EP3662529A1 - Plaque bipolaire pour ameliorer le rendement d'une pile a combustible a membrane echangeuse de protons - Google Patents
Plaque bipolaire pour ameliorer le rendement d'une pile a combustible a membrane echangeuse de protonsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3662529A1 EP3662529A1 EP18773527.9A EP18773527A EP3662529A1 EP 3662529 A1 EP3662529 A1 EP 3662529A1 EP 18773527 A EP18773527 A EP 18773527A EP 3662529 A1 EP3662529 A1 EP 3662529A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- zone
- oxidizer
- fuel
- flow channels
- homogenization zone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0265—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to electrochemical reactors with membrane-electrode assemblies, such as low temperature fuel cells.
- the invention relates to optimizing the energy efficiency of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
- Fuel cells are for example envisaged as a power supply system for motor vehicles produced in large scale in the future, as well as for a large number of applications.
- a fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy directly into electrical energy.
- a fuel such as dihydrogen or methanol is used as the fuel of the fuel cell.
- dihydrogen In the case of dihydrogen, it is oxidized and ionized on one electrode of the cell and an oxidizer is reduced on another electrode in the cell.
- the chemical reaction produces water at the cathode, with oxygen being reduced and reacting with the protons.
- the great advantage of the fuel cell is that it avoids releases of atmospheric pollutants at the place of generation.
- Proton exchange membrane fuel cells operate at low temperatures and have particularly advantageous compactness properties.
- Each cell comprises an electrolyte membrane allowing only the passage of protons and not the passage of electrons.
- the membrane comprises an anode on a first face and a cathode on a second face to form a membrane / electrode assembly called AME.
- dihydrogen is ionized to produce protons crossing the membrane.
- the electrons produced by this reaction migrate to a flow plate and then pass through an electrical circuit external to the cell to form an electric current.
- oxygen is reduced and reacts with the protons to form water.
- the fuel cell may comprise several so-called bipolar plates, for example made of metal, stacked on top of one another.
- the membrane is disposed between two bipolar plates.
- Bipolar plates may include channels and outlets for guiding reagents and products to / from the membrane, guiding coolant, and separating different compartments.
- Bipolar plates are also electrically conductive to form collectors of electrons generated at the anode. According to a relatively frequent design, a bipolar plate is formed of two metal sheets assembled by welding and generally providing between them channels for the flow of a coolant.
- Bipolar plates also have a mechanical function of transmission of clamping forces of the stack, necessary for the quality of the electrical contact.
- Gaseous diffusion layers are interposed between the electrodes and the bipolar plates and are in contact with the bipolar plates.
- Electronic conduction is performed through the bipolar plates, ionic conduction being obtained through the membrane.
- the bipolar plates continuously feed the reactive surfaces of the electrodes into reagents, as and when they are consumed.
- the bipolar plates comprise flow channel networks ensuring the distribution of reagents in the reactive zones.
- the flow channel arrays are connected between input and output collectors, generally traversing the stack from side to side. Each manifold is surrounded by a seal to prevent mixing of the different fluids circulating in the stack.
- a homogenizer zone most commonly connects an inlet or outlet manifold to flow channels. The function of the homogenization zones is to obtain a flow of a reagent with the most homogeneous pressure and flow possible through the different flow channels.
- the passage of reagents from an inlet manifold to an outlet manifold, through the flow channels of an active zone induces a pressure drop.
- the pressure drop in the cathode channels generally has a sufficiently high level to allow the evacuation of liquid water produced by the reaction.
- the efficiency of the fuel cell increases with the oxidant pressure in the flow channels of the active zone.
- a pump therefore generally compresses the oxidizer to feed an inlet manifold by oxidizing under pressure, and to at least compensate for the pressure drop of the cathode line.
- the oxidant pressure must not reach an excessive level, the power consumption of the pump increasing with the level of oxidant pressure applied. There is therefore an optimal operating pressure which maximizes the efficiency of the fuel cell system.
- the pressure applied by the compressor at the inlet of the oxidizer inlet manifold must correspond to the optimal pressure in the active zone, relieved of the amplitude of these pressure drops. In order to maintain this optimum pressure in the active zone, it is also necessary to maintain relatively high pressure drops downstream of the active zone.
- Such a valve involves including a water condenser and a gas / water separator between the oxidizer outlet manifold and said valve to be able to regulate the oxidant pressure on a dry gas.
- a valve induces large oscillations of the pressure in the active zone when starting the fuel cell.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the profile of the relative pressure in different sections of a cathode flow, from an inlet manifold to an exhaust manifold.
- the ZHE zone corresponds to the input homogenization zone
- zone ZA corresponds to the active zone
- the ZHS zone corresponds to the exhaust homogenization zone
- the OC zone corresponds to the calibrated orifices.
- Such fuel cells provided with a flow limiter have drawbacks.
- the cathodic pressure drops are not sufficient to guarantee the optimum pressure over the entire range of the desired operating regime.
- the energy efficiency of the fuel cell system is then deteriorated.
- the energy efficiency is further removed from the theoretical maximum energy efficiency, the compression efficiency of the oxidizer pump is high.
- such fuel cells generate parasitic water retention points on the flow, inducing the use of a condenser and a phase separator.
- the invention aims to solve one or more of these disadvantages.
- the invention thus relates to a bipolar plate for a fuel cell with a proton exchange membrane as defined in the appended claims.
- the invention also relates to the variants of the dependent claims. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that each of the features of the variants of the dependent claims may be independently combined with the features of an independent claim, without necessarily constituting an intermediate generalization.
- the invention also relates to a fuel cell as defined in the appended claims.
- FIG 1 is a schematic diagram of the cathodic relative pressure of a fuel cell according to the state of the art
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary stack of membrane / electrode assemblies and bipolar plates for a fuel cell
- FIG. 3 is a view from above of an example of a bipolar fuel cell plate having a cross-flow cooling circuit with respect to fuel and oxidant with parallel flows;
- FIG 4 is a schematic sectional view of a fuel cell at an oxidizer inlet homogenization zone
- FIG 5 is a schematic sectional view of a fuel cell at an oxidizer exhaust homogenization zone
- FIG. 6 is a view from above of an exemplary configuration of a bipolar plate at an oxidizer exhaust homogenization zone
- FIG. 7 is a view from above of another exemplary configuration of a bipolar plate at an oxidizer exhaust homogenization zone
- FIG. 8 is a comparative diagram of the relative pressures in different sections of different fuel cell configurations
- FIG. 9 is a comparative diagram of the relative pressure at the inlet of the flow collector for different configurations of fuel cells
- FIG. 10 is a view from above of an example of a bipolar fuel cell plate having a parallel flow cooling circuit with respect to fuel and oxidant.
- FIG 2 is a schematic exploded perspective view of a stack of cells 1 of a fuel cell 4.
- the fuel cell 4 comprises a plurality of cells 1 superimposed.
- the cells 1 are of the proton exchange membrane or polymer electrolyte membrane type.
- the fuel cell 4 comprises a fuel source 40.
- the fuel source 40 supplies an inlet of each cell 1 with dihydrogen.
- the fuel cell 4 also includes a source of oxidant 42.
- the source of oxidant 42 supplies an inlet of each cell 1 with air, the oxygen of the air being used as oxidant.
- Each cell 1 also includes exhaust channels.
- One or more cells 1 also have a cooling circuit.
- Each cell 1 comprises a membrane / electrode assembly 1 10 or
- a membrane / electrode assembly 1 10 comprises a solid electrolyte 1 13, a cathode (not shown) and an anode 1 1 1 placed on either side of the electrolyte and fixed on this electrolyte 1 13.
- the electrolyte layer 1 13 forms a semipermeable membrane allowing proton conduction while being impervious to gases present in the cell.
- the electrolyte layer also prevents the passage of electrons between the anode 11 and the cathode.
- a bipolar plate 5 is disposed between each pair of adjacent MEAs.
- Each bipolar plate 5 defines anode flow channels and cathodic flow channels on opposite external faces.
- Bipolar plates 5 advantageously also define coolant flow channels between two successive membrane / electrode assemblies.
- the bipolar plates 5 may be each formed in a manner known per se from two conductive metal sheets assembled, for example stainless steel, or titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, nickel alloy or tantalum alloy. Each sheet then defines a respective outer face.
- Bipolar plates can also be obtained by any other method, for example molding or injection from carbon-polymer composites.
- the bipolar plates 5 can thus also be formed in one piece.
- the outer faces of the bipolar plate 5 are then defined by such a piece in one piece.
- Each cell 1 may further comprise a gas diffusion layer (not shown) disposed between the anode and a bipolar plate, and another gas diffusion layer disposed between the cathode and another bipolar plate.
- a cell 1 of the fuel cell 4 usually generates a DC voltage between the anode and the cathode of the order of 1 V.
- the source of oxidant 42 typically comprises a compressor for introducing air at a given pressure to the inlet of cells 1.
- a compressor receives for example an air pressure setpoint, the air pressure can be regulated by a variable speed of rotation of the compressor.
- the stack of bipolar plates 5 and membrane / electrode assemblies 1 10 is intended to form a plurality of flow collectors.
- respective orifices (591 to 596, illustrated in Figure 3) are formed through the bipolar plates 5 and through the membrane / electrode assemblies 1 10.
- the orifices of the bipolar plates 5 and the membrane / electrode assemblies 1 10 are arranged vis-à-vis to form the different flow collectors.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of an exemplary bipolar plate 5, other flow channel configurations may be contemplated.
- the bipolar plates 5 thus have orifices 591 and 593 at a first longitudinal end, orifices 595 and 596 at a second longitudinal end, an orifice 593 at a first lateral end, and an orifice 594. at a second lateral end.
- the orifice 591 serves for example to form a fuel supply manifold
- the orifice 596 serves for example to form an exhaust collector exhaust combustion and unused fuel.
- the orifice 593 serves for example to form a coolant supply manifold
- the orifice 594 serves for example to form a coolant discharge manifold.
- the orifice 592 serves, for example, to form an oxidizer supply manifold
- the orifice 595 serves, for example, to form a collector for discharging produced water and unused oxidant.
- the outer face illustrated for the bipolar plate 5 comprises ribs delimiting flow channels for a reagent, for example the fuel.
- the zone comprising the flow channels corresponds to the active zone 54 of the electrochemical cell.
- the flow channels are here intended to connect the collectors 592 and 595.
- An inlet homogenization zone 52 connects the collector 592 to the inlet 545 of the flow channels of the zone 54.
- An exhaust homogenization zone 55 connects the manifold 595 to the outlet 546 of the flow channels of the active zone 54.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 further illustrate the geometry of various homogenization zones.
- the bipolar plate 5 here comprises a cross-flow cooling circuit with respect to the fuel and oxidant flows.
- the fuel and oxidant flows are here parallel. Other configurations may of course be considered in the context of the invention.
- a bipolar plate 5 according to the invention is to optimize the energy efficiency of the fuel cell 4 without inducing excessive structural complexity.
- the fuel efficiency of the fuel cell 4 can be defined as the ratio between the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell and the chemical energy theoretically available by the fuel consumption.
- a bipolar plate 5 according to the invention aims in particular to avoid the need for the use of a condenser and a phase separator in the oxidizer flow circuit.
- the pressure drops of the combustion circuit in the bipolar plate 5 are distributed as follows: dP1 between the inlet manifold 592 and the active zone 54, dP2 between the active zone 54 and the outlet manifold 595 and dP3 the along the active zone within the 541 canals.
- dP1 between the inlet manifold 592 and the active zone 54
- dP2 between the active zone 54 and the outlet manifold 595 and dP3 the along the active zone within the 541 canals.
- the bipolar plate 5 is configured so that, for a Reynolds number of the flow of the oxidant in the exhaust homogenization zone 55 between 1000 and 2000:
- the linear pressure losses across the exhaust homogenization zone 55 constitute more than 80% of the pressure losses dP2, and preferably more than 90% of the pressure drops dP2;
- the value dP2 / dP1 is at least equal to 2, preferably at least equal to 3.
- the value dP2 / dP1 is advantageously at most equal to 10.
- a Reynolds number of the oxidant flow in the exhaust homogenization zone 55 between 1000 and 2000 is fairly representative of the flow conditions for a full power fuel cell. This Reynolds number range serves as a reference for verifying that the pressure drop conditions are well met according to the invention.
- Linear pressure losses in a homogenization zone are obtained when this oxidant is channeled so as to form a laminar flow.
- linear pressure drops of suitable amplitude are obtained by adequate sizing of the passage section in this homogenization zone, or by inclination more or less marked flow channels of the homogenization zone with respect to the direction of flow in the active zone.
- This passage section is for example defined by the width and height of flow channels in this homogenization zone, and / or the height and the number of raised studs possibly formed in this homogenization zone.
- the exhaust homogenization zone 55 By configuring the exhaust homogenization zone 55 so that the pressure drops therein are essentially linear, the fuel efficiency of the fuel cell 4 is improved, in particular for intermediate power levels.
- the exhaust homogenization zone 55 makes it possible to obtain an oxidant pressure at the inlet 545 of the channels 541 having a relatively high amplitude, favoring the energy efficiency of the battery
- this passive management of the pressure downstream of the flow within the bipolar plate 5 allows a simplified management of the water formed because it does not require the use of a condenser or of a phase separator as in the case of the solutions of the state of the art.
- the oxidant exhaust system of the fuel cell 4 may be devoid of water condenser and gas / water separator downstream of the oxidizer outlet manifold 595.
- the flow downstream of the exhaust homogenization zone 55 is, for example, typically without an active counter-pressure valve and without calibrated orifices of the flow restrictor type on the oxidizer line, which is likely to cause the majority of the losses. charge in this exhaust homogenization zone.
- Such flow restrictions are such as to form a turbulent flow of the oxidant and to be sensitive to the presence of water in the cathodic output mixture.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of an example of a fuel cell at an oxidizer inlet homogenization zone.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of this fuel cell at its oxidizer exhaust homogenization zone.
- each membrane / electrode assembly 1 10 comprises a reinforcement 1 14 fixed to the periphery of its membrane 1 13.
- An oxidizer inlet flow channel 521 of the homogenization zone 52 is here illustrated (inlet flow channels 521 are in particular present in a shaded area of the arrow illustrating a flow).
- This flow channel 521 is formed in particular between a face 525 of the bipolar plate 5 and a reinforcement of a membrane / electrode assembly. The height of the flow channel 521 corresponds to the distance between this face 525 and this reinforcement.
- a fuel exhaust flow channel 522 is provided between a face 526 of the bipolar plate 5 and a reinforcement 11 of another membrane / electrode assembly 1 10, vertically above the inlet homogenization zone. of oxidizer.
- the height of the flow channel 521 is here increased relative to the height of the flow channel 522, in order to reduce the pressure drops in the oxidizer inlet homogenization zone 52.
- the increase in the height of the channels flow 521 also makes it possible to reduce the height of the flow channels 522, which makes it possible to increase the pressure losses at the fuel exhaust, which favors the homogenization of the fuel in the homogenization zone of fuel input.
- the sum of the height of the fuel discharge homogenization zone and the height of the oxidizer inlet homogenization zone being equal to the sum of the height of the homogenization zone of the oxidizer exhaust and the height of the fuel inlet homogenization zone.
- the height of the flow channel 521 here is greater than that of the oxidizer flow channels 541 of the active zone 54.
- the bipolar plate 5 has fuel flow channels 542 on one side and oxidizer flow channels 541 on another side in its active zone 54. Coolant flow channels 543 are formed in the active zone 54 between the two faces of the bipolar plate.
- An oxidizer exhaust flow channel 551 of the homogenization zone 55 is here illustrated (inlet flow channels 551 are in particular present in a hatched area of the arrow illustrating a flow). This flow channel 551 is in particular formed between the face 525 of the bipolar plate 5 and a reinforcement of a membrane / electrode assembly. The height of the flow channel 551 corresponds to the distance between this face
- a fuel inlet flow channel 552 is provided between the face
- the height of the flow channel 551 is here reduced relative to the height of the flow channel 552, to increase the linear pressure losses in the oxidizer exhaust homogenization zone 55.
- the height of the flow channel 551 is here lower than that of the oxidant flow channels 541 of the active zone 54.
- the height of the flow channels 521 may be at least twice that of the flow channels 551.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of an example of a bipolar plate 5 at its exhaust homogenization zone 55.
- the linear pressure losses in this exhaust homogenization zone 55 are here obtained by means of FIG. flow channels 551 having reduced sections.
- a similar geometry can be used for the input homogenization zone 52, with greater depths of the flow channels 521.
- a design to obtain a high dP2 / dP1 ratio may for example consist in having an average passage section in the inlet homogenization zone 52 which is at least twice that of the homogenization zone. Exhaust 55.
- the aim of the invention is both a reduction in the oxidant input (dP1) pressure losses in front of the output losses (dP2), while seeking to make them as linear as possible all along the flow.
- the oxidizer inlet homogenization zone 52 it is possible to configure the oxidizer inlet homogenization zone 52 so that the linear pressure losses therethrough constitute more than 80% of the pressure losses dP1 between the oxidizer inlet manifold 592 and the oxidant flow channels 541, and preferably more than 90% of dP1 pressure drops.
- the pressure drop in the oxidizer inlet homogenization zone 52 is reduced for the same oxidant pressure in the active zone 54 by decreasing dP1 in front of dP2 and an improvement in the overall energy efficiency of the fuel cell is obtained. 4 having a strong linear contribution of the homogenization zone 52 in dP1.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of another example of a bipolar plate 5 at its exhaust homogenization zone 55.
- the linear pressure losses in this exhaust homogenization zone 55 are here obtained by a multitude of relief studs 554 positioned in zone 55.
- Figure 8 is a comparative diagram of pressures in different sections of different fuel cell configurations.
- the curve in solid line corresponds to a fuel cell provided with a bipolar plate according to the invention, with an optimization of the pressure losses.
- the dashed curve corresponds to a fuel cell provided with a bipolar plate according to the state of the art having flow limiters. These flow limiters induce load losses proportional to the square of the velocity of the oxidant passing through them.
- the bipolar plates have the same active zone.
- the oxidizer exhaust homogenization zone for the bipolar plate according to the invention has substantially uniform pressure drops along the length of the flow between the active zone and the oxidizer exhaust manifold.
- Figure 9 is a comparative diagram of the flow manifold inlet relative pressure for different fuel cell configurations, as a function of the electrical power generated by these fuel cells.
- the dashed curve corresponds to a theoretical configuration presenting the optimum energy efficiency, for an oxidizer compressor having a given compression efficiency. The greater the difference between this curve and a characteristic curve of a real fuel cell is important for a given power, the lower the energy efficiency for this power.
- the dashed curve corresponds to the use of a flow limiter according to the state of the art with the same compression pump.
- the solid line curve corresponds to a bipolar plate for a flow of laminar oxidant in the exhaust zone, object of the invention. Energy efficiency is improved especially for power operating intermediates. A bipolar plate according to the invention thus promotes the use of a fuel cell with a certain dynamic.
- the dash-dot curve corresponds to a bipolar plate according to the invention, for a mixed laminar / turbulent flow. Even for such a flow, the energy yield obtained with a bipolar plate according to the invention remains better than that obtained with a flow limiter according to the state of the art (dashed curve).
- the hydraulic diameter of an oxidant flow channel in the active zone of a bipolar plate according to the state of the art is typically between 0.35 and 0.4 mm.
- Stcomburant 2 (ratio of the total oxidant flow rate to oxidizer flow consumed by the cell)
- a density of 1.5A / cm 2 the number Reynolds of the oxidant flow in the active zone is 240.
- the oxidant is accelerated and the Reynolds number is then typically between 500 and 1000.
- the Reynolds number would reach at most 2000, which would keep a laminar regime.
- the invention proves particularly advantageous when the oxidizer pump has a compression yield at least equal to 75%, or preferably at least equal to 80%.
- Such a yield is for example that corresponding to nominal operating conditions of the pump, for example when the oxidizer is air.
- FIG 10 is a schematic top view of another exemplary bipolar plate.
- the bipolar plates 5 thus have orifices 591 to 593 at a first longitudinal end, orifices 594 to 596 at a second longitudinal end.
- the bipolar plate 5 here comprises a parallel current cooling circuit with respect to fuel and oxidant flows.
- the orifice 591 forms a fuel supply manifold
- the orifice 596 forms a combustion residue evacuation manifold.
- Port 593 forms a coolant supply manifold
- port 594 forms a coolant discharge manifold.
- Port 592 forms a oxidizer feed manifold
- the orifice 595 forms a waste water discharge manifold and unused oxidant.
- Coolant channels are thus superimposed on the oxidizer and fuel flow channels of the homogenization zones 52 and 55.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1757528A FR3069961B1 (fr) | 2017-08-04 | 2017-08-04 | Plaque bipolaire pour ameliorer le rendement d'une pile a combustible a membrane echangeuse de protons |
| PCT/FR2018/051892 WO2019025701A1 (fr) | 2017-08-04 | 2018-07-24 | Plaque bipolaire pour ameliorer le rendement d'une pile a combustible a membrane echangeuse de protons |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3662529A1 true EP3662529A1 (fr) | 2020-06-10 |
Family
ID=60081015
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18773527.9A Pending EP3662529A1 (fr) | 2017-08-04 | 2018-07-24 | Plaque bipolaire pour ameliorer le rendement d'une pile a combustible a membrane echangeuse de protons |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3662529A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN111052469B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3069961B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019025701A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112909284A (zh) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-06-04 | 上海兰友科技有限公司 | 具有等腰三角形区域的用于燃料电池的双极板及燃料电池 |
| DE102021115601A1 (de) * | 2021-06-16 | 2022-12-22 | Ekpo Fuel Cell Technologies Gmbh | Strömungselement, Bipolarplatte und Brennstoffzelleneinrichtung |
| CN116404190A (zh) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-07-07 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | 燃料电池流场分配装置、燃料电池、发动机及车辆 |
| FR3166759A1 (fr) | 2024-09-24 | 2026-03-27 | Inocel Development | Structure de plaque bipolaire à deux plans de soudure pour pile à combustible |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI20022383A1 (it) * | 2002-11-11 | 2004-05-12 | Nuvera Fuel Cells Europ Srl | Generatore elettrochimico alimentato con gas reattivi a pressione |
| JP2006294503A (ja) * | 2005-04-13 | 2006-10-26 | Nippon Soken Inc | 燃料電池及び燃料電池用ガスセパレータ |
| JP5197995B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-24 | 2013-05-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
| JP4903770B2 (ja) * | 2008-11-26 | 2012-03-28 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
| JP5485727B2 (ja) * | 2010-01-27 | 2014-05-07 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池スタック |
| CN106571472B (zh) * | 2016-11-10 | 2019-07-12 | 上海交通大学 | 一种增强流体均匀性的燃料电池金属双极板组件 |
-
2017
- 2017-08-04 FR FR1757528A patent/FR3069961B1/fr active Active
-
2018
- 2018-07-24 CN CN201880058216.XA patent/CN111052469B/zh active Active
- 2018-07-24 EP EP18773527.9A patent/EP3662529A1/fr active Pending
- 2018-07-24 WO PCT/FR2018/051892 patent/WO2019025701A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3069961A1 (fr) | 2019-02-08 |
| CN111052469A (zh) | 2020-04-21 |
| CN111052469B (zh) | 2023-09-15 |
| WO2019025701A1 (fr) | 2019-02-07 |
| FR3069961B1 (fr) | 2022-07-08 |
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