EP3679658A2 - Symbolqualitätsschätzung für adaptive strahlformung - Google Patents

Symbolqualitätsschätzung für adaptive strahlformung

Info

Publication number
EP3679658A2
EP3679658A2 EP18793526.7A EP18793526A EP3679658A2 EP 3679658 A2 EP3679658 A2 EP 3679658A2 EP 18793526 A EP18793526 A EP 18793526A EP 3679658 A2 EP3679658 A2 EP 3679658A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
symbol
threshold
power
estimator
quality
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP18793526.7A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andrew S BAEK
Thompson Truong
Othon Equihua
Kevin Kanemori
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Northrop Grumman Systems Corp
Original Assignee
Northrop Grumman Systems Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Northrop Grumman Systems Corp filed Critical Northrop Grumman Systems Corp
Publication of EP3679658A2 publication Critical patent/EP3679658A2/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
    • H04B7/0848—Joint weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
    • H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals

Definitions

  • a method for performing efficient hardware implementation of adaptive beam-forming includes: computing a threshold for a symbol describing a beam; estimating a power for a symbol; using the threshold, selecting a symbol having a power below the threshold; using the selected symbols, calculating an average power of the selected symbols having second through nth highest powers; using the average power, estimating a symbol quality; transmitting a reference symbol; receiving the reference symbol; using the received reference symbol, estimating an alpha quality; and using one or more of the symbol quality estimate and the alpha quality estimate, computing a weight for one or more of the symbols.
  • An apparatus for performing efficient hardware implementation of adaptive beam-forming includes: a symbol quality estimator configured to estimate a quality of a symbol, the symbol quality estimator including: a threshold estimator configured to estimate a threshold of a symbol; a power adjuster configured to adjust symbol power, the power adjuster operably connected to the threshold estimator; a symbol power estimator configured to estimate power of the symbol, the symbol power estimator operably connected to the power adjuster, the symbol power estimator operably connected to the threshold estimator; and a symbol selector that selects a symbol having power below the threshold, the symbol selector operably connected to the threshold estimator; an alpha quality estimator configured to transmit a reference symbol, the alpha quality estimator further configured to receive the reference symbol, the alpha quality estimator further configured, using the transmitted reference symbol and the received reference symbol, to estimate a quality estimation parameter alpha (a); and a symbol weight computer, the symbol weight computer operably connected to the symbol quality estimator, the symbol weight computer also operably connected to the alpha quality estimator, the symbol
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for efficient hardware implementation of adaptive beam-forming.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a symbol quality estimator used by an apparatus for efficient hardware implementation of adaptive beam-forming.
  • Figure 3 is a flowchart of a method for efficient hardware implementation of adaptive beam-forming.
  • Embodiments of the invention provide a method and apparatus for efficient hardware implementation of adaptive beam-forming. More specifically, embodiments of the invention provide a method and apparatus for hardware architecture and implementation of multiple antenna beam-forming configured to meet performance requirements with highly efficient hardware implementation.
  • a matrix inversion becomes highly complex for hardware implementation as a number of beams increases.
  • a direct inversion computation is practical only up to three beams.
  • direct inversion involves mathematical formation that is not amenable for hardware implementation.
  • QR decomposition becomes far more efficient as it processes beam signals with a systolic topology that allows extensive time-sharing of core processing elements.
  • the hardware design includes mechanisms to address high dynamic range situations imposed by high power interferers.
  • the techniques include a dynamic scaling and variable beam combining.
  • the power can be approximated using the following equation:
  • I is an in-phase channel
  • Q is a quadrature channel
  • the threshold can be updated over time.
  • the threshold is controllable by a user.
  • the threshold can be computed on the ground.
  • the threshold can be computed offline on the ground.
  • the threshold can be updated from the ground over time.
  • the threshold can comprise a default value.
  • the threshold can be the same for each beam.
  • the threshold can be different for different beams.
  • the threshold can be calibrated according to a region where a beam originates.
  • the threshold can be computed in real time by a processor.
  • the threshold can be computed in real time by a processor separate from a satellite that generates the beams.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus 100 for efficient hardware implementation of adaptive beam-forming.
  • the apparatus 100 comprises a symbol quality estimator 1 10 configured to estimate a quality of a symbol.
  • the symbol quality estimator 1 10 is configured to estimate the quality of the symbol using one or more of regular quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), phase-shift keying (PSK), amplitude and phase-shift keying (APSK), binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), differential phase-shift keying (DPSK), symmetrical differential phase-shift keying (SDPSK), and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signaling formats.
  • QPSK quadrature phase shift keying
  • PSK phase-shift keying
  • APSK amplitude and phase-shift keying
  • BPSK binary phase-shift keying
  • DPSK differential phase-shift keying
  • SDPSK symmetrical differential phase-shift keying
  • QAM quadrature amplitude modulation
  • the apparatus 100 further comprises an alpha quality estimator 120 configured to estimate a quality estimation parameter alpha (a).
  • the alpha quality estimator 120 is operably connected to the symbol quality estimator 1 10.
  • the alpha quality estimator 120 is configured to transmit a reference symbol.
  • the alpha quality estimator 120 is further configured to receive the reference symbol.
  • the alpha quality estimator 120 is further configured, using the transmitted reference symbol and the received reference symbol, to estimate the quality estimation parameter alpha.
  • the symbol quality estimator 1 10 further comprises a threshold estimator 130 configured to estimate a threshold of the symbol.
  • the symbol quality estimator 1 10 further comprises a power adjuster 140 configured to adjust symbol power, the power adjuster 140 being operably connected to the threshold estimator 130.
  • the symbol quality estimator 1 10 further comprises a symbol power estimator 150 configured to estimate power of the symbol, the symbol power estimator 150 being operably connected to to the power adjuster 140, the symbol power estimator 150 also operably connected to the threshold estimator 130.
  • the symbol quality estimator 1 10 further comprises a symbol selector 160 that selects a symbol, the symbol selector 160 being operably connected to the threshold estimator 130.
  • the symbol selector 160 comprises a comparator that compares symbol power with the threshold estimate. For example, the symbol selector 160 selects a symbol having a power below the threshold.
  • the symbol quality estimator 1 10 is operably connected to a symbol weight computer 170.
  • the symbol quality estimator 1 10 is operably connected to the symbol weight computer 170 via the symbol selector 160.
  • the symbol weight computer 170 is operably connected to the alpha quality estimator 120.
  • the symbol weight computer 170 is configured to compute a symbol weight using one or more of the symbol quality estimate and the alpha quality estimate.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a symbol quality estimator 200 used by an apparatus for efficient hardware implementation of adaptive beam-forming. Beams 210A-210G are each incident on the symbol quality estimator 200.
  • the symbol quality estimator 200 comprises threshold estimators 220A- 220G.
  • the symbol quality estimator 220 also comprises symbol power estimators 230A-230G.
  • the symbol power estimators 230A-230G are configured to approximate symbol power using symbol magnitude.
  • the power adjuster 140 performs a "shift and add" function for a constant multiplier which in this example is 6, multiplying symbol quality by 6 so as to save on computation costs relative to a division by 6 on the threshold estimation side.
  • a constant multiplier which in this example is 6, multiplying symbol quality by 6 so as to save on computation costs relative to a division by 6 on the threshold estimation side.
  • an integrator is maintained on the summation of the value of six symbols having the highest powers.
  • an integrator is maintained on the summation of the value of six symbols having the highest magnitudes.
  • a "sliding window method" is used to remove a symbol having a minimum magnitude value of the remaining symbols in a rolling process. In this rolling "sliding window” process, the removed symbol is replaced with a symbol having a next higher magnitude value.
  • the beam-forming is performed using a "2+40" mode comprising two header symbols and 40 payload symbols.
  • the threshold is the same for the symbols having second through nth highest magnitudes. For example, n
  • the symbol quality estimator 200 further comprises comparators 240A- 240G. For at least one beam, and preferably for each beam, the comparators 240A- 240G compare the computed symbol power as computed by the symbol power estimators 230A-230G with the threshold estimated by the threshold estimators 220A-220G.
  • the symbol quality estimator 200 further comprises a summer 250.
  • the comparator 240A-240G transmits the value to the summer 250.
  • the summer 250 sums the six highest magnitude symbols. Once the process completes on a given hop, the summer 250 transmits the result as output of the symbol quality estimator 200.
  • Figure 3 is a flowchart of a method 300 for efficient hardware implementation of adaptive beam-forming.
  • the order of the steps in the method 300 is not constrained to that shown in Figure 3 or described in the following discussion. Several of the steps could occur in a different order without affecting the final result.
  • step 310 a threshold is computed for a symbol describing a beam. Block 310 then transfers control to block 320.
  • step 320 a power is estimated for the symbol. For example, estimating comprises approximating power as a magnitude. Block 320 then transfers control to block 330.
  • step 330 using the threshold, a symbol is selected having a power below the threshold. Block 330 then transfers control to block 340.
  • step 340 using the selected symbols, an average power of the selected symbols having second through nth highest powers is calculated. Block 340 then transfers control to block 350.
  • step 350 using the average power, a symbol quality is estimated. Block 350 then transfers control to block 360.
  • step 360 a reference symbol Is transmitted. Block 360 then transfers control to block 370.
  • step 370 the reference symbol Is received.
  • Block 370 then transfers control to block 380.
  • step 380 using the received reference symbol, an alpha quality is estimated.
  • Block 380 then transfers control to block 390.
  • step 390 using one or more of the symbol quality and the alpha quality estimate, a weight is computed for one or more of the symbols. Block 390 then terminates the process.
  • the computing step comprises computing the threshold using the following equation:
  • ⁇ s.th is estimated beam magnitude after computing using the symbols s and for the threshold fh, wherein the beam-forming Is performed using a "2+40" mode comprising two header symbols and 40 payload symbols.
  • the calculating step comprises approximating power using the following equation:
  • n seven
  • the beam-forming is performed using a "2+40" mode comprising two header symbols and 40 payioad symbols
  • ⁇ 2 s,th is beam power after computing using the symbols s and for the threshold th.
  • S 2 is symbol power
  • ⁇ s , th is estimated beam magnitude after computing using the symbols s and for the threshold th, and is estimated symbol magnitude.
  • Embodiments of the invention may be applied to a wide variety of contexts including, for example, regular quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), phase-shift keying (PSK), amplitude and phase-shift keying (APSK), binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), differentia! phase-shift keying (DPSK), symmetrical differential phase-shift keying (SDPSK), and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signaling formats.
  • QPSK quadrature phase shift keying
  • PSK phase-shift keying
  • APSK binary phase-shift keying
  • BPSK binary phase-shift keying
  • DPSK differentia! phase-shift keying
  • SDPSK symmetrical differential phase-shift keying
  • QAM quadrature amplitude modulation
  • Advantages of the invention include highly efficient real-time computation of beam weights with a wide dynamic range.
  • the high performance real-time computation has a significant Impact on the mitigation of time-varying interferences. Excluding the highest value from the power computation can help reduce or remove extreme bias in the threshold computation in a jamming scenario, improving performance. Estimating magnitude rather than power saves significantly on computation costs. Estimated magnitude reduces sizing cost by at least 2 multiplication operations per beam.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
EP18793526.7A 2017-10-25 2018-10-01 Symbolqualitätsschätzung für adaptive strahlformung Ceased EP3679658A2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/793,436 US10014926B1 (en) 2017-10-25 2017-10-25 Symbol quality estimation for adaptive beam-forming
PCT/US2018/053727 WO2019083690A2 (en) 2017-10-25 2018-10-01 SYMBOL QUALITY EVALUATION FOR ADAPTIVE BEAM FORMATION

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3679658A2 true EP3679658A2 (de) 2020-07-15

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EP18793526.7A Ceased EP3679658A2 (de) 2017-10-25 2018-10-01 Symbolqualitätsschätzung für adaptive strahlformung

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US (1) US10014926B1 (de)
EP (1) EP3679658A2 (de)
JP (1) JP7194319B2 (de)
WO (1) WO2019083690A2 (de)

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CN1757178A (zh) * 2003-03-05 2006-04-05 美商内数位科技公司 已接收通信信号处理方法及无线通信设备组件
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US10014926B1 (en) 2018-07-03
WO2019083690A2 (en) 2019-05-02
JP7194319B2 (ja) 2022-12-22
JP2021501502A (ja) 2021-01-14

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