EP3660221B1 - Building element and construction - Google Patents

Description

Technical field of the invention

The present invention relates to a building element according to claim 1 for the construction of buildings. In particular, the invention relates to a building element in which the foundations, which create non-positive connections between a basic element of the building element and the ground, can be replaced. The present invention also relates to a building element in which the condition, integrity and stability of the foundations can be checked using sensors. The present invention also relates to a building which comprises at least one building element according to the present invention.

State of the art

Structures, for example linear structures such as retaining walls, walls or shoulder protection, are created using various methods and using various building elements. For example, in the case of a classic linear structure - be it on the level or on a mountain or valley side on a slope - a linear foundation made of in-situ concrete is created after soil excavation and the structure, often also in in-situ concrete, is connected to it. Or prefabricated line building elements made of concrete or other materials are connected to one or more foundations or placed on a foundation level. In the case of prefabricated linear structure elements, the connections between the foundations and linear structure elements are friction-locked, for example by casting concrete.

Another principle for the construction of buildings, especially linear structures, is based on spot foundations, so-called piles, of special civil engineering. For this purpose, piles or pipes placed in the ground are often reinforced with an internal or external grout. These are then integrated into the linear structure. The pile head is then no longer accessible. Accessibility is preserved if the Run the piles through a sleeve tube through the linear structure and secure the back anchoring on the outside with a screwed-on plate.

An interesting alternative to concrete foundations or the piles described above are screw foundations, also known as ground screws, usually made of steel. Their length can vary from a few tens of centimeters to several meters. Generally speaking, ground screws have a shape comparable to a normal screw, i.e. they consist of an elongate body in the shape of a cylinder with a part which includes an external thread. In addition, with extendable systems, functional elements such as plates can be individually coupled between them. Screw foundations are often designed as a hollow body, which is closed with a flange.

The great advantage of ground screws is that they are immediately loadable, fully removable, modular and reusable. Screw foundations are also particularly easy to install in the ground, since they can simply be screwed into the ground. In addition, no curing times have to be waited for. Screw foundations are increasingly used in a wide variety of situations, for example as foundations for noise barriers, solar panels, or for small or medium-sized houses.

The most important task of foundations is to absorb loads from the structure and pass them on to the subsoil without the resulting load on the soil having a negative impact on the structure or the environment. The load-bearing capacity of the built-in foundations is therefore an important safety parameter and must often be able to be monitored and checked decades after construction. Ideally before that, but at the latest after it has been determined that the foundations or back anchors are no longer fulfilling their function, this must be identified and rectified. Otherwise the entire structure is at risk. This can be caused by material changes, for example corrosion or cracking, reduced load transfer due to changes in the subsoil, for example due to changes in soaking, or a change in the acting loads, for example due to road traffic.

For well-known buildings and building elements, such as patent applications DE 10 2015 104395 A1 and WO 2007/014013 A2 , especially in the case of linear structures and linear structure elements, it is no longer possible after the structure has been completed to check the foundations on the existing structure both statically and for integrity and to replace them if necessary without having to remove the base body of the structure element from the ground. The patent application WO2008/002308 A2 shows an apparatus for maintaining a sea dyke, comprising a plurality of anchoring elements for insertion through the sea dyke, a single holding element for fastening to ends of the anchoring elements which extend from a water-facing side of the sea dyke, and a plurality of securing elements for securing the Retaining element at the ends of the anchoring elements in order to tension the anchoring elements and exert a compressive force against the sea dike.

The Korean Patent Application KR 2018 0094548 A shows a load-carrying structure for a post of a guardrail that reinforces the load-carrying capacity of the guardrail installed at a pole edge upwards at intervals and increases the load-carrying capacity of a newly-installed post and a previously-installed post regardless of the structure of a road to prevent an increase in accidental damage caused by a to prevent bad crash barrier. The Japanese patent application JP2006219829A shows a method for reinforcing the concrete structure using a permanent anchor, comprising the following process steps: providing a cable insertion hole for inserting the anchor cable, wherein a space with a diameter larger than the hole diameter of the cable insertion hole is provided on the anchor cable insertion opening side of the cable insertion hole , providing a cable entry pipe of almost the same diameter as the cable entry hole within the space, arranging reinforcing bars around the cable entry pipe within the space, pouring concrete around the cable entry pipe, inserting the anchor cable into the cable entry hole through the cable entry pipe, pouring concrete into the cable entry hole, and applying tension to the anchor cable to anchor it.

Proceeding from the state of the art, the object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages and to provide a building element and a structure which enable the integrity and stability to be checked and the foundations to be replaced.

Summary of the Invention

According to the present invention, these aims are achieved primarily through the elements of the two independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments also emerge from the dependent claims and the description.

In particular, the objectives of the present invention are achieved by a building element comprising a base element, the building element comprising at least two primary screw foundations which can be inserted into the ground through insertion openings in the base element and by means of which a non-positive connection can be created between the base element and the ground, wherein the primary ground screws are replaceable without having to remove the base member from the ground, wherein the structural element includes one or more sensors and/or signal sources for monitoring the stability and integrity of the primary ground screws and/or the secondary ground screws, and wherein the primary ground screws and/or the secondary screw foundations have through holes through which the sensors and/or the signal sources can be inserted.

Thanks to the building element according to the invention, it is possible to construct buildings in which the primary screw foundations are accessible for checking their integrity and stability. In addition, can the primary ground screws can be replaced when necessary without having to remove the base from the ground. Unlike the out Building elements known from the prior art, in which the foundations and anchors are either integrated into the in-situ concrete or cannot be dismantled, the checking and replacement of foundations is possible with the building element according to the invention.

This means that, for example, the screw foundations can be checked periodically and their probable service life can be checked individually and continuously. This allows the monitoring of the aging process and the planning and implementation of suitable measures for building preservation. The risk of building failure due to insufficient load transfer of the foundations during the entire life cycle of the building element is massively reduced. Due to the simple testing options and the simple possibility of replacing the foundations, there are no costs or the structure can be used much longer.

In a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the base takes the form of a parallelepiped and the screw foundations and insertion holes are oriented such that they do not pass through the weight-bearing surface of the base.

This proposes a structural element in which the primary ground screws are accessible for inspection of their integrity and stability. The orientation of the insertion openings ensures that the screw foundations absorb tensile loads from the base element and transfer them to the subsoil. In addition, the screw foundations can be replaced if necessary. The proposed building element is particularly suitable for the construction of line structures.

In a further preferred embodiment of the structural element according to the invention, the base element has bearing surfaces perpendicular to the insertion openings, onto which screw foundation flanges of the primary screw foundations can be placed. As a result, the connecting force between the base element and the floor can be distributed over the bearing surfaces, which translates into a smaller mechanical pressure and which prevents the base element from breaking.

In another preferred embodiment of the structural element according to the invention, the bearing surfaces are arranged within recesses in the base element. This allows the primary ground screws to be located entirely within the volume of the base member. The primary screw foundations are thus protected.

In a further preferred embodiment of the building element according to the invention, the recesses of the base element are configured in such a way that they can be closed by means of cover plates. This allows the primary screw foundations to be protected even better, especially against environmental influences such as rain.

In another preferred embodiment of the structural element according to the invention, bearing rings are arranged between bearing surfaces and screw foundation flanges. For example, steel rings may be provided between the base member and screw foundation flanges to protect the base member.

In a further preferred embodiment of the structural element according to the invention, the structural element comprises flange screws, by means of which the distances between the primary screw foundation flanges and the bearing surfaces can be adjusted. This allows the traction of the primary ground screws and therefore the amount of frictional connection between the base member and the ground to be precisely adjusted.

In another preferred embodiment of the structural element according to the invention, the structural element comprises one or more support elements, by means of which the weight-bearing surface of the base element can be accommodated. As a result, the base element does not have to be in direct contact with the ground. This becomes the primitive for example protected against soil moisture or the creation of a planum can be omitted.

In a further embodiment of the structural element according to the invention, the structural element comprises at least two secondary screw foundations, through which a non-positive connection can be created between the support elements and the ground. This can ensure that the weight load of the building element is sufficiently supported by the secondary screw foundations and that creep behavior of the basic element is prevented.

In another preferred embodiment of the structural element according to the invention, the structural element comprises through-holes in the base element, through which secondary screw foundations can be inserted into the ground, the secondary screw foundations having bolt holes and the base element having side holes through which bolts can be inserted, with non-positive connections being made between the base element and the base element by means of bolts secondary screw foundations can be created. This also allows the secondary ground screws that support the weight load of the structural element to be replaced if necessary. All you have to do is remove the bolts that connect the base element and the screw foundation to be replaced. The simple possibility of replacing these foundations means that there are no further costs or the structure can be used much longer.

In a further embodiment of the structural element according to the invention, the secondary screw foundations have interfaces such as flanges, to which other elements such as safety elements, linear structure elevations, warning signals or solar panels can be attached. This means that, for example, crash barriers, safety elements, warning signals or solar panels can be attached directly to the interfaces of the secondary screw foundations.

In a further embodiment of the building element according to the invention, the base element takes the form of a slab and the primary screw foundations and the base element are frictionally connected to one another by means of yoke connections. This proposes a building element in the form of a slab in which the screw foundations are accessible for checking their integrity and stability. In addition, the screw foundations can be replaced if necessary without having to remove the base element from the ground.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the structural element according to the invention, the sensors are optical sensors, vibration sensors, temperature sensors, acoustic sensors, movement sensors or a combination thereof. This enables the relevant parameters for monitoring and testing the integrity and stability of the foundations to be measured. Based on the data measured by sensors, a well-founded decision can be made as to whether or when a foundation needs to be replaced.

In a further preferred embodiment of the building element according to the invention, the optical sensors are cameras. This makes it possible to check whether the foundations have cracks or gaps, for example, and to judge whether the foundations consequently need to be replaced.

In a further preferred embodiment of the structural element according to the invention, the structural element comprises transmission means, by means of which the data measured by the sensors can be transmitted to a control center. This allows monitoring integrity and Stability of the screw foundations are delocalized. In addition, it also enables automatic and/or periodic monitoring and the sending of an alarm if a sensor measures a value that exceeds a predetermined limit value.

In a further preferred embodiment of the structural element according to the invention, the transmission means and the control center communicate via mobile radio networks. As a result, the data measured by the sensors can be easily transmitted to a remote control center.

The aims of the invention are also achieved by a building comprising at least one building element according to the invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the structure according to the invention, at least two building elements are non-positively connected to one another.

Further details of the invention emerge from the following description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The further advantages of the present invention can also be gathered from the description, as well as suggestions and proposals as to how the objects of the invention could be modified or further developed within the scope of what is claimed.

Brief description of the drawings

• figure 1 shows a perspective view of a building element according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
• figure 2 shows a sectional view of a building element according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
• figure 3 shows a perspective sectional view of a building element according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
• figure 4 shows a perspective view of a building element according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
• figure 5 shows a perspective sectional view of a building element according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
• figure 6 shows a sectional view of a building element according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
• figure 7 shows a sectional view of a yoke connection between screw foundation and base element according to a third embodiment of the present invention; and
• figure 8 shows a perspective view of a building element according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Preferred Embodiments of the Invention

figure 1 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of a building element 10, here a line building element, according to the present invention. The linear structure element 10 comprises a base element 11, advantageously made of concrete, at least two primary screw foundations 12, which in this embodiment are provided for absorbing tensile loads on the base element 11 and passing on these loads to the subsoil.

The linear structure element 10 further comprises at least two secondary screw foundations 13 which are provided for absorbing compressive loads on the base element 11 . The linear structure element 10 also includes a support element 14 on which the base element 11 is placed. The linear structure element 10 further comprises one or more sensors 40 and/or signal sources for monitoring the stability and integrity of the primary ground screws 12. The sensors are connected to the transmission means 41 for transmitting the data measured by the sensors 40 to a remote control center (not shown here). Even if in figure 1 Although it is indicated that sensors 40 and transmitter means 41 are connected with a wire, they could just as well be connected wirelessly, for example by means of Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. In addition, sensors and transmitters for monitoring the secondary screw foundations 13 could also be provided.

As in the figures 2 and 3 Illustrated, the base member 11 includes recesses 15 and insertion openings 16 through which the primary ground screws 12 can be inserted. The primary screw foundations 12 penetrate into the floor 17 and thus create a non-positive connection between the floor 17 and the base element 11 . A support ring 18, for example a ring made of steel, is arranged between the flange 12a of a primary ground screw 12 and the base element 11. The tensile stress of the primary screw foundations 12 can be adjusted by means of flange screws 12b. Thanks to the support ring 18, this can be done without damaging the base element.

As in the figures 2 and 3 Also shown, the primary screw foundations 12 have through holes 12c through which sensors and/or signal sources such as cameras and light sources can be inserted into the hollow body of the foundation (see text below for more details). The secondary screw foundations 13 are connected to the support element 14 by means of screws 13b. As already mentioned above, the base element 11 can simply be placed in the support element 14 . It is of course also possible to provide a non-positive connection, for example with a pouring out of concrete, between the base element 11 and the support element 14 . Even if in figure 1 only one support element 14 is shown for two basic elements 11, it is of course clear that a different number of support elements 14 would be possible. In addition, a direct support of the basic elements 11 on the secondary ground screws 13 would be possible.

The longitudinal axes X and Y of the primary ground screws 12 and the secondary ground screws 13 form, as shown in FIG figure 2 shown, an angle α of about 50 °. However, the angle α can be different and adapted to the subsoil 17 to which the linear structure element 10 is attached. The angle α can also be adjusted depending on the forces acting locally on the base element 11 . Thus, of course, the angle α can be different for each primary ground screw 12 .

The base element 11 also has cover plate recesses 19 into which cover plates (not shown here) can be placed. Thus, access to the primary ground screws 12 can be blocked. This protects the primary screw foundations against environmental influences.

Thanks to the linear structure element 11, it is possible to replace the primary screw foundations 12 without dismantling the structure. In addition, it is possible to carry out the replacement without having to stop the operation of the structure. If the linear structure 11 is used, for example, to secure a road shoulder, it is possible to gradually replace the primary screw foundations 12 without having to stop traffic on the road.

As mentioned above, it is possible to insert sensors 40 and signal sources into the primary ground screws 12 through the access holes 12c. This allows the integrity and stability of the foundations to be checked. If necessary, substitutions can be made in good time. For example, optical cameras, infrared cameras, movement sensors, vibration sensors, acoustic sensors and/or seismic sensors can be used as sensors 40 . In addition, signal sources, for example light sources in the form of fiber optic illuminators, can be inserted through the access holes 12c into the foundations 12 next to the sensors 41 so that images can be taken with optical cameras.

figure 4 12 shows a line building element 20 according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention. components of Linear structure elements 20, which have already been described above in the context of the description of the first embodiment, are identified here with the same reference symbols.

As in the figures 4 and 5 As can be seen, the linear structure element 21 has a base element 21 , primary ground screws 12 and secondary ground screws 23 . Also in this embodiment, the base element 21 comprises recesses 15 and insertion openings 16 through which the primary screw foundations 12 can be inserted into the ground. The primary screw foundations 12 penetrate into the floor 17 and thus create a non-positive connection between the floor 17 and the base element 21 . The support element 18, for example a ring made of steel, is placed between the flange 12a of a screw foundation 12 and the base element 21. The tensile stress of the primary screw foundations 12 can thus be adjusted by means of screws 12b without the base element 21 being damaged as a result.

In addition, the primary screw foundations 12 also have holes 12c in the second embodiment, through which sensors 40 and/or light sources can be inserted. The sensors 40 are connected to the transmission means 41, which enables the integrity and the stability of the ground screws to be monitored in real time. As illustrated in this figure, sensors 42 are provided to monitor the secondary ground screws 13 as well.

In contrast to the base element 11, the base element 21 has through holes 24 through which the secondary ground screws 23 can be inserted into the ground, as in FIG figure 6 shown. The secondary ground screws 23 have bolt holes 25 which are orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the ground screws 23 . The base element 21 in turn has side holes 22. Bolts 26 can be inserted through the bolt holes 25 of the screw foundations 23 and the side holes 22 of the base element 21 in order to connect the base element 21 to the screw foundation 23 in a non-positive manner. Because the secondary Screw foundations 23 penetrate into the floor 17, thus creating a non-positive connection between the floor 17 and the base element 21.

As in the figures 5 and 6 1, the secondary ground screws 23 also have a flange 23a. Elements 33 of a safety barrier, for example, can be attached to this flange 23a by means of a corresponding interface, for example a flange-flange connection.

The great advantage of the linear structure element 21 is that not only the primary screw foundations 12 but also the secondary screw foundations 23 can be replaced without the base element 21 having to be removed from the ground. In addition, the secondary screw foundations 23 have holes 23c through which sensors and/or light sources can be inserted. This enables "live" monitoring of the integrity and stability of the secondary screw foundations 23. This can increase the safety of the line structure and also its economic efficiency, since the screw foundations are only replaced when this is really necessary.

As in the first embodiment of the present invention, multiple linework elements 21 can be combined to create an entire linework 50 . Advantageously, several linear structure elements 11 or 21 can be held together by means of ropes or other connecting elements 34. This increases the stability of the entire linear structure 50.

As mentioned above, the stability and integrity of the primary ground screws 12 and secondary ground screws 13,23 can be monitored "live" by means of sensors. Transmission means 41 are provided for this purpose in order to transmit the data measured by the sensors to a remote control center (not shown). The transmission means 41 advantageously use mobile radio networks such as GMS, GPRS, UMTS or LTE for this transmission. However, it can be provided that the sensors first transmit their data to a "local" center, for example by means of Wi-Fi or the like, and that this local Center sends the collected sensor data to a delocalized center. The electrical energy required for the sensors and transmission means can be obtained, for example, by solar panels (not shown) attached to the basic elements 11, 21.

Figures 7 and 8 show a building element 60 according to a third preferred embodiment of the present invention. Structure 60 comprises a base element 61, here in the form of a slab, advantageously made of concrete or metal, and four primary screw foundations 62, which can be inserted into soil 17 through insertion openings 64 in base element 61, and by means of which a non-positive connection is established between base element 61 and the floor 17 can be created.

Like in the figure 7 As can be seen, the plate 61 and the primary ground screws 62 are connected to one another by means of a so-called yoke connection 63 . The yoke linkage 63 includes a first linking plate 63a having a hole 63f connected to the flange 62a of the ground screw by a bolt 63b, and a second linking plate 63c between the first linking plate 63a and the flange 62a. The second connection plate 63c is in turn connected to the base element 61 by means of a threaded rod 63d and nut 63e. Thanks to the yoke connection 63, the screw foundations 62 secure the base element 61 both against pressure loads and against tensile loads. However, the screw foundations 62 can be replaced, as in the two previous preferred embodiments, without having to remove the base member 61 from the ground. In addition, an additional non-positive connection, for example with a pouring out of a hardening compound, such as concrete, can be provided between the base element 61 and the yoke connection 63 . This means that lateral loads can also be counteracted. A spout can advantageously be provided either between the first connecting plate 63a and the second connecting plate 63c and/or between the base element 61 and the outer wall of the screw foundations 62 . It should be noted that clearances may be provided to allow for some flexibility during construction of the structural member 60. In particular, can the diameter of the hole 63f of the first connecting plate 63 may be selected such that the screw foundation 62 and the base member 61 are slidable relative to each other. Similarly, the diameter of the hole 64 of the base member 61 may be selected to provide some flexibility in the relative position of the screw foundation 62 and base member 61 to each other.

As in figure 7 1, one or more sensors 40 and/or signal sources, such as light sources, may be provided by which the condition, integrity, and stability of the ground screws 62 can be measured and monitored. Here, too, the sensors can be connected to the transmission means 41 for transmitting the data measured by the sensors 40 to a remote control center (not shown here). The sensors 40 and transmitter means 41 can be connected together with a wire or wirelessly. The sensors 40 can be inserted into the screw foundation 62 through a hole 62c, for example in the screw 63b.

Even if in the Figures 7 and 8 the ground screws 62 are aligned perpendicular to the plate 61, they could also be aligned obliquely to the plate 61. Furthermore, the base element 61 can have a different form factor and accordingly comprise a different number of screw foundations 62 . For example, the primitive 61 may take the form of a beam. In this case, two screw foundations 61 may be sufficient. However, the basic element 61 can also take the form of a disk. In this case, the number of screw foundations required depends heavily on the diameter of the disc and the acting load.

Claims (14)

1. Building element (10, 20, 60) comprising a base element (11, 61), whereby

   the building element (10, 20, 60) comprises at least two primary screw foundations (12, 62), which are able to be introduced into the ground (17) through insertion openings (16, 64) of the base element (11, 21, 61) and by means of which a non-positive connection is able to be created between the base element (11, 61) and the ground (17),

   the primary screw foundations (12, 62) are able to be replaced without the base element (11, 61) having to be removed from the ground, characterized

   in that the building element (10, 20, 60) comprises one or more sensors and/or signal sources for monitoring the stability and integrity of the primary screw foundations (12) and/or of the secondary screw foundations (13),

   whereby the primary screw foundations (12, 62) and/or the secondary screw foundations (23) have through holes (12c, 23c, 62c), through which the sensors (40, 42) and/or the signal sources are able to be introduced.
2. Building element (10, 20) according to claim 1, whereby the base element (11, 61):

   - takes the form of a cuboid, whereby the insertion openings (16) are oriented in such a way that they do not pass through the weight-bearing surface of the base element (11, 21), or

   - assumes the shape of a plate (61), whereby the primary screw foundations (62) and the base element (61) are connected to each other by means of yoke connections (63).
3. Building element (10, 20) according to claim 2, whereby the base element (11, 21) in the form of a cuboid has supporting surfaces (11a) perpendicular to the insertion openings (16), on which screw foundation flanges (12a) of the primary screw foundations (12) are able to be placed.
4. Building element (10, 20) according to claim 3, whereby the supporting surfaces (11a) are arranged within recesses (15) of the base element (11, 21).
5. Building element (10, 20) according to claim 4, whereby the recesses (15) are configured in such a way that they are able to be closed by means of cover plates (19).
6. Building element (10, 20) according to one of the claims 3 to 5, whereby support rings (18) are arranged between supporting surfaces (11a) and screw foundation flanges (12a).
7. Building element (10, 20) according to one of the claims 3 to 6, comprising flange screws (12b) by means of which the distances between the screw foundation flanges (12a) and the supporting surfaces (11a) are adjustable.
8. Building element (10) according to one of the claims 2 to 7, comprising one or more support elements (14) by means of which the weight-bearing surface of the base element (11) in the form of a cuboid is able to be accommodated.
9. Building element (10) according to claim 8, comprising at least two secondary screw foundations (13), by means of which a non-positive connection is able to be made between supporting elements (14) and the ground.
10. Building element (20) according to one of the claims 2 to 7, comprising through-holes (24) in the base element (21) in the form of a cuboid, through which secondary screw foundations (23) are able to be introduced into the ground, the secondary screw foundations (23) comprising bolt holes (25) and the base element (21) comprising side holes (22), through which bolts (26) are able to be introduced, it being possible by means of bolts (26) to establish non-positive connections between base element (21) and secondary screw foundations (23).
11. Building element (20) according to claim 10, whereby the secondary screw foundations (23) have interfaces, for example flanges (23a), to which other elements (33), such as safety elements, line construction elevations, warning signals or solar panels are able to be attached.
12. Building element (10, 20, 60) according to claim 1, whereby the sensors (40, 42) are optical sensors, such as cameras, vibration sensors, temperature sensors, acoustic sensors, motion sensors, or a combination thereof.
13. Building element (10, 20, 60) according to one of the claims 1 to 12, whereby the building element comprises transmitting means (35) by means of which the data measured by the sensors (40, 42) are able to be transmitted to a control center, preferably via mobile radio networks.
14. Construction comprising at least one building element (10, 20, 60) according to one of the claims 1 to 13.

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