EP3676541B1 - Heating apparatus comprising a battery and a power inverter for introducing energy from the battery to the electrical supply source - Google Patents

Heating apparatus comprising a battery and a power inverter for introducing energy from the battery to the electrical supply source Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3676541B1
EP3676541B1 EP18800249.7A EP18800249A EP3676541B1 EP 3676541 B1 EP3676541 B1 EP 3676541B1 EP 18800249 A EP18800249 A EP 18800249A EP 3676541 B1 EP3676541 B1 EP 3676541B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
power source
electrical
storage device
linking
Prior art date
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Application number
EP18800249.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3676541A1 (en
Inventor
Raphaël MEYER
Gilles Moreau
Pierre SCHEFLER
Benjamin KOSICKI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lancey Energy Storage SAS
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Lancey Energy Storage SAS
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0411—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between for domestic or space-heating systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/0252—Domestic applications
    • H05B1/0275—Heating of spaces, e.g. rooms, wardrobes
    • H05B1/0277—Electric radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/08—Foundations or supports plates; Legs or pillars; Casings; Wheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C7/00—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
    • F24C7/002—Stoves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/002—Air heaters using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/30—Fuel cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/40—Photovoltaic [PV] modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/20—Heat consumers
    • F24D2220/2009—Radiators
    • F24D2220/2036—Electric radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2240/00—Fluid heaters having electrical generators
    • F24H2240/01—Batteries, electrical energy storage device

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heating appliance of the electric radiator type having a casing enclosing an electric energy storage device, first connecting elements for making it possible to connect the electric energy storage device to an external electric power source to the apparatus, at least one heating element producing a flow of calories when an input of the heating element is supplied by an electric voltage, second connecting elements for making it possible to connect the input of the heater at an output of the electrical energy storage device and third connecting elements to make it possible to connect the input of the heating member to the electrical power source.
  • the invention also relates to an electrical installation comprising an electrical power source delivering an electrical voltage and at least one such heating device.
  • the electrical power source to which the heating appliance is connected delivers an alternating electrical voltage.
  • This is typically the local electrical network.
  • an electrical energy storage device typically in the form of a battery pack. This makes it possible to store the energy used by the heating member, with a view to spacing out the consumption of electricity over time.
  • the heating member can be powered directly by the electrical power source and/or by the electrical energy storage device, the latter being recharged by the electrical power source.
  • the present invention aims to solve all or part of the drawbacks presented above.
  • an objective is to provide a heating device that can be used directly in an energy management system.
  • Such a heating appliance has the advantage of making it possible to reinject, in the form of an alternating current, a certain quantity of electrical energy stored in its electrical energy storage device towards an electrical power source operating under alternating voltage. , typically the local electrical network, to participate in energy management. Its integration into a building's energy management system is greatly facilitated.
  • the heating device can also meet the technical characteristics presented below, taken individually or in combination.
  • the inverter comprises heat sinks producing a second flow of calories with the calories generated by the inverter and the second flow is mixed with the first flow of calories generated by the heating member.
  • the first connection elements comprise second connection elements connecting an input of the electrical energy storage device to the electrical power source, said second connection elements comprising on the one hand a voltage converter housed in the casing and having an input supplied by the electrical power source and an output connected to the input of the electrical energy storage device, on the other hand second switching elements for varying the second connection elements between an open circuit configuration and a closed circuit configuration in which electrical energy from the electrical power source is injected into the electrical energy storage device through the voltage converter.
  • the voltage converter comprises heat sinks producing a third flow of calories with the calories generated by the voltage converter and the third flow is mixed with the first flow of calories generated by the heater.
  • the voltage converter and the inverter are constituted by the same and unique bidirectional electrical system.
  • the third connecting elements comprise connecting elements between the output of the voltage converter and the input of the heating member.
  • the heating device comprises a management unit housed in the casing and controlling at least the heating element and the first switching elements and/or connecting elements directly connecting the input of the heating element to the source power supply.
  • the management unit controls the second switching elements, third switching elements to vary the second connecting elements between a closed circuit configuration and a open circuit configuration, and fourth switching elements for varying the third connecting elements between a closed circuit configuration and an open circuit configuration.
  • the heating appliance comprises communication elements housed in the box allowing the management unit to be able to communicate with at least one communicating device of an energy management system of the building in which the heating appliance is installed.
  • the invention essentially relates to a heating device 10 of the electric radiator type having a box 11 containing an electrical energy storage device 12 able to receive at an input 121 a direct electric current in order to to store electrical energy and to deliver at its output 122 a direct current.
  • the electrical energy storage device 12 comprises a battery based on an assembly of electrochemical cells and/or a supercapacitor and/or a fuel cell.
  • the box 11 also contains at least one heating member 13 producing a flow of calories F when an input 131 of the heating member 13 is powered by an electrical voltage, whether direct or alternating.
  • Said at least one heating member 13 may in particular comprise at least one radiating body and/or at least one device for heating by heat transfer fluid.
  • a radiating body may comprise at least one electrical resistor intended to be supplied by a DC voltage, for example of the order of 50V.
  • the radiating body may also additionally comprise one or more resistors intended to be powered by an alternating voltage, for example 230V, making it possible to use the two types of heating sources in conjunction to obtain a punctual heating effect to compensate for thermal reductions, for example night or day reductions.
  • the heating member 13 may have characteristics of thermal inertia (for example by being formed of steatite or of cast aluminum, or of incorporating concrete masses or equivalent) to obtain an additional storage option for energy.
  • the heating element 13 can have rapid reaction heating characteristics (for example by being equipped with fins or by being of the infrared type) to provide a faster point heating effect.
  • the heater 10 may include a presence sensor to optimize the local heat effect according to user needs.
  • the electrical energy storage device 12 is intended to be recharged by an electrical power source 14 external to the device 10. This may typically be the local electrical network.
  • the electrical voltage which supplies said at least one heating member 13 may come indirectly from the electrical power source 14 via the voltage converter 16 described later (in particular in the case where the heating member 13 only includes at least one electrical resistor intended to be supplied by direct current) and/or directly from the electrical power source 14 without passing through the voltage converter 16 (that is to say from the alternating electrical network if the heater 13 comprises at least one electrical resistor intended to be powered by alternating current or from a possible direct current renewable energy source if the heating member 13 includes at least one electrical resistor intended to be powered by direct current) and/ or from the output 122 of the electrical energy storage device 12.
  • the electrical energy storage device 12 makes it possible to store electrical energy, whether it is intended to be consumed by the heating member 13 or intended to be reinjected into the electrical power source 14.
  • the box 11 contains first connecting elements to make it possible to connect the electrical energy storage device 12 to the electrical power source 14.
  • the first connection elements comprise first connection elements connecting the output 122 of the electrical energy storage device 12 to the electrical power source 14, the first connection elements very advantageously comprising an inverter 15 housed in the box 11.
  • An input 151 of the inverter 15 is connected to the output 122 of the electrical energy storage device 12.
  • An output 152 of the inverter 15 is able to be connected to the electrical power source 14.
  • the box 11 also contains second connecting elements to make it possible to connect the input 131 of the heating element 13 to the output 122 of the electrical energy storage device 12 and third connecting elements to allow the input 131 of the heating member 13 to be connected to the electrical power source 14.
  • the first connection elements include first switching elements (not shown) for varying the first connection elements between an open circuit configuration and a closed circuit configuration in which electrical energy stored in the energy storage device electrical energy 12 is injected into the electrical power source 14 via the inverter 15.
  • the inverter 15 comprises heat sinks producing a second flow of calories with the calories generated by the inverter 15.
  • the second flow is mixed with the first flow of calories generated by the heating member 13. This makes it possible to avoid heat losses and optimize the overall efficiency of the heater 10.
  • the first connection elements comprise second connection elements connecting an input 121 of the electrical energy storage device 12 to the electrical power source 14.
  • the second connection elements comprise the voltage converter 16 housed in the case 11 and which comprises an input 161 which can be powered by the electrical power source 14 and an output 162 connected to the input 121 of the energy storage device electrical 12.
  • the voltage converter 16 can be configured so as to be able to deliver, at its output 162, a DC electric voltage capable of supplying the input 121 of the storage device 12 and/or the input 131 of the heating element 13 by converting an alternating voltage applied to the input 161 of the voltage converter 16 by the power supply source 14 when the voltage converter 16 is connected thereto.
  • the electrical power source 14 is of the type delivering an alternating electrical voltage
  • the voltage converter 16 may be of the AC/DC type.
  • the voltage converter 16 may possibly comprise a DC/DC type transformer in the case where the electrical power source 14, in addition to being capable of delivering an alternating electrical voltage, is capable of delivering a direct electrical voltage as is the case with sources based on alternative energy (photovoltaic panels, fuel cells, supercapacitors, batteries based on an assembly of electrochemical cells). It is possible to supply the input 131 of the heating element directly with the alternating electric voltage delivered by the electric power source 14.
  • the DC voltage level at the output 162 of the voltage converter is between 12 and 600V, which makes it possible to locally limit safety issues to people effectively.
  • the voltage converter 16 can comprise a switching power supply or chopper type system, which makes it possible to avoid redundancy between the direct current supplies of the various electronic systems incorporated in the heating device 10 (specification card, sensors, display).
  • the switching power supply system can provide direct current to all the elements of the device 10.
  • the voltage converter 16 can also be considered as belonging to the third connecting elements, the third connecting elements comprising connecting elements between the output 162 of the voltage converter 16 and the input 131 of the heating element 13.
  • the third connecting elements comprise connecting elements directly connecting the inlet 131 of the heating element 13 to the electrical power source 14, allowing a supply of the electrical resistance of the element heater 13 by the electrical power source under an AC or DC voltage, without passing through the voltage converter 16.
  • this direct connection between the input of the heater 131 and the source of power supply 14 comprises a voltage transformer, for example of the AC/AC type, to make it possible to regulate the electrical power supply of the heating element 13.
  • a voltage transformer in particular of the DC/DC type, is interposed between the output 162 of the voltage converter 16 and a on the other hand the input 121 of the electrical energy storage device 12 and on the other hand the input 131 of the heating element 13, in order to regulate the supply voltage of the electrical energy storage device 12 and/ or the heating device 13.
  • the voltage converter 16 can advantageously comprise heat sinks producing a third flow of calories with the calories generated by the voltage converter 16.
  • the third flow is mixed with the first flow of calories generated by the heater 13, or even with the second flow generated by the inverter 15. This makes it possible to limit thermal losses and to increase the efficiency of the device 10.
  • the voltage converter 16 and the inverter 15 are constituted by the same and unique bidirectional electrical system.
  • the heating device 10 makes it possible to transform the assembly necessary for its operation, from an alternating current coming from the power source 14 into a direct current thanks to the voltage converter 16 for use in the device 10 directly in DC form, and to transform, thanks to the inverter 15, the DC current stored in the storage device 12 for use in the power source 14 in the form of AC current.
  • the voltage converter 16 it is possible to charge the storage device 12, the electrical energy thus stored within the device 10 being intended to supply the input 131 of the heating member 13 and / or to be fed back to the power source 14 via the inverter 15. It is also possible to send the alternating current from the power source 14 directly to the input 131 of the heating element 13 and/or at input 121 of storage device 12. In other words, the presence of voltage converter 16 is optional.
  • the third link elements in turn comprise fourth switching elements for varying the third link elements between a closed circuit configuration and an open circuit configuration.
  • input 131 of heater 13 is powered by power source 14 through voltage converter 16.
  • the heating device 10 comprises a management unit 17 housed in the box 11 and controlling at least the heating member 13 and the first switching elements.
  • the management unit 17 also controls the second switching elements, the third switching elements and the fourth switching elements.
  • the management unit 17 can in particular place the heating device 10 selectively in one of the following six operating modes.
  • a first mode of operation in which the fourth switching elements are such that the third connecting elements occupy their closed circuit configuration, makes it possible to ensure a power supply to the heating member 13 by the electrical power source 14 via the voltage converter 16.
  • a second mode of operation in which the third switching elements are such that the second connecting elements occupy their closed circuit configuration, makes it possible to ensure an electrical supply to the heating member 13 by the energy storage device electrical 12.
  • a third mode of operation in which the second switching elements are such that the second connection elements occupy their closed circuit configuration, makes it possible to ensure an electrical charge of the electrical energy storage device 12 by the power source 14 via the voltage converter 16 or directly from the power source 14.
  • a fourth mode of operation in which the first switching elements are such that the first connection elements occupy their closed circuit configuration, makes it possible to ensure the injection of a quantity of electrical energy contained in the storage device of electrical energy 12 to the electrical power source 14 via the inverter 15.
  • a fifth mode of operation is such that the heating member 13 is powered by the electrical power source 14 at the same time as the latter is powered, via the inverter 15, by the storage device of electric power 12.
  • a sixth mode of operation makes it possible to supply the heating member 13 directly by the electrical power source 14 without going through the voltage converter 16.
  • the management unit 17 can combine two or more of these six modes at any time.
  • the previously mentioned intelligence makes it possible to choose the best conditions for choosing between heating by the heating member 13, direct charging of the electrical energy storage device 12, discharging of the electrical energy storage device 12 towards the power source 14.
  • provision may be made to send a current to the input 131 of the heating element 13 as soon as the temperature, detected by a dedicated measurement sensor, is lower than a setpoint temperature known to the management unit 17.
  • the voltage converter 16 the voltage and therefore the current in the heating member 13 can vary according to the heating power required for the part.
  • the current in the heating member 13 can in particular be interrupted as soon as the difference between the temperature of the room and the setpoint temperature is greater than a predetermined value, for example of the order of 0.3° C., or according to a management algorithm.
  • the charging of the storage device 12 can be started when inexpensive energy is available or when the state of charge of the storage device 12 becomes lower than a predetermined low threshold, for example of the order of 15%.
  • the charging of the storage device 12 can be interrupted when the state of charge of the storage device 12 is sufficiently high, in particular by being greater than a high threshold, for example of the order of 95%.
  • the discharge of the storage device 12 can be controlled when the storage device 12 is sufficiently charged, in particular when its state of charge is greater than an intermediate threshold, for example of the order of 50%, and when no source of inexpensive energy is available.
  • an intermediate threshold for example of the order of 50%
  • the heating device 10 comprises communication elements, preferably wireless, housed in the box 11 and allowing the management unit 17 to be able to communicate with at least one communicating device of an energy management system of the building in which the heater 10 is located.
  • communication elements preferably wireless, housed in the box 11 and allowing the management unit 17 to be able to communicate with at least one communicating device of an energy management system of the building in which the heater 10 is located.
  • the invention also relates to an electrical installation comprising the electrical power source 14 delivering an electrical voltage and at least one such a heating device 10, the output 152 of the inverter 15 of said at least one heating device 10 being connected to the electrical power source 14.
  • temperature sensors integrated into the heating appliance 10 allows complete knowledge of the building and the habits of its users without adding additional sensors.
  • the electrical energy can be stored in the heating device 10 and then removed from storage according to the needs of the building.
  • the heater 10 can increase the rate of coverage of energy needs by renewable sources and at the same time guarantee a self-consumption rate of up to 100 %.
  • the communication elements typically based on low consumption protocols, allow information to be shared with a centralized intelligence of the energy management system.
  • the heater 10's dedicated intelligence can be equipped with machine learning-like algorithms to maximize savings across the entire building by leveraging occupancy and temperature sensors across the entire building. building.
  • This intelligence makes it possible to produce or improve a thermal model of the building representing the main characteristics of this building with an accuracy corresponding to the level of installation of the heating appliances 10.
  • the presence of sensors also makes it possible to detect thermal losses or unusual deviations in order to participate in safety mechanisms, improve user habits and anticipate preventive maintenance on the building.
  • this type of energy management system can be integrated within intelligent networks called “smarts grids” in Anglo-Saxon terminology to allow storage under optimal conditions of renewable and continuous energies on the electrical network.
  • the management unit 17 of the heating device 10 can be controlled subsequently to the events of the domestic network or the national network to compensate for the following cases encountered in "smart grids": production in excess of demand, surplus demand in relation to the production and withdrawal of reactive power.
  • the storage device 12 can consume energy on the domestic or national network with a view to its local storage.
  • the storage device 12 can supply energy to the domestic or national network.
  • the storage device 12 can be used, with the appropriate voltage and phase parameters, to increase the power factor and/or reduce the harmonic pollution of the network.
  • Solar power sources, fuel cells, supercapacitors, and electrochemical batteries are DC voltage sources that may be partially integrated with electrical power source 14 that powers heater 10. These voltage sources DC generally having high voltage levels, the DC/DC type voltage converter 16 then allows use in the heating device 10 under optimal conditions.
  • Lighting, air conditioning and domestic hot water can be integrated with central intelligence to allow other building elements to participate in energy management.
  • a cogeneration boiler in the dwelling can advantageously provide an additional source of electricity for recharging the batteries.
  • the system comprising the electrical installation described above and a cogeneration boiler ensures that all of the electricity produced by the boiler is effectively self-consumed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un appareil de chauffage de type radiateur électrique ayant un boitier renfermant un dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique, des premiers éléments de liaison pour permettre de relier le dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique à une source d'alimentation électrique extérieure à l'appareil, au moins un organe de chauffe produisant un flux de calories lorsqu'une entrée de l'organe de chauffe est alimentée par une tension électrique, des deuxièmes éléments de liaison pour permettre de relier l'entrée de l'organe de chauffe à une sortie du dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique et des troisièmes éléments de liaison pour permettre de relier l'entrée de l'organe de chauffe à la source d'alimentation électrique.The present invention relates to a heating appliance of the electric radiator type having a casing enclosing an electric energy storage device, first connecting elements for making it possible to connect the electric energy storage device to an external electric power source to the apparatus, at least one heating element producing a flow of calories when an input of the heating element is supplied by an electric voltage, second connecting elements for making it possible to connect the input of the heater at an output of the electrical energy storage device and third connecting elements to make it possible to connect the input of the heating member to the electrical power source.

L'invention concerne également une installation électrique comprenant une source d'alimentation électrique délivrant une tension électrique et au moins un tel appareil de chauffage.The invention also relates to an electrical installation comprising an electrical power source delivering an electrical voltage and at least one such heating device.

Classiquement, la source d'alimentation électrique à laquelle l'appareil de chauffage est raccordé délivre une tension électrique alternative. Il s'agit typiquement du réseau électrique local.Conventionally, the electrical power source to which the heating appliance is connected delivers an alternating electrical voltage. This is typically the local electrical network.

Dans certains appareils de chauffage, il est également connu d'intégrer un dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique, typiquement sous la forme d'un pack de batteries. Cela permet de stocker de l'énergie utilisée par l'organe de chauffe, en vue d'espacer la consommation d'électricité dans le temps.In certain heating appliances, it is also known to integrate an electrical energy storage device, typically in the form of a battery pack. This makes it possible to store the energy used by the heating member, with a view to spacing out the consumption of electricity over time.

L'organe de chauffe peut être alimenté directement par la source d'alimentation électrique et/ou par le dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique, ce dernier étant quant à lui rechargé par la source d'alimentation électrique.The heating member can be powered directly by the electrical power source and/or by the electrical energy storage device, the latter being recharged by the electrical power source.

En parallèle, il existe de nombreuses sources d'alimentation électrique à base d'énergie renouvelable aptes à délivrer une tension électrique continue, typiquement des panneaux photovoltaïques, des piles à combustible, des supercapacités, des batteries à base d'assemblage de cellules électrochimiques.In parallel, there are many electrical power sources based on renewable energy capable of delivering a direct electrical voltage, typically photovoltaic panels, fuel cells, supercapacitors, batteries based on an assembly of electrochemical cells.

La tendance actuelle prévoit que les installations électriques des habitations reposent sur une diversité de sources d'alimentation électrique, typiquement mêlant des sources de tension alternative et des sources de tension continue pour inclure une production locale d'électricité, l'ensemble étant piloté par un système de gestion d'énergie également connu sous l'acronyme EMS pour « Energy Management System » en terminologie anglo-saxonne.The current trend is for the electrical installations of dwellings to be based on a variety of electrical power sources, typically combining alternating voltage sources and direct voltage sources to include local electricity production, the whole being controlled by an energy management system also known by the acronym EMS for “Energy Management System” in English terminology.

En l'état actuel des connaissances, les appareils de chauffage électriques ne peuvent pas participer activement à la gestion thermique du bâtiment : le type de l'électricité, le contrôle et la capacité de stockage des appareils de chauffage sont limités (courant alternatif, gestion filaire, stockage par inertie thermique). Généralement, le système de gestion d'énergie classique utilisant des radiateurs électriques classiques ne peut pas participer à l'intégration des énergies renouvelables sur le réseau électrique. Le document US 2014/284022 A1 divulgue un appareil de chauffage de type radiateur électrique selon le préambule de la revendication 1.In the current state of knowledge, electric heaters cannot actively participate in the thermal management of the building: the type of electricity, the control and the storage capacity of the heaters are limited (alternating current, management wired, storage by thermal inertia). Generally, the conventional energy management system using conventional electric heaters cannot participate in the integration of renewable energies into the electrical network. The document US 2014/284022 A1 discloses an electric radiator type heater according to the preamble of claim 1.

La présente invention vise à résoudre tout ou partie des inconvénients présentés ci-avant.The present invention aims to solve all or part of the drawbacks presented above.

Dans ce contexte, un objectif est de fournir un appareil de chauffage directement utilisable dans un système de gestion d'énergie.In this context, an objective is to provide a heating device that can be used directly in an energy management system.

Cet objectif peut être atteint grâce à la fourniture d'un appareil de chauffage de type radiateur électrique ayant un boitier renfermant un dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique, des premiers éléments de liaison pour permettre de relier le dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique à une source d'alimentation électrique extérieure à l'appareil, au moins un organe de chauffe produisant un flux de calories lorsqu'une entrée de l'organe de chauffe est alimentée par une tension électrique, des deuxièmes éléments de liaison pour permettre de relier l'entrée de l'organe de chauffe à une sortie du dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique et des troisièmes éléments de liaison pour permettre de relier l'entrée de l'organe de chauffe à la source d'alimentation électrique, dans lequel les premiers éléments de liaison comprennent des premiers éléments de connexion reliant la sortie du dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique à la source d'alimentation électrique, les premiers éléments de connexion comprenant :

  • un onduleur logé dans le boitier, dont une entrée est connectée à la sortie du dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique et dont une sortie est apte à être reliée à la source d'alimentation électrique,
  • et des premiers éléments de commutation pour faire varier les premiers éléments de connexion entre une configuration de circuit ouvert et une configuration de circuit fermé dans laquelle de l'énergie électrique stockée dans le dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique est injectée dans la source d'alimentation électrique par l'intermédiaire de l'onduleur.
This objective can be achieved by providing a heating device of the electric radiator type having a casing enclosing an electric energy storage device, first connecting elements for making it possible to connect the electric energy storage device to an electrical power source external to the device, at least one heating element producing a flow of calories when an input of the heating element is supplied by an electrical voltage, second connecting elements for making it possible to connect the input of the heating member to an output of the electrical energy storage device and third connecting elements to make it possible to connect the input of the heating member to the electrical power source, in which the first connecting elements comprise first connection elements connecting the output of the electrical energy storage device to the electrical power source, the first connection elements comprising:
  • an inverter housed in the case, one input of which is connected to the output of the electrical energy storage device and one output of which is able to be connected to the electrical power source,
  • and first switching elements for varying the first connection elements between an open circuit configuration and a closed circuit configuration in which electrical energy stored in the electrical energy storage device is injected into the source of power supply through inverter.

Un tel appareil de chauffage présente l'avantage de permettre de réinjecter, sous forme d'un courant alternatif, une certaine quantité d'énergie électrique stockée dans son dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique vers une source d'alimentation électrique fonctionnant sous tension alternative, typiquement le réseau électrique local, pour participer à la gestion énergétique. Son intégration dans un système de gestion d'énergie d'un bâtiment est grandement facilitée.Such a heating appliance has the advantage of making it possible to reinject, in the form of an alternating current, a certain quantity of electrical energy stored in its electrical energy storage device towards an electrical power source operating under alternating voltage. , typically the local electrical network, to participate in energy management. Its integration into a building's energy management system is greatly facilitated.

L'appareil de chauffage peut également répondre aux caractéristiques techniques présentées ci-après, prises isolément ou en combinaison.The heating device can also meet the technical characteristics presented below, taken individually or in combination.

L'onduleur comprend des dissipateurs thermiques produisant un deuxième flux de calories avec les calories générées par l'onduleur et le deuxième flux est mélangé avec le premier flux de calories généré par l'organe de chauffe.The inverter comprises heat sinks producing a second flow of calories with the calories generated by the inverter and the second flow is mixed with the first flow of calories generated by the heating member.

Les premiers éléments de liaison comprennent des seconds éléments de connexion reliant une entrée du dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique à la source d'alimentation électrique, lesdits seconds éléments de connexion comprenant d'une part un convertisseur de tension logé dans le boitier et ayant une entrée alimentée par la source d'alimentation électrique et une sortie reliée à l'entrée du dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique, d'autre part des seconds éléments de commutation pour faire varier les seconds éléments de connexion entre une configuration de circuit ouvert et une configuration de circuit fermé dans laquelle de l'énergie électrique en provenance de la source d'alimentation électrique est injectée dans le dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique par l'intermédiaire du convertisseur de tension.The first connection elements comprise second connection elements connecting an input of the electrical energy storage device to the electrical power source, said second connection elements comprising on the one hand a voltage converter housed in the casing and having an input supplied by the electrical power source and an output connected to the input of the electrical energy storage device, on the other hand second switching elements for varying the second connection elements between an open circuit configuration and a closed circuit configuration in which electrical energy from the electrical power source is injected into the electrical energy storage device through the voltage converter.

Le convertisseur de tension comprend des dissipateurs thermiques produisant un troisième flux de calories avec les calories générées par le convertisseur de tension et le troisième flux est mélangé avec le premier flux de calories généré par l'organe de chauffe.The voltage converter comprises heat sinks producing a third flow of calories with the calories generated by the voltage converter and the third flow is mixed with the first flow of calories generated by the heater.

Le convertisseur de tension et l'onduleur sont constitués par un même et unique système électrique bidirectionnel.The voltage converter and the inverter are constituted by the same and unique bidirectional electrical system.

Les troisièmes éléments de liaison comprennent des éléments de liaison entre la sortie du convertisseur de tension et l'entrée de l'organe de chauffe.The third connecting elements comprise connecting elements between the output of the voltage converter and the input of the heating member.

L'appareil de chauffage comprend une unité de gestion logée dans le boitier et pilotant au moins l'organe de chauffe et les premiers éléments de commutation et/ou des éléments de liaison reliant directement l'entrée de l'organe de chauffe à la source d'alimentation électrique.The heating device comprises a management unit housed in the casing and controlling at least the heating element and the first switching elements and/or connecting elements directly connecting the input of the heating element to the source power supply.

L'unité de gestion assure un pilotage des seconds éléments de commutation, de troisièmes éléments de commutation pour faire varier les deuxièmes éléments de liaison entre une configuration de circuit fermé et une configuration de circuit ouvert, et de quatrièmes éléments de commutation pour faire varier les troisièmes éléments de liaison entre une configuration de circuit fermé et une configuration de circuit ouvert.The management unit controls the second switching elements, third switching elements to vary the second connecting elements between a closed circuit configuration and a open circuit configuration, and fourth switching elements for varying the third connecting elements between a closed circuit configuration and an open circuit configuration.

L'appareil de chauffage comprend des éléments de communication logés dans le boitier permettant à l'unité de gestion de pouvoir communiquer avec au moins un dispositif communiquant d'un système de gestion énergétique du bâtiment dans lequel l'appareil de chauffage est implanté.The heating appliance comprises communication elements housed in the box allowing the management unit to be able to communicate with at least one communicating device of an energy management system of the building in which the heating appliance is installed.

L'invention sera encore mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui suit de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et représentés sur la Figure 1 unique qui illustre une vue schématique des composants d'un exemple d'appareil de chauffage selon l'invention.The invention will be better understood with the aid of the following description of particular embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting examples and represented on the Figure 1 which illustrates a schematic view of the components of an example of a heating appliance according to the invention.

En référence à la Figure 1 unique annexée telle que présentée sommairement ci-dessus, l'invention concerne essentiellement un appareil de chauffage 10 de type radiateur électrique ayant un boitier 11 renfermant un dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12 apte à recevoir à une entrée 121 un courant électrique continu afin de stocker de l'énergie électrique et à délivrer à sa sortie 122 un courant continu.With reference to the Figure 1 single appended as briefly presented above, the invention essentially relates to a heating device 10 of the electric radiator type having a box 11 containing an electrical energy storage device 12 able to receive at an input 121 a direct electric current in order to to store electrical energy and to deliver at its output 122 a direct current.

A titre d'exemple, le dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12 comprend une batterie à base d'un assemblage de cellules électrochimiques et/ou un supercondensateur et/ou une pile à combustible.By way of example, the electrical energy storage device 12 comprises a battery based on an assembly of electrochemical cells and/or a supercapacitor and/or a fuel cell.

Le boitier 11 renferme également au moins un organe de chauffe 13 produisant un flux de calories F lorsqu'une entrée 131 de l'organe de chauffe 13 est alimentée par une tension électrique, qu'elle soit continue ou alternative.The box 11 also contains at least one heating member 13 producing a flow of calories F when an input 131 of the heating member 13 is powered by an electrical voltage, whether direct or alternating.

Ledit au moins un organe de chauffe 13 peut notamment comprendre au moins un corps rayonnant et/ou au moins un dispositif de chauffage par fluide caloporteur. Un tel corps rayonnant peut comprendre au moins une résistance électrique destinée à être alimentée par une tension continue, par exemple de l'ordre de 50V. Le corps rayonnant peut également comprendre en plus une ou plusieurs résistance(s) destinée(s) à être alimentée(s) par une tension alternative, par exemple de 230V, permettant d'utiliser en conjonction les deux types de sources de chauffe pour obtenir un effet de chaleur ponctuel pour compenser des réductions thermiques, par exemple des réductions de nuit ou de jour.Said at least one heating member 13 may in particular comprise at least one radiating body and/or at least one device for heating by heat transfer fluid. Such a radiating body may comprise at least one electrical resistor intended to be supplied by a DC voltage, for example of the order of 50V. The radiating body may also additionally comprise one or more resistors intended to be powered by an alternating voltage, for example 230V, making it possible to use the two types of heating sources in conjunction to obtain a punctual heating effect to compensate for thermal reductions, for example night or day reductions.

L'organe de chauffe 13 peut présenter des caractéristiques d'inertie thermique (par exemple en étant formée en stéatite ou en fonte d'aluminium, ou en incorporant des masses en béton ou équivalent) pour obtenir une option de stockage supplémentaire pour l'énergie.The heating member 13 may have characteristics of thermal inertia (for example by being formed of steatite or of cast aluminum, or of incorporating concrete masses or equivalent) to obtain an additional storage option for energy.

L'organe de chauffe 13 peut présenter des caractéristiques de chauffe à réaction rapide (par exemple en étant équipé d'ailettes ou en étant de type infrarouge) pour fournir un effet de chaleur ponctuel plus rapide.The heating element 13 can have rapid reaction heating characteristics (for example by being equipped with fins or by being of the infrared type) to provide a faster point heating effect.

L'appareil de chauffage 10 peut comprendre un capteur de présence pour optimiser l'effet de chaleur ponctuel en fonction des besoins des utilisateurs.The heater 10 may include a presence sensor to optimize the local heat effect according to user needs.

De manière générale, le dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12 est destiné à être rechargé par une source d'alimentation électrique 14 extérieure à l'appareil 10. Il peut typiquement s'agir du réseau électrique local.In general, the electrical energy storage device 12 is intended to be recharged by an electrical power source 14 external to the device 10. This may typically be the local electrical network.

La tension électrique qui alimente ledit au moins un organe de chauffe 13 peut provenir indirectement de la source d'alimentation électrique 14 en passant par le convertisseur de tension 16 décrit plus loin (notamment dans le cas où l'organe de chauffe 13 inclut uniquement au moins une résistance électrique destinée à être alimentée par courant continu) et/ou directement depuis la source d'alimentation électrique 14 sans passer par le convertisseur de tension 16 (c'est-à-dire depuis le réseau électrique alternatif si l'organe de chauffe 13 comprend au moins une résistance électrique destinée à être alimentée par courant alternatif ou depuis une éventuelle source d'énergie renouvelable à courant continu si l'organe de chauffe 13 inclut au moins une résistance électrique destinée à être alimentée par courant continu) et/ou depuis la sortie 122 du dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12.The electrical voltage which supplies said at least one heating member 13 may come indirectly from the electrical power source 14 via the voltage converter 16 described later (in particular in the case where the heating member 13 only includes at least one electrical resistor intended to be supplied by direct current) and/or directly from the electrical power source 14 without passing through the voltage converter 16 (that is to say from the alternating electrical network if the heater 13 comprises at least one electrical resistor intended to be powered by alternating current or from a possible direct current renewable energy source if the heating member 13 includes at least one electrical resistor intended to be powered by direct current) and/ or from the output 122 of the electrical energy storage device 12.

Le dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12 permet de stocker de l'énergie électrique, qu'elle soit destinée à être consommée par l'organe de chauffe 13 ou destinée à être réinjectée vers la source d'alimentation électrique 14.The electrical energy storage device 12 makes it possible to store electrical energy, whether it is intended to be consumed by the heating member 13 or intended to be reinjected into the electrical power source 14.

Pour pouvoir assurer un tel fonctionnement, le boitier 11 renferme des premiers éléments de liaison pour permettre de relier le dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12 à la source d'alimentation électrique 14.To be able to ensure such operation, the box 11 contains first connecting elements to make it possible to connect the electrical energy storage device 12 to the electrical power source 14.

Les premiers éléments de liaison comprennent des premiers éléments de connexion reliant la sortie 122 du dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12 à la source d'alimentation électrique 14, les premiers éléments de connexion comprenant très avantageusement un onduleur 15 logé dans le boitier 11. Une entrée 151 de l'onduleur 15 est connectée à la sortie 122 du dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12. Une sortie 152 de l'onduleur 15 est apte à être reliée à la source d'alimentation électrique 14.The first connection elements comprise first connection elements connecting the output 122 of the electrical energy storage device 12 to the electrical power source 14, the first connection elements very advantageously comprising an inverter 15 housed in the box 11. An input 151 of the inverter 15 is connected to the output 122 of the electrical energy storage device 12. An output 152 of the inverter 15 is able to be connected to the electrical power source 14.

Le boitier 11 renferme également des deuxièmes éléments de liaison pour permettre de relier l'entrée 131 de l'organe de chauffe 13 à la sortie 122 du dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12 et des troisièmes éléments de liaison pour permettre de relier l'entrée 131 de l'organe de chauffe 13 à la source d'alimentation électrique 14.The box 11 also contains second connecting elements to make it possible to connect the input 131 of the heating element 13 to the output 122 of the electrical energy storage device 12 and third connecting elements to allow the input 131 of the heating member 13 to be connected to the electrical power source 14.

Les premiers éléments de connexion comprennent des premiers éléments de commutation (non représentés) pour faire varier les premiers éléments de connexion entre une configuration de circuit ouvert et une configuration de circuit fermé dans laquelle de l'énergie électrique stockée dans le dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12 est injectée dans la source d'alimentation électrique 14 par l'intermédiaire de l'onduleur 15.The first connection elements include first switching elements (not shown) for varying the first connection elements between an open circuit configuration and a closed circuit configuration in which electrical energy stored in the energy storage device electrical energy 12 is injected into the electrical power source 14 via the inverter 15.

Avantageusement, l'onduleur 15 comprend des dissipateurs thermiques produisant un deuxième flux de calories avec les calories générées par l'onduleur 15. Le deuxième flux est mélangé avec le premier flux de calories généré par l'organe de chauffe 13. Cela permet d'éviter les pertes thermiques et d'optimiser le rendement général de l'appareil de chauffage 10.Advantageously, the inverter 15 comprises heat sinks producing a second flow of calories with the calories generated by the inverter 15. The second flow is mixed with the first flow of calories generated by the heating member 13. This makes it possible to avoid heat losses and optimize the overall efficiency of the heater 10.

En complément des premiers éléments de connexion incluant l'onduleur 15, les premiers éléments de liaison comprennent des seconds éléments de connexion reliant une entrée 121 du dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12 à la source d'alimentation électrique 14.In addition to the first connection elements including the inverter 15, the first connection elements comprise second connection elements connecting an input 121 of the electrical energy storage device 12 to the electrical power source 14.

Les seconds éléments de connexion comprennent le convertisseur de tension 16 logé dans le boitier 11 et qui comprend une entrée 161 pouvant être alimentée par la source d'alimentation électrique 14 et une sortie 162 reliée à l'entrée 121 du dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12.The second connection elements comprise the voltage converter 16 housed in the case 11 and which comprises an input 161 which can be powered by the electrical power source 14 and an output 162 connected to the input 121 of the energy storage device electrical 12.

Les seconds éléments de connexion comprennent également des seconds éléments de commutation pour faire varier les seconds éléments de connexion entre une configuration de circuit ouvert et une configuration de circuit fermé dans laquelle de l'énergie électrique en provenance de la source d'alimentation électrique 14 est injectée dans le dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12 par l'intermédiaire du convertisseur de tension 16.The second connection elements also include second switching elements for varying the second connection elements between an open circuit configuration and a closed circuit configuration in which electrical energy from the electrical power source 14 is injected into the electrical energy storage device 12 via the voltage converter 16.

Par exemple, le convertisseur de tension 16 peut être configuré de sorte à pouvoir délivrer, à sa sortie 162, une tension électrique continue pouvant alimenter l'entrée 121 du dispositif de stockage 12 et/ou l'entrée 131 de l'organe de chauffe 13 par conversion d'une tension électrique alternative appliquée à l'entrée 161 du convertisseur de tension 16 par la source d'alimentation électrique 14 lorsque le convertisseur de tension 16 est raccordé à celle-ci. Ainsi, si la source d'alimentation électrique 14 est du type délivrant une tension électrique alternative, alors le convertisseur de tension 16 pourra être de type AC/DC. En complément, le convertisseur de tension 16 pourra éventuellement comprendre un transformateur de type DC/DC dans le cas où la source d'alimentation électrique 14, outre être apte à délivrer une tension électrique alternative, est apte à délivrer une tension électrique continue comme c'est le cas avec des sources à base d'énergie alternative (des panneaux photovoltaïques, des piles à combustible, des supercapacités, des batteries à base d'assemblage de cellules électrochimiques). Il est possible d'alimenter l'entrée 131 de l'organe de chauffe directement avec la tension électrique alternative délivrée par la source d'alimentation électrique 14.For example, the voltage converter 16 can be configured so as to be able to deliver, at its output 162, a DC electric voltage capable of supplying the input 121 of the storage device 12 and/or the input 131 of the heating element 13 by converting an alternating voltage applied to the input 161 of the voltage converter 16 by the power supply source 14 when the voltage converter 16 is connected thereto. Thus, if the electrical power source 14 is of the type delivering an alternating electrical voltage, then the voltage converter 16 may be of the AC/DC type. In addition, the voltage converter 16 may possibly comprise a DC/DC type transformer in the case where the electrical power source 14, in addition to being capable of delivering an alternating electrical voltage, is capable of delivering a direct electrical voltage as is the case with sources based on alternative energy (photovoltaic panels, fuel cells, supercapacitors, batteries based on an assembly of electrochemical cells). It is possible to supply the input 131 of the heating element directly with the alternating electric voltage delivered by the electric power source 14.

Typiquement, le niveau de tension continue à la sortie 162 du convertisseur de tension est compris entre 12 et 600V, ce qui permet de limiter localement les problématiques de sécurité aux personnes de manière efficace.Typically, the DC voltage level at the output 162 of the voltage converter is between 12 and 600V, which makes it possible to locally limit safety issues to people effectively.

En particulier, le convertisseur de tension 16 peut comprendre un système de type alimentation à découpage ou hacheur, ce qui permet d'éviter la redondance entre les fournitures en courant continu des différents systèmes électroniques incorporés dans l'appareil de chauffage 10 (carte métier, capteurs, affichage). Le système d'alimentation à découpage peut fournir en courant continu l'ensemble des éléments de l'appareil 10.In particular, the voltage converter 16 can comprise a switching power supply or chopper type system, which makes it possible to avoid redundancy between the direct current supplies of the various electronic systems incorporated in the heating device 10 (specification card, sensors, display). The switching power supply system can provide direct current to all the elements of the device 10.

En pratique, le convertisseur de tension 16 peut également être considéré comme appartenant aux troisièmes éléments de liaison, les troisièmes éléments de liaison comprenant des éléments de liaison entre la sortie 162 du convertisseur de tension 16 et l'entrée 131 de l'organe de chauffe 13. Alternativement ou en combinaison, les troisièmes éléments de liaison comprennent des éléments de liaison reliant directement l'entrée 131 de l'organe de chauffe 13 à la source d'alimentation électrique 14, permettant une alimentation de la résistance électrique de l'organe de chauffe 13 par la source d'alimentation électrique sous une tension alternative ou continue, sans passer par le convertisseur de tension 16. Il convient de préciser que cette liaison directe entre l'entrée de l'organe de chauffe 131 et la source d'alimentation électrique 14 comprend un transformateur de tension, par exemple de type AC/AC, pour permettre de réguler la puissance d'alimentation électrique de l'organe de chauffe 13.In practice, the voltage converter 16 can also be considered as belonging to the third connecting elements, the third connecting elements comprising connecting elements between the output 162 of the voltage converter 16 and the input 131 of the heating element 13. Alternatively or in combination, the third connecting elements comprise connecting elements directly connecting the inlet 131 of the heating element 13 to the electrical power source 14, allowing a supply of the electrical resistance of the element heater 13 by the electrical power source under an AC or DC voltage, without passing through the voltage converter 16. It should be noted that this direct connection between the input of the heater 131 and the source of power supply 14 comprises a voltage transformer, for example of the AC/AC type, to make it possible to regulate the electrical power supply of the heating element 13.

Il convient de préciser que, dans le cas particulier où le convertisseur de tension 16 est de type AC/DC, un transformateur de tension, notamment de type DC/DC, est interposé entre la sortie 162 du convertisseur de tension 16 et d'une part l'entrée 121 du dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12 et d'autre part l'entrée 131 de l'organe de chauffe 13, afin de réguler la tension d'alimentation du dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12 et/ou de l'organe de chauffe 13.It should be specified that, in the particular case where the voltage converter 16 is of the AC/DC type, a voltage transformer, in particular of the DC/DC type, is interposed between the output 162 of the voltage converter 16 and a on the other hand the input 121 of the electrical energy storage device 12 and on the other hand the input 131 of the heating element 13, in order to regulate the supply voltage of the electrical energy storage device 12 and/ or the heating device 13.

Le convertisseur de tension 16 peut avantageusement comprendre des dissipateurs thermiques produisant un troisième flux de calories avec les calories générées par le convertisseur de tension 16. Le troisième flux est mélangé avec le premier flux de calories généré par l'organe de chauffe 13, voire avec le deuxième flux généré par l'onduleur 15. Cela permet de limiter les pertes thermiques et d'augmenter le rendement de l'appareil 10.The voltage converter 16 can advantageously comprise heat sinks producing a third flow of calories with the calories generated by the voltage converter 16. The third flow is mixed with the first flow of calories generated by the heater 13, or even with the second flow generated by the inverter 15. This makes it possible to limit thermal losses and to increase the efficiency of the device 10.

Dans une variante favorisant la simplicité et limitant le nombre de pièces général, le convertisseur de tension 16 et l'onduleur 15 sont constitués par un même et unique système électrique bidirectionnel.In a variant favoring simplicity and limiting the general number of parts, the voltage converter 16 and the inverter 15 are constituted by the same and unique bidirectional electrical system.

L'appareil de chauffage 10 permet de transformer l'ensemble nécessaire à son fonctionnement, d'un courant alternatif en provenance de la source d'alimentation 14 en un courant continu grâce au convertisseur de tension 16 pour l'utiliser dans l'appareil 10 directement sous forme continue, et de transformer grâce à l'onduleur 15 le courant continu stocké dans le dispositif de stockage 12 pour l'utiliser dans la source d'alimentation 14 sous forme de courant alternatif. En outre, grâce au convertisseur de tension 16, il est possible de charger le dispositif de stockage 12, l'énergie électrique ainsi stockée au sein de l'appareil 10 étant destinée à alimenter l'entrée 131 de l'organe de chauffe 13 et/ou à être réinjectée vers la source d'alimentation 14 via l'onduleur 15. Il est également possible d'adresser le courant alternatif en provenance de la source d'alimentation 14 directement à l'entrée 131 de l'organe de chauffe 13 et/ou à l'entrée 121 du dispositif de stockage 12. Autrement dit, la présence du convertisseur de tension 16 est optionnelle.The heating device 10 makes it possible to transform the assembly necessary for its operation, from an alternating current coming from the power source 14 into a direct current thanks to the voltage converter 16 for use in the device 10 directly in DC form, and to transform, thanks to the inverter 15, the DC current stored in the storage device 12 for use in the power source 14 in the form of AC current. In addition, thanks to the voltage converter 16, it is possible to charge the storage device 12, the electrical energy thus stored within the device 10 being intended to supply the input 131 of the heating member 13 and / or to be fed back to the power source 14 via the inverter 15. It is also possible to send the alternating current from the power source 14 directly to the input 131 of the heating element 13 and/or at input 121 of storage device 12. In other words, the presence of voltage converter 16 is optional.

Les deuxièmes éléments de liaison comprennent des troisièmes éléments de commutation pour faire varier les deuxièmes éléments de liaison entre une configuration de circuit fermé et une configuration de circuit ouvert. Dans la configuration de circuit fermé, la sortie 122 du dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12 alimente directement l'entrée 131 de l'organe de chauffe 13, ce qui n'est pas le cas dans la configuration de circuit ouvert.The second link elements include third switching elements for varying the second link elements between a closed circuit configuration and an open circuit configuration. In the closed circuit configuration, the output 122 of the electrical energy storage device 12 directly supplies the input 131 of the heating member 13, which is not the case in the open circuit configuration.

Les troisièmes éléments de liaison comprennent quant à eux des quatrièmes éléments de commutation pour faire varier les troisièmes éléments de liaison entre une configuration de circuit fermé et une configuration de circuit ouvert. Dans la configuration de circuit fermé, l'entrée 131 de l'organe de chauffe 13 est alimentée par la source d'alimentation 14 par l'intermédiaire du convertisseur de tension 16.The third link elements in turn comprise fourth switching elements for varying the third link elements between a closed circuit configuration and an open circuit configuration. In the closed circuit configuration, input 131 of heater 13 is powered by power source 14 through voltage converter 16.

L'appareil de chauffage 10 comprend une unité de gestion 17 logée dans le boitier 11 et pilotant au moins l'organe de chauffe 13 et les premiers éléments de commutation.The heating device 10 comprises a management unit 17 housed in the box 11 and controlling at least the heating member 13 and the first switching elements.

L'unité de gestion 17 assure également un pilotage des seconds éléments de commutation, des troisièmes éléments de commutation et des quatrièmes éléments de commutation.The management unit 17 also controls the second switching elements, the third switching elements and the fourth switching elements.

Via une intelligence dédiée, l'unité de gestion 17 peut notamment placer l'appareil de chauffage 10 sélectivement dans l'un des six modes de fonctionnement suivants.Via a dedicated intelligence, the management unit 17 can in particular place the heating device 10 selectively in one of the following six operating modes.

Un premier mode de fonctionnement, dans lequel les quatrièmes éléments de commutation sont tels que les troisièmes éléments de liaison occupent leur configuration de circuit fermé, permet d'assurer une alimentation de l'organe de chauffe 13 par la source d'alimentation électrique 14 via le convertisseur de tension 16.A first mode of operation, in which the fourth switching elements are such that the third connecting elements occupy their closed circuit configuration, makes it possible to ensure a power supply to the heating member 13 by the electrical power source 14 via the voltage converter 16.

Un deuxième mode de fonctionnement, dans lequel les troisièmes éléments de commutation sont tels que les deuxièmes éléments de liaison occupent leur configuration de circuit fermé, permet d'assurer une alimentation électrique de l'organe de chauffe 13 par le dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12.A second mode of operation, in which the third switching elements are such that the second connecting elements occupy their closed circuit configuration, makes it possible to ensure an electrical supply to the heating member 13 by the energy storage device electrical 12.

Un troisième mode de fonctionnement, dans lequel les deuxièmes éléments de commutation sont tels que les seconds éléments de connexion occupent leur configuration de circuit fermé, permet d'assurer une charge électrique du dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12 par la source d'alimentation électrique 14 via le convertisseur de tension 16 ou directement depuis la source d'alimentation électrique 14.A third mode of operation, in which the second switching elements are such that the second connection elements occupy their closed circuit configuration, makes it possible to ensure an electrical charge of the electrical energy storage device 12 by the power source 14 via the voltage converter 16 or directly from the power source 14.

Un quatrième mode de fonctionnement, dans lequel les premiers éléments de commutation sont tels que les premiers éléments de connexion occupent leur configuration de circuit fermé, permet d'assurer l'injection d'une quantité d'énergie électrique contenue dans le dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12 vers la source d'alimentation électrique 14 via l'onduleur 15.A fourth mode of operation, in which the first switching elements are such that the first connection elements occupy their closed circuit configuration, makes it possible to ensure the injection of a quantity of electrical energy contained in the storage device of electrical energy 12 to the electrical power source 14 via the inverter 15.

Un cinquième mode de fonctionnement est tel que l'organe de chauffe 13 est alimenté par la source d'alimentation électrique 14 en même temps que cette dernière est alimentée, par l'intermédiaire de l'onduleur 15, par le dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12.A fifth mode of operation is such that the heating member 13 is powered by the electrical power source 14 at the same time as the latter is powered, via the inverter 15, by the storage device of electric power 12.

Un sixième mode de fonctionnement permet d'assurer une alimentation de l'organe de chauffe 13 directement par la source d'alimentation électrique 14 sans passer par le convertisseur de tension 16.A sixth mode of operation makes it possible to supply the heating member 13 directly by the electrical power source 14 without going through the voltage converter 16.

L'unité de gestion 17 peut combiner deux ou plusieurs de ces six modes à chaque instant.The management unit 17 can combine two or more of these six modes at any time.

L'intelligence précédemment évoquée permet de choisir les meilleures conditions pour choisir entre la chauffe par l'organe de chauffe 13, la charge directe du dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12, la décharge du dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique 12 vers la source d'alimentation 14.The previously mentioned intelligence makes it possible to choose the best conditions for choosing between heating by the heating member 13, direct charging of the electrical energy storage device 12, discharging of the electrical energy storage device 12 towards the power source 14.

Notamment, il peut être prévu d'adresser un courant en entrée 131 de l'organe de chauffe 13 dès que la température, relevée par un capteur de mesure dédié, est inférieure à une température de consigne connue de l'unité de gestion 17.In particular, provision may be made to send a current to the input 131 of the heating element 13 as soon as the temperature, detected by a dedicated measurement sensor, is lower than a setpoint temperature known to the management unit 17.

Grâce au convertisseur de tension 16, la tension et donc le courant dans l'organe de chauffe 13 peuvent varier selon la puissance de chauffe nécessaire à la pièce.Thanks to the voltage converter 16, the voltage and therefore the current in the heating member 13 can vary according to the heating power required for the part.

Le courant dans l'organe de chauffe 13 peut notamment être interrompu dès que la différence entre la température de la pièce et la température de consigne est supérieure à une valeur prédéterminée, par exemple de l'ordre de 0,3°C, ou selon un algorithme de gestion.The current in the heating member 13 can in particular be interrupted as soon as the difference between the temperature of the room and the setpoint temperature is greater than a predetermined value, for example of the order of 0.3° C., or according to a management algorithm.

La charge du dispositif de stockage 12 peut être démarrée lorsqu'une énergie peu chère est disponible ou lorsque l'état de charge du dispositif de stockage 12 devient inférieur à un seuil bas prédéterminé, par exemple de l'ordre de 15%.The charging of the storage device 12 can be started when inexpensive energy is available or when the state of charge of the storage device 12 becomes lower than a predetermined low threshold, for example of the order of 15%.

La charge du dispositif de stockage 12 peut être interrompue lorsque l'état de charge du dispositif de stockage 12 est suffisamment élevé, notamment en étant supérieur à un seuil haut, par exemple de l'ordre de 95%.The charging of the storage device 12 can be interrupted when the state of charge of the storage device 12 is sufficiently high, in particular by being greater than a high threshold, for example of the order of 95%.

La décharge du dispositif de stockage 12 peut être commandée lorsque le dispositif de stockage 12 est suffisamment chargé, notamment lorsque son état de charge est supérieur à un seuil intermédiaire, par exemple de l'ordre de 50%, et lorsqu'aucune source d'énergie peu chère n'est disponible.The discharge of the storage device 12 can be controlled when the storage device 12 is sufficiently charged, in particular when its state of charge is greater than an intermediate threshold, for example of the order of 50%, and when no source of inexpensive energy is available.

De plus, l'appareil de chauffage 10 comprend des éléments de communication, préférentiellement sans fil, logés dans le boitier 11 et permettant à l'unité de gestion 17 de pouvoir communiquer avec au moins un dispositif communiquant d'un système de gestion énergétique du bâtiment dans lequel l'appareil de chauffage 10 est implanté. Cela permet à l'intelligence précédemment évoquée de s'intégrer directement et aisément dans le système de gestion d'énergie, ou EMS pour « Energy Management System » en terminologie anglo-saxonne, du bâtiment.In addition, the heating device 10 comprises communication elements, preferably wireless, housed in the box 11 and allowing the management unit 17 to be able to communicate with at least one communicating device of an energy management system of the building in which the heater 10 is located. This allows the previously mentioned intelligence to be integrated directly and easily into the energy management system, or EMS for "Energy Management System" in Anglo-Saxon terminology, of the building.

L'invention concerne également une installation électrique comprenant la source d'alimentation électrique 14 délivrant une tension électrique et au moins un tel appareil de chauffage 10, la sortie 152 de l'onduleur 15 dudit au moins un appareil de chauffage 10 étant reliée à la source d'alimentation électrique 14.The invention also relates to an electrical installation comprising the electrical power source 14 delivering an electrical voltage and at least one such a heating device 10, the output 152 of the inverter 15 of said at least one heating device 10 being connected to the electrical power source 14.

L'utilisation de capteurs de température intégrés dans l'appareil de chauffage 10 permet une connaissance complète du bâtiment et des habitudes de ses utilisateurs sans ajout de capteurs supplémentaires.The use of temperature sensors integrated into the heating appliance 10 allows complete knowledge of the building and the habits of its users without adding additional sensors.

La présence de capteurs et de l'intelligence permet de gérer la consommation d'énergie de manière précise et de connaître les besoins du bâtiment.The presence of sensors and intelligence makes it possible to manage energy consumption precisely and to know the needs of the building.

Grâce à l'utilisation du dispositif de stockage 12 et de l'onduleur 15, l'énergie électrique peut être stockée dans l'appareil de chauffage 10 puis déstockée suivant les besoins du bâtiment.Thanks to the use of the storage device 12 and the inverter 15, the electrical energy can be stored in the heating device 10 and then removed from storage according to the needs of the building.

Associé à des sources de production d'énergie telles que le solaire ou l'éolien, l'appareil de chauffage 10 peut augmenter le taux de couverture des besoins énergétiques par des sources renouvelables et parallèlement garantir un taux d'autoconsommation allant jusqu'à 100%.Combined with energy production sources such as solar or wind, the heater 10 can increase the rate of coverage of energy needs by renewable sources and at the same time guarantee a self-consumption rate of up to 100 %.

Les éléments de communication, typiquement basés sur des protocoles à faible consommation, permettent de partager les informations avec une intelligence centralisée du système de gestion d'énergie.The communication elements, typically based on low consumption protocols, allow information to be shared with a centralized intelligence of the energy management system.

L'intelligence dédiée de l'appareil de chauffage 10 peut être dotée d'algorithmes de type apprentissage machine permettant de maximiser les économies sur l'ensemble du bâtiment en s'appuyant sur les capteurs de présence et de température présents sur l'ensemble du bâtiment.The heater 10's dedicated intelligence can be equipped with machine learning-like algorithms to maximize savings across the entire building by leveraging occupancy and temperature sensors across the entire building. building.

Cette intelligence permet de produire ou d'améliorer un modèle thermique du bâtiment représentant les caractéristiques principales de ce bâtiment avec une précision correspondant au niveau d'installation des appareils de chauffage 10.This intelligence makes it possible to produce or improve a thermal model of the building representing the main characteristics of this building with an accuracy corresponding to the level of installation of the heating appliances 10.

Par comparaison avec le modèle produit ou amélioré, la présence des capteurs permet aussi de détecter les pertes thermiques ou les écarts inhabituels afin de participer aux mécanismes de sécurité, d'améliorer les habitudes des utilisateurs et d'anticiper des maintenances préventives sur le bâtiment.By comparison with the produced or improved model, the presence of sensors also makes it possible to detect thermal losses or unusual deviations in order to participate in safety mechanisms, improve user habits and anticipate preventive maintenance on the building.

L'intégration des informations d'inertie de l'organe de chauffe 13 et de l'effet de chaleur ponctuel dans la gestion d'énergie du bâtiment permet d'améliorer l'autoconsommation du bâtiment sans baisse du confort thermique des utilisateurs.The integration of information on the inertia of the heating member 13 and of the occasional heat effect in the energy management of the building makes it possible to improve the self-consumption of the building without reducing the thermal comfort of the users.

Avantageusement, ce type de système de gestion de l'énergie peut être intégré au sein des réseaux intelligents dits « smarts grids » en terminologie anglo-saxonne pour permettre un stockage en conditions optimales des énergies renouvelables et continues sur le réseau électrique.Advantageously, this type of energy management system can be integrated within intelligent networks called “smarts grids” in Anglo-Saxon terminology to allow storage under optimal conditions of renewable and continuous energies on the electrical network.

Avantageusement, l'unité de gestion 17 du de l'appareil de chauffage 10 peut être commandé subséquemment aux événements du réseau domestique ou du réseau national pour compenser les cas suivants rencontrés en « smart grids » : production en surplus par rapport à la demande, demande en surplus par rapport à la production et soutirage de puissance réactive.Advantageously, the management unit 17 of the heating device 10 can be controlled subsequently to the events of the domestic network or the national network to compensate for the following cases encountered in "smart grids": production in excess of demand, surplus demand in relation to the production and withdrawal of reactive power.

En cas de production supérieure à la demande, le dispositif de stockage 12 peut consommer de l'énergie sur le réseau domestique ou national en vue de son stockage local.In the event of production greater than demand, the storage device 12 can consume energy on the domestic or national network with a view to its local storage.

En cas de demande supérieure à la production, le dispositif de stockage 12 peut fournir de l'énergie au réseau domestique ou national.In the event of demand greater than production, the storage device 12 can supply energy to the domestic or national network.

En cas de soutirage de puissance réactive, le dispositif de stockage 12 peut être utilisé, avec les paramètres de tension et de phase adéquats, pour augmenter le facteur de puissance et/ou réduire la pollution harmonique du réseau.In the event of reactive power withdrawal, the storage device 12 can be used, with the appropriate voltage and phase parameters, to increase the power factor and/or reduce the harmonic pollution of the network.

Les sources d'énergie solaire, les piles à combustible, les superapacités et les batteries électrochimiques sont des sources de tension continue qui peuvent être partiellement intégrées à la source d'alimentation électrique 14 qui alimente l'appareil de chauffage 10. Ces sources de tension continue présentant généralement des niveaux de tension importants, le convertisseur de tension 16 de type DC/DC permet alors une utilisation dans l'appareil de chauffage 10 dans des conditions optimales.Solar power sources, fuel cells, supercapacitors, and electrochemical batteries are DC voltage sources that may be partially integrated with electrical power source 14 that powers heater 10. These voltage sources DC generally having high voltage levels, the DC/DC type voltage converter 16 then allows use in the heating device 10 under optimal conditions.

L'éclairage, la climatisation et l'eau chaude sanitaire peuvent être intégrés à l'intelligence centrale pour permettre de faire participer les autres éléments du bâtiment à la gestion de l'énergie.Lighting, air conditioning and domestic hot water can be integrated with central intelligence to allow other building elements to participate in energy management.

L'utilisation dans le logement d'une chaudière à cogénération peut avantageusement apporter une source supplémentaire d'électricité pour la recharge des batteries. Ainsi, le système comprenant l'installation électrique précédemment décrite et une chaudière à cogénération assure que l'intégralité de l'électricité produite par la chaudière soit effectivement autoconsommée.The use of a cogeneration boiler in the dwelling can advantageously provide an additional source of electricity for recharging the batteries. Thus, the system comprising the electrical installation described above and a cogeneration boiler ensures that all of the electricity produced by the boiler is effectively self-consumed.

Claims (10)

  1. An electric radiator-type heating appliance (10) having a case (11) containing an electrical energy storage device (12), first linking elements to allow linking the electrical energy storage device (12) to an electrical power source (14) external to the appliance (10), at least one heater member (13) producing a flow (F) of calories when an input (131) of the heater member (13) is supplied with an electric voltage, second linking elements to allow linking the input (131) of the heater member (13) to an output (122) of the electrical energy storage device (12) and third linking elements to allow linking the input (131) of the heater member (13) to the electrical power source (14), the first linking elements comprise first connecting elements linking the output (122) of the electrical energy storage device (12) to the electrical power source (14), the first connecting elements comprising:
    - an inverter (15) housed in the case (11),
    characterized in that an input (151) of the inverter is connected to the output (122) of the electrical energy storage device (12) and an output (152) of the inverter (15) is capable of being linked to the electrical power source (14),
    - and the first connecting elements further comprise first switching elements for varying the first connecting elements between an open-circuit configuration and a closed-circuit configuration in which electrical energy stored in the electrical energy storage device (12) is injected into the electrical power source (14) via the inverter (15).
  2. The heating appliance (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the inverter (15) comprises heat sinks producing a second flow of calories with the calories generated by the inverter (15) and in that the second flow is mixed with the first flow of calories generated by the heater member (13).
  3. The heating appliance (10) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the first linking elements comprise second connecting elements linking an input (121) of the electrical energy storage device (12) to the electrical power source (14), said second connecting elements comprising:
    - a voltage converter (16) housed in the case (11) and having an input (161) supplied by the electrical power source (14) and an output (162) linked to the input (121) of the electrical energy storage device (12),
    - and second switching elements for varying the second connecting elements between an open-circuit configuration and a closed-circuit configuration in which electrical energy from the electrical power source (14) is injected into the electrical energy storage device (12) via the voltage converter (16).
  4. The heating appliance (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that the voltage converter (16) comprises heat sinks producing a third flow of calories with the calories generated by the voltage converter (16) and in that the third flow is mixed with the first flow of calories generated by the heater member (13).
  5. The heating appliance (10) according to any one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the voltage converter (16) and the inverter (15) are constituted by the same and single bidirectional electrical system.
  6. The heating appliance (10) according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the third linking elements comprise linking elements between the output (162) of the voltage converter (16) and the input (131) of the heater member (13).
  7. The heating appliance (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a management unit (17) housed in the case (11) and controlling at least the heater member (13) and the first switching elements and/or linking elements directly linking the input (131) of the heater member (13) to the electrical power source.
  8. The heating appliance (10) according to claim 7, characterized in that the management unit (17) ensures a control of the second switching elements, of third switching elements for varying the second linking elements between a closed-circuit configuration and an open-circuit configuration, and of fourth switching elements for varying the third linking elements between a closed-circuit configuration and an open-circuit configuration.
  9. The heating appliance (10) according to any one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that it comprises communication elements housed in the case (11) allowing the management unit (17) to be able to communicate with at least one communicating device of an energy management system of the building in which the heating appliance (10) is installed.
  10. An electrical installation comprising an electrical power source (14) delivering an electric voltage and at least one heating appliance (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, the output (152) of the inverter (15) of said at least one heating appliance (10) being linked to the electrical power source (14).
EP18800249.7A 2017-11-20 2018-10-10 Heating apparatus comprising a battery and a power inverter for introducing energy from the battery to the electrical supply source Active EP3676541B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1760912A FR3073932B1 (en) 2017-11-20 2017-11-20 HEATING APPARATUS WITH INTEGRATED BATTERY AND INVERTER FOR INJECTING BATTERY ENERGY TO THE POWER SUPPLY SOURCE
PCT/FR2018/052516 WO2019097130A1 (en) 2017-11-20 2018-10-10 Heating apparatus comprising a battery and a power inverter for introducing energy from the battery to the electrical supply source

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EP3676541B1 true EP3676541B1 (en) 2023-05-31

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CA (1) CA3081413A1 (en)
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FR3073606B1 (en) 2017-11-16 2019-10-18 Lancey Energy Storage HEATING APPARATUS INCORPORATING A BATTERY IMPLANTED IN THE FRESH AIR FLOW
FR3100605B1 (en) * 2019-09-05 2021-09-10 Lancey Energy Storage Electric heater comprising a thermal protection shield between the heater and a removable electrical energy storage device
FR3103646B1 (en) * 2019-11-27 2022-05-06 Lancey Energy Storage Resilient micro-grid of electric radiator type heaters
RU2745057C1 (en) * 2020-03-13 2021-03-18 Алексей Борисович Моров Object heating installation
NL2028825B1 (en) * 2021-07-23 2023-01-30 Greeniuz Holding B V method for modulating an electric infrared heating panel.
CN114674029A (en) * 2022-03-30 2022-06-28 江西锋铄新能源科技有限公司 Calculation power boiler equipment

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EP3676541A1 (en) 2020-07-08
FR3073932A1 (en) 2019-05-24
ES2955972T3 (en) 2023-12-11
CA3081413A1 (en) 2019-05-23
FR3073932B1 (en) 2020-06-12
US20200329531A1 (en) 2020-10-15

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