EP3667220A1 - Konversionsofen - Google Patents

Konversionsofen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3667220A1
EP3667220A1 EP18000953.2A EP18000953A EP3667220A1 EP 3667220 A1 EP3667220 A1 EP 3667220A1 EP 18000953 A EP18000953 A EP 18000953A EP 3667220 A1 EP3667220 A1 EP 3667220A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drum
space
covering
furnace
ore
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18000953.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Kalevi Salmela
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Iin Konepaja Ltd
Original Assignee
Iin Konepaja Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Iin Konepaja Ltd filed Critical Iin Konepaja Ltd
Priority to EP18000953.2A priority Critical patent/EP3667220A1/de
Publication of EP3667220A1 publication Critical patent/EP3667220A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/02—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/14—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge
    • F27B7/16—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge the means being fixed relatively to the drum, e.g. composite means
    • F27B7/161—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge the means being fixed relatively to the drum, e.g. composite means the means comprising projections jutting out from the wall
    • F27B7/162—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge the means being fixed relatively to the drum, e.g. composite means the means comprising projections jutting out from the wall the projections consisting of separate lifting elements, e.g. lifting shovels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/02—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type
    • F27B2007/027—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type with more than one drum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/02—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type
    • F27B7/04—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type with longitudinal divisions
    • F27B2007/043—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type with longitudinal divisions the partition being a cylinder, coaxial to the rotary drum, defining two chambers
    • F27B2007/045—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type with longitudinal divisions the partition being a cylinder, coaxial to the rotary drum, defining two chambers the charge going in one direction in one chamber, then after a turn coming back in the other direction in the other chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a furnace, by which a material to be processed is heated to bring about a desired chemical reaction.
  • the conversion furnace according to the invention suits particularly for processing of the litium ore.
  • the invention also relates to a method to heat a material to be processed for bringing about a desired chemical reaction.
  • Fig. 1 shows a known conversion furnace as a simplified drawing.
  • the conversion furnace 100 comprises a drum 110, heating equipment 131, 132 and filtering equipment 190.
  • the drum rests on four rollers 151 with bearings, in order to rotate it.
  • the inner surface of the drum is coated by a fire-resistant insulation layer 112.
  • the main part of the heating equipment is a burner 131, which is located at one end of the drum, right end in the figure. The burning of the fuel supplied to the burner takes place in the inner space of the drum.
  • the flue gas leaves the drum at its opposite end, left end in the figure, through the pipe 181.
  • the material to be processed, or the 'ore' is brought into the drum at its left end by a first conveyor screw 141.
  • the conversion process presumes that the ore is fine-grained.
  • this kind of ore is scattered by blowers 132 around the inner space of the drum.
  • the temperature will be distributed more evenly in the drum.
  • the drum rotation helps the scattering.
  • the desired reaction takes place in the ore, when its temperature is in a defined range a time long enough.
  • the drum 110 is oblique about a couple of degrees so that its right end is lower than the left end. Therefore, when the drum rotates, processed ore, or product PRD, accumulates to the drum's right end, from which it is let out of the drum and transferred into a container by a second conveyor screw 142. Another, in practice greater part of the processed ore leaves the drum among the flue gas to the pipe 181. This leads to the filtering equipment 190, in which product PRD is separated from the flue gas.
  • a drawback of the above-described solution is that requires a relatively complex and expensive filtering equipment for collecting the product.
  • Another drawback of that solution is that the process is diffucult to control. This is due to that the arriving ore is always some moist and that the whole amount of ore in the drum does not keep in the right temperature. The result are relatively high unit costs of the product.
  • the object of the invention is to implement a conversion furnace by a new way, which reduces the drawbacks of the prior art.
  • the conversion furnace according to the invention is characterized in what is set forth in the independent claim 1.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in what is set forth in the independent claim 13.
  • the basic idea of the invention is the following:
  • the ore to be processed in a high temperature is prewarmed before it will be supplied into the actual process space.
  • the drum, in which the desired reaction takes place is surrounded by a covering, and the ore is supplied first to the space between the covering and drum, which space is warmed by the drum.
  • the heat elements in the drum are fastened to a supporting part so that an integrated inflexible heating beam is constituted. This beam is then sealed in a protective casing.
  • the invention has the advantage that the actual process, or the desired chemical resure, starts easier and is better in control than when using the known technology. This is due to that the thermal energy conducting outwards from the drum of a conversion furnace is utilized by warming and drying the ore supplied in the furnace in the prewarming space between the drum and covering. It is also due to that the temperature of the process space can be well control by means of the integrated heating beam.
  • the invention has the advantage that when using burners, the ore can not mingle with the flue gases because of the protective casing around the heating beam. Further the invention has the advantage that the heating equipment is easy to service, because it can be pull as whole out the drum. Further the invention has the advantage that the costs of the structure according to it are lower than of the corresponding known structures.
  • Fig. 2 shows the principled structure of the conversion furnace according to the invention by means of a longitudinal section drawning.
  • the basic structure parts of the conversion furnace, or briefly 'furnace' 200 are a cylindrical drum 210, cylindrical covering 220 and the heating equipment 230.
  • the covering surrounds substantial wholly the drum, and they have the substantially same geometric axis.
  • the ratio of the covering diameter to the drum diameter is e.g. in the order of 1,5 - 2.
  • Both the covering and drum have a steel layer, the thickness of which is very small in proportion to their diameter.
  • the drum 210 is here located in the direction of the axis, or longitudinal direction, so that its left end is outside the left end of the covering 220, and its right end is located in the inner space of the covering, at a certain distance from the right end of the covering.
  • the position qualifier 'left' refers in this description and claims to the furnace end, where the material to be processed is supplied into the furnace, and correspondingly the position qualifier 'right' refers to the opposite end of the furnace.
  • Both the drum and covering have an end plate at left and right end.
  • the right end plate 215 of the drum extends in the cross section plane as far as the covering, in which case an end space S 3 remains between the end plates of the drum and covering.
  • space S 1 is here named 'prewarming space'.
  • the inner space S 2 of the drum 210 is again here named 'process space'.
  • the heating equipment 230 extends in the example of Fig. 2 from the left end of the furnace close to the right end of the process space S 2 in the drum. To the heating equipment it is brought energy, which raises the temperature T 2 of the process space to the desired range.
  • the material to be processed, or 'ore' is brought to the supply funnel FNL of the furnace 200 and further to the prewarming space S 1 by a transfer device.
  • the temperature T 1 in the prewarming space is clearly higher than the ambient temperature, because the drum warms the air round it.
  • the inner temperature T 2 of the drum has been set to e.g. about thousend degrees
  • the temperature in the prewarming space is e.g. in the range of 100-200 degrees.
  • the ore in the prewarming space warms and moisture evaporates from it.
  • the moisture gets off the furnace through the left end of the covering 220, which is partly open.
  • the warming and draining of the ore results in that the desired chemical reaction takes place more effectively in the process space.
  • the furnace is rotated by a suitable velocity so that ore spreads evenly to the lower part of the covering 220. Gradually ore transfers also into the end space S 3 through the openings in the end plate 215 of the drum. The transfer is helped by the fact that the covering 220 is slightly conical so that its lower surface slopes towards the right end of the furnace.
  • a structure in the end space S 3 lifts ore higher up and steers it into the process space S 2 through the holes in the end plate 215 of the drum.
  • Said openings and holes in the drum's end plate, the end space S3 and the structure therein belong to the transfer arrangement of the ore between the prewarming space and the process space.
  • That the ore to be processed stays in the process temperature T 2 the right time, is arranged i.a. by the rotation velocity of the furnace and the rate of the drum conicality.
  • Fig. 3 shows an example of the conversion furnace according to the invention seen from the side, without the fastening and moving devices of the heating equipment 230.
  • the ore's supply devices comprise a supply funnel FNL, supply pipe, a conveyor screw 241 inside the pipe and a motor M2 of the screw.
  • the supply pipe leads from the supply funnel to the prewarming space, and the conveyor screw 241 transfers ore into that space.
  • the furnace has a rotation arrangement:
  • the drum 210 and covering 220 rest on four rollers (251, 253) with bearings in order to make possible to rotate them. At each pair of rollers there is a support hoop 225; 226 round the covering.
  • the rotation of the structure takes place in this example by a belt drive.
  • the belt 261 goes round the covering and via the belt wheel 262 of the motor M1.
  • the suitable rotation velocity is in the order of hundred rounds per an hour.
  • removing holes HLa which extend through the insulation layer and steel casing of the drum.
  • the processed ore drops through the removing hole, which is at a time the lowest one, to the tube 272 and further to a container.
  • the removing holes and the tube 272 constitute the keeping arrangement of the product.
  • Fig. 4 shows a section of the conversion furnace 200 in accodance to Fig. 3 , near the left end of the covering 220.
  • the drawing shows the structure from the section A-A towards the right end of the furnace.
  • the drum 210 consists of a steel casing and an insulation layer, or a lining 212, which resists high temperature and coates the inner surface of the steel casing the ends included. Inside the drum is seen the heating equipment 230.
  • the support shafts are at said support hoop 225.
  • the conveyor screw 241 inside the supply pipe PI1 extends to the upper part of the prewarming space S 1 between the drum and covering.
  • the supply pipe has to end in the longitudinal direction before said support shafts 271 because of their rotation.
  • Fig. 4 it is also seen a pair of rollers 251, 252, which carries the furnace at its left end.
  • the lines drawn from the rollers to the axis of the drum form an angle of about 90 degrees.
  • Fig. 5 shows a section of the conversion furnace 200 in accodance to Fig. 3 , at the right end of the covering 220, directly next to the end plate of the covering 220.
  • the section then opens the end space S3 of the furnace.
  • the drawing shows the structure from the section B-B towards the left end of the furnace. In this case there are visible the end plate 215 of the drum 210, which plate extends as far as the covering 220 supporting at the same time the drum at its right end.
  • Fig. 5 shows an example of the structure in the end space, which transfers ore from the prewarming space into the drum, or the process space.
  • the transfer of the ore is implemented by some troughs TR1, TR2 and openings HL1, HL2 and holes HL7, HL8 in the end plate 215 of the drum.
  • the amount of the troughs is six, and they are located round a circle at regular intervals.
  • Each trough is fastened to the drum's end plate extending as arc-shaped from the covering towards the axis of the furnace.
  • the outer end of the trough contacts the covering (220) and is like a shovel extending in the longitudinal direction, or in the depth direction in Fig.
  • transfer openings HL1, HL2 extending to the inner surface of the covering 220, one opening per each trough.
  • Each trough when it passes its lowest position, 'shovels' ore along from the bottom of the covering.
  • the ore slides in it towards the 'box' at the inner end of the trough and finishes up there wholly when the trough get close to its highest position. In this phase the ore begins to drop into the process space through the respective supply hole HL7, HL8.
  • the trough has clearly passed its highest position, the 'box' in question has emptied to the process space.
  • Fig. 5 it is also seen a pair of rollers 253, 254, which carries the furnace at its right end.
  • Fig. 6 shows an example of the heating equipment according to the invention.
  • the heating takes place here by electric energy.
  • the heating equipment 630 comprises heating elements, a steel beam 631, a protection layer 632, 633 of the steel beam and a protection casing 634 of steel.
  • the steel beam, its protection layer and the heating elements constitute a heating beam BM1.
  • the steel beam 631 is of cavity type and functions as the supporting structure part of the heating equipment.
  • the protection layer surrounds the steel beam, and it consists of an oblong bin 632 with a lid 633.
  • the protection layer prevents the temperature of the steel beam to rise as high as the temperature in the process space.
  • the heat insulator in the protection layer is e.g. of ceramic fibre.
  • the temperature of the steel beam is restricted by cooling system, e.g. cooling coils inside it.
  • the heating elements are here power resistors PR1, PRn, the conductive material being e.g. MoSi 2 (Molybdenum-disilicide). They are of pole type and are arranged in this example to stand in four rows; one row is on both sides of the protection layer and two parallel rows are below it.
  • the heating elements are connected to the supply conductors CBL of the electric energy inside the steel beam.
  • the protection casing 634 surrounds the space, where the heating elements are, protecting them in the inner space of the drum.
  • Figs. 7a and 7b shows another example of the heating equipment according to the invention.
  • the heating takes place here by gas energy.
  • the heating equipment 730 comprises heating elements, a steel beam 731, a protection layer 732, 733 of the steel beam and a protection casing 734 of steel.
  • the steel beam, its protection layer and the heating elements constitute a heating beam BM2.
  • the steel beam 731 is of cavity type and functions as the supporting structure part of the heating equipment. Also in this case the rigidness of the steel beam is maintained by keeping its temperature low enough by means of said protection layer and the cooling system inside the steel beam.
  • the heating elements are gas burners BN1-BN4. They are located mainly inside the steel beam 731, their nozzles extending through the wall of the steel beam and the protection layer to the space between the heating beam and the protection casing 734.
  • the first gas burner BN1 is fastened to one side wall of the steel beam and its nozzle directs sidewards.
  • the second gas burner BN2 is fastened to the opposite side wall of the steel beam and its nozzle directs to the opposite direction.
  • the third gas burner BN3 is fastened to the 'roof' of the steel beam and its nozzle directs upwards.
  • the fourth gas burner BN4 is fastened to the bottom of the steel beam and its nozzle directs correspondingly downwards.
  • the protection casing is of fire-resistive steel and it surrounds the above-described structure. It is supported to the steel beam by plates 738. The burning of the gas take place mostly in the space between the protection layer 732, 733 and the protection casing, from which space a chimney CHM leads outside the furnace.
  • the protection casing 734 prevents the ore dust to mingle with the flue gases generated in the burning and to leave the furnace among them.
  • Fig. 8 shows an example of the end arrangement for the conversion furnace according to the invention.
  • the 'left' end part of the furnace 800 where the furnace is supplied and the product taken out, is seen in the figure.
  • the end arrangement comprises a wagon WGN having a frame FRM and being provided with wheels.
  • the supply arrangement which includes the supply funnel FNL, supply pipe, conveyor screw 841 and its motor M2, has been fastened to the frame FRM of the wagon, a horizontal beam in the upper part of the frame.
  • the tube 872 through which the product leaves the furnace, has been fastened to the frame FRM.
  • the heating equipment 830 is fastened so firmly that it keeps its position in the drum 810 without any other support.
  • the heating equipment is thus movable in the longitudinal direction.
  • Energy's supply devices and devices for cooling the inner space of the heating equipment 830 can be located to the wagon WGN.
  • For the observation and control of the furnace there may be measuring devices in the wagon, as a measurement device of the temperature in the process space. The monitoring of the temperature is naturally needed to control the heating power so that the process temperature keeps in the defined range.
  • Fig. 9 shows the wagon WGN seen in Fig. 8 pulled outwards from the furnace 800 according to the invention. At the same time the heating equipment 830 has been pulled out partly. In addition, the supply pipe PI1 has come out from the prewarming space of the furnace.
  • gasketing structure GSK At the left end of the heating equipment there may be gasketing structure GSK, the outer surface of which matches to the sides of the circular opening in the end of the drum 810, and which is matched also to the protection casing of the heating beam for preventing heat to escape from the drum.
  • Fig. 10 shows an additional example of the heating equipment of the conversion furnace according to the invention.
  • the heating equipment A30 comprises now two heating beams with their protection casings.
  • a wagon like the one presented in Fig. 8 is now at both end of the furnace A00, with the difference that no support parts are needed for the ore's supply devices and keeping tube of the product in the right wagon.
  • Both the heating beam BM3 fastened to the wagon WG1 at the left end and the heating beam BM4 fastened to the wagon WG2 at the right end function by the electric energy. These heating beams are directed to each other and extend about to the halfway of the process space.
  • Fig. 11 shows further an example of the heating equipment B30 of the conversion furnace according to the invention. Also in this case there is a wagon at both ends of the furnace B00. The difference to Fig. 10 is that now the heating beam BM5 fastened to the wagon WG3 at the left end functions by the gas energy, which is indicated by the chimney CHM sticking out from the wagon WG3. The heating beam BM5 fastened to the wagon WG4 at the right end functions by the electric energy. Naturally, also it could alternatively be provided with the gas burners.
  • Fig. 12 shows another example of the conversion furnace according to the invention on the principled level.
  • the basic structure parts of the conversion furnace C00 are a cylindrical drum C10, cylindrical covering C20 and the heating equipment C30 as in Fig. 2 . Between the cylindrical surfaces of the covering and drum it remains the prewarming space S 1 and inside the drum 210 the process space S 2 .
  • a difference to the structure shown in Fig. 2 is that the right end plate of the drum does now not remain inside the space bounded by the covering, but joins the right end plate of the covering.
  • the 'ore' to be processed is supplied to the prewarming space S 1 of the furnace C00 and it transfers, when the drum and covering rotate, gradually to the right end of the furnace in the lower part of the prewarming space, as in Fig. 2 .
  • the structure in the right end of the prewarming space S 1 lifts ore higher up and steers it into the process space S 2 through the supply holes in the right end of the drum.
  • In the process space ore to be converted transfers, when the furnace rotates, towards its left end, and finally processed material, or product PRD, drops through the removing holes in the left end of the drum out off the furnace.
  • Fig. 13 shows an example of the furnace according to Fig. 12 as a section.
  • the drawing shows the structure from the section D-D towards the right end of the furnace.
  • the structure comprises troughs TRn, which transfer ore from the prewarming space S 1 into the drum C10, or the process space.
  • Each trough is fastened to the end plate C25 of the covering C20 extending as arc-shaped from the covering towards the axis of the furnace.
  • the outer end of the trough is like a shovel and the inner end constitutes together with the covering's end plate a funnel, the end of which is at one supply hole HLn in the wall of the drum.
  • Each supply hole continues to the process space S 2 through the steel casing of the drum and the lining C12, which coates its inner surface.
  • a trough When a trough passes its lowest position, it 'shovels' ore along from the bottom of the covering. When the trough continues the round, the ore slides in it towards its inner end and drops then to the process space, when the trough passes its highest position.
  • Fig. 14 shows the method according to the invention as a flow diagram.
  • phase E01 the inner space of the drum of a conversion furnace, or the process space
  • phase E02 the prewarming space of the furnace is heated by the thermal energy conducting through the walls of the drum. Naturally, this heating continues as long as the heating of the drum.
  • phase E03 ore is supplied to the prewarming space, after which (phase E04) that ore is warmed and dried in the prewarming space.
  • phase E05, ore which has been preprocessed in that way, is transferred to the process space.
  • phase E06 In the process space it is kept a defined period, phase E06, during which period the desired chemical reaction takes place in the ore.
  • phase E07 the generated product is taken out from the furnace
  • the qualifier 'left' refers to the furnace end, where the ore is supplied to the furnace and the qualifier 'right' refers to the opposite end.
  • the term 'bottom' means the lowest part of the structure in question and, in the case of a cylinder, not its geometric bottom.
  • the wording 'furnace rotates' means precisely that its drum and covering and the structures attached fixedly to them, rotate, because the heating equipment, which belongs to the furnace, does not rotate together with them.
  • a conversion furnace according to the invention has been described above. However, its structure can differ in detail from that presented.
  • the drum and the covering or either of them can also be an actual cylinder by shape, instead of a conical-like one. Especially in that case a thread structure can be on the inner surface of the covering to transfer ore ahead when the furnace rotates.
  • the left ends of the drum and covering can also be situated at the same geometric plane, in which case the removing holes of the product would be directed through the left end plate of the drum.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
EP18000953.2A 2018-12-10 2018-12-10 Konversionsofen Withdrawn EP3667220A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18000953.2A EP3667220A1 (de) 2018-12-10 2018-12-10 Konversionsofen

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18000953.2A EP3667220A1 (de) 2018-12-10 2018-12-10 Konversionsofen

Publications (1)

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EP3667220A1 true EP3667220A1 (de) 2020-06-17

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EP18000953.2A Withdrawn EP3667220A1 (de) 2018-12-10 2018-12-10 Konversionsofen

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US401023A (en) * 1889-04-09 Territory
GB393293A (en) * 1930-11-28 1933-05-29 Andre Paul Edouard Bourdet Improvements in ovens for drying materials or for other heat treatment
US3396953A (en) * 1965-12-22 1968-08-13 United States Steel Corp Kiln
GB2493069A (en) * 2011-07-21 2013-01-23 Clive Roger Stamp Rotary kiln for carbon dioxide production from limestone

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US401023A (en) * 1889-04-09 Territory
GB393293A (en) * 1930-11-28 1933-05-29 Andre Paul Edouard Bourdet Improvements in ovens for drying materials or for other heat treatment
US3396953A (en) * 1965-12-22 1968-08-13 United States Steel Corp Kiln
GB2493069A (en) * 2011-07-21 2013-01-23 Clive Roger Stamp Rotary kiln for carbon dioxide production from limestone

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