EP3643396B1 - Continuously operating and fluid-respiring fluid mixing machine and method for operating same - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates, in particular, to a continuously operating and fluid-breathing fluid mixing device, comprising at least one main mixing chamber with a main mixing chamber, into which a quaternary fluid can be fed via a quaternary fluid inlet and a tertiary fluid can be fed via a tertiary fluid inlet in such a way that they mix with one another in the main mixing chamber and leave the main mixing chamber as a quintary fluid.

Such fluid mixing devices are known from the prior art. They have different areas of application and differ, among other things, in the type of fluids and in which way these fluids are supplied to the fluid mixing device.

For example, it is possible to design such a fluid mixing device in such a way that the fluids are mixed and leave the main mixing chamber as an effectively mixed quintary fluid, for example a liquid-gas mixture. Such a fluid mixing device can be implemented, for example, as a gasifier in sewage treatment plants. Similar fluid mixing devices are also used in snow cannons.

From an energetic point of view, however, known fluid mixing devices have weaknesses in the effectiveness or quality of the mixing of the fluids. In addition, an artificial acceleration of at least the quaternary fluid is usually necessary, for example by means of pumps or compressors. This is costly and disadvantageous in terms of durability.

DE 39 23 480 A1 discloses a fluid mixing device and a method of operating a fluid mixing device.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a fluid mixing device and in particular a continuously operating and fluid-breathing fluid mixing device offer that allows a more efficient and / or better mixing of fluids.

This object is achieved by a fluid mixing device and by a method for operating such a device according to the independent claims.

This object is achieved in particular by a fluid mixing device and in particular a continuously operating and fluid-breathing fluid mixing device, comprising at least one main mixing chamber with at least one main mixing chamber, the main mixing chamber extending in its cross section along a main extension direction R _X2 from an inlet end with a large diameter to an outlet end a small diameter, wherein at the outlet end a _{nozzle widening in the main direction of extent R X2} in its cross-section in the main direction of extent R _{X2 is} provided and at the inlet end a closure part which closes the main mixing chamber, in particular at the front, is provided, the closure part having: at least one, in particular axially in Quaternary fluid inlet opening into the main mixing space, in order to supply at least one quaternary fluid to the main mixing space, and at least one tertiary fluid inlet opening tangentially into the main mixing space s, in order to tangentially supply at least one tertiary fluid to the main mixing chamber, the tertiary fluid inlet having at least one premixing chamber, in particular a so-called tertiary fluid inlet nozzle, with a cross-section extending along a main direction from an inlet end, with a large diameter, to an outlet end, with a small diameter , tapering premixing space, and wherein the premixing chamber has the following: at least one secondary fluid inlet, in particular axially opening into the premixing space, in order to supply at least one secondary fluid to the premixing space, and at least one primary fluid inlet opening tangentially into the premixing space, in order to supply at least one primary fluid to the premixing space.

This object is also achieved by a method for operating a fluid mixing device as described here, comprising the following steps: Feeding a primary fluid via the tangential primary fluid inlet into the premixing space of the premixing chamber, so that a vortex flow is formed in the premixing space, whereby A secondary fluid is conveyed into the premixing chamber by a Venturi effect via the secondary fluid inlet and a tertiary fluid is formed by a primary fluid-secondary fluid mixture; Supply of the tertiary fluid via the tangential tertiary fluid inlet to the main mixing chamber of the main mixing chamber, so that a vortex flow is formed in the main mixing chamber, with a venturi effect conveying a quaternary fluid into the main mixing chamber via the quaternary fluid inlet, a tertiary fluid-quaternary fluid mixture of the main mixing chamber being formed and at the outlet end is issued as quintary fluid.

The essence of the invention is, inter alia, the use of reactor spaces and mixing spaces which decrease in cross section along the respective main direction of extent or the main flow direction and which are arranged in such a way that fluids are brought together via the premixing space and the respective inlet in the main mixing space and passed through the fluid mixing device. The terms “tangential introduction” and “axial introduction” are optionally understood here to mean any type of introduction that is oriented “essentially tangentially” or “essentially axially”. In particular, the introduction can deviate here by an angle of up to ± 15 degrees, optionally by up to ± 10 degrees, to complete axiality or tangentiality. Optionally, the tangential deviation angle is up to +15 degrees, optionally up to +10 degrees, this positive angle definition defining a deviation of the inlet direction in the direction of the center, that is, away from the wall.

A fluid is optionally understood to mean any type of liquid and / or gas, at least one fluid also being able to be passed through the fluid mixing device in different, in particular changing, states of aggregation. For example, it is conceivable to pass at least one fluid in a liquid form through the fluid mixing device and then at least partially convert it into a gaseous aggregate state, or vice versa.

A “nozzle” is understood in the scope of the invention to mean any type of outlet means in order to discharge the fluid guided in the respective space which the nozzle closes off at the outlet end.

It should be noted that, within the scope of the invention, the terms “main directions of extent” and “main directions of flow” are used. This means that a fluid guided along the main direction of extent or main flow direction is guided in this direction when viewed globally. During this global leadership, a different local direction can also be adopted. For example, a fluid can also be guided in a spiral meandering manner in the main direction of extent or in a similar direction, in particular in sections, which deviates from the main direction of extent.

It has been found that with a fluid mixing device described here, more effective mixing or a very energy-efficient mixing of the fluids guided through the fluid mixing device can be achieved. Through the use of the described tapering mixing space and the inventive introduction of the primary and secondary fluids in the axial and tangential direction, energy-efficient guidance and mixing of the fluids already takes place in the premixing space Direction and the subsequent mixing with the axially introduced quaternary fluid is further improved energetically. The result is an optimally energy-efficient mixed and, depending on the embodiment, accelerated quintary fluid, which leaves the fluid mixing device as quintary fluid via the nozzle. In addition, it has been found that such a fluid mixing device can optionally be designed without active acceleration of the quaternary fluid.

Optionally, the quaternary fluid inlet and the tertiary fluid inlet and / or the secondary fluid inlet and the primary fluid inlet are arranged complementary to one another in such a way that a Venturi vortex tube effect is formed in the main mixing chamber and / or in the premixing chamber. For example, the quaternary fluid inlet and the tertiary fluid inlet can be arranged in such a way that the tangential introduction of the tertiary fluid sucks the quaternary fluid into the main mixing chamber or its main mixing chamber, and vice versa. The same optionally applies to the primary fluid inlet, which opens tangentially into the premixing chamber in such a way that the secondary fluid is sucked into the premixing chamber or its premixing chamber by a Venturi vortex tube effect, and vice versa. Mixed forms are also conceivable, with, for example, a partial amount of at least one fluid being sucked in via such a Venturi effect, another partial amount being actively introduced and, in particular, being pumped.

Optionally, the quaternary fluid inlet and / or the secondary fluid inlet are in fluid communication with the atmosphere. The quaternary fluid and / or the secondary fluid air are also optional. It is possible for the quaternary fluid inlet and / or the secondary fluid inlet to be in direct fluid communication with the atmosphere. This is particularly advantageous if, as described above, the quaternary fluid inlet and the tertiary fluid inlet and / or the primary fluid inlet and the secondary fluid inlet are arranged complementary to one another in such a way that a Venturi vortex tube effect is formed in the main mixing chamber or in the premixing chamber. With the direct connection of the quaternary fluid inlet and / or the secondary fluid inlet to the atmosphere, air is drawn from the atmosphere into the fluid mixing device in a simple and reliable manner.

The main mixing space and / or the premixing space are optional in their respective main direction of extent R _X2 ; R _{X302 designed} at least in sections in the form of a continuously tapering and, in particular, tapering hyperbole-like funnel. The hyperbolic funnel is optionally designed as a hyperboloid funnel, namely as a so-called Torricelli trumpet and in particular as a rotational body of a graph with the form y = 1 / x, with the definition range X> 1, rotating around the X axis. Solid bodies with a deviation of ± 10% from this geometric shape also apply within the scope of the invention. It has been found that a fluid guided in such a volume body is guided in a particularly effective manner and can optionally be guided in an accelerated manner.

_{Optionally, the quaternary fluid inlet and / or tertiary fluid inlet and / or the secondary fluid inlet and / or the primary fluid inlet are} in their respective cross-sections along their main direction of extent R X400; R _X300 ; R _X200 ; R _X100 from an inlet end with a large diameter to an outlet end with a small one Tapering diameter and in particular designed in the form of a tapering hyperbole-like funnel. The aforementioned can also apply to such a hyperbole-like funnel. That is, such a hyperbolic funnel is optionally designed as a hyperboloid funnel, namely as a so-called Torricelli trumpet and in particular as a rotational body of a graph with the form y = 1 / x, with the definition range X> 1, rotating around the X axis. Solid bodies with a deviation of ± 10% from this geometric shape also apply within the scope of the invention.

Optionally, a nozzle is provided on the main mixing chamber and / or on the premixing chamber and in particular in the outlet area or an outlet end of the mixing space. This nozzle can be designed as a Laval nozzle. It can be designed as an expanding nozzle. Such a nozzle can have the shape of a hyperbolic and, in particular, hyperboloidal funnel. It can be designed as a diffuser. Optionally, the nozzle is designed in such a way that it rectifies the eddy flow of the fluid that is guided in the main mixing chamber or the premixing chamber and / or generates the highest possible outflow velocity. The nozzle can be designed analogously to the geometry of the main mixing chamber or the premixing chamber, in particular in opposite directions.

It is possible to provide such a nozzle with a spiral flow guide in order to force the guided fluid into a spiral flow path, in particular with a gradient that decreases in the direction of flow. Such a spiral flow guide can, for example, be internals and in particular projections which force the fluid guided in the nozzle into a spiral flow. It is also possible to design the nozzle in a twisted shape so that such a spiral flow guide and / or a spiral flow path result. Optionally, the spiral shape is selected in such a way that a hyperbolic and, in particular, hyperbolic decreasing slope results.

Optionally, at least one fluid inlet, in particular the primary fluid inlet and / or the secondary fluid inlet, has at least one fluid line means and in particular primary fluid line means or secondary fluid line means. Optional is the fluid inlet via at least one fluid line means with at least one fluid reservoir, for example a water reservoir, or a fluid pump, for example a water pump, in fluid connection. Optionally, the fluid reservoir is a pressure reservoir in which the fluid to be conveyed is under pressure and is thus optionally supplied to the inlet under pressure.

Optionally, at least one section of the primary fluid line means and / or the secondary fluid line means and / or at least one of the fluid inlets and / or at least one of the chambers has at least one fluid temperature control means. Such a fluid temperature control means can be, for example, a heat exchanger assigned to the main mixing chamber and / or the premixing chamber. This can in particular have at least one fluid line running in and / or on the wall of the chamber. The advantage of such a fluid temperature control means lies in the possibility of heating and / or cooling a fluid guided in the respective fluid line means and / or the respective chamber and / or the respective fluid inlet. For example, a primary fluid introduced into the premixing chamber can be preheated via a heat exchanger assigned to the main mixing chamber so that it is introduced into the premixing chamber in a heated state and mixed there with the secondary fluid. The (pre) heating or cooling can optionally take place in such a way that the physical state of the guided fluid changes, ie the fluid temperature control means can be designed in such a way that the guided fluid coming into contact with it changes its physical state. For example, a previously liquid fluid can be converted into an essentially partially gaseous fluid through contact with the fluid temperature control medium, or vice versa. The fluid temperature control means is optionally designed as a fluid preheating means. It is possible for the fluid temperature control means to be designed as a fluid cooling means. This is also covered by the invention and everything that has been said with regard to the training for heating applies accordingly to the training for cooling. In this way, for example, cooling of the at least one guided fluid can be achieved. A fluid temperature control means can optionally be connected to an external cooling line means, for example a line system connected to a water reservoir, via which water or a similar coolant can be supplied.

The fluid temperature control means optionally has at least one fluid line means which is arranged in and / or on the wall of the main mixing chamber and / or premixing chamber and / or at least in sections in and / or at least in sections on the wall of the main mixing chamber and / or in a spiral shape or the like Premixing chamber is designed to run from the nozzle to the inlet, in particular the tertiary fluid inlet or primary fluid inlet. By guiding the fluid conduit means in the respective wall, an effective heat transfer can be achieved. In addition, it is possible to design the fluid line means or the fluid temperature control means in such a way that the nozzle and / or the chamber wall are cooled or heated. Optionally, the fluid is fed as a cooled fluid to the fluid mixing device and in particular to the fluid temperature control means in order to be heated via the fluid temperature control means. It is also conceivable to design fluid temperature control means in such a way that at least one guided fluid is cooled.

Optionally, the fluid line means is arranged in a spiral and / or meandering manner. It is also optionally designed in such a way that it is used to control the fluid temperature and / or to change the pressure of the guided fluid and / or to control the temperature of the nozzles and / or the chamber wall. It is optionally conceivable that the fluid line means has a round, and in particular circular, cross section. As a round cross-section, a cross-section with a steady wall development is optionally viewed. It is also optionally possible to provide guide devices in the fluid line means, in particular in order to cause the flow of the guided fluid to rotate. These guide devices are preferably designed in such a way that they force the guided fluid into a spiral flow along the main flow direction in the fluid conduit means.

As already mentioned, it is possible in this way to design the fluid mixing device "capable of steady thrust"; this means, among other things, that no active, in particular mechanical, acceleration, in particular of the fluid supplied via the quaternary fluid inlet, is necessary.

Optionally, the tertiary fluid inlet and / or the primary fluid inlet each have at least one valve means in order to stop and / or enable the supply of the fluid guided therein and / or to regulate the supply quantity. Optionally, the valve means is designed in such a way that it enables the inflow of the tertiary fluid and / or the primary fluid when a sufficient tertiary fluid or primary fluid pressure and / or a sufficient tertiary fluid temperature or primary fluid temperature has been reached to allow the respective main mixing chamber or premixing chamber to develop a Venturi vortex tube effect and, in particular, to suck in quaternary fluid or secondary fluid. In this case, one can speak of a self-ignition of the fluid mixing device. The valve means is optionally designed so that it only opens when the primary fluid supplied via the primary fluid inlet and the primary fluid pressure source, for example a fluid reservoir or a fluid pump, reaches the sufficient temperature or pressure for the Venturi effect in the premixing chamber. The same applies optionally to a valve means which is optionally assigned to the tertiary fluid.

Optionally, at least one electrical conduction for the fluid flow is provided in the quaternary fluid inlet and / or tertiary fluid inlet and / or secondary fluid inlet and / or primary fluid inlet and / or main mixing chamber and / or premixing chamber. It is conceivable for the quaternary fluid inlet and / or the tertiary fluid inlet and / or the secondary fluid inlet and / or the primary fluid inlet and / or the main mixing chamber and / or the premixing chamber to be rotated at least in sections in order to form the current conduction, in particular by turning them around Fluid to define a twisted flow path. It is also conceivable that they are designed in such a way that they force the fluid guided therein into a rotated flow path. It is conceivable to design at least one current conduction guide, in particular a spiral flow guide, for example in the form of a hyperbolic, in particular hyperbolic, spiral, in order to force the guided fluid into a spiral flow and in particular a logarithmically decreasing hyperbolic spiral path. Optionally, at least one conduction guide, in particular a spiral flow guide, is provided, for example as an installation means with at least one guide plate or a similar guide element. It is also possible to implement such a current conduction system integrally with the wall, and in particular by means of appropriately designed elevations in the wall, which in the cross-sectional plane correspondingly reduce the cross-section in the flow path, so that the fluid guided therein is forced into a change of direction. In the case of a spiral arrangement of the conduction line, a spiral flow path of the guided fluid results. Optionally, it is conceivable to design the respective inlet or the chamber and in particular the walls of the respective inlet or chamber in a twisted manner around the respective main axis of extension, which results in a spiral-shaped flow guidance in the flow path. It is conceivable to design the current conduction in such a way that decreasing and / or increasing gradients result in the flow path and in particular in a spiral helical path. The current conduction is optionally designed so that the slope is reduced in a spiral shape along the main direction of extent. The current conduction guide is optionally designed for flow rectification in order to rectify or laminarize a flow guided there.

Optionally, the quaternary fluid inlet and / or the tertiary fluid inlet and / or the secondary fluid inlet and / or the primary fluid inlet and / or the main mixing chamber and / or the premixing chamber are round in cross section and in particular circular. Elliptical and the like, continuously developed cross-sectional shapes can also be used.

Optionally, the tertiary fluid inlet and / or the primary fluid inlet are about a pivot axis running orthogonally to the respective main flow direction in the opening chamber in a pivot direction counter to the main flow direction R _X2 ; R _{X302 is designed to be pivotable} in a range of 90 degrees to 150 degrees. In this way, for example, a fluid guided via the respective inlet can be accelerated tangentially and, moreover, already in the main flow direction. In particular, when the fluid mixing device is started, the respective inlet is optionally pivoted at an angle of 90 degrees, that is to say tangentially-orthogonal to the main axis of extension. During operation, this swivel angle can then be increased to up to 150 degrees so that the direction of introduction increasingly points in the main flow direction.

Optionally, the premixing chamber has a closure part which closes the premixing space at an inlet end and on which at least one secondary fluid inlet and at least one primary fluid inlet are provided. In addition, the premixing chamber optionally has, at an outlet end of the mixing space, a nozzle which widens in its cross section in the main direction of extent, as has already been described above.

It is conceivable to form the closure parts described here on the premixing space or main mixing space integrally with the respective wall of the space. It is also conceivable to provide it as an independent component. In this context in particular, the respective inlets for the fluids can then be provided on the closure part in a very cost-effective manner.

It is conceivable to provide a plurality of primary fluid inlets and / or tertiary fluid inlets on the premixing chamber or the main mixing chamber. In particular, the respective inlets are optionally, in particular, evenly distributed over the circumference of the respective chamber or of the respective closure part.

Optionally, the main mixing chamber and the premixing chamber form a fractal vortex tube arrangement. This means in particular that the main mixing chamber and the premixing chamber are identical in their basic geometry, but are designed in different sizes. For example, the main mixing chamber or the main mixing chamber can have a hyperbolic cross section, while the premixing chamber has an identical hyperbolic cross section, but with a reduced size.

As mentioned, the invention also relates to a corresponding method for operating such a fluid mixing device. All of the characteristics and embodiments mentioned in relation to the fluid mixing device also apply to the method, although for reasons of redundancy they are not explicitly discussed, but only to what is mentioned herein. Conversely, everything that is stated in relation to the method also applies to the fluid mixing device.

So it is optionally conceivable that in addition to conveying via a Venturi effect, in particular the secondary fluid and / the quaternary fluid are actively conveyed into the premixing space or the main mixing space, for example by means of a fluid pressure reservoir and / or a fluid pump.

It is also conceivable that the tertiary fluid-quaternary fluid mixture leaves the main mixing chamber as a quintary fluid and is fed to a downstream turbine. In this way, for example, electrical and / or kinetic energy can be obtained via the fluid mixing device.

The area of application of the fluid mixing device described here extends from mixing devices for mixing different fluids, to use as fumigants, to use in snow cannons and similar snow-making devices. All of these application forms are encompassed by the invention.

• Fig. 1 eine isometrische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform der kontinuierlich arbeitenden und fluidatmenden Fluidmischeinrichtung;
• Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt der Ausführungsform gem. Fig. 2;
• Fig. 3 und 4 eine isometrische Detaildarstellung eines Tertiärfluideinlasses der Ausführungsform gem. Fig. 1;
• Fig. 5 eine Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Fluidmischeinrichtung; und
• Fig. 6: einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Fluidmischeinrichtung.

Further embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims. In the following, the invention is described on the basis of exemplary embodiments, which are explained in more detail by means of the accompanying drawings. Here show schematically:

• Fig. 1 an isometric view of a first embodiment of the continuously operating and fluid-breathing fluid mixing device;
• Fig. 2 a cross section of the embodiment according to. Fig. 2 ;
• Figs. 3 and 4 an isometric detailed representation of a tertiary fluid inlet of the embodiment according to FIG. Fig. 1 ;
• Fig. 5 a side view of a further embodiment of the fluid mixing device according to the invention; and
• Fig. 6 : a cross section through a further embodiment of the fluid mixing device according to the invention.

In the following, the same reference numerals are used for identical and identically acting components, with high indices sometimes being used to distinguish identical components.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning, and in particular a meaning as generally understood by one of ordinary skill in the art when interpreted in connection with the description and the drawings . It is further understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries are interpreted in relation to the technical field relevant here, and not in an idealized or in an exaggeratedly formal sense, unless this is explicitly defined. In certain cases, a detailed description of well-known devices and methods can be dispensed with in order to avoid redundancy in the description. The description of specific embodiments and the terminology used therein are not intended to limit the invention. The singular forms "a", "der / die / das" may also include the plural forms, unless the context clearly suggests otherwise. The term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It goes without saying that the terms “comprises” and / or “comprising” indicate the presence of named features, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features. Furthermore, it goes without saying that if a certain step of a method is indicated as following another step, it can directly follow this other step or one or more intermediate steps can be carried out before the certain step is carried out, unless otherwise stated . In the same way, it is to be understood that when a connection between structures or components is described, that connection can be made directly or via intermediate structures or components, unless otherwise specified. On the disclosure content of all publications, patent applications, patents and others mentioned here Literature is referenced in its entirety. In the event of a conflict, this specification, including its definitions, applies.

The invention is described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown. However, the invention can also be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, the embodiments are presented herein so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art in a fully but exemplary manner. The description of the exemplary embodiments is intended to be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are intended to be considered a part of the entire written description. In the drawings, the absolute and relative sizes of systems, components, layers, and regions may be exaggerated for clarity. Embodiments can be described using schematic and / or cross-sectional illustrations, idealized embodiments and intermediate structures of the invention. Relative terms, as well as their derivatives, should be understood to refer to the orientation as described or shown there in the drawing just discussed. These relative terms serve to provide a clearer description and do not require that the system has to be set up or operated in a particular orientation, unless it is explicitly stated otherwise. Any of the disclosed devices or parts thereof can be combined together or divided into further parts, unless specifically stated otherwise. The mere fact that certain measures are listed in sections or claims that are different from one another is not intended to indicate that a combination of these measures cannot advantageously be taken. In particular, all conceivable combinations of the claims are to be viewed as inherently disclosed. In this specification, words such as "substantially", "approximately" or "generally / generally" are to be interpreted to include at least deviations of a degree of 10% or less, preferably 5% or less, or deviations from a shape that would still fall within the scope of the relevant definition to a person skilled in the art, unless otherwise specified.

For the sake of clarity and for the sake of a more stringent description, features are mostly described here as part of one or separate embodiments; however, it goes without saying that the scope of the invention can also include embodiments that have combinations of all or some of the features described.

the Fig. 1 and 2 show a possible embodiment of the fluid mixing device according to the invention in an isometric view ( Fig. 1 ) and a sectional view ( Fig. 2 ).

In this embodiment, the fluid mixing device 1 according to the invention comprises at least one main mixing chamber 2, which has a main mixing chamber 4 which tapers in its cross section along a main direction of extent R _X2 from an inlet end 6 with a large diameter D ₆ to an outlet end 8 with a small diameter Ds.

At the outlet end 8, in this embodiment, a nozzle 10 which widens _{in the main direction of extent R X2} in its cross section in the main direction of extent R _{X2 is optionally provided.}

At the inlet end, a closure part 12, which closes the main mixing chamber 2, in particular at the end, is provided, which has the following: at least one quaternary fluid inlet, in particular axially opening into the main mixing chamber 4, in order to supply at least one quaternary fluid to the main mixing chamber 4, and at least one tertiary fluid inlet 300 opening tangentially into the main mixing chamber 4, in order to supply at least one tertiary fluid tangentially to the main mixing chamber 4. _{The tertiary fluid} inlet 300 has at least one premixing chamber 302 with a premixing space 304 that tapers in its cross section along a main direction of extent R X300 from an inlet end 306, with a large diameter, to an outlet end 308, with a small diameter.

The premixing chamber 302 in turn has the following: at least one secondary fluid inlet 200, in particular axially opening into the premixing chamber 304, in order to feed at least one secondary fluid to the premixing chamber 304, and at least one primary fluid inlet 100 opening tangentially into the premixing chamber 304, in order to feed at least one primary fluid to the premixing chamber 304.

The core of the invention is, among other things, the design of the main mixing _{chamber 4 and the mixing chamber 2 in its cross-section which tapers in the respective main direction of extent R X2} or R X302 and the introduction of the fluids supplying the respective chamber 4 or 304 in the axial or tangential direction. It has been found that in this way an optimal mixing and / or a very energy-efficient mixing of the guided fluids can be achieved. The starting behavior of such a fluid mixing device has also improved compared to devices known from the prior art.

In the embodiment shown here, the quaternary fluid inlet 400 and the tertiary fluid inlet 300 and / or the secondary fluid inlet 200 and the primary fluid inlet 100 can be arranged complementary to one another in such a way that a Venturi vortex tube effect develops in the main mixing chamber 2 or the premixing chamber 302. In this way, for example, in the area of the tertiary fluid inlet 300 or the premixing chamber 302, the secondary fluid is sucked in via the secondary fluid inlet 200 without the need for, in particular, mechanical acceleration or pressurization of the secondary fluid 200. The same is possible in the area of the quaternary fluid inlet 400, in which case a Venturi flow sucks the quaternary fluid 400 via the quaternary fluid inlet 400 into the main mixing chamber 2 or the main mixing chamber 4 due to the resulting Venturi vortex tube effect. However, active funding could optionally still be at least partially able to be arranged.

A fluid mixing device designed in this way can in particular be capable of static thrust, which means in particular that no active conveyance of the quaternary fluid into the main mixing chamber 4 is required. Optionally, no mechanical components in particular such as compressor groups, pumps or similar devices are required to start the device 1.

As in the Figs. 1 to 4 shown, it is conceivable that the main mixing space 4 and / or the premixing space 304 in their respective main direction of extent R _X2 ; R _{X302 are designed} at least in sections in the form of a continuously tapering and, in particular, tapering hyperbolic, in particular hyperboloid, funnel. In this way, the fluid guided therein is optimally flow-guided and can be accelerated in an energy-efficient manner.

In particular, it is conceivable that the quaternary fluid inlet 400 and / or the tertiary fluid inlet 300 and / or the secondary fluid inlet 200 and / or the primary fluid inlet 100 and / or the main mixing space and / or the premixing space in their respective cross-sections along their main _{direction of extent} R X400; R _X300 ; R _X200 ; R _X100 tapering from an inlet end with a large diameter to an outlet end with a small diameter and in particular in the form of a tapering hyperbolic, in particular hyperboloid, funnel.

In addition, it is conceivable that at least one of the inlets 400; 300; 200; 100 or spaces 4, 304 is designed to be rotated and / or to define a rotated flow path for the fluid guided therein. It is conceivable to provide at least one electrical conduction, in particular electrical conduction, for the fluid flow, for example in the form of a hyperbolic installation and in particular a hyperbolic spiral, in order to force the guided fluid into a spiral flow and in particular a logarithmically decreasing hyperbolic spiral path. Such an embodiment is for example in Fig. 6 shown. The current conducting guides 16 are designed here in the form of projections on the wall 14, which extend at least in sections in a spiral shape along the wall 14 of the main mixing chamber 4. Such current conducting guides 16 can also be provided in the premixing chamber 302 and / or in fluid line means 110. In addition, it is conceivable to provide such current conducting guides 16 in the nozzles 10 and 310, respectively. It is also possible to rotate at least one chamber and / or at least one inlet, for example the main mixing chamber 2 or the premixing chamber 302, and in particular to twist it about the axis Ax, i.e. the main axis of extension, so that a spiral flow path is formed one Conducting current results. This flow path is preferably designed to decrease logarithmically in its slope. Optionally, the current conduction guide is designed in such a way that it forces the guided fluid into a spiral flow and, in particular, a logarithmically decreasing, hyperbole-like spiral path.

The main _{direction of extent} R X400; R _X300 ; R _X200 ; R _{X100 optionally form the main flow directions of} the fluids carried there.

As mentioned, a nozzle 10 is located at the outlet end 8 of the main mixing chamber 2. A similar nozzle 310 can optionally be located at the outlet end 308 of the premixing chamber 302. This nozzle can have the shape of a hyperbolic and, in particular, hyperboloidal diffuser. In addition, it is conceivable that the nozzle 10, 310 or the area at the outlet end 8; 308 of the respective chamber as a Laval nozzle. The nozzle 8 is optional; 308 designed in such a way that it rectifies the eddy flow of the fluid that is guided in the main mixing chamber 2 or the premixing chamber 302 and / or generates a high, as high as possible outflow velocity. Analogous to the geometry of the main mixing chamber 2 or the premixing chamber 302, the nozzle can, however, in particular be designed in opposite directions. It can also be rotated and / or contain corresponding guide elements for guiding the flow. The current conduction guide is optionally designed for flow rectification in order to rectify a flow guided there. In particular, it is conceivable to design the nozzle in such a way that the eddy flow emerging from the main mixing chamber is laminarized and accelerated.

As in particular in the Fig. 1 , 3 and 4 As shown, the premixing chamber 302 optionally has a closure part 312 which closes the premixing space 304 at an inlet end 306. At least one secondary fluid inlet 200 and / or the at least one primary fluid inlet 100 can be provided on this closure part 312. In addition, the nozzle 310, which _{widens in cross section in the main direction of extent} R X302, is optionally provided at the outlet end of the mixing space 304.

In this exemplary embodiment, the main mixing chamber 2 and the premixing chamber 302 are optionally designed as a fractal vortex tube arrangement. The main mixing chamber optionally corresponds in particular to the geometry of the premixing chamber and vice versa, with different dimensions being implemented. Theoretically, it is conceivable to provide at least one further appropriately designed premixing chamber (not shown) as primary fluid inlet 100, which is designed according to premixing chamber 302 but with smaller dimensions. This fractal formation of interconnected chambers can in principle be continued in multiple stages, the upstream vortex tube or the upstream chamber being selected to be smaller in its geometry than the following chamber in the flow direction.

In particular, in order to improve the Venturi vortex tube effect, the quaternary fluid inlet and / or the secondary fluid inlet are optionally designed to be in fluid communication with the atmosphere. In addition, it is conceivable that the quaternary fluid and / or the secondary fluid are air.

The embodiments of the fluid mixing device shown here optionally go through the following steps during operation and in particular during the mixing and / or acceleration of fluids. In a first step, a primary fluid 100 is fed via the tangential primary fluid inlet 100 into the premixing space 304 of the premixing chamber 302, so that a vortex flow is formed in the premixing space 304, with a secondary fluid being conveyed into the premixing space 304 via the secondary fluid inlet 200 through a Venturi effect, among other things . During this conveyance, a primary fluid-secondary fluid mixture is formed, which can be referred to as a tertiary fluid. The primary fluid can optionally be supplied via a primary fluid pressure reservoir 104 and / or a primary fluid pump.

The tertiary fluid formed in the premixing chamber 302 is fed to the main mixing chamber 4 of the main mixing chamber 2 via the tangentially arranged tertiary fluid inlet 300, so that a vortex flow is formed again in the main mixing chamber 4. The quaternary fluid is conveyed into the main mixing chamber 4 via the quaternary fluid inlet 400 through a venturi effect, so that a tertiary fluid-quaternary fluid mixture is formed, which leaves _{the main mixing chamber 4 at the outlet end 8 as a quintary fluid, in particular in the direction of R X500.}

As in Fig. 1 shown, the tertiary fluid introduced into the main mixing chamber 4 and the quaternary fluid mixed with it pass through the main mixing chamber 4 along the main _{flow direction R X2} in a spiral path, which is shown here by the dashed arrow R 'X500. _{Optionally, this spiral path is changed by means of corresponding flow guide guides} in the nozzle and in particular changed in a logarithmically decreasing manner, so that a changed spiral path R ″ X500 results. This results in a particularly effective laminarization and acceleration of the eddy flow emerging from the main mixing chamber 2.

The fluid supply of the fluid mixing device takes place optionally via a pressure fluid reservoir. Instead of or in addition to a pressurized fluid store, a pressureless fluid store for gaseous or liquid fluids can also be used, with an optional additional compressor and in particular a fluid pump then being provided. This fluid pump optionally generates a higher fluid pressure than prevails in the fluid supply line for the respective fluid inlet. The same optionally applies to the pressure in the fluid reservoir.

As in particular in Fig. 1 and 2 shown, it is conceivable that at least one inlet and / or at least one chamber 2; 302 and in particular the primary fluid inlet 100 and / or the secondary fluid inlet 200 have at least one fluid line means 102 and in particular at least one primary fluid line means 102 or secondary fluid line means, via which they are in fluid connection with a fluid reservoir 104 or a fluid pump.

In a particular embodiment, at least one section of the primary fluid line means 102 and / or secondary fluid line means has at least one fluid temperature control means 106. In the embodiment shown here in Fig. 2 For example, the fluid temperature control means 106 is designed as a heat exchanger 106 assigned to the main mixing chamber 2. This includes in particular at least one fluid line 110 running in the wall 14 of the main mixing chamber 2. This fluid line 110 is optionally routed from the nozzle 10 to the inlet end 6 at least in sections in the wall 14 of the main mixing chamber 2, with the main mixing chamber 4 is in thermal coupling. As soon as the main mixing chamber 4 has a higher temperature than the guided primary fluid, the primary fluid is heated, which at the same time leads to a cooling of the wall 14 or the nozzle 10. It is conceivable to design the fluid temperature control means 106 and in particular the heat exchanger 106 described here in such a way that the fluid guided therein changes its physical state and in particular a liquid physical state to a gaseous physical state.

As in Fig. 2 As shown, it is optionally possible to lead the fluid line 110 spirally in or on the wall of the main mixing chamber or on the wall of the main mixing chamber, preferably from the nozzle to the area of the main mixing chamber with in particular the closure means. A guide in or on the closure means is also conceivable. For fluid temperature control, the fluid reservoir 104 is optionally fed via the fluid line 102 to the nozzle 10 or in the inlet area 8 to the main mixing chamber 2, where the fluid and in particular the primary fluid runs in a spiral around the main mixing chamber 4 and is guided to the closure part 12. From there, the fluid is fed to the primary fluid inlet 100 via a further fluid line means 102. In addition to the fluid temperature control, temperature control of the nozzle or the main mixing chamber wall 14 is optionally achieved.

Optionally, it is conceivable that the tertiary fluid inlet 300 and / or the primary fluid inlet 100 have at least one valve means 108 in order to stop and / or enable the supply of the fluid conveyed therein and / or to regulate the supply quantity. As already mentioned, in this way primary fluid can optionally only be fed to the premixing chamber 304 via the valve means 108 when sufficient primary fluid pressure has built up. In this way it is ensured that a Venturi vortex tube effect and in particular the suction of the secondary fluid via the secondary fluid inlet 200 takes place without the secondary fluid having to be actively conveyed. The same applies to a valve means in front of the main mixing chamber 2.

An active delivery of the quaternary fluid and / or the primary fluid via the respective inlet 400 is, of course, also optional; 200 can be implemented, for example using appropriate pressure reservoirs or feed pumps.

Fig. 5 shows an embodiment in which the tertiary _{fluid inlet 300 is optionally designed to be pivotable about a pivot axis A S300 running orthogonally to the main flow direction R X2} in the confluent chamber 4, here the main mixing chamber 4, in a pivot direction counter to the main _{flow direction R X2} in a range of 90 to 150 degrees is. This pivotability is shown here by the premixing chamber 2 shown in full lines and the premixing chamber 302, shown in broken lines, pivoted by the angle α. In the pivoted state, however, the tertiary _{fluid is introduced tangentially further in the direction of the main flow direction R X2 of} the main mixing chamber 2 and to that extent the fluid flow is accelerated, in particular in the outlet region of the chamber.

The pivot angle α is represented here by the pivot angle α ₁ of 90 degrees and the further pivot angle of α ₂ with 150 degrees, always starting from the main axis of extension Ax. The Venturi vortex tube effect and the flow velocity in the axial direction, in particular in the direction R _{X500 of} the fluid mixing device, can be influenced via the size of the pivoting angle. The axial pivot angle α can be varied for variable thrust control.

As already mentioned, the inlets 400; 300; 200; 100 and / or the chambers are provided in the form of hyperbole-like funnels, as a result of which an improved fluid flow and in particular in the case of the quaternary and secondary inlets 400; 200 an improved fluid suction compared to a simple aperture opening is achieved. This naturally applies to the case in which the quaternary fluid inlet 400 or the secondary fluid inlet 200 is connected to the atmosphere.

An example is in Fig. 5 shown that the tertiary fluid / quaternary fluid mixture located in the main _{mixing chamber 2} can be fed as a quintary fluid to a turbine 500 along the main flow direction R X500.

Also shows Fig. 5 an embodiment in which, for example, the closure part 12 is designed as an independent component and in the area of a joining edge 18 to the an end wall 14 of the main mixing chamber 2 adjoins it. Fig. 1 In contrast, shows an example of an integrally formed closure part 12.

Reference number

α1

Swivel angle

α2

Swivel angle

As300

Swivel axis

D6

diameter

Ds

diameter

Rx2

Main direction of extent or main direction of flow

Rx302

Main direction of extent or main direction of flow

Rx400

Main direction of extent or main direction of flow

Rx300

Main direction of extent or main direction of flow

Rx200

Main direction of extent or main direction of flow

RX100

Main direction of extent or main direction of flow

Rx500

Main direction of extent or main direction of flow

R'x500

Direction of flow

R "x500

Direction of flow

1

Fluid mixing device

2

Main mixing chamber

4th

Main mixing room

6th

Inlet end

8th

Outlet end

10

jet

12th

Locking part

14th

Wall

16

Electrical wiring

18th

Joining edge

100

Primary fluid inlet

102

Primary fluid line means

104

Fluid reservoir

106

Fluid temperature control medium or heat exchanger

108

Valve means

110

Fluid line

200

Secondary fluid inlet

300

Tertiary fluid inlet

302

Premixing chamber

304

Premixing room

306

Inlet end

308

Outlet end

310

jet

312

Locking part

400

Quaternary fluid inlet

500

turbine

Claims (13)

1. A fluid mixing machine (1) and particularly a continuously operating and fluid-respiring fluid mixing machine (1), comprising at least one main mixing chamber (2) with at least one main mixing space (4), the cross section of which narrows along a main direction of extent (R_x2) from an inlet end (6) with a large diameter (D₆) to an outlet end (8) with a small diameter (D₈), in which at the outlet end (8) a nozzle (10) the cross section of which widens in the main direction of extent (R_x2) in the main direction of extent (R_x2) is provided and in which at the inlet end (6)a locking part (12) is provided that locks the main mixing space (2) in particular at the front, wherein the locking end (12) has the following:

   at least one quaternary fluid inlet(400) flowing in particular axially into the main mixing space (4), in order to convey at least one quaternary fluid to the main mixing space (4),and

   at least one tertiary fluid inlet(300) flowing tangentially into the main mixing space (4), in order to convey tangentially to the main mixing space (4) at least one tertiary fluid, in which the tertiary fluid inlet(300) has at least one pre-mixing chamber (302), with a pre-mixing space (304) the cross section of which narrows along a main direction of extent (R_x300) from an inlet end (306), with a large diameter, to an outlet end (308), with a small diameter, and in which the pre-mixing chamber(302)has the following:

   at least one secondary flow inlet (200) flowing in particular axially into the pre-mixing space (304), in order to convey at least one secondary fluid to the main mixing space (304) and

   at least one primary fluid inlet (100) flowing tangentially into the pre-mixing space (304), in order to convey at least one primary fluid to the pre-mixing space (304).
2. The fluid mixing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that
   the quaternary fluid inlet (400) and the tertiary fluid inlet (300) and/or the secondary fluid inlet (200) and the primary fluid inlet (100) are so arranged in a complementary manner to one another that a Venturi vortex pipe effect is formed in the main mixing chamber (2) or in the pre-mixing chamber (302).
3. The fluid mixing machine according to one of the preceding claims,

   characterized in that

   the quaternary fluid inlet (400) and/or the secondary fluid inlet (200) are connected fluidly with the atmosphere and/or the quaternary fluid and/or the secondary fluid are air.
4. The fluid mixing machine according to one of the preceding claims,

   characterized in that

   the respective main direction of extent (R_x2; R_x302) of the main mixing space (4) and/or of the pre-mixing space (304) is executed at least in sections in the form of a funnel that narrows constantly and particularly in the form of a hyperbolically narrowing funnel.
5. The fluid mixing machine according to one of the preceding claims,

   characterized in that

   the respective cross section of the quaternary fluid inlet (400) and/or of the tertiary fluid inlet (300) and/or of the secondary fluid inlet (200) and/or of the primary fluid inlet (100) is configured narrowingly along the main direction of extent (R_x400; R_x300; R_x100) thereof from an inlet end with a large diameter to an outlet end with a small diameter and is particularly configured in the form of a narrowing hyperbolic funnel.
6. The fluid mixing machine according to one of the preceding claims,

   characterized in that

   the nozzle (10) is configured as a convergent-divergent Laval nozzle and/or has at least one current supply conduit, particularly a spiral current supply conduit in order to force the conveyed fluid into a spiral flow path, in particular with a gradient decreasing in the direction of the flow.
7. The fluid mixing machine according to one of the preceding claims,

   characterized in that

   the primary fluid inlet (100) and/or the secondary fluid inlet (200) have primary fluid conveying means (102) or secondary fluid conveying means via which they are fluidly connected to the fluid pressure reservoir or to a fluid pump, wherein

   at least one section of the primary fluid conveying means (102) and/or of the secondary fluid conveying means has at least one fluid temperature control means (106), for example a heat exchanger (106) associated with the main mixing chamber (2), in particular comprising at least one fluid line (110) running in or on a wall (14) of the main mixing chamber (2).
8. The fluid mixing machine according to one of the preceding claims,

   characterized in that

   the tertiary fluid inlet (300) and/or the primary fluid inlet (100) have at least one valve means (108) in order to stop and permit the flow of the fluid conveyed therein and/or to regulate the conveyed amount of fluid.
9. The fluid mixing machine according to one of the preceding claims,

   characterized in that

   in the quaternary fluid inlet (400) and/or tertiary fluid inlet (300) and/or secondary fluid inlet (200)and/or primary fluid inlet (100) and/or main mixing space and/or pre-mixing space at least one flow supply conduit is provided that define a flow path turned in itself for the conveyed fluid, for example in the form of a hyperbolic coil in order to force the conveyed fluid into a spiral flow and particularly a logarithmically decreasing hyperbolic spiral path.
10. The fluid mixing machine according to one of the preceding claims,

    characterized in that

    the tertiary fluid inlet (300) and/or the primary fluid inlet (100) is configured in a swivelable manner around a swivel axis (A_s300; A_s100) running orthogonally to the respective main flow direction (R_x2; R_x302) in the inflowing chamber (4; 304) in a swivel direction contrary to the main flow direction (R_x2; R_x302) in a range of 90° to 150°.
11. The fluid mixing machine according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the pre-mixing chamber (302) has a locking part locking the pre-mixing space (304) at an inlet end (306) and at which the at least one secondary flow inlet (200) and at least the one primary flow inlet (100) are provided and/or at one outlet end (308) of the mixing space (304) a nozzle (310) is provided the diameter of which extends along a main direction of extent (R_x302) .
12. The fluid mixing machine according to one of the preceding claims,

    characterized in that

    the main mixing chamber (2) and the pre-mixing chamber (302) have a fractal vortex tube arrangement.
13. A method for operating a fluid mixing machine according to one of claims 1 to 12, comprising the following steps:

    conveying a primary fluid (100) via the tangential primary fluid inlet (100) into the pre-mixing space (304) of the pre-mixing chamber (302), so that in the pre-mixing space (304) a vortex flow is formed, in which through a Venturi effect via the secondary fluid inlet (200) a secondary fluid is conveyed into the pre-mixing space (304) and a tertiary fluid is formed through a primary fluid-secondary fluid mixture;

    conveying the tertiary fluid via the tangential tertiary fluid inlet (300) to the main mixing space (4) of the main mixing chamber (2), so that a vortex flow is formed in the main mixing space(4), in which through a Venturi effect via the quaternary fluid inlet (400) a quaternary fluid is conveyed to the main mixing space (4), in which a tertiary fluid-quaternary fluid mixture is formed and is dispensed at the outlet end (8) of the main mixing space (4) as quinary fluid.

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