstellend, da der Reibungskoeffizient zwischen Rad und Schiene nicht immer im optimalen Bereich liegt. Mögliche Folgen sind beispielsweise eine übermäßige Abnutzung der Räder oder der Schienen und eine starke Geräuschentwicklung.However, the cleaning result of the known treatment devices is not completely satisfactory, since the coefficient of friction between wheel and rail is not always in the optimal range. Possible consequences are, for example, excessive wear on the wheels or rails and a high level of noise.

Demnach ist es eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, die oben genannten Nachteile zumindest zu verringern oder zu beheben. Insbesondere ist eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, gute Reibungseigenschaften zwischen den Schienen und den Rädern des Schienenfahrzeugs sicherzustellen, und gleichzeitig eine einseitige Abnutzung der Schienen oder der Räder zu minimieren.Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to at least reduce or remedy the above-mentioned disadvantages. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to ensure good frictional properties between the rails and the wheels of the rail vehicle, and at the same time to minimize one-sided wear on the rails or the wheels.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe gelöst durch ein Schienenfahrzeug gemäß Anspruch 1.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a rail vehicle according to claim 1.

Das erfindungsgemäße Schienenfahrzeug ermöglicht es, gemeinsam die Oberfläche der Schiene und die Oberfläche des Rades des Schienenfahrzeugs zu behandeln. Dadurch werden gute Reibungseigenschaften zwischen der Schiene und den Rädern sichergestellt. Insbesondere werden die Oberflächen der Schiene und des Rades durch die gemeinsame Behandlung aufeinander abgestimmt. Die erfindungsgemäße Behandlungsvorrichtung erlaubt es daher, einen optimalen Reibungskoeffizienten gemäß den Anforderungen eines Betriebs des Schienenfahrzeugs zu erhalten.The rail vehicle according to the invention makes it possible to jointly treat the surface of the rail and the surface of the wheel of the rail vehicle. This ensures good frictional properties between the rail and the wheels. In particular, the surfaces of the rail and the wheel are matched to one another through the joint treatment. The treatment device according to the invention therefore makes it possible to obtain an optimal coefficient of friction in accordance with the requirements of operating the rail vehicle.

Zudem wird durch das erfindungsgemäße Schienenfahrzeug eine einseitige Abnutzung, also eine vorwiegende Abnutzung der Schienenoberfläche oder eine vorwiegende Abnutzung des Rades vermieden.In addition, the rail vehicle according to the invention avoids one-sided wear, that is to say predominant wear on the rail surface or predominant wear on the wheel.

Zudem wird dadurch, dass der erste und der zweite Energiestrahl gepulst sind, die Eintrittstiefe des Energiestrahls in die Schiene bzw. das Rad begrenzt und somit die Gefahr von Gefügeveränderungen der Schiene bzw. des Rades durch den Energiestrahl verringert bzw. aufgehoben. Gleichzeitig wird durch die Pulsierung eine gute Reinigung erzielt.In addition, because the first and second energy beams are pulsed, the depth of entry of the energy beam into the rail or wheel is limited and the risk of structural changes in the rail or wheel due to the energy beam is reduced or eliminated. At the same time, good cleaning is achieved through the pulsation.

Gemäß bevorzugten Ausführungsformen ist das erfindungsgemäße Schienenfahrzeug gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 8.According to preferred embodiments, the rail vehicle according to the invention is according to one of claims 2 to 8.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden nun anhand der Zeichnungen im Detail beschreiben, wobei die einzige Figur einen Teil des erfindungsgemäßen Schienenfahrzeugs in einer Schnittansicht zeigt.Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings, the single figure showing part of the rail vehicle according to the invention in a sectional view.

Die Figur zeigt einen Teil eines Schienenfahrzeugs 1, welches mindestens einen Wagenkasten 2, mindestens ein Drehgestell 4, mindestens ein Rad 6 und mindestens eine Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 aufweist. Das Schienenfahrzeug 1 ist dazu geeignet, auf sich auf einer Schiene 10 fortzubewegen.The figure shows part of a rail vehicle 1 which has at least one car body 2, at least one bogie 4, at least one wheel 6 and at least one treatment device 8. The rail vehicle 1 is suitable for moving on a rail 10.

Der Wagenkasten 2 und das Drehgestell 4 sind an sich bekannt. Das Drehgestell 4 ist dazu geeignet, den Wagenkasten 2 zu tragen. Am Drehgestell 4 sind zum Beispiel eine oder mehrere Achsen (nicht dargestellt) befestigt, an welchen jeweils zwei Räder befestigt sind, wobei nur ein Rad 6 auf der Figur dargestellt ist.The car body 2 and the bogie 4 are known per se. The bogie 4 is suitable for supporting the car body 2. On the bogie 4, for example, one or more axles (not shown) are attached to each of which two wheels are attached, only one wheel 6 being shown in the figure.

Die Achse oder die Achsen sind beispielsweise angetriebene Achsen oder nicht angetriebene Achsen.The axle or axles are, for example, driven axles or non-driven axles.

Angetriebene Achsen sind zum Beispiel durch einen Elektromotor (nicht darstellt) rotatorisch angetrieben für eine Fortbewegung des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 auf der Schiene 10. Die Räder 6, welche an den angetrieben Achsen befestigt sind, werden als angetriebene Räder 6 bezeichnet.Driven axles are rotatably driven, for example, by an electric motor (not shown) for locomotion of the rail vehicle 1 on the rail 10. The wheels 6 which are attached to the driven axles are referred to as driven wheels 6.

Nicht angetriebene Achsen sind nicht mit einem Antrieb verbunden und werden beispielsweise als Rollachsen bezeichnet.Non-driven axles are not connected to a drive and are referred to as roll axles, for example.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst das Schienenfahrzeug 1 mehrere Behandlungsvorrichtungen 8, beispielsweise zwei Behandlungsvorrichtungen 8. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist mindestens ein angetriebenes Rad 6 eine Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 auf. Vorzugsweise weist die Mehrheit der angetriebenen Räder 6 jeweils eine Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 auf. Vorteilhafterweise weist jedes angetriebene Rad 6 eine Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 auf.According to a preferred embodiment, the rail vehicle 1 comprises a plurality of treatment devices 8, for example two treatment devices 8. According to a preferred embodiment, at least one driven wheel 6 has a treatment device 8. The majority of the driven wheels 6 preferably each have a treatment device 8. Each driven wheel 6 advantageously has a treatment device 8.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform weist zudem mindestens eines, und insbesondere mehrere oder alle, der Räder 6 der Rollachsen jeweils eine Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 auf.According to one embodiment, at least one, and in particular several or all, of the wheels 6 of the rolling axles each have a treatment device 8.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 insbesondere bei einem angetriebenen Rad in einer Fahrtrichtung des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 vor dem Rad 6 angeordnet.According to a preferred embodiment, the treatment device 8 is arranged in front of the wheel 6 in a direction of travel of the rail vehicle 1, in particular in the case of a driven wheel.

Die Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 ist gemäß der in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsform durch eine Befestigungsvorrichtung 11 am Wagenkasten 2 befestigt.According to the embodiment shown in the figure, the treatment device 8 is fastened to the car body 2 by a fastening device 11.

Gemäß einer alternativen Ausführungsform ist die Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 durch eine Befestigungsvorrichtung (nicht dargestellt) an dem Drehgestell 4 befestigt.According to an alternative embodiment, the treatment device 8 is fastened to the bogie 4 by a fastening device (not shown).

In dem dargestellten Beispiel weist die Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 mindestens eine erste Strahlungsquelle 12 und eine zweite Strahlungsquelle 14 auf. Insbesondere weist die Behandlungseinrichtung 8 zudem eine Steuerungsvorrichtung 16 auf.In the example shown, the treatment device 8 has at least a first radiation source 12 and a second radiation source 14. In particular, the treatment device 8 also has a control device 16.

Erfindungsgemäss umfasst die erste und/oder zweite Strahlungsquelle 12, 14 einen Ultrakurzpulslaser.According to the invention, the first and / or second radiation source 12, 14 comprises an ultrashort pulse laser.

Unter "Ultrakurzpulslaser" werden Laserquellen verstanden, die dazu geeignet sind, einen Laserstrahl mit einer Pulslänge im Bereich von Pikosekunden und Femtosekunden, insbesondere im Bereich von einer Femtosekunde bis 100 Picosekunden auszusenden. Dieser ermöglicht insbesondere hohe Spitzenintensitäten und gleichzeitig eine geringe Wärmeübertragung auf die Schiene 10 bzw. das Rad 6. Dies ist insbesondere bei wässrigen oder öligen Verunreinigungen auf der Schiene 10 oder am Rad 6 vorteilhaft, da eine besonders gute Reinigung erfolgt.“Ultrashort pulse lasers” are understood to mean laser sources which are suitable for emitting a laser beam with a pulse length in the range of picoseconds and femtoseconds, in particular in the range from one femtosecond to 100 picoseconds. This enables in particular high peak intensities and at the same time a low one Heat transfer to the rail 10 or the wheel 6. This is particularly advantageous in the case of aqueous or oily contamination on the rail 10 or on the wheel 6, since particularly good cleaning takes place.

Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel weist die erste oder zweite Strahlungsquelle 12, 14 eine Eingangsleistung zwischen 100 und 5000 Watt auf, beispielsweise 300 Watt.According to one embodiment, the first or second radiation source 12, 14 has an input power between 100 and 5000 watts, for example 300 watts.

Unter "Eingangsleistung" wird die elektrische Leistung verstanden, die die erste oder zweite Strahlungsquelle 12, 14 beim Betrieb aufnimmt.“Input power” is understood to mean the electrical power that the first or second radiation source 12, 14 consumes during operation.

Die erste Strahlungsquelle 12 ist dazu geeignet, einen ersten gepulsten Energiestrahl 18 auszusenden, welcher eine Leistung aufweist, die zur Reinigung einer zu befahrenden Oberfläche 20 einer Schiene 10 durch Leistungseinbringung auf die Oberfläche 20 der Schiene 10 geeignet ist.The first radiation source 12 is suitable for emitting a first pulsed energy beam 18, which has a power which is suitable for cleaning a surface 20 of a rail 10 to be driven on by applying power to the surface 20 of the rail 10.

Dabei ist in der vorliegenden Beschreibung unter "Leistung" des ersten Energiestrahls 18 die Energie pro Zeiteinheit zu verstehen, die die erste Strahlungsquelle 12 in Form des ersten Energiestrahls 18 ausstrahlt. Diese Leistung ist einstellbar, beispielsweise durch Anpassung der Frequenz und/oder der Pulslänge des ersten Energiestrahls 18 bei konstanter Eingangsleistung.In the present description, the “power” of the first energy beam 18 is to be understood as the energy per unit of time that the first radiation source 12 emits in the form of the first energy beam 18. This power can be adjusted, for example by adapting the frequency and / or the pulse length of the first energy beam 18 with a constant input power.

Die erste Strahlungsquelle 12 ist dazu geeignet, den ersten Energiestrahl 18 auf die Oberfläche 20 der Schiene 10 auszusenden.The first radiation source 12 is suitable for emitting the first energy beam 18 onto the surface 20 of the rail 10.

Die Oberfläche 20 der Schiene 10 ist diejenige Oberfläche, mit welcher das Rad 6 in Kontakt kommt wenn es die Schiene 10 befährt. Die Oberfläche weist Verunreinigungen 22 auf, welche durch die erste Strahlungsquelle 12 entfernt werden.The surface 20 of the rail 10 is that surface with which the wheel 6 comes into contact when it travels on the rail 10. The surface has impurities 22 which are removed by the first radiation source 12.

Vorteilhafterweise ist die erste Strahlungsquelle 12 dazu geeignet, den ersten Energiestrahl 18 in unmittelbarer Nähe der Oberfläche 20 zu fokussieren, im Folgenden als "Fokussierung" des ersten Energiestrahls 18 beschrieben.The first radiation source 12 is advantageously suitable for focusing the first energy beam 18 in the immediate vicinity of the surface 20, described below as “focusing” the first energy beam 18.

Unter "in unmittelbarer Nähe der Oberfläche" wird beispielsweise eine Distanz eines Fokuspunktes oder einer Fokusfläche zu der Oberfläche 20 von zwischen einer halben und zwei Wellenlängen des ersten Energiestrahls 18 verstanden.“In the immediate vicinity of the surface” is understood to mean, for example, a distance between a focal point or a focal area and the surface 20 of between half and two wavelengths of the first energy beam 18.

Die erste Strahlungsquelle 12 ist des Weiteren vorteilhafterweise dazu geeignet, den ersten Energiestrahl 18 zu formen, das heißt den ersten Energiestrahl 18 so zu begrenzen, dass er eine vordefinierte Kontur oder Form beim Auftreffen auf die Oberfläche 20 aufweist. Beispielsweise weist die erste Strahlungsquelle optische Vorrichtungen, wie zum Beispiel Linsen, auf, welche dazu geeignet sind, dem ersten Energiestrahl eine vordefinierte Kontur oder Form zu verleihen. Dies wird im Folgenden als "Strahlformung" beschrieben.The first radiation source 12 is furthermore advantageously suitable for shaping the first energy beam 18, that is to say limiting the first energy beam 18 such that it has a predefined contour or shape when it strikes the surface 20. For example, the first radiation source has optical devices, such as lenses, which are suitable for imparting a predefined contour or shape to the first energy beam. This is described below as "beam shaping".

Die erste Strahlungsquelle 12 ist eine Laserstrahlquelle.The first radiation source 12 is a laser beam source.

Der Fachmann ist in der Lage, die für eine Reinigung der Schiene 10 geeignete Leistung des ersten Energiestrahls 18 entsprechend auszuwählen. Vorteilhafterweise ist der Fachmann zudem in der Lage, eine geeignete Fokussierung und/oder Strahlformung des ersten Energiestrahls 18 auswählen.The person skilled in the art is able to appropriately select the power of the first energy beam 18 that is suitable for cleaning the rail 10. The person skilled in the art is also advantageously able to select a suitable focusing and / or beam shaping of the first energy beam 18.

Dabei wählt der Fachmann die Leistung des ersten Energiestrahls 18 so, dass eine Reinigung der Oberfläche 20 der Schiene 10 erzielt wird. Gleichzeitig wählt der Fachmann die Leistung des ersten Energiestrahls 18 entsprechend, um Gefügeveränderungen des Materials der Schiene 10 zu vermeiden.The person skilled in the art selects the power of the first energy beam 18 in such a way that the surface 20 of the rail 10 is cleaned. At the same time, the person skilled in the art selects the power of the first energy beam 18 accordingly in order to avoid structural changes in the material of the rail 10.

Vorteilhafterweise wählt der Fachmann ebenfalls die Fokussierung und/oder Strahlformung des ersten Energiestrahls so, dass eine Reinigung der Oberfläche 20 der Schiene 10 erzielt wird, und gleichzeitig Gefügeveränderungen des Materials der Schiene 10 vermieden werden.The person skilled in the art also advantageously selects the focusing and / or beam shaping of the first energy beam in such a way that the surface 20 of the rail 10 is cleaned and, at the same time, changes in the structure of the material of the rail 10 are avoided.

Die Leistung und gegebenenfalls der Fokuspunkt des ersten Energiestrahls 18 wird/werden insbesondere so eingestellt, dass die Leistung insbesondere in einer Fokusebene oder einem Fokuspunkt gebündelt ist. Dies ist insbesondere förderlich, um Verschmutzungen sicher zu entfernen. Gleichzeitig übersteigt beispielsweise der Energieeintrag in das Material der Schiene 6, insbesondere Metall, außerhalb der Fokusebene oder des Fokuspunktes 5W/mm2 nicht.The power and, if applicable, the focal point of the first energy beam 18 is / are set in particular in such a way that the power is bundled in particular in a focal plane or a focal point. This is particularly useful for safely removing dirt. At the same time, for example, the energy input into the material of the rail 6, in particular metal, outside the focal plane or the focal point does not exceed 5W / mm 2.

Die Leistung des ersten Energiestrahls 18 wird durch den Fachmann in Abhängigkeit von einem oder mehreren Faktoren eingestellt. Diese Faktoren umfassen beispielsweise die Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 während des Betriebs der Behandlungsvorrichtung 8, den Verschmutzungsgrad der Schiene 10, sowie das Material der Schiene 10. Ein weiterer Faktor ist beispielsweise eine Position eines der Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 nachlaufenden Kontaktpunktes zwischen dem Rad 6 und der Schiene 10, und insbesondere ein Abstand zwischen einem Punkt, auf welchen der erste Energiestrahl 28 aufgebracht wird und dem Kontaktpunkt zwischen Rad 6 und Schiene 10.The power of the first energy beam 18 is adjusted by the person skilled in the art as a function of one or more factors. These factors include, for example, the speed of the rail vehicle 1 during the operation of the treatment device 8, the degree of soiling of the rail 10 and the material of the rail 10. Another factor is, for example, a position of a contact point between the wheel 6 and the rail 10 following the treatment device 8 , and in particular a distance between a point to which the first energy beam 28 is applied and the contact point between wheel 6 and rail 10.

Gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der erste Energiestrahl 18 so eingestellt, dass er eine Energieeinbringung pro Fläche von weniger als 70 · 10-3J/ m2 aufweist. Dies entspricht beispielsweise 70 mN/m oder 70.10-3 Nm/m2.According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, the first energy beam 18 is set in such a way that it has an energy input per area of less than 70 · 10 -3 J / m 2 . This corresponds, for example, to 70 mN / m or 70.10 -3 Nm / m 2 .

Die Leistung des ersten Energiestrahls 18 ist insbesondere durch eine Veränderung der Frequenz der Pulse und/oder eine Veränderung der Pulslänge des ersten Energiestrahls 18, sowie gegebenenfalls dessen Strahlformung einstellbar.The power of the first energy beam 18 can be adjusted in particular by changing the frequency of the pulses and / or changing the pulse length of the first energy beam 18, as well as, if necessary, its beam shaping.

Der Fachmann ist in der Lage, die Frequenz und/oder die Pulslänge sowie gegebenenfalls die Strahlformung des ersten Energiestrahls 28 derart auszuwählen, dass eine Leistung des ersten Energiestrahls erzielt wird, welche eine Reinigung der Schiene 10 ermöglicht.The person skilled in the art is able to select the frequency and / or the pulse length and, if necessary, the beam shaping of the first energy beam 28 such that a power of the first energy beam is achieved which enables the rail 10 to be cleaned.

Die Frequenz der Impulse des ersten Energiestrahls 18 wird beispielsweise so gewählt, dass bei gegebener Strahlformung in Abhängigkeit der Geschwindigkeit eine Bahn des Kontaktpunktes des Rades 6 auf der Schiene 10 mit ausreichend Leistung beaufschlagt wird.The frequency of the pulses of the first energy beam 18 is selected, for example, in such a way that, with a given beam formation, depending on the speed, a path of the contact point of the wheel 6 on the rail 10 is subjected to sufficient power.

Die Frequenz der Impulse des ersten Energiestrahls 18 wird beispielsweise vom Fachmann in Abhängigkeit eines oder mehrerer Faktoren eingestellt. Diese Faktoren umfassen insbesondere die Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs 1, mit der das Schienenfahrzeug 1 während des Betriebes der Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 fährt. Insbesondere erhöht der Fachmann die Frequenz mit einer Erhöhung der Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 und verringert die Frequenz mit einer Verringerung der Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs 1.The frequency of the pulses of the first energy beam 18 is set, for example, by a person skilled in the art as a function of one or more factors. These factors include, in particular, the speed of the rail vehicle 1 at which the rail vehicle 1 travels during the operation of the treatment device 8. In particular, the person skilled in the art increases the frequency with an increase in the speed of the rail vehicle 1 and decreases the frequency with a decrease in the speed of the rail vehicle 1.

Die Pulslänge des ersten Energiestrahls 18 wird durch den Fachmann in Abhängigkeit von einem oder mehreren Faktoren eingestellt. Diese Faktoren umfassen beispielsweise die Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 während des Betriebs der Behandlungsvorrichtung 8, den Verschmutzungsgrad der Schiene 10, sowie das Material der Schiene 10.The pulse length of the first energy beam 18 is set by a person skilled in the art as a function of one or more factors. These factors include, for example, the speed of the rail vehicle 1 during operation of the treatment device 8, the degree of soiling of the rail 10, and the material of the rail 10.

Die Pulslänge beträgt beispielsweise zwischen einer Femtosekunde und 100 Picosekunden.The pulse length is, for example, between one femtosecond and 100 picoseconds.

In einer Ausführungsform weist die Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 einen oder mehrere Sensoren (nicht dargestellt) zur Messung von Messfaktoren auf. Die Messfaktoren umfassen beispielsweise die Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs 1, den Verschmutzungsgrad der Schiene 10, sowie das Material der Schiene 10.In one embodiment, the treatment device 8 has one or more sensors (not shown) for measuring measurement factors. The measurement factors include, for example, the speed of the rail vehicle 1, the degree of soiling of the rail 10, and the material of the rail 10.

Die Leistung, insbesondere die Pulslänge und/oder die Frequenz der Impulse, des ersten Energiestrahls 18 wird beispielweise, insbesondere in Abhängigkeit eines oder mehrerer der oben genannten Faktoren, von einer Bedienperson der Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 eingestellt. Dabei berücksichtigt die Bedienperson einige oder alle der oben genannten Faktoren. Beispielsweise wird die Frequenz der Impulse ausschließlich in Abhängigkeit der Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 eingestellt und die Pulslänge in Abhängigkeit vom Verschmutzungsgrad der Schiene 10 und gegebenenfalls ebenfalls von der Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs 1.The power, in particular the pulse length and / or the frequency of the pulses, of the first energy beam 18 is set, for example, by an operator of the treatment device 8, in particular as a function of one or more of the above-mentioned factors. In doing so, the operator takes into account some or all of the above factors. For example, the frequency of the pulses is set exclusively as a function of the speed of the rail vehicle 1 and the pulse length as a function of the degree of soiling of the rail 10 and, if necessary, also on the speed of the rail vehicle 1.

Gemäß einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Steuerungsvorrichtung 16 dazu eingerichtet, die Leistung, insbesondere die Pulslänge und/oder die Frequenz des ersten Energiestrahls 18, einzustellen.According to another exemplary embodiment, the control device 16 is set up to set the power, in particular the pulse length and / or the frequency of the first energy beam 18.

Diese Einstellung erfolgt insbesondere in Abhängigkeit der gemessenen Werte der Messfaktoren. Die Steuerungsvorrichtung 16 ist dazu geeignet, die Werte der Messfaktoren von dem Sensor oder den Sensoren zu erhalten und die Pulslänge und/oder die Frequenz in Abhängigkeit der Werte der Messfaktoren einzustellen. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel stellt die Steuerungsvorrichtung 16 die Leistung des ersten Energiestrahls, insbesondere die Pulslänge und/oder die Frequenz automatisch, d.h. ohne Eingreifen durch die Bedienperson, ein.This setting is made in particular as a function of the measured values of the measurement factors. The control device 16 is suitable for receiving the values of the measurement factors from the sensor or sensors and for setting the pulse length and / or the frequency as a function of the values of the measurement factors. In this exemplary embodiment, the control device 16 automatically adjusts the power of the first energy beam, in particular the pulse length and / or the frequency, i.e. without intervention by the operator.

Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel ist nur die Pulslänge oder nur die Frequenz der Impulse einstellbar, und der jeweils andere Parameter weist einen konstanten, voreingestellten Wert auf.According to one embodiment, only the pulse length or only the frequency of the pulses can be set, and the other parameter in each case has a constant, preset value.

Die Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 weist beispielsweise einen ersten Ausrichtungsmechanismus 24 auf, welcher dazu geeignet ist, die erste Strahlungsquelle 12 relativ zur zu bestrahlenden Oberfläche, insbesondere relativ zur Oberfläche 20 der Schiene 10, auszurichten. Beispielsweise ist der erste Ausrichtungsmechanismus 24 durch eine Datenverbindung 26 mit der Steuerungsvorrichtung 16 verbunden für die Übertragung eines Steuerungssignals zum ersten Ausrichtungsmechanismus 24.The treatment device 8 has, for example, a first alignment mechanism 24 which is suitable for aligning the first radiation source 12 relative to the surface to be irradiated, in particular relative to the surface 20 of the rail 10. For example, the first alignment mechanism 24 is connected to the control device 16 by a data connection 26 for the transmission of a control signal to the first alignment mechanism 24.

Insbesondere ist der erste Ausrichtungsmechanismus 24 dazu geeignet, die erste Strahlungsquelle 12 relativ zur zu bestrahlenden Oberfläche 20 auszurichten, sodass der erste Energiestrahl 18 zu jedem Zeitpunkt auf die Oberfläche 20 der Schiene 10 ausgerichtet ist, vorzugsweise auf den Fokuspunkt oder die Fokusebene in unmittelbarer Nähe der Oberfläche 20.In particular, the first alignment mechanism 24 is suitable for aligning the first radiation source 12 relative to the surface 20 to be irradiated, so that the first energy beam 18 is aligned with the surface 20 of the rail 10 at all times, preferably with the focal point or the focal plane in the immediate vicinity of the Surface 20.

Beispielsweise können Relativbewegungen zwischen der Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 und der Schiene 10 dadurch ausgeglichen werden.For example, relative movements between the treatment device 8 and the rail 10 can thereby be compensated for.

Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel ist der erste Ausrichtungsmechanismus 24 dazu geeignet, die erste Strahlungsquelle 12 derart auszurichten, dass der erste Energiestrahl 18 einen Winkel zwischen 45 und 90 Grad mit der zu bestrahlenden Oberfläche 20 der Schiene 10 bildet, wobei der Winkel insbesondere ungefähr 90 Grad beträgt.According to one embodiment, the first alignment mechanism 24 is suitable for aligning the first radiation source 12 such that the first energy beam 18 forms an angle between 45 and 90 degrees with the surface 20 of the rail 10 to be irradiated, the angle being in particular approximately 90 degrees.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der erste Ausrichtungsmechanismus 24 dazu geeignet, den ersten Energiestrahl 18 derart auszurichten, dass er auf der zu bestrahlenden Oberfläche 20 oszilliert. Beispielsweise ist der erste Ausrichtungsmechanismus 24 dazu geeignet, die erste Strahlungsquelle 12 so zu orientieren, dass sich mit einer Bewegung des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 entlang der Schiene ein sinusförmiger Verlauf des ersten Energiestrahls 18 auf der Oberfläche 20 der Schiene 10 ergibt.According to a preferred embodiment, the first alignment mechanism 24 is suitable for aligning the first energy beam 18 in such a way that it oscillates on the surface 20 to be irradiated. For example, the first alignment mechanism 24 is suitable for orienting the first radiation source 12 in such a way that the rail vehicle 1 moves along the rail a sinusoidal course of the first energy beam 18 on the surface 20 of the rail 10 results.

Die zweite Strahlungsquelle 14 ist dazu geeignet, einen zweiten gepulsten Energiestrahl 28 auszusenden, welcher eine Leistung aufweist, die dazu geeignet ist, eine Oberfläche 30 des Rades 6 des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 durch Leistungseinbringung auf die Oberfläche 30 des Rades 6 zu reinigen.The second radiation source 14 is suitable for emitting a second pulsed energy beam 28, which has a power that is suitable for cleaning a surface 30 of the wheel 6 of the rail vehicle 1 by applying power to the surface 30 of the wheel 6.

Dabei ist in der vorliegenden Beschreibung unter "Leistung" des zweiten Laserstrahls 28 die Energie pro Zeiteinheit zu verstehen, die die zweite Strahlungsquelle 14 in Form des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 ausstrahlt. Diese Leistung ist einstellbar, beispielsweise durch Anpassung der Frequenz der Impulse und/oder der Pulslänge bei konstanter Eingangsleistung.In the present description, the “power” of the second laser beam 28 is to be understood as the energy per unit of time that the second radiation source 14 emits in the form of the second energy beam 28. This power can be adjusted, for example by adapting the frequency of the pulses and / or the pulse length with a constant input power.

Die zweite Strahlungsquelle 14 ist insbesondere dazu geeignet, den zweiten Energiestrahl 28 auf die Oberfläche 30 des Rades 1 auszusenden.The second radiation source 14 is particularly suitable for emitting the second energy beam 28 onto the surface 30 of the wheel 1.

Die Oberfläche 30 des Rades, auch Lauffläche genannt, ist diejenige Oberfläche, die bei einer Fortbewegung des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 mit der Schiene 10 in Kontakt kommt.The surface 30 of the wheel, also called the running surface, is that surface which comes into contact with the rail 10 when the rail vehicle 1 is moving.

Vorteilhafterweise ist die zweite Strahlungsquelle 14 dazu geeignet, den zweiten Energiestrahl 28 im Wesentlichen in unmittelbarer Nähe der Oberfläche 30 zu fokussieren, im Folgenden als "Fokussierung" des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 beschrieben. Unter "in unmittelbarer Nähe der Oberfläche" wird beispielsweise eine Distanz eines Fokuspunktes oder einer Fokusfläche und der Oberfläche 30 zwischen einer halben und zwei Wellenlängen des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 verstanden.The second radiation source 14 is advantageously suitable for focusing the second energy beam 28 essentially in the immediate vicinity of the surface 30, described below as “focusing” the second energy beam 28. “In the immediate vicinity of the surface” is understood to mean, for example, a distance between a focal point or a focal area and the surface 30 between half a wavelength and two wavelengths of the second energy beam 28.

Die zweite Strahlungsquelle 14 ist des Weiteren vorteilhafterweise dazu geeignet, den zweiten Energiestrahl 28 zu formen, das heißt den zweiten Energiestrahl 28 so zu begrenzen, dass er eine vordefinierte Kontur oder Form beim Auftreffen auf die Oberfläche 30 aufweist. Beispielsweise weist die zweite Strahlungsquelle 14 optische Vorrichtungen, wie zum Beispiel Linsen, auf, welche dazu geeignet sind, dem zweiten Energiestrahl 28 eine vordefinierte Kontur oder Form zu verleihen. Dies wird im Folgenden als "Strahlformung" beschrieben.The second radiation source 14 is furthermore advantageously suitable for shaping the second energy beam 28, that is to say limiting the second energy beam 28 in such a way that it has a predefined contour or shape when it strikes the surface 30. For example, the second radiation source 14 has optical devices, such as, for example, lenses, which are suitable for imparting a predefined contour or shape to the second energy beam 28. This is described below as "beam shaping".

Die zweite Strahlungsquelle 14 ist eine Laserstrahlquelle.The second radiation source 14 is a laser beam source.

Der Fachmann ist in der Lage, die Leistung des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 für eine Reinigung des Rades 6 entsprechend auszuwählen.The person skilled in the art is able to appropriately select the power of the second energy beam 28 for cleaning the wheel 6.

Vorteilhafterweise ist der Fachmann zudem in der Lage, eine geeignete Fokussierung und Strahlformung des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 auswählen. Dabei wählt der Fachmann die Leistung des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 so, dass eine Reinigung der Oberfläche 30 des Rades 6 erzielt wird. Gleichzeitig wählt der Fachmann die Leistung des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 entsprechend, um Gefügeveränderungen des Materials des Rades 6 zu vermeiden.The person skilled in the art is also advantageously able to select a suitable focusing and beam shaping of the second energy beam 28. It chooses those skilled in the art adjust the power of the second energy beam 28 so that cleaning of the surface 30 of the wheel 6 is achieved. At the same time, the person skilled in the art selects the power of the second energy beam 28 accordingly in order to avoid structural changes in the material of the wheel 6.

Vorteilhafterweise wählt der Fachmann ebenfalls die Fokussierung und/oder Strahlformung des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 so, dass eine Reinigung der Oberfläche 20 des Rades 6 erzielt wird, und gleichzeitig Gefügeveränderungen des Materials des Rades 6 vermieden werden.The person skilled in the art also advantageously selects the focusing and / or beam shaping of the second energy beam 28 in such a way that the surface 20 of the wheel 6 is cleaned and, at the same time, changes in the structure of the material of the wheel 6 are avoided.

Die Leistung und gegebenenfalls der Fokuspunkt des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 wird/werden insbesondere so eingestellt, dass die Leistung insbesondere in einer Fokusebene oder einem Fokuspunkt gebündelt ist. Dies ist insbesondere förderlich, um Verschmutzungen sicher zu entfernen. Gleichzeitig übersteigt beispielsweise der Energieeintrag in das Material des Rades 6, insbesondere Metall, außerhalb des der Fokusebene oder des Fokuspunktes 5W/mm2 nicht.The power and, if applicable, the focal point of the second energy beam 28 is / are set in particular such that the power is bundled in particular in a focal plane or a focal point. This is particularly useful for safely removing dirt. At the same time, for example, the energy input into the material of the wheel 6, in particular metal, outside of the focal plane or the focal point does not exceed 5W / mm 2.

Die Leistung des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 wird durch den Fachmann in Abhängigkeit von einem oder mehreren Faktoren eingestellt. Diese Faktoren umfassen beispielsweise die Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 während des Betriebs der Behandlungsvorrichtung 8, den Verschmutzungsgrad des Rades 6, sowie das Material des Rades 6.The power of the second energy beam 28 is adjusted by the person skilled in the art as a function of one or more factors. These factors include, for example, the speed of the rail vehicle 1 during operation of the treatment device 8, the degree of soiling of the wheel 6 and the material of the wheel 6.

Gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der zweite Energiestrahl 28 so eingestellt, dass er eine Energieeinbringung pro Fläche von weniger als 70 · 10-3J/ m2 aufweist. Dies entspricht beispielsweise 70 · l0-3 Nm/m 2 = 70 mN/m. According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, the second energy beam 28 is set in such a way that it has an energy input per area of less than 70 · 10 -3 J / m 2 . This corresponds, for example, to 70 · 10 -3 Nm / m 2 = 70 mN / m.

Die Leistung des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 ist insbesondere durch eine Veränderung der Frequenz der Pulse und/oder eine Veränderung der Pulslänge des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 einstellbar.The power of the second energy beam 28 can be adjusted in particular by changing the frequency of the pulses and / or changing the pulse length of the second energy beam 28.

Der Fachmann ist in der Lage, die Frequenz und/oder die Pulslänge des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 derart auszuwählen, dass eine Leistung des ersten Energiestrahls erzielt wird, welche eine Reinigung des Rades 6 ermöglicht.The person skilled in the art is able to select the frequency and / or the pulse length of the second energy beam 28 in such a way that a power of the first energy beam is achieved which enables the wheel 6 to be cleaned.

Die Frequenz der Impulse des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 wird beispielsweise so gewählt, dass bei gegebener Strahlformung in Abhängigkeit der Geschwindigkeit die Oberfläche 30 des Rades 6 mit ausreichend Leistung beaufschlagt wird.The frequency of the pulses of the second energy beam 28 is selected, for example, in such a way that with a given beam formation, depending on the speed, the surface 30 of the wheel 6 is subjected to sufficient power.

Die Frequenz der Impulse des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 wird beispielsweise vom Fachmann in Abhängigkeit eines oder mehrerer Faktoren eingestellt. Diese Faktoren umfassen beispielsweise die Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs 1, mit der das Schienenfahrzeug 1 während des Betriebes der Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 fährt. Insbesondere erhöht der Fachmann die Frequenz der Impulse mit einer Erhöhung der Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 und verringert die Frequenz mit einer Verringerung der Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs 1. Weitere Faktoren sind beispielsweise die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit des Rades 6, welche insbesondere wegen Schlupf bei Anfahren, Beschleunigen und Bremsen um beispielsweise etwa 15% differieren kann von der Umfangsgeschwindigkeit, die sich ohne Schlupf Rad 6 zu Schiene 10 ergeben würde.The frequency of the pulses of the second energy beam 28 is set, for example, by a person skilled in the art as a function of one or more factors. These factors include, for example, the speed of the rail vehicle 1 at which the rail vehicle 1 travels during the operation of the treatment device 8. In particular, the person skilled in the art increases the frequency of the pulses with an increase in the Speed of the rail vehicle 1 and reduces the frequency with a reduction in the speed of the rail vehicle 1. Further factors are, for example, the circumferential speed of the wheel 6, which can differ by about 15% from the circumferential speed, especially due to slip when starting, accelerating and braking, for example would result in wheel 6 to rail 10 without slip.

Die Pulslänge des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 wird durch den Fachmann in Abhängigkeit von einem oder mehreren Faktoren eingestellt. Diese Faktoren umfassen beispielsweise die Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 während des Betriebs der Behandlungsvorrichtung 8, den Verschmutzungsgrad des Rades 6 sowie das Material des Rades 6.The pulse length of the second energy beam 28 is set by the person skilled in the art as a function of one or more factors. These factors include, for example, the speed of the rail vehicle 1 during operation of the treatment device 8, the degree of soiling of the wheel 6 and the material of the wheel 6.

Die Pulslänge beträgt beispielsweise zwischen einer Femtosekunde und 100 Picosekunden.The pulse length is, for example, between one femtosecond and 100 picoseconds.

Insbesondere stellt der Fachmann die Pulslänge des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 so ein, dass eine zufriedenstellende Reinigung der Oberfläche 30 des Rades 6 erzielt wird, aber gleichzeitig der zweite Energiestrahl 28 nur so weit in die Oberfläche 30 des Rades 6 eindringt, dass Gefügeveränderungen des Materials des Rades 6 vermieden werden.In particular, the person skilled in the art sets the pulse length of the second energy beam 28 so that a satisfactory cleaning of the surface 30 of the wheel 6 is achieved, but at the same time the second energy beam 28 penetrates only so far into the surface 30 of the wheel 6 that structural changes in the material of the wheel 6 can be avoided.

In einer Ausführungsform weist die Behandlungsvorrichtung 8, zusätzlich oder alternativ zu den oben beschriebenen Sensoren zur Messung von Messfaktoren, einen Sensor zur Messung des Verschmutzungsgrades des Rades 6 auf.In one embodiment, the treatment device 8 has, in addition or as an alternative to the sensors described above for measuring measurement factors, a sensor for measuring the degree of soiling of the wheel 6.

Die Leistung des zweiten Energiestrahls 28, insbesondere die Pulslänge und/oder die Frequenz des zweiten Energiestrahls 28, wird beispielweise in Abhängigkeit eines oder mehrerer der oben genannten Faktoren, von einer Bedienperson der Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 eingestellt. Dabei berücksichtigt die Bedienperson einige oder alle der oben genannten Faktoren. Beispielsweise wird die Frequenz des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 ausschließlich in Abhängigkeit der Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 eingestellt und die Pulslänge in Abhängigkeit vom Verschmutzungsgrad des Rades 8 und gegebenenfalls ebenfalls von der Geschwindigkeit des Schienenfahrzeugs 1.The power of the second energy beam 28, in particular the pulse length and / or the frequency of the second energy beam 28, is set by an operator of the treatment device 8, for example as a function of one or more of the above-mentioned factors. In doing so, the operator takes into account some or all of the above factors. For example, the frequency of the second energy beam 28 is set exclusively as a function of the speed of the rail vehicle 1 and the pulse length is set as a function of the degree of contamination of the wheel 8 and possibly also on the speed of the rail vehicle 1.

Gemäß einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Steuerungsvorrichtung 16 dazu eingerichtet, die Leistung, insbesondere die Pulslänge und/oder die Frequenz des zweiten Energiestrahls 28, einzustellen.According to another exemplary embodiment, the control device 16 is set up to set the power, in particular the pulse length and / or the frequency of the second energy beam 28.

Diese Einstellung erfolgt insbesondere in Abhängigkeit der gemessenen Werte der Messfaktoren. Die Steuerungsvorrichtung 16 ist dazu geeignet, die Werte der Messfaktoren von dem Sensor oder den Sensoren zu erhalten und die Pulslänge und/oder die Frequenz in Abhängigkeit der Werte der Messfaktoren einzustellen. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel stellt die Steuerungsvorrichtung 16 die Leistung, insbesondere die Pulslänge und/oder die Frequenz der Impulse des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 automatisch, d.h. ohne Eingreifen durch die Bedienperson, ein.This setting is made in particular as a function of the measured values of the measurement factors. The control device 16 is suitable for receiving the values of the measurement factors from the sensor or sensors and for setting the pulse length and / or the frequency as a function of the values of the measurement factors. In In this exemplary embodiment, the control device 16 automatically sets the power, in particular the pulse length and / or the frequency of the pulses of the second energy beam 28, that is to say without intervention by the operator.

Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel ist nur die Pulslänge oder nur die Frequenz der Impulse des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 einstellbar, und der jeweils andere Parameter weist einen konstanten, voreingestellten Wert auf.According to one embodiment, only the pulse length or only the frequency of the pulses of the second energy beam 28 can be set, and the other parameter in each case has a constant, preset value.

Die Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 weist beispielsweise einen zweiten Ausrichtungsmechanismus 32 auf, welcher dazu geeignet ist, die zweite Strahlungsquelle 14 relativ zur zu bestrahlenden Oberfläche, insbesondere relativ zur Oberfläche 30 des Rades 6, auszurichten. Beispielsweise ist der zweite Ausrichtungsmechanismus 14 durch eine Datenverbindung 34 mit der Steuerungsvorrichtung 16 verbunden für die Übertragung eines Steuerungssignals zum zweiten Ausrichtungsmechanismus 32.The treatment device 8 has, for example, a second alignment mechanism 32 which is suitable for aligning the second radiation source 14 relative to the surface to be irradiated, in particular relative to the surface 30 of the wheel 6. For example, the second alignment mechanism 14 is connected to the control device 16 by a data connection 34 for the transmission of a control signal to the second alignment mechanism 32.

Insbesondere ist der zweite Ausrichtungsmechanismus 32 dazu geeignet, die zweite Strahlungsquelle 14 relativ zur zu bestrahlenden Oberfläche 30 auszurichten, sodass der zweite Energiestrahl 28 zu jedem Zeitpunkt auf die Oberfläche 30 des Rades 6 gerichtet ist. Beispielsweise können Relativbewegungen zwischen der Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 und des Rades 6 dadurch ausgeglichen werden.In particular, the second alignment mechanism 32 is suitable for aligning the second radiation source 14 relative to the surface 30 to be irradiated, so that the second energy beam 28 is directed at the surface 30 of the wheel 6 at all times. For example, relative movements between the treatment device 8 and the wheel 6 can thereby be compensated for.

Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel ist der zweite Ausrichtungsmechanismus 32 dazu geeignet, die zweite Strahlungsquelle 28 derart auszurichten, dass der zweite Energiestrahl 28 einen Winkel zwischen 45 und 90 Grad mit der zu bestrahlenden Oberfläche 30 des Rades 6 bildet, wobei der Winkel insbesondere ungefähr 90 Grad beträgt.According to one embodiment, the second alignment mechanism 32 is suitable for aligning the second radiation source 28 such that the second energy beam 28 forms an angle between 45 and 90 degrees with the surface 30 of the wheel 6 to be irradiated, the angle being in particular approximately 90 degrees.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der zweite Ausrichtungsmechanismus 32 dazu geeignet, den zweiten Energiestrahl 28 derart auszurichten, dass er auf der zu bestrahlenden Oberfläche 30 oszilliert. Beispielsweise ist der zweite Ausrichtungsmechanismus 32 dazu geeignet, die zweite Strahlungsquelle 14 so zu orientieren, dass sich mit einer Bewegung des Schienenfahrzeugs 1 ein sinusförmiger Verlauf des zweiten Energiestrahls 28 auf der Oberfläche 30 des Rades 6 ergibt.According to a preferred embodiment, the second alignment mechanism 32 is suitable for aligning the second energy beam 28 such that it oscillates on the surface 30 to be irradiated. For example, the second alignment mechanism 32 is suitable for orienting the second radiation source 14 such that a movement of the rail vehicle 1 results in a sinusoidal course of the second energy beam 28 on the surface 30 of the wheel 6.

Die Steuerungsvorrichtung 16 ist insbesondere dazu geeignet, die erste und zweite Strahlungsquelle 12, 14, insbesondere durch entsprechende Datenverbindungen 36, 38 zu steuern. Insbesondere ist die Steuerungsvorrichtung 16 dazu geeignet, die erste Strahlungsquelle 12 und die zweite Strahlungsquelle 14 gleichzeitig zu steuern. Die Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 ist somit dazu geeignet, gemeinsam die Oberfläche 20 der Schiene 10 und die Oberfläche 30 des Rades 6 zu reinigen.The control device 16 is particularly suitable for controlling the first and second radiation sources 12, 14, in particular by means of corresponding data connections 36, 38. In particular, the control device 16 is suitable for controlling the first radiation source 12 and the second radiation source 14 at the same time. The treatment device 8 is thus suitable for jointly cleaning the surface 20 of the rail 10 and the surface 30 of the wheel 6.

Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel weisen der erste und/oder der zweite Energiestrahl 18, 28 einen Durchmesser zwischen 1 und 3 mm beim Auftreffen auf die zu reinigende Oberfläche 20, 30 auf. Gemäß einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel weist der erste und/oder der zweite Energiestrahl 18, 28 beim Auftreffen auf die zu reinigende Oberfläche 20, 30 einen Durchmesser von bis zu 5 Zentimetern auf.According to an exemplary embodiment, the first and / or the second energy beam 18, 28 have a diameter between 1 and 3 mm when they strike the surface 20, 30 to be cleaned. According to another exemplary embodiment, the first and / or the second energy beam 18, 28 has a diameter of up to 5 centimeters when it hits the surface 20, 30 to be cleaned.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform umfasst die erste und zweite Strahlungsquelle 12, 14 eine einzige Strahlungsquelle, wie beispielsweise eine einzige Laserstrahlquelle. Ein Energiestrahl, der von der einzigen Strahlungsquelle ausgesendet wird, wird beispielsweise durch optische Vorrichtungen umgelenkt und in den ersten und zweiten Energiestrahl 18, 28 geteilt.According to one embodiment, the first and second radiation sources 12, 14 comprise a single radiation source, such as a single laser beam source. An energy beam that is emitted by the single radiation source is deflected, for example, by optical devices and divided into the first and second energy beams 18, 28.

Gemäß alternativen Ausführungsformen umfasst die Behandlungsvorrichtung 8 eine beliebige Kombination der beschriebenen Varianten und Ausführungsformen.According to alternative embodiments, the treatment device 8 comprises any combination of the variants and embodiments described.

Insbesondere wird im Rahmen der Erfindung nur ein Teil des ersten oder zweiten Energiestrahls 18, 28 von der zu reinigenden Oberfläche 20, 30 absorbiert. Die vom Material absorbierte Energie führt zu einer Erwärmung der Oberfläche. Wie dieser Prozess genau abläuft hängt davon ab, mit welcher Pulsbreite (Millisekunden, Nanosekunden, Femtosekunden) gearbeitet wird. Ab einer bestimmten Schwellwertfluenz wird die Oberfläche derart erhitzt, dass diese entsprechend verändert wird. Abhängig vom Material und der erreichten Temperatur kommt es zur Veränderung des Gefüges des bestrahlten Materials bis hin zum Aufschmelzen der Oberfläche. Hierbei verändert sich zusätzlich die Absorption des Laserlichts abhängig vom erreichten Aggregatzustand des Materials.In particular, within the scope of the invention, only part of the first or second energy beam 18, 28 is absorbed by the surface 20, 30 to be cleaned. The energy absorbed by the material causes the surface to heat up. How this process takes place depends on the pulse width (milliseconds, nanoseconds, femtoseconds) used. From a certain threshold fluence, the surface is heated in such a way that it is changed accordingly. Depending on the material and the temperature reached, the structure of the irradiated material changes and the surface melts. The absorption of the laser light also changes depending on the physical state of the material reached.

Der Fachmann wählt also insbesondere den ersten und/oder zweiten Energistrahl 18, 28 so, dass die Schwellwertfluenz nicht überschritten wird und dennoch eine ausreichende Reinigung erfolgt. Beispiele sind folgende: Die Anwendung eines Energiestrahls, insbesondere eines Laserstrahls, mit einer Energie von 100 Watt, einem Spotdurchmesser von 0,1mm und einer Bestrahlungsdauer von 1 Sekunde führt zu Gravurvorgängen auf einer Oberfläche, wobei das Material welches die Oberfläche formt, insbesondere Stahl enthält. Die Anwendung eines Energiestrahls, insbesondere eines Laserstrahls, mit einer Energie von 100 Watt, einem Spotdurchmesser von 0,3mm und einer Bestrahlungsdauer von 1 Sekunde führt zu Erwärmung und kann zu Reinigungszwecken genutzt werden. Die Anwendung eines Energiestrahls, insbesondere eines Laserstrahls, mit einer Energie von 100 Watt, einem Spotdurchmesser von 1mm und einer Bestrahlungsdauer von 1 Sekunde bleibt ohne wesentliche Auswirkung auf die Oberfläche. Der Fachmann wählt also entsprechende Energiestrahlen für die Reinigung der entsprechenden Oberflächen 20, 30.The person skilled in the art thus in particular selects the first and / or second energy beam 18, 28 such that the threshold fluence is not exceeded and sufficient cleaning still takes place. Examples are as follows: The use of an energy beam, in particular a laser beam, with an energy of 100 watts, a spot diameter of 0.1 mm and an irradiation time of 1 second leads to engraving processes on a surface, the material which forms the surface, in particular containing steel . The use of an energy beam, in particular a laser beam, with an energy of 100 watts, a spot diameter of 0.3 mm and an irradiation time of 1 second leads to heating and can be used for cleaning purposes. The use of an energy beam, in particular a laser beam, with an energy of 100 watts, a spot diameter of 1mm and an irradiation time of 1 second has no significant effect on the surface. The person skilled in the art thus selects corresponding energy beams for cleaning the corresponding surfaces 20, 30.

Claims (8)

  1. A rail vehicle (1) comprising at least one wheel (6) and a treatment device (8), which is configured to emit an energy beam (18), which has a power, which is suitable for cleaning a surface (20) of a rail (10) to be traveled on by the rail vehicle (1) by applying power to the surface (20) of the rail (10),
    wherein the treatment device (8) is further configured to emit a second energy beam (28), which has a power, which is suitable for cleaning a surface (30) of the at least one wheel (6) of the rail vehicle (1) by applying power to the surface (30) of the at least one wheel (6),
    characterized in that
    the first and/or the second energy beam (18, 28) is a pulsed laser beam with a pulse length between a femtosecond and 100 picoseconds.
  2. The rail vehicle (1) according to claim 1, wherein the treatment device (8) comprises at least one alignment mechanism (24, 32) for aligning the first and/or the second pulsed energy beam (18, 28) relative to the surface (20, 30) to be cleaned.
  3. The rail vehicle (1) according to claim 2, where the alignment mechanism (24, 32) is suitable for emitting the first and/or the second pulsed energy beam (18, 28) in such a manner that the pulsed energy beam (18, 28) forms an angle between 45 and 90 degrees with the surface (20, 30) to be cleaned, wherein the angle is in particular approximately 90 degrees.
  4. The rail vehicle (1) according to any one of claims 2 and 3, wherein the treatment device (8) is suitable for aligning the first and/or the second pulsed energy beam (18, 28) in such a manner that the respective pulsed energy beam (18, 28) oscillates on the surface (20, 30) to be cleaned.
  5. The rail vehicle (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the treatment device (8) is suitable for setting the pulse length of the first pulsed energy beam (18) as a function of the degree of soiling of the rail (10), and for setting a pulse length of the second pulsed energy beam (28) as a function of a degree of soiling of the wheel (6).
  6. The rail vehicle (1) according to claims 1 to 5, which has a car body (2) and a bogie (4) and wherein the treatment device (8) is fastened to the car body (2) or to the bogie (4).
  7. The rail vehicle (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises at least two treatment devices (8).
  8. The rail vehicle (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in which at least one of the wheels (6) is a driven wheel and which has at least one treatment device (8) per driven wheel, wherein the treatment device (8) is arranged in a direction of travel of the rail vehicle (1) in front of the driven wheel.
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DE202020005469U1 (en) 2021-04-29
EP3683116A1 (en) 2020-07-22
DE102019101373A1 (en) 2020-07-23

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