EP3670743B1 - Structure de drainage - Google Patents

Structure de drainage Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP3670743B1
EP3670743B1 EP20156407.7A EP20156407A EP3670743B1 EP 3670743 B1 EP3670743 B1 EP 3670743B1 EP 20156407 A EP20156407 A EP 20156407A EP 3670743 B1 EP3670743 B1 EP 3670743B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drain
layer
water
passage
force distribution
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20156407.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3670743A1 (fr
Inventor
Michaeel Emborg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rockwool AS
Original Assignee
Rockwool AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rockwool AS filed Critical Rockwool AS
Publication of EP3670743A1 publication Critical patent/EP3670743A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3670743B1 publication Critical patent/EP3670743B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
    • E03F1/002—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water with disposal into the ground, e.g. via dry wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/02—Foundations, e.g. with drainage or heating arrangements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/003—Foundations for pavings characterised by material or composition used, e.g. waste or recycled material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/006—Foundations for pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/06—Methods or arrangements for protecting foundations from destructive influences of moisture, frost or vibration
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F5/00—Draining the sub-base, i.e. subgrade or ground-work, e.g. embankment of roads or of the ballastway of railways or draining-off road surface or ballastway drainage by trenches, culverts, or conduits or other specially adapted means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a structure for draining surface water, a method for draining surface water and a method of installing a structure for draining surface water.
  • Precipitation such as rain, snow, sleet, hail and the like results in surface water which can cause the ground to become waterlogged. It is important to drain surface water to prevent damage to the ground caused by excess water. This is a particular issue for recreation grounds, including children's playgrounds and sports grounds where there is a high level of wear on the ground. If the ground becomes waterlogged, the surface can become damaged by the high level of wear, and then needs repair or replacement. It is therefore important that the ground is provided with an efficient drainage system.
  • NL1013987 discloses a subsurface comprising stone wool granulate for a sports field which is at least partly covered in natural grass.
  • the purpose of the stone wool granulate is to stabilise the ground and improve the flatness of the sports field even when the grass is played on excessively. It is necessary to provide drainage lines in addition to the stone wool granulate in order to provide adequate drainage.
  • FR2877956 discloses a layered structure for a children's play area which has improved properties for cushioning falls.
  • the structure comprises a layer or mat of grass, a layer of earth and a layer of mineral fibres bound by a binding agent and comprising a wetting agent.
  • the wetting agent is present to allow the mineral fibre panels to absorb water to help the grass to grow.
  • the wetting agent is designed to wash out over time so that the mineral fibre panels gradually lose their water retention capacity. There is no consideration of the importance of draining water from the children's play area.
  • US4019,326 discloses a horizontal soil drainage system consisting of a nonwoven three-dimensional mat of a plurality of looped, intersecting and substantially amorphous filaments of melt-spun synthetic polymers bonded together at their intersections, at least one of the outer surfaces of said mat having a lower cross-sectional porosity than the center zone of said mat.
  • This mat can be rolled up and therefore does not have a high compressive strength and may be compacted by force impacting from the ground surface. This will reduce the porosity of the mat, and thus the ability of the mat to drain water.
  • WO 2008/128156 relates to a water channeling system including at least one channeling member comprising fixed aggregate forming a solid body.
  • a structure for draining surface water comprising a coherent force distribution layer and a drain layer, wherein the drain layer is formed of an array of coherent hydrophilic man-made vitreous fiber (MMVF) drain elements, wherein each of the drain elements comprises man-made vitreous fibres bonded with a cured binder composition, wherein the drain layer is below the force distribution layer, wherein at least one drain element has opposed first and second ends and comprises a passage which extends from a first opening in the first end to a second opening in the second end; and wherein the thickness of the force distribution layer is 1 to 10 cm.
  • MMVF man-made vitreous fiber
  • a method of installing a structure for draining surface water comprising positioning a drain layer in the ground, wherein the drain layer is formed of an array of coherent hydrophilic man-made vitreous fiber (MMVF) drain elements, wherein each of the drain elements comprises man-made vitreous fibres bonded with a cured binder composition, and positioning a coherent force distribution layer above the drain layer; wherein at least one drain element has opposed first and second ends and comprises a passage which extends from a first opening in the first end to a second opening in the second end; and wherein the thickness of the force distribution layer is 1 to 10 cm.
  • MMVF man-made vitreous fiber
  • a method of draining surface water comprising providing a coherent force distribution layer and a drain layer, wherein the drain layer is formed of an array of coherent hydrophilic man-made vitreous fiber (MMVF) drain elements, wherein each of the drain elements comprises man-made vitreous fibres bonded with a cured binder composition, wherein the drain layer is below the force distribution layer, whereby water in fluid communication with the drain elements is:
  • MMVF coherent hydrophilic man-made vitreous fiber
  • the invention relates to draining surface water, preferably draining surface water from recreation grounds such as children's playgrounds and sports grounds, preferably sports grounds.
  • Sports grounds include football pitches, rugby pitches, cricket pitches, lawn bowling greens, lawn tennis courts, golf greens, playing fields, athletic grounds and equestrian centres. This invention is particularly useful for draining surface water from football pitches.
  • MMVF substrates are known for numerous purposes, including for sound and thermal insulation, fire protection and in the field of growing plants. When used for growing plants, the MMVF substrate absorbs water to allow plants to grow. When used for growing plants, it is important that the MMVF substrate does not dry out. In the field of growing plants, an MMVF substrate is normally used instead of soil to grow plants. The relative capillarity of soil and an MMVF substrate is not important in the field of growing plants.
  • WO01/23681 discloses the use of MMVF substrate as a sewage filter.
  • the man-made vitreous fibres can be glass fibres, ceramic fibres, basalt fibres, slag wool, stone wool and others, but are usually stone wool fibres.
  • Stone wool generally has a content of iron oxide at least 3% and content of alkaline earth metals (calcium oxide and magnesium oxide) from 10 to 40 %, along with the other usual oxide constituents of MMVF.
  • alkaline earth metals calcium oxide and magnesium oxide
  • These are silica; alumina; alkali metals (sodium oxide and potassium oxide) which are usually present in low amounts; and can also include titania and other minor oxides.
  • Fibre diameter is often in the range of 3 to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 3 to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the MMVF substrate is in the form of a coherent mass. That is, the MMVF substrate is generally a coherent matrix of MMVF fibres, which has been produced as such, but can also be formed by granulating a slab of MMVF and consolidating the granulated material.
  • the binder may be any of the binders known for use as binders for coherent MMVF products.
  • the MMVF substrate may comprise a wetting agent.
  • the MMVF substrate is hydrophilic, that is it attracts water.
  • the MMVF substrate is hydrophilic due to the binder system used. In the binder system, the binder itself may be hydrophilic and/or a wetting agent used.
  • the hydrophilicity of a sample of MMVF substrate can be measured by determining the sinking time of a sample.
  • a sample of MMVF substrate having dimensions of 100x100x65 mm is required for determining the sinking time.
  • a container with a minimum size of 200x200x200 mm is filled with water.
  • the sinking time is the time from when the sample first contacts the water surface to the time when the test specimen is completely submerged.
  • the sample is placed in contact with the water in such a way that a cross-section of 100x100 mm first touches the water.
  • the sample will then need to sink a distance of just over 65mm in order to be completely submerged. The faster the sample sinks, the more hydrophilic the sample is.
  • the MMVF substrate is considered hydrophilic if the sinking time is less than 120 s. Preferably the sinking time is less than 60 s. In practice, the MMVF substrate may have a sinking time of a few seconds, such as less than 10 seconds.
  • a wetting agent is additionally included in the MMVF substrate.
  • a wetting agent will increase the amount of water that the MMVF substrate can absorb.
  • the use of a wetting agent in combination with a hydrophobic binder results in a hydrophilic MMVF substrate.
  • the wetting agent may be any of the wetting agents known for use in MMVF substrates that are used as growth substrates. For instance it may be a non-ionic wetting agent such as Triton X-100 or Rewopal. Some non-ionic wetting agents may be washed out of the MMVF substrate over time. It is therefore preferable to use an ionic wetting agent, especially an anionic wetting agent, such as linear alkyl benzene sulphonate. These do not wash out of the MMVF substrate to the same extent.
  • EP1961291 discloses a method for producing water-absorbing fibre products by interconnecting fibres using a self-curing phenolic resin and under the action of a wetting agent, characterised in that a binder solution containing a self-curing phenolic resin and polyalcohol is used.
  • This type of binder can be used in the present invention.
  • the wetting agent does not become washed out of the MMVF substrate and therefore does not contaminate the surrounding ground.
  • the binder of the MMVF substrate can be hydrophilic.
  • a hydrophilic binder does not require the use of a wetting agent.
  • a wetting agent can nevertheless be used to increase the hydrophilicity of a hydrophilic binder in a similar manner to its action in combination with a hydrophobic binder. This means that the MMVF substrate will absorb a higher volume of water than if the wetting agent is not present. Any hydrophilic binder can be used.
  • the binder may be a formaldehyde-free aqueous binder composition
  • a binder component (A) obtainable by reacting at least one alkanolamine with at least one carboxylic anhydride and, optionally, treating the reaction product with a base; and a binder component (B) which comprises at least one carbohydrate, as disclosed in WO2004/007615 .
  • Binders of this type are hydrophilic.
  • WO97/07664 discloses a hydrophilic substrate that obtains its hydrophilic properties from the use of a furan resin as a binder.
  • the use of a furan resin allows the abandonment of the use of a wetting agent.
  • Binders of this type may be used in the present invention.
  • WO07129202 discloses a hydrophilic curable aqueous composition wherein said curable aqueous composition is formed in a process comprising combining the following components:
  • the hydrophilic modifier can be a sugar alcohol, monosaccharide, disaccharide or oligosaccharide. Examples given include glycerol, sorbitol, glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, glucose syrup and fructose syrup. Binders of this type can be used in the present invention.
  • a binder composition comprising:
  • Binder levels are preferably in the range 0.5 to 5 wt%, preferably 2 to 4 wt%, based on the weight of the MMVF substrate.
  • Levels of wetting agent are preferably in the range 0 to 1 wt%, based on the weight of the MMVF substrate, in particular in the range 0.2 to 0.8 wt%, especially in the range 0.4 to 0.6 wt%.
  • the MMVF product may be made by any of the methods known to those skilled in the art for production of MMVF growth substrate products.
  • a mineral charge is provided, which is melted in a furnace to form a mineral melt.
  • the melt is then formed into fibres by means of centrifugal fiberisation e.g. using a spinning cup or a cascade spinner, to form a cloud of fibres.
  • Binder and optionally wetting agent are usually added at the fiberisation stage by spraying into the cloud of forming fibres.
  • the present invention provides a structure for draining surface water according to claim 1, comprising a coherent force distribution layer and a drain layer, wherein the drain layer is formed of an array of coherent hydrophilic man-made vitreous fiber (MMVF) drain elements, wherein each of the drain elements comprises man-made vitreous fibres bonded with a cured binder composition, wherein the drain layer is below the force distribution layer, wherein at least one drain element has opposed first and second ends and comprises a passage which extends from a first opening in the first end to a second opening in the second end; and wherein the thickness of the force distribution layer is 1 to 10 cm.
  • MMVF man-made vitreous fiber
  • the openings of the passages of two drain elements are aligned to allow water to pass through the two drain elements. This means that two of the openings are lined up with each other so as to allow water to pass from the passage of one drain element into the passage of the other drain element and vice versa.
  • the passage in at least one drain element may be at an angle of 0.5 to 5° from horizontal, preferably 1- 4° from horizontal, preferably 1-3° from horizontal.
  • the second opening is higher than the first opening.
  • the advantage of a sloping passage is that water can flow towards the first opening of the passage. The water can then be disposed of.
  • the water flows via the first opening to a water disposal point, preferably a tank mains drainage, or a water drain reservoir.
  • the passage within at least one drain element may be horizontal.
  • the passages within two drain elements are connected and form an inverted V shape with respect to the horizontal.
  • This allows water to be directed in two directions for disposal away from the mid point of the inverted V, rather than requiring all the water to flow in one direction.
  • the passage can be formed at an angle with respect to the top of the MMVF substrate, or the MMVF substrate can be installed so that its top surface at an angle with the horizontal.
  • the passage may be at an angle with respect to the top surface of the MMVF substrate. It is highly desirable that the top of the MMVF substrate is substantially level so that the force distribution layer can be arranged directly on top of the MMVF substrate. This gives a level surface on which the force distribution layer can be positioned.
  • the passage is enclosed within the MMVF of the drain element, except at the first and second openings. This prevents any debris from entering the passage along the length of the passage.
  • the passage may be exposed at the top surface of the drain element such that the passage is enclosed by the layer above the drain element, for example, the force distribution layer.
  • the MMVF substrate that is used as drain element in the present invention preferably has a density in the range of 60 to 280 kg/m 3 , preferably in the range of 70 to 150 kg/m 3 , more preferably 100 to 130 kg/m 3 , such as around 110 kg/m 3 .
  • the density of the MMVF substrate is the density of the MMVF substrate as such, that is the density of the MMVF substrate excluding a passage, if present. The optional passage is not taken into account when calculating the density of the MMVF substrate.
  • the advantage of density in this range is that the MMVF substrate has a relatively high compression strength. This is important because the MMVF substrate will be installed in a position where people need to travel over the ground in which the MMVF substrate is positioned.
  • Some of the drains may not have passages.
  • the advantage of having some drains without passages is that there are less passages to connect to a water disposal point.
  • the advantage of more of the drains have a passage is that water can flow more easily through the passages to a water disposal point than through the drains without passages.
  • At least 20 % of the drains comprise a passage, more preferably at least 40 %, more preferably at least 50 %, more preferably at least 80 %, most preferably all of the drains comprise a passage.
  • the drain layer covers the whole area which is to be drained with the drain elements arranged in parallel rows.
  • the drain elements are arranged in at least one row, preferably a plurality of parallel rows. In the case of a pitch such as a football pitch, the drain layer will cover the whole area under the pitch.
  • each drain element are preferably each independently in the range 10 to 80 cm, more preferably 15 to 60 cm.
  • the advantage of using a drain element with these widths and heights is that it is large enough to be able to store water within the pores of the MMVF substrate and thus buffer an amount of water.
  • the widths and heights are small enough for it to be straightforward to install the drain underground.
  • the drain elements may optionally have a greater height and/or width, but this will increase the time and effort required to install the drain.
  • each drain element may be any length, but will normally be in the range of 50 cm to 200 cm, such as around 100 cm. In use the drain will normally be combined with other drain elements as required to cover the area to be drained.
  • drain elements could be in fluid communication with each other by lining up their ends and passages, where present, in order to create a longer drain.
  • the volume of each of the drain elements is preferably in the range 5000 to 700,000 cm 3 , more preferably 20,000 to 200,000 cm 3 .
  • the precise volume is chosen according to the volume of water which is expected to be managed.
  • the drain elements have a rectangular or square cross-section which makes it easy to manufacture and reduces production wastage of the MMVF substrate.
  • Drain elements with rectangular or square cross-section can be installed in close connection with each other as they can abut each other.
  • the cross-section may be circular, triangular or any convenient shape.
  • the cross-sectional area of the drain element is substantially uniform along the length.
  • substantially uniform means that the cross-sectional area at all points along the length remains within 10 % of the average cross-sectional area, preferably within 5 %, most preferably within 1 %.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first and second openings are in the range 2 to 200 cm 2 , preferably 5 to 100 cm 2 .
  • the cross-sectional area of the first opening is in the range 0.5 % to 15 % of the cross-sectional area of the first end MMVF substrate, more preferably 1 % to 10%.
  • the cross-sectional area of the second opening is in the range 0.5 % to 15 % of the cross-sectional area of the second end MMVF substrate, more preferably 1 % to 10 %.
  • the openings are such a small percentage of the cross-sectional area of the ends of the drain since the vast majority of the MMVF substrate is used to buffer the amount of water that is to be conveyed.
  • the cross-sectional area of the passage is preferably substantially uniform along the length of the MMVF substrate.
  • substantially uniform means that the cross-sectional area is within 10 % of the average cross-sectional area, preferably within 5 %, most preferably within 1 %. If necessary however, the cross-sectional area can be varied according to the requirements of the passage to be smaller or larger.
  • the passage is preferably configured so that each passage takes the most direct route through the MMVF substrate to allow water to take the most direct route along the passage to the second opening. This is for ease of manufacture.
  • the passage may have a triangular cross-sectional area.
  • the base of the triangle is preferably parallel with the base of the drain.
  • the passage can have a semi-circular cross-sectional area.
  • the base of the drain is preferably parallel with the base of the semicircle.
  • the passage can have a circular or a rectangular cross-sectional area.
  • the passage is preferably positioned substantially centrally in the width of the cross-section of the drain element. The reason for this is so that the flow of water which is then along a line in the centre of the drain element. This has the advantage that the strength of the drain is maintained at the sides of the drain. If however the passage were arranged close to one side of the drain element, this may reduce the strength of the structure.
  • the passage is offset towards a first direction.
  • the drain may be installed with the passage at the bottom of the drain element, and it is easier to drain the water from the drain element since there is a smaller volume of MMVF substrate below the passage. This means that when the drain element takes on water, there is a smaller volume to saturate with water below the passage before the excess water goes into the passage and can be removed. If the drain element were to be installed with the passage at the top there would be a larger volume of MMVF substrate which would need to be saturated with water before the excess water goes into the passage and can be removed.
  • the drain element may comprise a first part in contact with a second part, wherein the passage is disposed between the first part and the second part.
  • This can be achieved by providing a first part which is preformed so that it has a groove along the length of the MMVF substrate, and when the first part and second parts are placed together, the passage is formed by the groove and the second part.
  • the second part may have the groove.
  • both the first and second part may have a groove and the grooves may be lined up to form the passage when the first and second parts are joined together.
  • the groove or grooves may be of any shape, as required to form the passage.
  • the groove or grooves may therefore have a cross-section which is semi-circular, triangular, rectangular or the like.
  • the first and second parts of the MMVF substrate may simply be placed in contact, or they may be connected, e.g. using an adhesive.
  • the passage is formed of a pipe, preferably a perforated plastic pipe, such as a PVC pipe.
  • the pipe gives strength to the drain and prevents the passage from becoming closed.
  • the pipe is perforated in order to allow the water to drain into the passage.
  • the water holding capacity of the MMVF substrate is at least 80 % of the volume of the substrate, preferably 80-99 %, most preferably 85-95 %.
  • the water holding capacity of the MMVF substrate is high due to the open pore structure and the MMVF substrate preferably being hydrophilic.
  • the amount of water that is retained by the MMVF substrate when it emits water is less than 20 %vol, preferably less than 10 %vol, most preferably less than 5 %vol based on the volume of the substrate.
  • the water retained may be 2 to 20 %vol, such as 5 to 10 %vol.
  • Water may leave the MMVF substrate by water being conveyed by the passage to a disposal means and/or by dissipating into the ground when the surrounding ground is dry and the capillary balance is such that the water dissipates into the ground.
  • the buffering capacity of the MMVF substrate that is the difference between the maximum amount of water that can be held, and the amount of water that is retained when the MMVF substrate gives off water is at least 60 %vol, preferably at least 70 %vol, preferably at least 80 %vol.
  • the buffering capacity may be 60 to 90 %vol, such as 60 to 85 %vol based on the volume of the substrate.
  • the water holding capacity, the amount of water retained and the buffering capacity of the MMVF substrate can each be measured in accordance with EN 13041 -1999.
  • the coherent force distribution layer is present in order to ensure that drain elements are not destroyed and/or does not move out of position when pressure is applied to it, for example by a person running or jumping on it.
  • the force distribution layer ensures that force impacting from the ground surface is not concentrated on a single point of a drain element, but is instead distributed over a larger area.
  • the force distribution layer may be made of a plurality of plates in order to cover the whole area to be drained. Each plate may have a width and length in the range of 0.5 to 5 m, preferably 1 to 3 m, more preferably 1 to 2 m.
  • the force distribution layer is preferably a plastic layer, a rubber layer or an MMVF layer. The force distribution layer must allow water to pass through it to the drain elements.
  • the layer may be perforated to allow water to pass through it to the drain elements.
  • the thickness of the force distribution layer is 1 to 10cm, preferably 1-5 cm depending on material it is made from.
  • the force distribution layer needs to be thick enough to distribute force across more than one drain element, and shallow enough to allow easy installation and water permeation.
  • the force distribution layer covers the whole of the drain layer present.
  • the force distribution layer When the force distribution layer is a coherent MMVF layer, it preferably has a compressive strength of at least 20 kPa, such as 30 kPa to 100 kPa, preferably 30 to 60 kPa, and the compressive strength may be up to 20 MPa.
  • the compressive strength is measured according to European Standard EN 826:1996. Force distribution layers with such a compressive strength are particularly suitable for use in the present invention as they ensure that force impacting from the ground surface is not concentrated on a single point of a drain element, but is instead distributed over a larger area.
  • the force distribution layer is a coherent MMVF layer, it preferably has a density of at least 100 kg/m 3 , such as 100 to 280 kg/m 3 , preferably 150 to 200 kg/m 3 , and the density may be up to 600 kg/m 3 .
  • Force distribution layers with such a density are particularly suitable for use in the present invention as they ensure that force impacting from the ground surface is not concentrated on a single point of a drain element, but is instead distributed over a larger area.
  • the force distribution layer is a coherent MMVF layer, it is preferably hydrophilic, that is it attracts water.
  • the MMVF layer is in the form of a coherent mass. That is, the MMVF layer is generally a coherent matrix of MMVF fibres, which has been produced as such, but can also be formed by granulating a slab of MMVF and consolidating the granulated material.
  • the binder may be any of the binders known for use as binders for coherent MMVF products.
  • the MMVF layer may comprise a wetting agent.
  • the binder and optional wetting agent of the MMVF layer may be as described for the MMVF substrate.
  • the structure can further comprise an upper layer above the force distribution layer.
  • the upper layer is preferably grass, earth, artificial grass, sand, gravel, clay or combinations thereof.
  • the structure can further comprise a heating layer between the force distribution layer and the drain layer.
  • a heating layer is particularly useful to defrost pitches, such as football pitches in cold weather.
  • the structure comprises an upper layer, a heating layer, a force distribution layer and a drain layer
  • the heating layer can be positioned between the upper layer and the force distribution layer.
  • the present invention relates to a method of draining surface water as set out in claim 16.
  • the method comprises providing a coherent force distribution layer and a drain layer, wherein the drain layer is formed of an array of coherent hydrophilic man-made vitreous fiber (MMVF) drain elements, wherein each of the drain elements comprises man-made vitreous fibres bonded with a cured binder composition, wherein the drain layer is below the force distribution layer, whereby water in fluid communication with the drain elements is:
  • MMVF coherent hydrophilic man-made vitreous fiber
  • the drain elements can absorb water and store it within its open pore structure and the drain elements can convey water along the passage towards the first opening. This means that the drain elements can store water when required, and also convey water to a water disposal point when required.
  • An advantage of storing the water is that when the surrounding ground is dry enough, the water stored in the MMVF substrate can dissipate from the substrate into the ground. This means that it is not always necessary to remove the water and arrange to dispose of it.
  • the drain elements can store the water and then gradually dissipate it to the ground when the capillary balance between the MMVF substrate and the ground allows the water to dissipate into the ground.
  • the water can be conveyed by gravity along the passage, for example, by installing the passage with a slope such that the second end of the MMVF substrate is higher than the first end of the MMVF substrate as discussed above.
  • An advantage of installing the drain with a slope is that it is not necessary to pump the water from the drain element.
  • a pump can be provided which is in fluid communication with the first opening of the passage, wherein the pump conveys water towards the first opening of the passage.
  • the pump may be in fluid communication with the first opening by means of a conduit, such as a pipe.
  • the water can be pumped along the passage to a water disposal point such as a tank, mains drainage or a water drain reservoir.
  • the passage is preferably offset and positioned in the lower half of the MMVF substrate. It is advantageous for the passage to be at the bottom of the MMVF substrate as this means that there is a smaller volume of MMVF substrate to saturate with water before the water goes into the passage.
  • the MMVF substrate acts like a filter itself in order to prevent any contaminate such as earth entering the drain element and blocking the passage.
  • the method of installing comprises positioning a drain layer in the ground, wherein the drain layer is formed of an array of coherent hydrophilic man-made vitreous fiber (MMVF) drain elements, wherein each of the drain elements comprises man-made vitreous fibres bonded with a cured binder composition, and positioning a coherent force distribution layer above the drain layer; wherein at least one drain element has opposed first and second ends and comprises a passage which extends from a first opening in the first end to a second opening in the second end; and wherein the thickness of the force distribution layer is 1 to 10 cm.
  • MMVF man-made vitreous fiber
  • the first opening of the drain is arranged in fluid communication with a water disposal point.
  • the drainage system is installed by digging out an area which is to be drained, positioning the drain elements in the area in fluid communication with each other area so that a layer of drain elements covers the entire area to be drained, positioning a coherent force distribution layer on top of the drain layer and optionally positioning an upper layer on top of the force distribution layer. In this way, a level surface is created through which surface water can drain.
  • the MMVF substrates may be installed so that the passages are on a slope, and/or connected to a pump.
  • Figure 1 shows a force distribution layer 1 above a drain element 2.
  • Figure 2 shows a force distribution layer 1a above a drain element 2a.
  • the drain element 2a has a passage 3a running from the first end of the drain element to the second end of the drain element.
  • the passage 3a is sloped to allow water to flow along the passage towards the lowest point. The water then flows from the passage to a water disposal point 4a.
  • Figure 3 shows a force distribution layer 1b above a first drain element 2b and a second drain element 5b.
  • the first drain element 2b and second drain element 5b each have a passage 3b and 6b respectively.
  • the passages 3b and 6b are each at an angle and the passages are aligned at the highest point. In this way the water can flow through either passage, depending which drain element the water enters.
  • the water flows to two water disposal points, 4b and 7b respectively.
  • the water disposal points 4b and 7b could be the same water disposal point.
  • Figure 4 shows a force distribution layer 1c above a heating layer 8c.
  • the drain elements 2c, 9c and 10c are each directly below the heating layer.
  • Drain element 9c is disposed between drain elements 2c and 10c.
  • a horizontal passage 3c runs through each of the drain elements 2c, 9c and 10c. This shows how multiple drain elements can be in fluid communication which each other to form the structure.
  • Figure 5 shows an upper layer 11d above a force distribution layer 1d.
  • a drain element 2d is below the force distribution layer.
  • FIG. 6 shows a force distribution layer 1e, above a drain layer.
  • the drain layer comprises an array of drain elements 2e and spacing elements 12e.
  • Each drain element has a passage 3e extending from one end of the drain element to the other end of the drain element.
  • Some of the drain elements 2e are aligned to the next drain element 2e by aligning the passages 3e to create a row of drain elements 2e.
  • the spacing elements 12e are aligned in rows between the rows of drain elements 2e.
  • the force distribution layer 1e is shown partially covering the drain layer, but in practice will completely cover the drain layer.
  • the spacing elements may be drain elements without a passage. Alternatively, the spacing elements may comprise an MMVF substrate which is hydrophobic.
  • the drain layer as a whole is still able to drain surface water, whether the spacing elements are hydrophilic or hydrophobic as the drain elements 2e are sufficient to drain the surface water.
  • the water holding capacity of a MMVF substrate and silt loam were tested in accordance with EN 13041 - 1999.
  • the MMVF substrate was a stone wool fibre product with a phenol-urea formaldehyde (PUF) binder and a non-ionic surfactant wetting agent. The results are shown in Figure 7 .
  • PAF phenol-urea formaldehyde
  • the MMVF substrate has a maximum water content of 90 %vol based on the substrate volume. When the MMVF substrate gives off water, it retains about 2-5 %vol of water. This means that the MMVF substrate has a buffering capacity of 85-87 %vol. This shows that the MMVF substrate has a high maximum water content, as well as a lower water retention level.
  • the maximum water content of the silt loam is lower than the MMVF substrate.
  • the capillarity of the silt loam is much higher than that of the MMVF substrate, which means a suction pressure of several meters is required in order to withdraw water from the silt loam. This means that the soil will easily drain water from the MMVF substrate as soon as the soil is not saturated.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Une structure de drainage des eaux de surface composée d'une couche cohérente de distribution des forces (1) et d'une couche de drainage, et cette couche de drainage se compose de toute une série d'éléments de drainage (2) en fibres vitreuses artificielles (FVA) cohérentes et hydrophiles, et chacun de ces éléments de drainage comporte des fibres vitreuses synthétiques dont le collage est assuré par une composition à liant polymérisé, et cette couche de drainage se situe au-dessous de la couche de distribution des forces
    et au moins un élément de drainage a une première extrémité et une deuxième extrémité qui sont opposées et comporte une galerie (3a) qui part d'une première ouverture dans la première extrémité et aboutit à une deuxième ouverture dans la deuxième extrémité et l'épaisseur de la couche de distribution des forces se situe entre 1 et 10 cm.
  2. La structure que décrit la revendication 1, si ce n'est que la galerie d'un élément de drainage, au nombre d'au moins un, est horizontale.
  3. La structure que décrit la revendication 1, si ce n'est qu'au moins 20 % des éléments de drainage ont des premières extrémités opposées aux deuxièmes extrémités et une galerie qui part d'une première ouverture de la première extrémité et aboutit à une deuxième ouverture de la deuxième extrémité.
  4. La structure que décrit la revendication 1, si ce n'est que chaque élément de drainage a des premières extrémités opposées aux deuxièmes extrémités et une galerie qui part d'une première ouverture de la première extrémité et aboutit à une deuxième ouverture de la deuxième extrémité.
  5. La structure que décrit la revendication 1, si ce n'est qu'au moins un élément de drainage fait un angle compris entre 0,5 et 5° par rapport à l'horizontale, de préférence compris entre 1 et 4° par rapport à l'horizontale, l'idéal serait un angle compris entre 1 et 3° par rapport à l'horizontale et si ce n'est que la deuxième ouverture est plus haute que la première ouverture.
  6. La structure que décrit l'une ou l'autre des revendications 3 à 5, si ce n'est que les ouvertures des galeries de deux éléments de drainage sont alignées.
  7. La structure que décrit l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, si ce n'est que les éléments de drainage sont disposés sur au moins une rangée, de préférence sur une pluralité de rangées parallèles.
  8. La structure que décrit l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, si ce n'est que la galerie se situe dans la moitié inférieure des éléments de drainage en FVA.
  9. La structure que décrit l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, si ce n'est que les éléments de drainage en FVA comportent un agent mouillant.
  10. La structure que décrit l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, si ce n'est qu'elle est conçue pour le drainage de terrains de jeux, de préférence pour le drainage de terrains sportifs.
  11. La structure que décrit l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, si ce n'est que la couche de distribution des forces se compose d'une couche continue en matière plastique, une couche continue en caoutchouc ou une couche cohérente en FVA.
  12. La structure que décrit l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, si ce n'est qu'elle comporte, en outre, une couche supérieure au-dessus de la couche de distribution des forces et si ce n'est que cette couche supérieure est, de préférence, en gazon naturel, terre, gazon artificiel, sable, gravier, argile ou une combinaison de ces matériaux.
  13. La structure que décrit l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, si ce n'est que ce système comporte, en outre, une couche de chauffage qui vient s'insérer entre la couche de distribution des forces et la couche de drainage.
  14. La structure que décrit l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, si ce n'est que la série d'éléments de drainage communique par un fluide avec un point d'évacuation d'eau, de préférence une cuve, des égouts ou un réservoir d'eaux d'égout.
  15. Un procédé d'installation d'une structure de drainage, et ce procédé consiste à positionner une couche de drainage dans le sol, et cette couche de drainage se compose de toute une série d'éléments de drainage (2) en fibres vitreuses artificielles (FVA) cohérentes et hydrophiles, et chacun de ces éléments de drainage comporte des fibres vitreuses synthétiques dont le collage est assuré par une composition à liant polymérisé, et le positionnement d'une couche cohérente de distribution des forces (1) au-dessus de la couche de drainage,
    et au moins un élément de drainage à une première extrémité et une deuxième extrémité qui sont opposées et comporte une galerie (3a) qui part d'une première ouverture dans la première extrémité et aboutit à une deuxième ouverture dans la deuxième extrémité et l'épaisseur de la couche de distribution des forces se situe entre 1 et 10 cm.
  16. Un procédé de drainage des eaux de surface, et ce procédé consiste à fournir une couche cohérente de distribution des forces (1) et une couche de drainage, et cette couche de drainage se compose d'une série d'éléments de drainage en fibres vitreuses artificielles (FVA) cohérentes et hydrophiles (2), et chacun de ces éléments de drainage comporte des fibres vitreuses synthétiques dont le collage est assuré par une composition à liant polymérisé, et cette couche de drainage vient se positionner au-dessous de la couche de distribution des forces, et l'eau présente dans la communication par un fluide avec l'élément de drainage est : i) absorbée par le substrat en FVA et (ou) ii) acheminée le long des éléments de drainage ; et au moins un élément de drainage a une première extrémité et une deuxième extrémité qui sont opposées et comporte une galerie (3a) qui part d'une première ouverture dans la première extrémité et aboutit à une deuxième ouverture dans la deuxième extrémité et l'épaisseur de la couche de distribution des forces se situe entre 1 et 10 cm.
EP20156407.7A 2012-08-24 2013-08-23 Structure de drainage Active EP3670743B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12181812 2012-08-24
PCT/EP2013/067552 WO2014029873A1 (fr) 2012-08-24 2013-08-23 Structure de drainage
EP13756062.9A EP2898148B1 (fr) 2012-08-24 2013-08-23 Structure de drainage

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13756062.9A Division EP2898148B1 (fr) 2012-08-24 2013-08-23 Structure de drainage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3670743A1 EP3670743A1 (fr) 2020-06-24
EP3670743B1 true EP3670743B1 (fr) 2023-08-02

Family

ID=46939512

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20156407.7A Active EP3670743B1 (fr) 2012-08-24 2013-08-23 Structure de drainage
EP13756062.9A Active EP2898148B1 (fr) 2012-08-24 2013-08-23 Structure de drainage

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13756062.9A Active EP2898148B1 (fr) 2012-08-24 2013-08-23 Structure de drainage

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (2) EP3670743B1 (fr)
DK (2) DK2898148T3 (fr)
ES (2) ES2956872T3 (fr)
SI (1) SI2898148T1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014029873A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016102403A1 (fr) * 2014-12-22 2016-06-30 Rockwool International A/S Terrains de sport engazonnés
WO2020038876A1 (fr) * 2018-08-21 2020-02-27 Hydrofields Bv Structure de support d'herbe hybride à couche de laine de roche, procédé d'installation associé et boîte biodégradable comprenant une telle structure
ES2965655T3 (es) * 2018-11-20 2024-04-16 Rockwool As Alfombrilla amortiguadora para campos deportivos artificiales
EP3656919B1 (fr) * 2018-11-20 2023-05-10 Dutchblue World B.V. Terrain de sport et ses procédés de construction et de fonctionnement
EP3930871B1 (fr) * 2019-02-28 2023-10-25 Rockwool A/S Procédé de filtrage de boue
EP4127341A1 (fr) 2020-04-03 2023-02-08 Rockwool A/S Procédé de drainage d'eau
NL2026238B1 (en) * 2020-08-07 2022-04-08 Civil City Solutions B V Underground vibration shield element
CA3201880A1 (fr) 2020-12-30 2022-07-07 Dorte Bartnik JOHANSSON Systeme de toit
WO2023180535A1 (fr) 2022-03-24 2023-09-28 Rockwool A/S Système de stockage d'eau pluviale

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4019326A (en) * 1972-12-04 1977-04-26 Akzona Incorporated Nonwoven horizontal drainage system
DE69611792T2 (de) 1995-08-30 2001-07-26 Rockwool Int Wasseraufsaugendes pflanzenwuchssubstrat mit furanharz
FI4299U1 (fi) 1999-09-30 2000-01-19 Green Rock Oy Saunasuodatin
NL1013987C2 (nl) * 1999-12-29 2001-07-10 Arcadis Heidemij Realisatie B Steenwol bevattende ondergrond voor een sportveld.
EP1382642A1 (fr) 2002-07-15 2004-01-21 Rockwool International A/S Composition de liant aqueux sans formaldehyde pour fibres minérales
FR2877956B1 (fr) * 2004-11-17 2007-02-09 Saint Gobain Cultilene Bv Structure en couches, notamment pour aire de jeux pour enfants, presentant des proprietes ameliorees d'amortissement des chutes
EP2016122A1 (fr) 2006-05-05 2009-01-21 Dynea OY Liant hydrophile pour substrat de croissance végétale agricole
US20090080976A1 (en) * 2007-04-13 2009-03-26 Erik Anderlind Lightweight aggregate unit and method of manufacture
EP1961291A1 (fr) 2007-07-23 2008-08-27 Rockwool International A/S Substrat de croissance de laine minérale et son utilisation
ES2641648T5 (es) * 2012-01-30 2021-08-12 Rockwool Int Un elemento de drenaje

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2898148B1 (fr) 2020-03-11
EP3670743A1 (fr) 2020-06-24
ES2795420T3 (es) 2020-11-23
DK2898148T3 (da) 2020-06-08
SI2898148T1 (sl) 2020-07-31
EP2898148A1 (fr) 2015-07-29
DK3670743T3 (da) 2023-09-04
ES2956872T3 (es) 2023-12-29
WO2014029873A1 (fr) 2014-02-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3670743B1 (fr) Structure de drainage
DK2809849T3 (en) DRAIN ELEMENT
DK2780513T3 (en) Drainage Reservoir
US10711448B2 (en) Storm water delay device
EP2909384B1 (fr) Drain de point
CA3118028C (fr) Amortisseur pour terrains de sport artificiels
CN113330161B (zh) 运动场及用于形成和操作运动场的方法
EP4271687A1 (fr) Procédé de drainage d'eau
WO2021130178A1 (fr) Barrière de protection contre les inondations

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED

AC Divisional application: reference to earlier application

Ref document number: 2898148

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: P

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20201222

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20220311

RAP3 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: ROCKWOOL A/S

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20230223

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AC Divisional application: reference to earlier application

Ref document number: 2898148

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: P

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602013084404

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: T3

Effective date: 20230901

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: FP

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20230826

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20230828

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20230901

Year of fee payment: 11

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG9D

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20230825

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: DK

Payment date: 20230829

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20230829

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20230828

Year of fee payment: 11

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2956872

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

Effective date: 20231229

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 1594875

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20230802

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20231103

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20231202

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230802

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230802

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20231204

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20231102

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230802

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230802

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20231202

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230802

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20231103

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230802

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230802

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20231023

Year of fee payment: 11

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230802

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230823

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230802

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230802

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230823

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230802

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230802

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230831

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230802

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A