EP3670515A1 - Composés de pyrimido-diazépinone et procédés de traitement de troubles - Google Patents

Composés de pyrimido-diazépinone et procédés de traitement de troubles Download PDF

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EP3670515A1
EP3670515A1 EP20155968.9A EP20155968A EP3670515A1 EP 3670515 A1 EP3670515 A1 EP 3670515A1 EP 20155968 A EP20155968 A EP 20155968A EP 3670515 A1 EP3670515 A1 EP 3670515A1
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nhc
alkenyl
alkyl
compound
aryl
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EP3670515B1 (fr
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Nathanael S. Gray
David Waller
Hwan Guen Choi
Jinhua Wang
Xianming Deng
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Dana Farber Cancer Institute Inc
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Dana Farber Cancer Institute Inc
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel pyrimido-diazepinone compounds which are able to modulate protein kinases, including MPS1 (TTK), ERK5 (BMK1, MAPK7), polo kinase 1,2,3, or 4, Ackl, Ack2, Abl, DCAMKL1, ABL1, Abl mutants, DCAMKL2, ARK5, BRK, MKNK2, FGFR4, TNK1, PLK1, ULK2, PLK4, PRKD1, PRKD2, PRKD3, ROS1, RPS6KA6, TAOK1, TAOK3, TNK2, Bcr-Abl, GAK, cSrc, TPR-Met, Tie2, MET, FGFR3, Aurora, Axl, Bmx, BTK, c-kit, CHK2, Flt3, MST2, p70S6K, PDGFR, PKB, PKC, Raf, ROCK-H, Rsk1, SGK, TrkA, TrkB and TrkC,
  • Protein kinases represent a large family of proteins, which play a central role in the regulation of a wide variety of cellular processes and maintaining control over cellular function. Protein kinases constitute a large family of structurally related enzymes that are responsible for the control of a variety of signal transduction processes within the cell (see Hardie, G and Hanks, S. The Protein Kinase Facts Book, I and II, Academic Press, San Diego, CA: 1995 ) . Protein kinases are thought to have evolved from a common ancestral gene due to the conservation of their structure and catalytic function. Almost all kinases contain a similar 250-300 amino acid catalytic domain. The kinases may be categorized into families by the substrates they phosphorylate (e.g., protein-tyrosine, protein-serine/ threonine, lipids etc).
  • phosphorylate e.g., protein-tyrosine, protein-serine/ threonine, lipids etc.
  • protein kinases mediate intracellular signaling by catalyzing a phosphoryl transfer from a nucleoside triphosphate to a protein acceptor that is involved in a signaling pathway. These phosphorylation events act as molecular on/off switches that can modulate or regulate the target protein biological function. These phosphorylation events are ultimately triggered in response to a variety of extracellular and other stimuli.
  • Examples of such stimuli include environmental and chemical stress signals (e.g., shock, heat shock, ultraviolet radiation, bacterial endotoxin, and H2O2), cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1 (IL-I) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), and growth factors (e.g., granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)).
  • IL-I interleukin-1
  • TNF-a tumor necrosis factor alpha
  • growth factors e.g., granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
  • An extracellular stimulus may affect one or more cellular responses related to cell growth, migration, differentiation, secretion of hormones, activation of transcription factors, muscle contraction, glucose metabolism, control of protein synthesis, survival and regulation of the cell cycle.
  • a partial, non-limiting, list of these kinases include: receptor tyrosine kinases such as platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinase (PDGF-R), the nerve growth factor receptor, Trk-A, -B and -C, and the fibroblast growth factor receptor, FGFR3; non-receptor tyrosine kinases such Abl and the fusion kinase BCR-Abl, Lck, Csk, Fes, BTK, Bmx and c-src; and serine/threonine kinases such as Aurora, c-RAF, SGK, MAP kinases (e.g., MKK4, MKK6, etc.) and SAPK2 ⁇ and SAPK2 ⁇ .
  • Aberrant kinase activity has been observed in many disease states including benign and malignant proliferative disorders as well as diseases resulting from inappropriate activation of the immune and nervous systems.
  • novel compounds of this invention inhibit the activity of one or more protein kinases and are, therefore, expected to be useful in the treatment of kinase-associated diseases.
  • the invention provides a compound of formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • the invention provides a compound of formula II: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • E is NR 2 .
  • R 2 is H or -CH 3 .
  • the invention provides a compound of formula III: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • the invention provides a compound of formula IV: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • the invention provides a compound of formula V: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • the invention provides a compound of Formula VI: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • the invention provides a compound of Formula VII: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • the invention provides a compound of Formula VIII: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • the invention provides a compound of Formula IX: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • the invention provides a method of treating a disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject a compound, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug of formulae I-IX (or formulae A or F).
  • the invention provides a method of treating a kinase-mediated disorder in a subject comprising: administering to the subject identified as in need thereof a compound, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug of formulae I-IX (or formulae A or F).
  • the invention provides a method for reducing kinase-dependent cell growth comprising contacting a cell with a kinase inhibitor compound of formulae I-IX (or formulae A or F).
  • the invention provides a method of inhibiting a kinase in a cell or in a subject identified as in need of such treatment, comprising administering a compound of formulae I-IX (or formulae A or F).
  • the invention provides a kit comprising a compound capable of inhibiting kinase activity selected from one or more compounds of formulae I-IX (or formulae A or F), and instructions for use in treating cancer.
  • the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formulae I-IX (or formulae A or F), or a pharmaceutically acceptable ester, salt, or prodrug thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the invention provides a method of synthesizing a compound of formulae I-IX (or formulae A or F).
  • alkyl refers to saturated, straight- or branched-chain hydrocarbon radicals containing, in certain embodiments, between one and six, or one and eight carbon atoms, respectively.
  • Examples of C 1 -C 6 alkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n -butyl, tert -butyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl radicals; and examples of C 1 -C 8 alkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n -butyl, tert -butyl, neopentyl, n -hexyl, heptyl, octyl radicals.
  • alkenyl denotes a monovalent group derived from a hydrocarbon moiety containing, in certain embodiments, from two to six, or two to eight carbon atoms having at least one carbon-carbon double bond. The double bond may or may not be the point of attachment to another group.
  • Alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, 1-methyl-2-buten-1-yl, heptenyl, octenyl and the like.
  • alkynyl denotes a monovalent group derived from a hydrocarbon moiety containing, in certain embodiments, from two to six, or two to eight carbon atoms having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
  • the alkynyl group may or may not be the point of attachment to another group.
  • Representative alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, for example, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 1-butynyl, heptynyl, octynyl and the like.
  • alkoxy refers to an -O-alkyl radical.
  • aryl refers to a mono- or poly-cyclic carbocyclic ring system having one or more aromatic rings, fused or non-fused, including, but not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl, idenyl and the like.
  • aralkyl refers to an alkyl residue attached to an aryl ring. Examples include, but are not limited to, benzyl, phenethyl and the like.
  • cycloalkyl denotes a monovalent group derived from a monocyclic or polycyclic saturated or partially unsatured carbocyclic ring compound.
  • Examples of C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl include, but not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl and cyclooctyl; and examples of C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl include, but not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptyl, and bicyclo [2.2.2] octyl.
  • a monovalent group derived from a monocyclic or polycyclic carbocyclic ring compound having at least one carbon-carbon double bond by the removal of a single hydrogen atom examples include, but are not limited to, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctenyl, and the like.
  • heteroaryl refers to a mono- or poly-cyclic (e.g., bi-, or tri-cyclic or more) fused or non-fused, radical or ring system having at least one aromatic ring, having from five to ten ring atoms of which one ring atoms is selected from S, O and N; zero, one or two ring atoms are additional heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N; and the remaining ring atoms are carbon.
  • mono- or poly-cyclic e.g., bi-, or tri-cyclic or more fused or non-fused, radical or ring system having at least one aromatic ring, having from five to ten ring atoms of which one ring atoms is selected from S, O and N; zero, one or two ring atoms are additional heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N; and the remaining ring atoms are carbon.
  • Heteroaryl includes, but is not limited to, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isooxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzooxazolyl, quinoxalinyl, and the like.
  • heteroarylkyl refers to an alkyl residue residue attached to a heteroaryl ring. Examples include, but are not limited to, pyridinylmethyl, pyrimidinylethyl and the like.
  • heterocycloalkyl refers to a non-aromatic 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring or a bi- or tri-cyclic group fused of non-fused system, where (i) each ring contains between one and three heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, (ii) each 5-membered ring has 0 to 1 double bonds and each 6-membered ring has 0 to 2 double bonds, (iii) the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized, (iv) the nitrogen heteroatom may optionally be quaternized, and (iv) any of the above rings may be fused to a benzene ring.
  • heterocycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, [1,3]dioxolane, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, and tetrahydrofuryl.
  • alkylamino refers to a group having the structure --NH(C 1 -C 12 alkyl) where C 1 -C 12 alkyl is as previously defined.
  • acyl includes residues derived from acids, including but not limited to carboxylic acids, carbamic acids, carbonic acids, sulfonic acids, and phosphorous acids. Examples include aliphatic carbonyls, aromatic carbonyls, aliphatic sulfonyls, aromatic sulfinyls, aliphatic sulfinyls, aromatic phosphates and aliphatic phosphates. Examples of aliphatic carbonyls include, but are not limited to, acetyl, propionyl, 2-fluoroacetyl, butyryl, 2-hydroxy acetyl, and the like.
  • any of the aryls, substituted aryls, heteroaryls and substituted heteroaryls described herein, can be any aromatic group.
  • Aromatic groups can be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • halo and halogen, as used herein, refer to an atom selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • compounds of the invention may optionally be substituted with one or more substituents, such as are illustrated generally above, or as exemplified by particular classes, subclasses, and species of the invention. It will be appreciated that the phrase “optionally substituted” is used interchangeably with the phrase “substituted or unsubstituted. " In general, the term “substituted”, whether preceded by the term “optionally” or not, refers to the replacement of hydrogen radicals in a given structure with the radical of a specified substituent.
  • an optionally substituted group may have a substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at every position.
  • optionally substituted refers to groups that are substituted or unsubstituted by independent replacement of one, two, or three or more of the hydrogen atoms thereon with substituents including, but not limited to:
  • aryls, heteroaryls, alkyls, and the like can be further substituted.
  • cancer includes, but is not limited to, the following cancers: epidermoid Oral: buccal cavity, lip, tongue, mouth, pharynx; Cardiac : sarcoma (angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma), myxoma, rhabdomyoma, fibroma, lipoma and teratoma; Lung: bronchogenic carcinoma (squamous cell or epidermoid, undifferentiated small cell, undifferentiated large cell, adenocarcinoma), alveolar (bronchiolar) carcinoma, bronchial adenoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, chondromatous hamartoma, mesothelioma; Gastrointestinal : esophagus (squamous cell carcinoma, larynx, adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, lympho
  • Kinase Panel is a list of kinases comprising MPS1 (TTK), ERK5 (BMK1, MAPK7), polo kinase 1,2,3, or 4, Ackl, Ack2, Abl, DCAMKL1, ABL1, Abl mutants, DCAMKL2, ARK5, BRK, MKNK2, FGFR4, TNK1, PLK1, ULK2, PLK4, PRKD1, PRKD2, PRKD3, ROS1, RPS6KA6, TAOK1, TAOK3, TNK2, Bcr-Abl, GAK, cSrc, TPR-Met, Tie2, MET, FGFR3, Aurora, Axl, Bmx, BTK, c-kit, CHK2, Flt3, MST2, p70S6K, PDGFR, PKB, PKC, Raf, ROCK-H, Rsk1, SGK, TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, AAK1, ABL1, ABL1(E255K),
  • kinase panel wild type and/or mutation thereof
  • the kinase is selected from ERK5, LRRK2, or EphA2.
  • Mutant forms of a kinase means single or multiple amino acid changes from the wild-type sequence.
  • subject refers to a mammal.
  • a subject therefore refers to, for example, dogs, cats, horses, cows, pigs, guinea pigs, and the like.
  • the subject is a human.
  • the subject may be referred to herein as a patient.
  • Treat refers to a method of alleviating or abating a disease and/or its attendant symptoms.
  • the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to those salts of the compounds formed by the process of the present invention which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, S. M. Berge, et al. describes pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66: 1-19 (1977 ).
  • the salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds of the invention, or separately by reacting the free base function with a suitable organic acid.
  • nontoxic acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion exchange.
  • salts include, but are not limited to, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionale, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamo
  • alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like.
  • Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, sulfonate and aryl sulfonate.
  • ester refers to esters of the compounds formed by the process of the present invention which hydrolyze in vivo and include those that break down readily in the human body to leave the parent compound or a salt thereof.
  • Suitable ester groups include, for example, those derived from pharmaceutically acceptable aliphatic carboxylic acids, particularly alkanoic, alkenoic, cycloalkanoic and alkanedioic acids, in which each alkyl or alkenyl moiety advantageously has not more than 6 carbon atoms.
  • esters include, but are not limited to, formates, acetates, propionates, butyrates, acrylates and ethylsuccinates.
  • prodrugs refers to those prodrugs of the compounds formed by the process of the present invention which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals with undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and effective for their intended use, as well as the zwitterionic forms, where possible, of the compounds of the present invention.
  • Prodrug as used herein means a compound which is convertible in vivo by metabolic means (e.g. by hydrolysis) to afford any compound delineated by the formulae of the instant invention.
  • prodrugs are known in the art, for example, as discussed in Bundgaard, (ed.), Design of Prodrugs, Elsevier (1985 ); Widder, et al. (ed.), Methods in Enzymology, vol. 4, Academic Press (1985 ); Krogsgaard-Larsen, et al., (ed). "Design and Application of Prodrugs, Textbook of Drug Design and Development, Chapter 5,113-191 (1991 ); Bundgaard, et al., Journal of Drug Deliver Reviews, 8:1-38(1992 ); Bundgaard, J. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 77:285 et seq.
  • This invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions containing, and methods of treating disorders through administering, pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of compounds of the invention.
  • compounds of the invention having free amino, amido, hydroxy or carboxylic groups can be converted into prodrugs.
  • Prodrugs include compounds wherein an amino acid residue, or a polypeptide chain of two or more (e.g., two, three or four) amino acid residues is covalently joined through an amide or ester bond to a free amino, hydroxy or carboxylic acid group of compounds of the invention.
  • the amino acid residues include but are not limited to the 20 naturally occurring amino acids commonly designated by three letter symbols and also includes 4-hydroxyproline, hydroxyysine, demosine, isodemosine, 3-methylhistidine, norvalin, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, citrulline, homocysteine, homoserine, ornithine and methionine sulfone. Additional types of prodrugs are also encompassed. For instance, free carboxyl groups can be derivatized as amides or alkyl esters.
  • Free hydroxy groups may be derivatized using groups including but not limited to hemisuccinates, phosphate esters, dimethylaminoacetates, and phosphoryloxymethyloxy carbonyls, as outlined in Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 1996, 19, 1 15 .
  • Carbamate prodrugs of hydroxy and amino groups are also included, as are carbonate prodrugs, sulfonate esters and sulfate esters of hydroxy groups.
  • stable refers to compounds which possess stability sufficient to allow manufacture and which maintains the integrity of the compound for a sufficient period of time to be useful for the purposes detailed herein (e.g., therapeutic or prophylactic administration to a subject).
  • the invention provides a compound of formulae I-IX (or formulae A or F).
  • the invention provides a compound of formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • R 1 is phenyl or pyridyl, each of which may be optionally substituted.
  • R 1 is substituted with 0-4 substituents, selected from N(R A )(R A ), C(O)NH(R A ), alkoxy, and heterocyclic, each of which may be further substituted; wherein each R A is independently selected from alkyl, and heterocyclic.
  • R 1 is substituted with 0-4 substituents, selected from alkoxy,
  • R 2 is H, methyl, or ethyl.
  • R 6 is H.
  • X is H.
  • R' is H.
  • L is absent.
  • A is a single bond.
  • the invention provides a compound of formula II: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • R 1 is phenyl or pyridyl, each of which may be optionally substituted.
  • R 1 is substituted with 0-4 substituents, selected from N(R A )(R A ), C(O)NH(R A ), alkoxy, and heterocyclic, each of which may be further substituted; wherein each R A is independently selected from alkyl, and heterocyclic.
  • R 1 is substituted with 0-4 substituents, selected from alkoxy,
  • E is NR 2 .
  • R 2 is H, methyl, or ethyl. In certain embodiments, each R 2 is H, methyl, optionally substituted benzyl, cyclopentyl, or pyranyl. In certain embodiments, if E is NR 2 , then one R 2 is H or methyl, and the other R 2 is H, methyl, optionally substituted benzyl, cyclopentyl, or pyranyl. In certain embodiments, the optionally substituted benzyl is 2-chlorobenzyl, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl, 2-chloro,4-fluorobenzyl, or 2-methylbenzyl.
  • R 6 is H.
  • X is H.
  • R' is H.
  • L is absent.
  • the invention provides a compound of formula III: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • R 1 is phenyl or pyridyl, each of which may be optionally substituted.
  • R 1 is substituted with 0-4 substituents, selected from N(R A )(R A ), C(O)NH(R A ), alkoxy, and heterocyclic, each of which may be further substituted; wherein each R A is independently selected from alkyl, and heterocyclic.
  • R 1 is substituted with 0-4 substituents, selected from alkoxy,
  • R 2 is H, methyl, or ethyl.
  • R 6 is H.
  • X is H.
  • R' is H.
  • L is absent.
  • the invention provides a compound of formula IV: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • R 1 is phenyl or pyridyl, each of which may be optionally substituted.
  • R 1 is substituted with 0-4 substituents, selected from N(R A )(R A ), C(O)NH(R A ), alkoxy, and heterocyclic, each of which may be further substituted; wherein each R A is independently selected from alkyl, and heterocyclic.
  • R 1 is substituted with 0-4 substituents, selected from alkoxy,
  • R 2 is H, methyl, or ethyl.
  • R 6 is H.
  • X is H.
  • R' is H.
  • L is absent.
  • the invention provides a compound of formula V: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • R 2 is II, methyl, or ethyl.
  • R 3 is -OCH 3 or -OCH 2 CH 3 .
  • X is H.
  • R' is H.
  • R 4 is methyl or ethyl.
  • the invention provides a compound of Formula VI: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • the invention provides a compound of Formula VII: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • the invention provides a compound of Formula VIII: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • the invention provides a compound of Formula IX: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • the invention provides a compound of formula A: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • the invention provides a compound of formula F: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug thereof, wherein,
  • R 1 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidino, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridizinyl, quinolinyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl, isoquinolinyl, imiazolyl, or triazolyl, each of which may be optionally substituted.
  • R 1 is phenyl or pyridyl, each of which may be optionally substituted. In a further embodiment, R 1 is pyrazolyl. In certain embodiments, R 1 is
  • R 1 is substituted with 0-4 substituents, selected from hal, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, NH(RA), N(R A )(RA), CO 2 H, C(O)RA, C(O)ORA, C(O)NH 2 , C(O)NH(R A ), C(O)N(RA)(RA),alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and carbocyclic, each of which may be further substituted; wherein each RA is independently selected from alkyl, carbocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclic.
  • two occurrences of R 7 are joined to form a phenyl ring.
  • the compound is : or
  • Representative compounds of the invention include, but are not limited to, the following compounds of Tables 1-6, which follow the Examples.
  • Another embodiment is a method of making a compound of any of the formulae herein using any one, or combination of, reactions delineated herein.
  • the method can include the use of one or more intermediates or chemical reagents delineated herein.
  • Another aspect is an isotopically labeled compound of any of the formulae delineated herein.
  • Such compounds have one or more isotope atoms which may or may not be radioactive (e.g., 3 H, 2 H, 14 C, 13 C, 35 S, 32 P, 125 I, and 131 I) introduced into the compound.
  • isotope atoms which may or may not be radioactive (e.g., 3 H, 2 H, 14 C, 13 C, 35 S, 32 P, 125 I, and 131 I) introduced into the compound.
  • radioactive e.g., 3 H, 2 H, 14 C, 13 C, 35 S, 32 P, 125 I, and 131 I
  • a compound of the invention can be prepared as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt by reacting the free base form of the compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt of a compound of the invention can be prepared by reacting the free acid form of the compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic base.
  • salt forms of the compounds of the invention can be prepared using salts of the starting materials or intermediates.
  • the free acid or free base forms of the compounds of the invention can be prepared from the corresponding base addition salt or acid addition salt from, respectively.
  • a compound of the invention in an acid addition salt form can be converted to the corresponding free base by treating with a suitable base (e.g., ammonium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide, and the like).
  • a suitable base e.g., ammonium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide, and the like.
  • a compound of the invention in a base addition salt form can be converted to the corresponding free acid by treating with a suitable acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid, etc.).
  • Prodrug derivatives of the compounds of the invention can be prepared by methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art (e.g., for further details see Saulnier et al., (1994), Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Vol. 4, p. 1985 ).
  • appropriate prodrugs can be prepared by reacting a non-derivatized compound of the invention with a suitable carbamylating agent (e.g., 1,1-acyloxyalkylcarbanochloridate, para-nitrophenyl carbonate, or the like).
  • Protected derivatives of the compounds of the invention can be made by means known to those of ordinary skill in the art. A detailed description of techniques applicable to the creation of protecting groups and their removal can be found in T. W. Greene, "Protecting Groups in Organic Chemistry", 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1999 .
  • Hydrates of compounds of the present invention can be conveniently prepared, or formed during the process of the invention, as solvates (e.g., hydrates). Hydrates of compounds of the present invention can be conveniently prepared by recrystallization from an aqueous/organic solvent mixture, using organic solvents such as dioxin, tetrahydrofuran or methanol.
  • Acids and bases useful in the methods herein are known in the art.
  • Acid catalysts are any acidic chemical, which can be inorganic (e.g., hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric acids, aluminum trichloride) or organic (e.g., camphorsulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, acetic acid, ytterbium triflate) in nature. Acids are useful in either catalytic or stoichiometric amounts to facilitate chemical reactions.
  • Bases are any basic chemical, which can be inorganic (e.g., sodium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxide) or organic (e.g., triethylamine, pyridine) in nature. Bases are useful in either catalytic or stoichiometric amounts to facilitate chemical reactions.
  • some of the compounds of this invention have one or more double bonds, or one or more asymmetric centers.
  • Such compounds can occur as racemates, racemic mixtures, single enantiomers, individual diastereomers, diastereomeric mixtures, and cis- or trans- or E- or Z- double isomeric forms, and other stereoisomeric forms that may be defined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R)- or (S)- , or as (D)- or (L)- for amino acids. All such isomeric forms of these compounds are expressly included in the present invention.
  • Optical isomers may be prepared from their respective optically active precursors by the procedures described above, or by resolving the racemic mixtures.
  • the resolution can be carried out in the presence of a resolving agent, by chromatography or by repeated crystallization or by some combination of these techniques which are known to those skilled in the art. Further details regarding resolutions can be found in Jacques, et al., Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions (John Wiley & Sons, 1981 ).
  • the compounds of this invention may also be represented in multiple tautomeric forms, in such instances, the invention expressly includes all tautomeric forms of the compounds described herein (e.g., alkylation of a ring system may result in alkylation at multiple sites, the invention expressly includes all such reaction products).
  • the synthesized compounds can be separated from a reaction mixture and further purified by a method such as column chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography, or recrystallization.
  • a method such as column chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography, or recrystallization.
  • further methods of synthesizing the compounds of the formulae herein will be evident to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the various synthetic steps may be performed in an alternate sequence or order to give the desired compounds.
  • the solvents, temperatures, reaction durations, etc. delineated herein are for purposes of illustration only and one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that variation of the reaction conditions can produce the desired bridged macrocyclic products of the present invention.
  • Synthetic chemistry transformations and protecting group methodologies useful in synthesizing the compounds described herein are known in the art and include, for example, those such as described in R. Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers (1989 ); T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2d. Ed., John Wiley and Sons (1991 ); L. Fieser and M. Fieser, Fieser and Fieser's Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1994 ); and L. Paquette, ed., Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1995 ), and subsequent editions thereof.
  • the compounds of this invention may be modified by appending various functionalities via any synthetic means delineated herein to enhance selective biological properties.
  • modifications are known in the art and include those which increase biological penetration into a given biological system (e.g., blood, lymphatic system, central nervous system), increase oral availability, increase solubility to allow administration by injection, alter metabolism and alter rate of excretion.
  • the compounds of the invention are defined herein by their chemical structures and/or chemical names. Where a compound is referred to by both a chemical structure and a chemical name, and the chemical structure and chemical name conflict, the chemical structure is determinative of the compound's identity.
  • the invention provides a method of treating a disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject a compound, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug of formulae I-IX (or formulae A or F).
  • the invention provides a method wherein the disease is mediated by a kinase selected from a MAP kinase, a mitotic spindle kinase, and a polo kinase.
  • a kinase selected from a MAP kinase, a mitotic spindle kinase, and a polo kinase.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the disease is mediated by a kinase selected from MPS1, ERK5, BMK1, MAPK7, polo kinase 1,2,3, or 4, Ackl, Ack2, Abl, DCAMKL1, ABL1, Abl mutants, DCAMKL2, ARK5, BRK, MKNK2, FGFR4, TNK1, PLK1, ULK2, PLK4, PRKD1, PRKD2, PRKD3, ROS1, RPS6KA6, TAOK1, TAOK3, TNK2, Bcr-Abl, GAK, cSrc, TPR-Met, Tie2, MET, FGFR3, Aurora, Axl, Bmx, BTK, c-kit, CHK2, Flt3, MST2, p70S6K, PDGFR, PKB, PKC, Raf, ROCK-H, Rsk1, SGK, TrkA, TrkB and TrkC.
  • the kinase selected from MPS1, ER
  • the invention provides a method wherein the disease is cancer or a proliferation disease.
  • the disease is lung, colon, breast, prostate, liver, pancreas, brain, kidney, ovaries, stomach, skin, and bone cancers, gastric, breast, pancreatic cancer, glioma, and hepatocellular carcinoma, papillary renal carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, leukemias, lymphomas, myelomas, and solid tumors.
  • the disease is inflammation, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, spondylarthropathies, gouty arthritis, osteoarthritis, juvenile arthritis, and other arthritic conditions, systemic lupus erthematosus (SLE), skin-related conditions, psoriasis, eczema, burns, dermatitis, neuroinflammation, allergy, pain, neuropathic pain, fever, pulmonary disorders, lung inflammation, adult respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary sarcoisosis, asthma, silicosis, chronic pulmonary inflammatory disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction (including post-myocardial infarction indications), thrombosis, congestive heart failure, cardiac reperfusion injury, as well as complications associated with hypertension and/or heart failure such as vascular organ damage, restenosis, cardiomyopathy, stroke including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke
  • neoplasia epithelial call-derived neoplasia (epithelial carcinoma), basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, gastrointestinal cancer, lip cancer, mouth cancer, esophageal cancer, small bowel cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, pancreas cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, skin cancer, squamus cell and/or basal cell cancers, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and other known cancers that affect epithelial cells throughout the body, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), angiogenesis including neoplasia, metastasis, central nervous system disorders, central nervous system disorders having an inflammatory or apop
  • the disease is inflammation, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, spondylarthropathies, gouty arthritis, osteoarthritis, juvenile arthritis, and other arthritic conditions, systemic lupus erthematosus (SLE), skin-related conditions, psoriasis, eczema, dermatitis, pain, pulmonary disorders, lung inflammation, adult respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary sarcoisosis, asthma, chronic pulmonary inflammatory disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction (including post-myocardial infarction indications), congestive heart failure, cardiac reperfusion injury, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome, leukemia, lymphoma.
  • SLE systemic lupus erthematosus
  • COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • cardiovascular disease arteriosclerosis, myo
  • the invention provides a method of treating a kinase mediated disorder in a subject comprising: administering to the subject identified as in need thereof a compound, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or prodrug of formulae I-IX (or formulae A or F).
  • the compound is an inhibitor of MPS1, ERK5, BMK1, MAPK7, polo kinase 1,2,3, or 4, Ackl, Ack2, Abl, DCAMKL1, ABL1, Abl mutants, DCAMKL2, ARK5, BRK, MKNK2, FGFR4, TNK1, PLK1, ULK2, PLK4, PRKD1, PRKD2, PRKD3, ROS1, RPS6KA6, TAOK1, TAOK3, TNK2, Bcr-Abl, GAK, cSrc, TPR-Met, Tie2, MET, FGFR3, Aurora, Axl, Bmx, BTK, c-kit, CHK2, Flt3, MST2, p70S6K, PDGFR, PKB, PKC, Raf, ROCK-H, Rsk1, SGK, TrkA, TrkB or TrkC.
  • the compound is an inhibitor of ERK-5, MPS1, or BMK-1.
  • the subject is administered an additional therapeutic agent.
  • the compound and the additional therapeutic agent are administered simultaneously or sequentially.
  • the invention provides a method for reducing kinase-dependent cell growth comprising contacting a cell with a kinase inhibitor compound of formulae I-IX (or formulae A or F).
  • the invention provides a method of inhibiting kinase in a subject identified as in need of such treatment, comprising administering a compound of formulae I-IX (or formulae A or F).
  • the invention provides a method wherein the subject is a human.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the kinase inhibitor has a Ki for inhibiting kinase less than about 1 micromolar.
  • the invention provides a method of synthesizing a compound of formulae I-IX (or formulae A or F).
  • compositions that are inhibitors of protein kinases, and thus are useful for the treatment of the diseases, disorders, and conditions, along with other uses described herein.
  • these compositions optionally further comprise one or more additional therapeutic agents.
  • the present invention provides compounds and compositions that are useful as inhibitors of protein kinases.
  • the invention provides compounds and compositions that are useful as inhibitors of protein kinases selected from AAK1, ABL1, ABL1(E255K), ABL1(F317I), ABL1(F317L), ABL1(H396P), ABL1(M351T), ABL1(Q252H), ABL1(T315I), ABL1(Y253F), ABL2, ACVR1, ACVR1B, ACVR2A, ACVR2B, ACVRL1, ADCK3, ADCK4, AKT1, AKT2, AKT3, ALK, AMPK-alpha1, AMPK-alpha2, ANKK1, ARK5, ASK1, ASK2, AURKA, AURKB, AURKC, AXL, BIKE, BLK, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPR2, BMX, BRAF, BRAF(V600E), BRK, BRSK1,
  • the present invention provides compounds and compositions that are useful as inhibitors of protein kinases selected from MPS1, ERK5, BMK1, MAPK7, polo kinase 1,2,3, or 4, Ackl, Ack2, Abl, DCAMKL1, ABL1, Abl mutants, DCAMKL2, ARK5, BRK, MKNK2, FGFR4, TNK1, PLK1, ULK2, PLK4, PRKD1, PRKD2, PRKD3, ROS1, RPS6KA6, TAOK1, TAOK3, TNK2, Bcr-Abl, GAK, cSrc, TPR-Met, Tie2, MET, FGFR3, Aurora, Axl, Bmx, BTK, c-kit, CHK2, Flt3, MST2, p70S6K, PDGFR, PKB, PKC, Raf, ROCK-H, Rskl, SGK, TrkA, TrkB and TrkC.
  • the kinas selected from MPS1, ERK
  • the compounds and compositions of this invention are particularly useful for treating or lessening the severity of a disease, condition, or disorder where a protein kinase is implicated in the disease, condition, or disorder.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating or lessening the severity of a disease, condition, or disorder where a protein kinase is implicated in the disease state.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating or lessening the severity of a kinase disease, condition, or disorder where inhibition of enzymatic activity is implicated in the treatment of the disease.
  • this invention provides a method for treating or lessening the severity of a disease, condition, or disorder with compounds that inhibit enzymatic activity by binding to the protein kinase.
  • Another aspect provides a method for treating or lessening the severity of a kinase disease, condition, or disorder by inhibiting enzymatic activity of the kinase with a protein kinase inhibitor.
  • said method is used to treat or prevent a condition selected from autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, proliferative and hyperproliferative diseases, immunologically-mediated diseases, bone diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, hormone related diseases, allergies, asthma, and Alzheimer's disease.
  • a condition selected from autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, proliferative and hyperproliferative diseases, immunologically-mediated diseases, bone diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, hormone related diseases, allergies, asthma, and Alzheimer's disease.
  • said condition is selected from a proliferative disorder and a neurodegenerative disorder.
  • One aspect of this invention provides compounds that are useful for the treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions characterized by excessive or abonormal cell proliferation.
  • diseases include, a proliferative or hyperproliferative disease, and a neurodegenerative disease.
  • proliferative and hyperproliferative diseases include, without limitation, cancer.
  • cancer includes, but is not limited to, the following cancers: breast; ovary; cervix; prostate; testis, genitourinary tract; esophagus; larynx, glioblastoma; neuroblastoma; stomach; skin, keratoacanthoma; lung, epidermoid carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma; bone; colon; colorectal; adenoma; pancreas, adenocarcinoma; thyroid, follicular carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, papillary carcinoma; seminoma; melanoma; sarcoma; bladder carcinoma; liver carcinoma and biliary passages; kidney carcinoma; myeloid disorders; lymphoid disorders, Hodgkin's, hairy cells; buccal cavity and pharynx (oral), lip, tongue, mouth, pharynx; small intestine; colon-rectum, large intestine, rectum, brain
  • cancer includes, but is not limited to, the following cancers: myeloma, lymphoma, or a cancer selected from gastric, renal, or and the following cancers: head and neck, oropharangeal , non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), endometrial, hepatocarcinoma, Non-Hodgkins lymphoma, and pulmonary.
  • NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer
  • the compounds of this invention are useful for treating cancer, such as colorectal, thyroid, breast, and lung cancer; and myeloproliferative disorders, such as polycythemia vera, thrombocythemia, myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, hypereosinophilic syndrome, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, and systemic mast cell disease.
  • cancer such as colorectal, thyroid, breast, and lung cancer
  • myeloproliferative disorders such as polycythemia vera, thrombocythemia, myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, hypereosinophilic syndrome, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, and systemic mast cell disease.
  • the compounds of this invention are useful for treating hematopoietic disorders, in particular, acute-myelogenous leukemia (AMLi), chronic-myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute-prornyelocytic leukemia, and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) .
  • AMLi acute-myelogenous leukemia
  • CML chronic-myelogenous leukemia
  • ALL acute lymphocytic leukemia
  • neurodegenerative diseases include, without limitation, Alzheimer's disease.
  • Another aspect of this invention provides a method for the treatment or lessening the severity of a disease selected from a proliferative or hyperproliterative disease, or a neurodegenerative disease, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound, to a subject in need thereof.
  • the present invention provides compounds, compositions and methods for the treatment of kinase related disease, particularly MPS1, ERK5, BMK1, MAPK7, polo kinase 1,2,3, or 4, Ackl, Ack2, Abl, DCAMKL1, ABL1, Abl mutants, DCAMKL2, ARK5, BRK, MKNK2, FGFR4, TNK1, PLK1, ULK2, PLK4, PRKD1, PRKD2, PRKD3, ROS1, RPS6KA6, TAOK1, TAOK3, TNK2, Bcr-Abl, GAK, cSrc, TPR-Met, Tie2, MET, FGFR3, Aurora, Axl, Bmx, BTK, c-kit, CHK2, Flt3, MST2, p70S6K, PDGFR, PKB, PKC, Raf, ROCK-H, Rskl, SGK, TrkA, TrkB and TrkC kinase related diseases.
  • kinases modulate the activity of kinases and, as such, are useful for treating diseases or disorders in which kinases, contribute to the pathology and/or symptomology of the disease.
  • kinases that are inhibited by the compounds and compositions described herein and against which the methods described herein are useful include, but are not limited to, MPS1, ERK5, BMK1, MAPK7, polo kinase 1,2,3, or 4, Ackl, Ack2, Abl, DCAMKL1, ABL1, Abl mutants, DCAMKL2, ARK5, BRK, MKNK2, FGFR4, TNK1, PLK1, ULK2, PLK4, PRKD1, PRKD2, PRKD3, ROS1, RPS6KA6, TAOK1, TAOK3, TNK2, Bcr-Abl, GAK, cSrc, TPR-Met, Tie2, MET, FGFR3, Aurora, Axl, Bmx, BTK, c-kit, CHK2, Flt
  • the compounds and compositions of this invention are also useful in biological samples.
  • One aspect of the invention relates to inhibiting protein kinase activity in a biological sample, which method comprises contacting said biological sample with a compound of the invention or a composition comprising said compound.
  • biological sample means an in vitro or an ex vivo sample, including, without limitation, cell cultures or extracts thereof; biopsied material obtained from a mammal or extracts thereof; and blood, saliva, urine, feces, semen, tears, or other body fluids or extracts thereof.
  • Inhibition of protein kinase activity in a biological sample is useful for a variety of purposes that are known to one of skill in the art. Examples of such purposes include, but are not limited to, blood transfusion, organ- transplantation, and biological specimen storage.
  • Another aspect of this invention relates to the study of protein kinases in biological and pathological phenomena; the study of intracellular signal transduction pathways mediated by such protein kinases; and the comparative evaluation of new protein kinase inhibitors.
  • uses include, but are not limited to, biological assays such as enzyme assays and cell-based assays .
  • the activity of the compounds as protein kinase inhibitors may be assayed in vitro, in vivo or in a cell line.
  • In vitro assays include assays that determine inhibition of either the kinase activity or ATPase activity of the activated kinase. Alternate in vitro assays quantitate the ability of the inhibitor to bind to the protein kinase and may be measured either by radiolabelling the inhibitor prior to binding, isolating the inhibitor/kinase complex and determining the amount of radiolabel bound, or by running a competition experiment where new inhibitors are incubated with the kinase bound to known radioligands.
  • Detailed conditions for assaying a compound utilized in this invention as an inhibitor of various kinases are set forth in the Examples below.
  • the present invention further provides a method for preventing or treating any of the diseases or disorders described above in a subject in need of such treatment, which method comprises administering to said subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for any of the above uses, the required dosage will vary depending on the mode of administration, the particular condition to be treated and the effect desired.
  • the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formulae I-IX (or formulae A or F), or a pharmaceutically acceptable ester, salt, or prodrug thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Compounds of the invention can be administered as pharmaceutical compositions by any conventional route, in particular enterally, e.g., orally, e.g., in the form of tablets or capsules, or parenterally, e.g., in the form of injectable solutions or suspensions, topically, e.g., in the form of lotions, gels, ointments or creams, or in a nasal or suppository form.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the present invention in free form or in a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form in association with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent can be manufactured in a conventional manner by mixing, granulating or coating methods.
  • oral compositions can be tablets or gelatin capsules comprising the active ingredient together with a) diluents, e.g., lactose, dextrose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, cellulose and/or glycine; b) lubricants, e.g., silica, talcum, stearic acid, its magnesium or calcium salt and/or polyethyleneglycol; for tablets also c) binders, e.g., magnesium aluminum silicate, starch paste, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and or polyvinylpyrrolidone; if desired d) disintegrants, e.g., starches, agar, alginic acid or its sodium salt, or effervescent mixtures; and/or e) absorbents, colorants, flavors and sweeteners.
  • diluents e.g., lactose, dextrose, sucrose,
  • compositions can be aqueous isotonic solutions or suspensions, and suppositories can be prepared from fatty emulsions or suspensions.
  • the compositions may be sterilized and/or contain adjuvants, such as preserving, stabilizing, wetting or emulsifying agents, solution promoters, salts for regulating the osmotic pressure and/or buffers. In addition, they may also contain other therapeutically valuable substances.
  • Suitable formulations for transdermal applications include an effective amount of a compound of the present invention with a carrier.
  • a carrier can include absorbable pharmacologically acceptable solvents to assist passage through the skin of the host.
  • transdermal devices are in the form of a bandage comprising a backing member, a reservoir containing the compound optionally with carriers, optionally a rate controlling barrier to deliver the compound to the skin of the host at a controlled and predetermined rate over a prolonged period of time, and means to secure the device to the skin.
  • Matrix transdermal formulations may also be used.
  • Suitable formulations for topical application, e.g., to the skin and eyes, are preferably aqueous solutions, ointments, creams or gels well-known in the art. Such may contain solubilizers, stabilizers, tonicity enhancing agents, buffers and preservatives.
  • Compounds of the invention can be administered in therapeutically effective amounts in combination with one or more therapeutic agents (pharmaceutical combinations).
  • therapeutic agents for example, synergistic effects can occur with other immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory substances, for example when used in combination with cyclosporin, rapamycin, or ascomycin, or immunosuppressant analogues thereof, for example cyclosporin A (CsA), cyclosporin G, FK-506, rapamycin, or comparable compounds, corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, methotrexate, brequinar, leflunomide, mizoribine, mycophenolic acid, mycophenolate mofetil, 15-deoxyspergualin, immunosuppressant antibodies, especially monoclonal antibodies for leukocyte receptors, for example MHC, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD7, CD25, CD28, B7, CD45, CD58 or their ligands, or other immunomodulatory compounds, such as CT
  • compositions of the present invention comprise a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention formulated together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carrier means a non-toxic, inert solid, semi-solid or liquid filler, diluent, encapsulating material or formulation auxiliary of any type.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention can be administered to humans and other animals orally, rectally, parenterally, intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as by powders, ointments, or drops), buccally, or as an oral or nasal spray.
  • Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs.
  • the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in the art such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (in particular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof.
  • the oral compositions can also include adjuvants such as wetting agents, e
  • sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions may be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution, suspension or emulsion in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
  • acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, U.S.P. and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
  • any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides.
  • fatty acids such as oleic acid are used in the preparation of injectables.
  • compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are preferably suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the compounds of this invention with suitable nonirritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.
  • suitable nonirritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.
  • compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like.
  • the active compounds can also be in micro-encapsulated form with one or more excipients as noted above.
  • the solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings, release controlling coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art.
  • the active compound may be admixed with at least one inert diluent such as sucrose, lactose or starch.
  • Such dosage forms may also comprise, as is normal practice, additional substances other than inert diluents, e.g., tableting lubricants and other tableting aids such a magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose.
  • the dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents.
  • Dosage forms for topical or transdermal administration of a compound of this invention include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants or patches.
  • the active component is admixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and any needed preservatives or buffers as may be required.
  • Ophthalmic formulation, ear drops, eye ointments, powders and solutions are also contemplated as being within the scope of this invention.
  • the ointments, pastes, creams and gels may contain, in addition to an active compound of this invention, excipients such as animal and vegetable fats, oils, waxes, paraffins, starch, tragacanth, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycols, silicones, bentonites, silicic acid, talc and zinc oxide, or mixtures thereof.
  • excipients such as animal and vegetable fats, oils, waxes, paraffins, starch, tragacanth, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycols, silicones, bentonites, silicic acid, talc and zinc oxide, or mixtures thereof.
  • Powders and sprays can contain, in addition to the compounds of this invention, excipients such as lactose, talc, silicic acid, aluminum hydroxide, calcium silicates and polyamide powder, or mixtures of these substances.
  • Sprays can additionally contain customary propellants such as chlorofluorohydrocarbons.
  • Transdermal patches have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of a compound to the body.
  • dosage forms can be made by dissolving or dispensing the compound in the proper medium.
  • Absorption enhancers can also be used to increase the flux of the compound across the skin.
  • the rate can be controlled by either providing a rate controlling membrane or by dispersing the compound in a polymer matrix or gel.
  • disorders are treated or prevented in a subject, such as a human or other animal, by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, in such amounts and for such time as is necessary to achieve the desired result.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention means a sufficient amount of the compound so as to decrease the symptoms of a disorder in a subject.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of this invention will be at a reasonable benefit/risk ratio applicable to any medical treatment.
  • compounds of the invention will be administered in therapeutically effective amounts via any of the usual and acceptable modes known in the art, either singly or in combination with one or more therapeutic agents.
  • a therapeutically effective amount may vary widely depending on the severity of the disease, the age and relative health of the subject, the potency of the compound used and other factors. In general, satisfactory results are indicated to be obtained systemically at daily dosages of from about 0.03 to 2.5 mg/kg per body weight.
  • An indicated daily dosage in the larger mammal, e.g. humans is in the range from about 0.5 mg to about 100 mg, conveniently administered, e.g. in divided doses up to four times a day or in retard form.
  • Suitable unit dosage forms for oral administration comprise from ca. 1 to 50 mg active ingredient.
  • a therapeutic amount or dose of the compounds of the present invention may range from about 0.1 mg/Kg to about 500 mg/Kg, alternatively from about 1 to about 50 mg/Kg.
  • treatment regimens according to the present invention comprise administration to a patient in need of such treatment from about 10 mg to about 1000 mg of the compound(s) of this invention per day in single or multiple doses.
  • Therapeutic amounts or doses will also vary depending on route of administration, as well as the possibility of co-usage with other agents.
  • a maintenance dose of a compound, composition or combination of this invention may be administered, if necessary. Subsequently, the dosage or frequency of administration, or both, may be reduced, as a function of the symptoms, to a level at which the improved condition is retained when the symptoms have been alleviated to the desired level, treatment should cease.
  • the subject may, however, require intermittent treatment on a long-term basis upon any recurrence of disease symptoms.
  • the total daily usage of the compounds and compositions of the present invention will be decided by the attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment.
  • the specific inhibitory dose for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder; the activity of the specific compound employed; the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient; the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the specific compound employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidental with the specific compound employed; and like factors well known in the medical arts.
  • the invention also provides for a pharmaceutical combinations, e.g. a kit, comprising a) a first agent which is a compound of the invention as disclosed herein, in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, and b) at least one co-agent.
  • a pharmaceutical combinations e.g. a kit, comprising a) a first agent which is a compound of the invention as disclosed herein, in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, and b) at least one co-agent.
  • the kit can comprise instructions for its administration.
  • co-administration or “combined administration” or the like as utilized herein are meant to encompass administration of the selected therapeutic agents to a single patient, and are intended to include treatment regimens in which the agents are not necessarily administered by the same route of administration or at the same time.
  • pharmaceutical combination means a product that results from the mixing or combining of more than one active ingredient and includes both fixed and non-fixed combinations of the active ingredients.
  • fixed combination means that the active ingredients, e.g. a compound of the invention and a co-agent, are both administered to a patient simultaneously in the form of a single entity or dosage.
  • non-fixed combination means that the active ingredients, e.g. a compound of the invention and a co-agent, are both administered to a patient as separate entities either simultaneously, concurrently or sequentially with no specific time limits, wherein such administration provides therapeutically effective levels of the two compounds in the body of the patient.
  • cocktail therapy e.g. the administration of three or more active ingredients.
  • compositions optionally further comprise one or more additional therapeutic agents.
  • chemotherapeutic agents or other antiproliferative agents may be combined with the compounds of this invention to treat proliferative diseases and cancer.
  • chemotherapeutic agents include, but are not limited to, GleevecTM, adriamycin, dexamethasone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, topotecan, taxol , interferons, and platinum derivatives.
  • agents the compounds of this invention may also be combined with include, without limitation: treatments for Alzheimer's Disease such as Ariceptl8 and Excelon(R); treatments for Parkinson's Disease such as L-DOPA/carbidopa, entacapone, ropinrole, pramipexole, bromocriptine, pergolide, trihexephendyl, and amantadine; agents for treating Multiple Sclerosis (MS) such as beta interferon (e.g., Avonex(R) and Rebif(R)), Copaxone(R), and mitoxantrone; treatments for asthma such as albuterol and Singulair(R); agents for treating schizophrenia such as zyprexa, risperdal, seroquel , and haloperidol; anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids, TNF blockers, IL-I RA, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and sulfasalazine; immunomodulatory and immunosup
  • materials which can serve as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, or potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, wool fat, sugars such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose and its derivatives such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc
  • the protein kinase inhibitors or pharmaceutical salts thereof may be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions for administration to animals or humans .
  • These pharmaceutical compositions which comprise an amount of the protein inhibitor effective to treat or prevent a protein kinase-mediated condition and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, are another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the invention provides a kit comprising a compound capable of inhibiting kinase activity selected from one or more compounds of formulae I-IX (or formulae A or F), and instructions for use in treating cancer.
  • Compound 25 was obtained via methylation of 13 of the lactam followed by palladium mediated amination of 14 with (4-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)(4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)methanone.
  • Methyl 3-amino-2-naphthoate To a solution of 3-amino-2-naphthoic acid (562 mg, 3.0 mmol, 1.0 eq) in methanol/toluene (1:4, 10 mL) was added 2.0 M of TMSCH 2 N 2 solution in hexane (1.8 mL, 3.6 mmol, 1.2 eq) at 0 °C. The reaction was stirred overnight at rt. Next day, the reaction was quenched with excess acetic acid until no bubbling was seen. The mixture was directly concentrated in vacuo.
  • Methyl 3-((2-chloro-6-methyl-5-nitropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-2-naphthoate A mixture of compound 1 (480 mg, 2.4 mmol, 1.0 eq), N,N -diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) (0.83 mL, 4.8 mmol, 2.0 eq) and 2,4-dichloro-6-methyl-5-nitropyrimidine (0.76 g, 3.6 mmol, 1.5 eq) in 2-propanol (43 mL) was stirred at rt overnight. The product crashed out of 2-propanol, and was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo.
  • DIEA N,N -diisopropylethylamine
  • 2,4-dichloro-6-methyl-5-nitropyrimidine 0.76 g, 3.6 mmol, 1.5 eq
  • the precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water and air dried to give the crude product.
  • the crude product was purified by silica-gel column chromatography with ethyl acetate and hexane (0% - 80% gradient, v/v) to give compound 4 (67 mg, 10%).
  • XMD18-42 and XMD17-51 were synthesized following similar strategies as shown in Scheme 8.
  • Hela or U2OS cells were plated at roughly 30-35% cell density. After 24 hours the medium* was removed and fresh medium supplemented with 2.5 mM thymidine was added to arrest cells at the G1/S transition. After 24 hours in thymidine block the medium was removed, the cells were washed 3X with PBS and replaced with medium supplemented with 330 nM nocodazole (Noc). The cells were incubated with nocodazole for 16-18 hours to produce a mitotic arrest. The medium was then removed carefully and replaced with medium supplemented with 330 nM nocodazole and test compound at the desired concentration (with the final concentration of DMSO below 0.2%).
  • the cells were harvested, lysed in RIPA buffer, and the levels of cyclin B or phosphorylated Histone 3 (Ser10) determined by western blotting. Alternatively, cells were treated on coverslips, fixed, and phosphorylated Histone 3 levels determined by immunofluorescence.
  • DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
  • penicillin/streptomycin 1% penicillin/streptomycin
  • Hela cells were plated at roughly 80% cell density on poly-lysine coated glass coverslips. After 24 hours the medium* was removed and fresh medium supplemented with test compounds was added. Twenty-four hours post-treatment the medium was removed, the coverslips were washed once with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4 and the cells fixed for 10 minutes at room temperature using the following fixative solution: 100 mM K-Pipes, pH 6.8, 10 mM EGTA, 1 mM MgCl 2 , 0.2% Triton X-100, 3% formaldehyde.
  • PBS phosphate-buffered saline
  • the coverslips were washed 3X with Tris-buffered saline solution (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl) containing 0.1% Triton X-100 (TBST).
  • the samples were blocked using 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in TBST.
  • BSA bovine serum albumin
  • the samples were then incubated with a phosphorylation-specific antibody against histone 3 (phospho H3) serine-10 (Upstate, 1:500-1:1000) in blocking solution. Cells can also optionally be stained for tubulin as well using appropriate antibodies. After a 2-hr. incubation at room temperature (or 4°C overnight), the samples were washed 3X with TBST.
  • the samples were then incubated with an appropriate secondary antibody in blocking solution for 1-2 hrs at room temperature (or 4°C overnight).
  • the samples were washed 3X with TBST and then incubated with Hoechst 33342 stain (Invitrogen, 1:1000-1:2000) in TBST for 15 minutes at room temperature.
  • the samples were washed 3X with TBST and mounted onto glass slides using Prolong Gold Antifade Reagent (Invitrogen).
  • DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
  • Example 11 In vitro Mps1 Kinase Assay - Invitrogen Mps1 (TTK) LanthaScreen Activity Assay:
  • Kinase reactions were carried out at room temperature with the following components: 1X kinase reaction buffer, 5 ⁇ g/mL (40 nM) Mps1 kinase, 200 nM AF-647 E4Y substrate, and 1 ⁇ M ATP (K m,app ⁇ 1 ⁇ M). After one hour a preparation of EDTA (20 mM) and Eu-PY20 Tb-labeled antibody (4 nM) in TR-FRET dilution buffer was added. The final concentration of EDTA and Eu-PY20 in the reaction mixture is 10 mM and 2 nM respectively. The reaction mixture was incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes before being read on a plate reader configured for LanthaScreenTM TR-FRET. Kinase reactions were run over several concentrations of inhibitor to obtain dose-dependent curves.
  • the linkage ( R 6 ) of indoline-7-carboxylic group exhibited improved LRRK2 selectivity exemplifying by compound 24 ( Figure 1 , highlighted in blue).
  • the introduction of amide functional group at the 4-position of 2-anilino moiety is favorable for both ERK5 and LRRK2.
  • the substituent at the ortho-position of 2-anilino moiety ( R 5 ) and the linkage group ( X ) are key structural features to separate the SAR of the benzo[e]pyrimido-[5,4-b]diazepine-6(11H)-ones for ERK5 and LRRK2 ( Figure 3 ).
  • pyrimidine derivatives (4-((5-chloro-4-(methylamino)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-3-methoxyphenyl)(morpholino)methanone (HG-10-102-01) and 2-arylmethyloxy-5-subtitutent-N-arylbenzamide (GSK2578215A) have been reported that are potent LRRK2 inhibitors and that do not inhibit ERK5.
  • compound 26 didn't show inhibitory effects on endogenous LRRK2 (compare Figure 2b to Figure 3b ).
  • compound 24 is as potent LRRK2 inhibitor as LRRK2-IN-1 and worked both in vitro and in cells and with improved selectivity towards LRRK2.
  • Compound 26 is a ERK5 specific inhibitor, which has at least 30-fold cellular selectivity for ERK5 relative to LRRK2 and should not inhibit LRRK2 when used at 1 ⁇ M concentrations.
  • Compound 24 exhibited the same KINOME scan selectivity score of S 10 of 0.036 (16/442) as that of our previous LRRK2 inhibitor (LRRK2-IN-1), while being more selective for LRRK2 over ERK5.
  • Compounds 25 and 26 were also profiled against selected panels of kinases in HeLa and PC3 cell lysates using a chemical proteomics approach, KiNativ. These results revealed that only ERK5 (ERK5) was inhibited with higher than 90% activity at a concentration of 10 ⁇ M for both 25 and 26, which further confirmed their highly selective profiles.
  • the SAR suggests that the phenyl ring of the 2-amino moiety has important interactions, as alternative substituents lost activity to LRRK2 and ERK5, and in the model this moiety would bind against the hinge region.
  • the decrease in LRRK2 affinity caused by N -substitution with increasing size up to cyclopentyl may be because the tricycling ring is forced into a less favourable contact with Ala2016 as the N -substituent makes contact with the glycine-rich loop at Leu1885.
  • the same contacts with Ala2016 and nearby residues would explain why substitution of the anthranilic acid may result in weaker binding.
  • the new chemo-type of benzo[e]pyrimido-[5,4-b]diaze pine-6(11H)-one represents a privileged scaffold for developing ERK5 and LRRK2 kinase inhibitors.
  • Compound 24 is as potent a LRRK2 inhibitor as LRRK2-IN-1, and worked both in vitro and in cells and with improved selectivity towards LRRK2.
  • Compound 26 represents the most selective and potent ERK5 inhibitor we have developed so far. Given the outstanding specificity and excellent cellular efficacy, 26 could serve as a versatile tool to further probe ERK5 biology.
  • the benzo[e]pyrimido-[5,4-b]diaze pine-6(11H)-ones with excellent selectivity, favorable pharmacokinetic parameters, and great efficacy in xenograft tumor models can serve as a privileged template to develop therapeutic agents targeting ERK5.
  • HeLa cells were serum starved overnight followed by treatment with inhibitors for one hour. Cells were then stimulated with EGF (20 ng/mL) for 17 min and harvested in RIPA buffer (1X PBS, 1% NP40, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, 0.1 mg/ml PMSF and ImM sodium orthovanadate). Proteins from total cell lysates were resolved by 6% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), transferred to nitrocellulose membrane, blocked in 5% nonfat milk, and blotted with anti-ERK5 antibody.
  • SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
  • PAGE poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis
  • pFastBAC vector encoding N-terminal hexahistidine-tagged human ERK5 and HA-tagged human MEK5-DD (constitutively active) were used to generate recombinant baculovirus using the Bac-to-Bac system (Invitrogen). Spodoptera frugiperda 21 cells (1.5 ⁇ 10 6 /ml) were infected at a multiplicity of infection of 6 with a mix of both baculovirus and harvested 72 h post-infection.
  • Pelleted cells were lysed in ice-cold lysis buffer (50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM EGTA, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 10 mM sodium ⁇ -glycerophosphate, 50 mM NaF, 5 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 0.27 M sucrose, 1 mM benzamidine, 2 mM phenylmethanesulphonylfluoride (PMSF) and 1% Triton X-100), lysed in one round of freeze/thawing, sonicated (4 x 20 s) and centrifuged at 25,000 g fro 30 min.
  • ice-cold lysis buffer 50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM EGTA, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 10 mM sodium ⁇ -glycerophosphate, 50 mM NaF, 5 m
  • His-tagged ERK5 was purified as described for His-tagged BRSK1, 37 using 5 ml Ni-NTA-agarose resin (Qiagen) followed by gel filtration chromatography on Superdex 200HR column on an AKTA system (GE Healthcare). Active ERK5 was purified with yields of ⁇ 5mglL of infected cells, and was greater than 90% homogeneous as judged by densitometric scanning of Coomassie Blue-stained SDS/PAGE gels.
  • ERK5 kinase activity in vitro assay.
  • Kinase activity was determined in an assay volume of 40 ⁇ l in kinase buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 0.1 mM EGTA, 1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol) containing 200 ng of pure active ERK5 and the indicated amount of inhibitor.
  • Reaction started by adding 10 mM magnesium acetate, and 50 ⁇ M [ ⁇ - 32 P]-ATP (500 cpm/pmol) and 250 ⁇ M PIMtide (ARKKRRHPSGPPTA) as substrates.
  • Assays were carried out for 20 min at 30°C, terminated by applying the reaction mixture onto p81 paper and the incorporated radioactivity measured as described previously.
  • Tissue-culture reagents were from Life Technologies. Protein G Sepharose was from Amersham. DNA constructs used for transfection were purified from Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ using Qiagen or Invitrogen plasmid Maxi kits according to the manufacturer's protocol. All DNA constructs were verified by DNA sequencing, which was performed by The Sequencing Service, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, U.K., using DYEnamic ET terminator chemistry (Amersham Biosciences) on Applied Biosystems automated DNA sequencers.
  • HEK293 was cultured in DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium) supplemented with 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum), 2 mM glutamine and 1 ⁇ penicillin/streptomycin solution. Lymphoblastoid cell lines were generated by EBV (Epstein-Barr virus) transformation of B lymphocytes using standard methods (European Collection of Cell Cultures).
  • Cell-line ANK is derived from a 47-year-old individual homozygous for the LRRK2[G2019S] mutation who presented with Parkinson's disease.
  • Cell-line AHE is derived from a 31-year-old individual, lacking mutation at the LRRK2 Gly 2019 residue, and presented with no disease.
  • Human lymphoblastoid cells were maintained in RPMI 1640 with 10% FBS, 2 mM glutamine, 1 ⁇ penicillin/streptomycin solution and were maintained at cell density of 0.3 ⁇ 10 6- 2 ⁇ 10 6 cells per ml.
  • Epstein-Barr virus immortalized primary human lymphoblastoid cells from one control subject and one Parkinson's disease patient homozygous for the LRRK2 [G2019S] mutation were kindly provided by Alastair Reith (GSK) and have been described previously.
  • GSK Alastair Reith
  • compounds were dissolved in DMSO and utilized at the indicated concentrations. The concentration of DMSO in the culture media did not exceed 1%.
  • lysis buffer 50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM EGTA, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 10 mM sodium ⁇ -glycerophosphate, 50 mM NaF, 5 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 0.27 M sucrose, 1 mM benzamidine, 2 mM phenylmethanesulphonylfluoride (PMSF) and 1% Triton X-100).
  • PMSF phenylmethanesulphonylfluoride
  • Protein concentrations were determined following centrifugation of the lysate at 16,000 x g at 4 °C for 20 minutes using the Bradford method with BSA as the standard.
  • Transient transfection of HEK 293 cells was performed using the polyethyleneimine (PEI) method.
  • the LRRK2 structure was minimized using the Protein Preparation Wizard by applying an OPLS force field.
  • the binding site was defined as the centroid of the ATP binding site.
  • Ligand docking into the active site of LRRK2 was carried out using the Schrödinger docking program, Glide. The best-docked poses were selected as the lowest Glide score.
  • the molecular graphics for the inhibitor binding pocket and refined docking models were generated using PyMol package (http://www.pymol.org).
  • EphA2 kinase assays were performed according to the methods described in Z'-LYTE® Screening Protocol and Assay Conditions at the Life Technologies website (available at http://www.invitrogen.com).
  • A375 cells were treated with EphrinA2 (100ng/mL) (R&D systems, Cat No. 7856-A2-050) for 15 minutes, and test compounds were added to cell culture for 60 minutes treatment. Standard western analysis was performed to monitor the EphA2 phosphorylation (Y594) (antibody from Cell Signaling Technology, Cat. No. 3970) status.

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