EP3642894A1

EP3642894A1 - Method for producing electrodes by means of binder fibrillation

Info

Publication number: EP3642894A1
Application number: EP18756376.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Harald Bauer; Bernd Reinsch; Wolfgang Weydanz; Leonore Glanz; Calin Iulius WURM
Original assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH; GS Yuasa International Ltd
Current assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH; GS Yuasa International Ltd
Priority date: 2017-08-02
Filing date: 2018-07-30
Publication date: 2020-04-29
Also published as: CN111033813A; CN111033813B; WO2019025336A1; DE102017213403A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing an electrode (E) for an electrochemical cell, in particular for a battery cell, for example for a lithium cell. In order to produce a homogeneous mixture enabling, for example by dry coating, an electrode (E) with improved properties and/or with a layer thickness significantly greater than 100 μm, for example for car batteries, in particular for electric and/or hybrid vehicles, to be produced in a time-saving and cost-effective manner, at least one binding agent (B) and at least one electrode component (E1) are mixed in a mixing process with a high shear load to form a mixture (fB+E1) containing a fibrillated binding agent, and at least one other electrode component (E2) is then added to the mixture (fB+E1) containing the fibrillated binding agent by the mixing process with a lower shear load. The invention also relates to a thus produced electrode (E) and to a cell equipped with said type of electrode (E).

Description

description

title

Electrode production process by binder fibrillation

The present invention relates to a method for producing an electrode for an electrochemical cell, in particular for a battery cell, an electrode produced thereby and an electrochemical cell equipped with such an electrode.

State of the art

Batteries, for example based on lithium cells or sodium cells, such as lithium-ion cells or sodium-ion cells, offer for mobile and stationary applications a very high potential for energy saving and local avoidance of emissions.

Conventionally, the electrodes of lithium cells by

Wet coating process produced. In this case, usually the

Electrode components mixed with at least one solvent to a (viscous) liquid slurry or slurry, from which then, for example by means of a slot die, a doctor blade or a roller application, a layer or coating is formed.

In order to remove the at least one solvent, the layers or coatings must be dried slowly and controlled in long drying tunnels. However, this leads to a long

Production time and high production costs, for example in the form of energy costs for drying and provision, recovery and / or catalytic combustion of the at least one solvent. In addition, only electrodes with a limited layer thickness, for example of up to 100 μm, can be produced by wet coating methods. However, for large batteries, such as those needed in electric vehicles, thicker electrodes would be desirable.

US 2015/0303481 A1, WO 2005/008807 A2 (EP 1 644 136 A2), WO 2005/049700 A1, US Pat. No. 4,556,618, US Pat. No. 4,379,772, US Pat. No. 4,354,958, US Pat.

US 3,898,099 and US 6,335,857 Bl relate to processes for making electrodes.

Disclosure of the invention

The present invention relates to a method for producing an electrode, for example an anode and / or a cathode, for an electrochemical cell. In this case, the method can be used in particular for producing an electrode, for example an anode and / or a cathode, for a battery cell, in particular for a lithium cell or for a sodium cell or for a metal-air cell, for example for a lithium cell. Ion cell and / or lithium metal cell or for a sodium ion cell.

In particular, the method for producing an electrode,

for example, an anode and / or a cathode, for a lithium cell, for example, for a lithium-ion cell and / or lithium-metal cell designed.

In the process, in particular in a process step a), at least one, in particular polymeric, binder and at least one

Electrode component by a mixing process with a high

Shear stress mixed into a mixture containing fibrillated binder.

In the process, in particular in a process step b), the mixture containing the fibrillated binder is (in particular)

Process step a), at least one further electrode component mixed by a mixing process with a low shear stress. By the mixing process with a high shear stress, in particular a shear stress can be realized, which is higher than that through the

Blending process with a low shear stress is realized shear stress and by which a fibrillation of the at least one binder can be achieved. Therefore, the mixing process with a high shear stress

in particular also be referred to as a mixing process with a higher shear stress.

By the mixing process with a low shear stress in particular a shear stress can be realized, which is lower than the shear stress realized by the mixing process with a high shear stress. Therefore, the mixing process with a low shear stress can be referred to in particular as a mixing process with a lower shear stress.

A mixing process with a high shear stress can in particular be understood as a mixing process in which particles are moved relative to each other, in particular without lubricant, such as liquid, in particular high shear stresses at high velocity gradients of particles to each other and / or from particles to a wall of the mixer occur. The particles can under high shear loads

especially break through, for example, just break through. For example, a mixing process with a high shear stress can be done by

Blasting method, in particular by a jet mill, and / or carried out by a three-roll chair and / or by a two-screw extruder.

Under a mixing process with a low shear load can

In particular, a mixing process can be understood, in which material flows are entangled with each other, in particular wherein between the particles to each other and / or of particles to a wall of the mixer only small

Speed gradients and thus low shear loads occur. In this case, the particles can receive their shape under low shearing loads in particular and / or only rubbed off. For example, a low shear mixing process by a ploughshare and / or paddle mixer, also called a paddle mixer, and / or by a static mixer, for example, based on expansive flows - zi -

Example, by a sequence of extensions and constrictions in a channel system, and / or performed by a free-fall mixer.

By the mixing process with a high shear load, for example by a jet mill (Jet Mill), the at least one binder, for example by relative movement and / or impact / shooting on particles of at least one electrode component, be fibrillated. In this case, the at least one binder in particular to long fibrils (binder threads) are formed. The fibrils (binder threads) of the at least one fibrillated binder can then be applied to the surface of the at least one

Electrode component to be connected distributed. This allows an electrode to dry from the resulting mixture

Manufacturing process, ie a manufacturing process, such as a

Coating process, which / s uses no solvent, for example by dry coating, form. This allows electrodes with a

Layer thickness of significantly more than 100 pm, for example for vehicle batteries, for example for electric vehicles and / or hybrid vehicles and / or plug-in hybrid vehicles, and / or for stationary storage batteries, in a time-saving and cost-effective manner - and in particular without the use of

combustible, toxic and / or carcinogenic solvents.

Due to the mixing process with a high shear stress, however, the at least one electrode component is heavily mechanically stressed.

For example, in high shear mixing processes, such as Jet Mill, soft, brittle, brittle and coated electrode components, such as relatively soft, ply intercalated graphite, and / or as anode active material may be used

Anode-active, brittle and / or brittle storage alloys, such as silicon and / or tin alloys, and / or coated anode components serving as anode active material or cathode active material, for example in the form of particles having a particle core and a particle shell surrounding the particle core (core shell Particles), and / or in the form of

Gradient material particles are affected and / or changed by the mechanical forces acting on it. Under gradient material particles can be understood in particular particles which are within the particle and / or from the surface

or have varying properties and / or a material gradient from the edge of the particle to the core of the particle.

By means of mixing processes with high shear loads, for example, soft, brittle and / or brittle electrode components can be comminuted and / or ground, which results in a reduction of their average

Particle size and / or possibly also a change of their

Particle shape can result.

This in turn, on the one hand, for example in the case of intercalation graphite and / or memory alloys, to a reduction of their reversible storage capacity and / or to an increase of irreversible losses by, in particular reinforced, cover layer formations, for example by bonding lithium to the surface, in the first start up the cell.

On the other hand, by creating small-particle particles and / or changing the particle shape, for example in the spherical graphite particles by shearing along the Graphitgleitebenchen in platelet-shaped

Graphite particles are converted properties such as the morphology of the electrode, for example, their porosity, and thus, among other things, for example, their wetting behavior, current carrying capacity and / or capacity and their surface structure and reactivity are adversely affected.

In addition, by mixing processes with high shear loads, for example, functional and / or protective particle cover layers of

coated electrode components, for example in the form of particles having a particle core and a particle shell surrounding the particle core (core

Shell particles), and / or gradient material particles are destroyed. This can likewise lead to a reduction in their reversible storage capacity and / or to an increase in irreversible losses due to, in particular reinforced, surface layer formations, for example due to binding of lithium on their surface, during the first startup of the cell and a negative

Affect the long-term stability. Dividing into at least two separate mixing stages advantageously makes it possible for the individual in the individual mixing stages

Use electrode components according to their properties and / or their functionality. For example, mechanically stable

Electrode components and / or serving as a conductive additive or conductive agent electrode components whose functionality even with small average particle sizes still given and may be particularly advantageous in the mixing process with a high shear stress and / or mechanically sensitive electrode components and / or as

Electrode active electrode components whose functionality may be affected by comminution, be used in the mixing process with low shear stress.

Because at least one electrode component is used in the mixing process with a high shear load, the fibrillation of the at least one binder can also advantageously be effected by a material which fulfills a function in the electrode to be produced, which can advantageously affect the specific energy density.

Thus, a homogeneous mixture can be produced, in particular in which of the at least one binder, for example all, particles of the at least one electrode component and the at least one other

Electrode component, from which, for example, by a dry manufacturing process and / or by coating, for example by dry coating, for example a Stromableiters or a carrier substrate, an electrode, for example an anode or a cathode, with improved properties and / or (also) with a layer thickness of significantly more than 100 μm, for example for vehicle batteries,

For example, for electric vehicles and / or hybrid vehicles and / or plug-in hybrid vehicles, and / or for stationary storage batteries, can be produced in a time-saving and cost-effective manner.

The at least one electrode component and / or the at least one further electrode component may, for example, at least one conductive additive, in particular for improving the electrical conductivity, and / or at least one electrode active material, in particular for energy storage, for example for the storage of lithium, and / or surface-coated particles and / or gradient material particles include or be formed therefrom.

For example, the at least one electrode component and / or the at least one further electrode component at least one

Conducting carbon, for example Leitgraphit and / or at least one amorphous lead carbon, in particular in the form of non-porous carbon particles such as Leitruß, and / or carbon fibers (English: Carbon Fibers) and / or

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and / or graphene and / or expanded graphite, and / or at least one conductive metal, for example silicon and / or tin and / or another metal and / or an alloy, for example in the form of a metallic powder, and / or at least one anode active material and / or at least one cathode active material, for example at least one intercalation material and / or insertion material and / or recombination material, in particular at least one lithium or sodium intercalation and / or insertion and / or recombination material , for example, intercalation graphite and / or at least one amorphous carbon capable of insertion and / or intercalation, for example Hard

Carbons and / or soft carbon, and / or at least one memory alloy, for example at least one lithium memory alloy, for example a silicon and / or tin alloy, in particular as anode active material, and / or at least one metal oxide and / or phosphate, for example

Silica, in particular for the formation of an anode active material or as

Anode active material, and / or at least one metal oxide, for example at least one layer oxide and / or at least one spinel, for example at least one nickel and / or cobalt and / or manganese oxide, for example lithium nickel and / or Cobalt and / or manganese oxide, and / or at least one metal phosphate, for example at least one iron and / or manganese and / or cobalt phosphate, for example at least one lithium iron and / or manganese and or cobalt phosphate, for example based on the formula: LiMP0 ₄ with M = Fe, Mn and / or Co, in particular as

Cathode active material, and / or at least one Leitzusatz- electrode active material composite, for example at least one Leitzusatz -

Anode active material composite or conductive additive cathode active material composite, for example at least one carbon electrode active material composite, for example at least one carbon anode active material composite or at least one carbon cathode active material composite, for example at least one carbon metal phosphate composite, for example in the form of conductive coated, for example carbon coated,

Electrode active material particles, in particular anode active material particles or cathode active material particles, for example in the form of

carbon-coated metal phosphate particles, and / or

Surface-coated particles, for example particles with a particle core and a particle shell surrounding the particle core, so-called core-shell particles, and / or gradient material particles comprise or be formed therefrom.

Expanded graphite may, in particular, be understood as meaning a material which is produced by expansion of graphite and serves to provide graphene and / or comprises graphene.

A recombination material may, in particular, be understood to mean an active material whose mode of action is based on a recombination and / or phase conversion reaction, such as, for example, Li + Al-> LiAl.

In particular, insertion and / or hard carbon can be used

intercalation capable, in particular more stable, amorphous carbons are understood, in particular which are non-graphitizable and as

Anode active material can be used.

In particular, insertions and / or

intercalation capable, in particular more stable, amorphous carbons are understood, in particular which are graphitizable and can be used as anode active material.

The mixing process with a high shear stress, especially in

Process step a), in particular by a jet mill (English: Jet Mill) and / or by a three-roll chair and / or by a two-screw extruder and / or by a fluidized bed counter-jet mill and / or a ball mill and / or a Mortar mill and / or a rolling mill (so-called rolling) and / or a tablet press done

or carried out. The high shear forces can be achieved, for example, by a relative movement of the at least one

Electrode component against the at least one fibril forming, in particular polymeric binder are formed. Particularly simply, the relative movement of the materials to each other can be realized by a rolling mill and / or a tablet press.

In the mixing process with a high shear rate, especially in

Process step a), the use of a suitable

Particle size distribution of at least one binder and the individual electrode components of advantage. In particular, the at least one electrode component may have a larger average particle size than the at least one binder.

In the context of a further embodiment, the mixing process takes place at a high shear rate, in particular in process step a), by a jet mill (English: Jet Mill) or is thereby carried out. A jet mill can advantageously achieve a homogeneous distribution of the at least one binder on the at least one electrode component in a particularly simple and time-saving manner. In a jet mill in particular a gas, for example air, with a very high

Speed, which can reach up to the speed of sound, used for mixing components. The actual mixing process can advantageously take only about 1-2 seconds and have very high shear forces and thus a very high shear stress result. As a result, a very good and rapid fibrillation of the at least one binder can advantageously be achieved. Due to the very high mechanical stress associated with the very high shear stress and, for example, destruction effects, when using a jet mill for the

Mixing process with a high shear stress, the embodiments discussed above and below with regard to the use of at least one electrode component, for example, with a high mechanical stability and / or a possible shredding-independent functionality in the

Mixing process with a high shear stress and at least one other electrode component, for example, with a larger Sensitivity and / or a shredding-dependent functionality, in the mixing process with a low shear stress of particular interest.

The jet mill is preferably operated in such a way that the at least one electrode material is not or at least minimally or possibly only controlled damaged. For example, the jet mill can be operated with a minimum necessary speed and / or residence time for application of the at least one binder. The operating conditions for the jet mill can be determined, for example, by test series. In this case, the nature of the at least one electrode component can be investigated, for example, by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

In the mixing process with a high shear stress, in particular at least one electrode component for fibrillation of the at least one binder can be used, which, in particular in the mixing process with a high shear stress or under the conditions of

Mixing process with a high shear stress, mechanically stable than the, in particular in the mixing process with a low shear stress to be mixed, at least one further electrode component and / or their mechanical stress and, for example, crushing no or less adverse effects on the functioning of a so equipped electrode as the , especially in the mixing process with a low

Shear load to be mixed, at least one further electrode component. In this case, mechanical stressing or comminution of the at least one electrode component in the mixing process with a high shear stress can be tolerated in particular and / or the at least one electrode component can serve as sacrificial material.

In the subsequent separate mixing process with a low

Shear stress can then be at least one further electrode component, which - for example due to their mechanical stability and / or a sensitive coating - less mechanically stable or more sensitive / sensitive than those in the mixing process with a high

Shear stress mixed at least one electrode component is homogeneously incorporated with a lower mechanical stress in the mixture containing the fibrillated binder. In one embodiment, the at least one

Electrode component, especially in the mixing process with a high shear stress or under the conditions of the mixing process with a high shear stress, mechanically stable than the at least one further electrode component and / or the functionality of the at least one electrode component less, in particular by the mixing process with a high shear stress or under the conditions of the mixing process with a high shear stress and / or by a mechanical load, for example comminution, impaired as the functionality of the at least one further electrode component. Thus, the individual electrode components can be advantageously used according to their properties and / or their functionality.

A higher mechanical stability and / or a smaller impairment of the functionality of the at least one electrode component with respect to the at least one further electrode component can be realized in various ways.

Within the scope of a further embodiment, for example, the at least one electrode component, for example in the case of spherical particles, has an average particle size, in particular primary particle size, of

<10 μηη and / or, for example in the case of fibrous and / or tubular particles, an average particle length, for example average fiber length and / or tube length, of <10 μηη and / or, for example in the case of platelet-shaped particles, an average particle diameter of < 10 μηη on or is used with a / such. For example, the at least one electrode component may have an average particle size, in particular primary particle size, of <8 μm, in particular of <6 μm, and / or an average particle length, for example average fiber length and / or tube length, of <8 μm, in particular of <6 μm. and / or an average particle diameter of <8 μm, in particular of

<6 μηη, or be used with a / such. Experimental investigations have shown that mixing processes with a high shear stress, for example by a jet mill, lead to a smallest achievable and thus stable average particle size or particle length, for example fiber length and / or tube length,

or particle diameter, in particular in a range of> 4 μηη to <6 μηη, lead and that particle whose particle size

or particle length, for example fiber length and / or

Tube length, or particle diameter are in this range, thereby - in particular from the physical boundary conditions of the mixer, such as the mill, and the material properties - are not further crushed.

Characterized in that the at least one electrode component a

average particle size or average

Particle length, for example average fiber length and / or

Tube length, or an average

Particle diameter of <10 μηη, for example, of <8 μηη, in particular of <6 μηη, can be reduced by the mixing process with a high shear stress acting crushing effect, since the particles then usually only on an average particle size or on an average Particle length, for example, average fiber length and / or tube length, or to an average particle diameter, for example in a range of> 4 μηη to <6 μηη, crushed. In this way, a mechanical stability of the at least one electrode component in the

Mixing process can be achieved with a high shear stress.

In a special embodiment, the at least one

Electrode component has an average particle size in a range of> 0.01 μηη to <6 μηη, for example in a range of> 4 μηη to <6 μηη, and / or an average particle length, for example average fiber length and / or tube length, in a range of > 0.01 μηη to <6 μηη, for example in a range of> 4 μηη to <6 μηη, and / or an average particle diameter in a range of> 0.01 μηη to <6 μηη, for example in a range of> 4 μηη to <6 μηη, on or is used with a / such. So can the through the mixing process with a high shear stress acting on crushing effect minimized and high mechanical stability of the at least one electrode component can be achieved in the mixing process with a high shear stress.

Within the scope of a further embodiment, the at least one further electrode component, for example in the case of spherical particles, has a larger average particle size, in particular primary particle size, and / or, for example in the case of fibrous and / or tubular particles, a larger average particle length, for example a larger one average fiber length and / or tube length, and / or, for example, in the case of platelet-shaped particles, a larger average particle diameter than the at least one

Electrode component on or is used with a / such. In that the at least one electrode component has a smaller average particle size and / or a smaller average particle length, for example a smaller average fiber length and / or tube length, and / or a smaller average one

Particle diameter than the at least one further

Electrode component, the at least one electrode component with respect to the at least one further electrode component may be mechanically stable in the mixing process with a high shear rate.

For example, the at least one further electrode component may have an average particle size, in particular primary particle size, and / or an average particle length, for example an average fiber length and / or tube length, and / or an average particle size

Particle diameter of> 10 μηη or> 8 μηη or> 6 μηη have or be used with a / such. For example, the at least one further electrode component may have an average

Particle size, in particular primary particle size, of> 10 μm or> 12 μm or> 15 μm, for example in a range of> 10 μm to <20 μm, and / or an average particle length, for example an average fiber length and / or tube length, of> 10 μηη or> 12 μηη or> 15 μηη, for example in a range of> 10 μηη to <20 μηη, and / or an average particle diameter of> 10 μηη or> 12 μηη or > 15 μηι, for example in a range of> 10 pm to <20 microns, have or be used with a / such.

Characterized in that the at least one further electrode component is used in the mixing process with a low shear stress, the at least one further electrode component, for example against strong mechanical loads or comminution effects, in particular by the mixing process with a high shear stress, can be spared, which makes it possible even more sensitive or mechanically less stable materials, such as relatively soft, ply

Intercalation graphite and / or coated particles, such as core-shell particles, and / or gradient material particles, as material-friendly process.

Alternatively or in addition to the above-described gradation in

With regard to the mechanical stability between the at least one

Electrode component and the at least one other

Electrode component based on their average particle size, particle length, such as fiber length and / or tube length, and / or particle diameter, the at least one electrode component in view of a smaller impairment of their functionality by the

Blending process can be selected with a high shear stress with respect to the at least one further electrode component.

In the context of a further embodiment, for example, the at least one electrode component comprises at least one conductive additive, in particular for improving the electrical conductivity, or is formed therefrom. In particular, the at least one electrode component may comprise or be formed from at least one conductive carbon and / or at least one conductive metal.

The functionality of conductive additives, in particular for improving the electrical conductivity, for example of conductive carbon, for example Leitgraphit and / or amorphous Leitkohlenstoffen such Leitruß, and / or

Carbon fibers (English: Carbon Fibers) and / or carbon nanotubes (CNT) and / or graphene and / or expanded

Graphite, and / or lead metals, is characterized by a high mechanical load and / or by comminution usually significantly less impaired than, for example, the functionality of electrode active materials,

in particular for energy storage, for example for the storage of lithium, for example of anode active materials and / or

Cathode active materials, for example intercalation and / or insertion and / or recombination materials, such as intercalated graphite and / or insertable and / or intercalatable amorphous carbons, such as hard carbon and / or soft carbon, and / or memory alloys. In addition, by a deposition of conductive additives, such as conductive carbon, such as lead graphite and / or Leitruß, a deagglomeration and the subsequent

Fibrillation of at least one binder can be supported advantageously.

Within the scope of an embodiment of this embodiment, the at least one electrode component comprises conductive graphite or is formed therefrom. Lead graphite has a smaller average particle size, for example, in one

Range of> 4 μηη to <10 μηη, as well as a lower reversible

Storage capacity and / or a higher reactive surface and thus a higher irreversible capacity loss in the first Lithiierung

or when commissioning the cell as for example

Intercalation graphite and therefore is not optimal for the intercalation of lithium. The at least one electrode component used in the highly mechanically stressing process step, in particular in process step a), can be, for example, a lead graphite which is marketed under the trade name KS4 and / or KS6 by Imerys (Timcal) or under another name

Trade name is sold by another manufacturer.

In the context of a further, alternative or additional embodiment of this embodiment, the at least one electrode component comprises amorphous conductive carbon, in particular in the form of nonporous carbon particles, or is formed therefrom. For example, the at least one

Electrode component while Leitruß comprise or be formed therefrom.

In the context of a further, alternative or additional embodiment of this embodiment, the at least one electrode component comprises

Carbon fibers (English: carbon fibers) and / or carbon nanotubes

(English: Carbon Nano Tubes, CNT) or is trained from it. Carbon fibers and / or carbon nanotubes are advantageously particularly well suited for fibrillation of the at least one binder. In addition, by using carbon fibers and / or carbon nanotubes in the mixing process with a high shear load carbon fibers and / or carbon nanotubes particularly well dispersed and - possibly occurring in other mixing processes, in particular with a low shear stress - problems in the dispersion or in the homogeneous mixing of Carbon fibers and / or carbon nanotubes are dissolved. Through a jet mill carbon fibers and / or

Carbon nanotubes are particularly easy mixed or dispersed. For example, the at least one

Electrode component carbon fibers with an average

Diameter of << 1 μηη, usually of <200 nm and / or with an average particle length, such as fiber length and / or

Tube length, in a range of> 2 μηη to <200 μηη, for example from> 2 μηη to <20 μηη, and / or carbon nanotubes with a

average diameter of <50 nm, for example in a range of> 0.3 nm to <50 nm, and / or with an average particle length, for example with an average fiber length and / or tube length, in a range of> 10 nm to <50 cm, for example, from> 10 nm to <20 μηη, include or be formed from.

If, in addition, the already described mechanically stabilizing effect is to be achieved by a small average particle length, for example fiber length and / or tube length, the at least one

Electrode component, for example, carbon fibers with a

average particle length, for example, with an average fiber length and / or tube length, in a range of> 2 μηη to <10 μηη or <8 μηη or <6 μηη and / or carbon nanotubes with a

average particle length, for example, with an average fiber length and / or tube length, in a range of> 10 nm to <10 μηη or <8 μηη or <6 μηη include or be used with such. Within the scope of a further, alternative or additional embodiment of this embodiment, the at least one electrode component comprises graphene and / or expanded graphite or is formed therefrom. Within the scope of a further, alternative or additional embodiment of this

Embodiment, the at least one electrode component comprises at least one Leitzusatz- electrode active material composite, for example, at least one Leitzusatz anode active material composite or at least one Leitzusatz- cathode active material composite, for example at least one carbon electrode active material composite, such as at least one

A carbon anode active material composite or at least one carbon cathode active material composite, for example at least one carbon metal phosphate composite, in particular in the form of conductive coated electrode active material particles, for example in the form of

conductive coated anode active material particles or in the form of conductive coated cathode active material particles, for example in the form of carbon coated electrode active material particles, in the form of carbon coated anode active material particles or in the form of carbon coated cathode active material particles, for example in the form of carbon coated metal phosphate particles, in particular with an average particle size of <10 μm, for example <8 pm or <6 pm, for example <4 pm or <2 pm or <1 pm. Such composites can be processed as Leitzusatz, partially serve as active material and be mechanically stable.

In the context of a further, alternative or additional embodiment of this embodiment, the at least one electrode component comprises at least one conductive metal, for example silicon and / or tin and / or another metal and / or an alloy, for example in the form of a metallic powder, or is formed therefrom ,

In the context of a further, alternative or additional embodiment, the at least one further electrode component comprises at least one electrode active material, in particular for energy storage, for example for the storage of lithium. For example, the at least one more

Electrode component at least one anode active material and / or Cathode-active material, for example at least one Interkalationsmaterial and / or insertion material and / or recombination material, for example, at least one lithium or sodium intercalation and / or -Insertions- and / or -Rekombinationsmaterial, include or be formed therefrom.

Within the scope of an embodiment of this embodiment, the at least one further electrode component comprises intercalation graphite and / or amorphous carbon capable of insertion and / or intercalation, for example hard carbon and / or soft carbon, in particular as anode active material, or is formed therefrom. The fact that the relatively soft, intercalated graphite graphite in the mixing process with a low shear stress - and in particular not in the mixing process with a high shear stress - is mixed, can be advantageously prevented in the mixing process with a high shear stress, for example by a Jet mill, the particle size of the intercalation graphite greatly reduced and / or the intercalation graphite, for example by sliding apart of its layers, is severely damaged.

In the context of a further, alternative or additional embodiment of this embodiment, the at least one further electrode component comprises a memory alloy or is formed therefrom. In particular, the at least one further electrode component may comprise or be formed from a lithium memory alloy, for example a silicon and / or tin alloy.

In the context of a further, alternative or additional embodiment of this embodiment, the at least one further electrode component comprises at least one metal oxide and / or phosphate or is formed therefrom.

For example, the at least one further electrode component

Silica, in particular for the formation of an anode active material or as

Anode-active material, and / or at least one metal oxide, in particular at least one layer oxide and / or at least one spinel, for example at least one nickel and / or cobalt and / or manganese oxide, for example lithium-nickel and / or cobalt and / or manganese oxide, and / or at least one metal phosphate, for example at least one iron and / or manganese and / or cobalt phosphate, for example at least one lithium iron and / or manganese and / or cobalt phosphate, for example based on the formula: L1MPO4 with M = Fe, Mn and / or Co, in particular as

Cathode active material, include or be formed from.

In principle, the at least one electrode component and / or the at least one further electrode component can be spherical and / or

Aspherical particles include or be formed from.

Alternatively or in addition to the measures described above, a higher mechanical stability and / or a smaller impairment of the functionality of the at least one electrode component with respect to the at least one further electrode component by the respective

Particle shape can be adjusted.

In the context of a further, alternative or additional embodiment, the at least one electrode component comprises spherical particles or is formed therefrom. For example, the at least one electrode component can comprise or be formed from stable and / or compact, spherical particles. Spherical particles, such as MCMB (English: MesoCarbon MicroBeads), may have higher mechanical stability than aspheric particles, such as platelet-shaped graphites, such as intercalated graphites.

In the context of a further, alternative or additional embodiment, the at least one further electrode component accordingly comprises, for example, insofar as aspheric particles are to be used in the method - in particular due to the lower one already explained

mechanical stress in the mixing process with a low

Shear stress, aspheric particles.

Particle structure can be adjusted. In the context of a further, alternative or additional embodiment, the at least one electrode component is therefore free of

surface-coated particles and / or gradient material particles. For example, the at least one electrode component may be free of particles having a particle core and a particle shell surrounding the particle core, so-called core-shell particles, and / or free of gradient material particles. This can be applied in particular if the

surface-coated particles or the

Gradient material particles are known to have lower mechanical stability. In the high shear mixing process, surface coatings on particles and / or

Gradient material particles are damaged and / or destroyed. Therefore, it may be advantageous to mix them in the mixing process with a low shear stress.

Within the scope of a further, alternative or additional embodiment, therefore, the at least one further electrode component comprises

surface-coated particles, for example particles having a particle core and a particle shell surrounding the particle core, so-called core-shell particles, and / or gradient material particles.

In the context of a further, alternative or additional embodiment, the at least one electrode component is free of electrode active materials, in particular for energy storage, for example for the storage of lithium, for example free of anode active materials and / or free of

Cathode active materials. As already explained is usually the

Functionality of electrode active materials by a high mechanical load and / or by a crushing more impaired than the functionality of Leitzusätzen.

Damage and / or destruction of surface coatings on particles and / or gradient material particles and / or a

Functional impairment of electrode active materials may, however, optionally - as already explained - by a small average particle size and / or a small average particle length,

for example, a small average fiber length and / or tube length, and / or a low average particle diameter, in particular of <10 pm, for example of <8 pm, for example of <6 pm, counteracted. Thus, for example, conductive additive electrode active material composites, in particular in the form of

conductive additive coated electrode active material particles, for example

Carbon-metal phosphate composites, for example in the form of

carbon-coated metal phosphate particles, with an average particle size of <10 pm, for example of <6 pm, in particular of <4 pm or <2 pm or <1 pm, to be mechanically stable in high-shear mixing processes.

Apart from a gradation of mechanical stability and / or

Functionality impairment of the at least one electrode component with respect to the at least one further electrode component by means of average particle size and / or average particle length, for example average fiber length and / or tube length, and / or average particle diameter and / or function as Leitzusatz or as electrode active material and / or by

Particle shape and / or by means of particle structure can - especially in

Electrode components which have one or more of the above

Have properties - a gradation of mechanical stability and / or functional impairment of different

Electrode components can be difficult and can, for example, in particular only, on the basis of series of experiments with the graded electrode components and with the respective types of mixer to be used with a high shear load, for example with a jet mill or other mixer with a high shear stress, and by examining under comparable Mixing conditions produced mixtures,

For example, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and / or

Cell function tests are determined.

The at least one, in particular polymeric, binder may for example be at least one polymer which conducts lithium ions or conducts lithium ions, for example at least one polyalkylene oxide, for example polyethylene oxide (PEO), and / or at least one polyester and / or at least one

Polyacrylate and / or at least one polymethacrylate, for example Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and / or at least one polyacrylonitrile and / or at least one fluorinated and / or unfluorinated polyolefin, for example polyvinylidene difluoride (PvdF) and / or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon) and / or polyethylene (PE) and / or polypropylene (PP ), and / or a copolymer thereof, for example polyethylene oxide-polystyrene copolymer (PEO-PS)

Copolymer) and / or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), include or be formed from.

In the context of a further, alternative or additional embodiment, the at least one, in particular polymeric, binder comprises at least one polymer which conducts lithium ions or conducts lithium ions and / or a polymer

Copolymer thereof or is formed therefrom. Thus, in addition to the binding properties, a lithium ion conductivity within the electrode may advantageously be provided by the at least one binder. For example, the at least one, in particular polymeric, binder at least one polyalkylene oxide, for example polyethylene oxide, and / or at least one polyester and / or at least one polyacrylate and / or at least one polymethacrylate, for example polymethyl methacrylate, and / or at least one polyacrylonitrile and / or a Copolymer thereof, for example polyethylene oxide-polystyrene (PEO-PS copolymer) and / or acrylonitrile-butadiene

Styrene copolymer (ABS), include or be formed from. For example, the at least one, in particular polymeric, binder may comprise or be formed from at least one polyalkylene oxide, in particular polyethylene oxide, and / or a copolymer thereof.

The at least one binder can be used in particular in an amount which ensures that the at least one binder can bind to all particles of the at least one electrode component and the at least one further electrode component equally. In particular, a complete covering of the surface of the particles of the at least one electrode component and the at least one further electrode component can be avoided. Preferably, only point contacts between the at least one binder and particles of the at least one electrode component and the at least one further electrode component are formed. Thus, the largest possible surface active for the actual storage reaction can be achieved. In the context of a further, alternative or additional embodiment, based on the total weight of the electrode components of the electrode,> 0.1 wt .-% to <10 wt .-%, for example> 0.2 wt .-% to <5 wt. -% of which at least one binder is used. This has become

Achieving a uniform connection of the at least one binder to all particles of the electrode components in the form of point contacts and thus to achieve the largest possible surface active for the actual storage reaction surface proved to be advantageous.

In the context of a further, alternative or additional embodiment, based on the total weight of the electrode components of the electrode,> 0.1 wt .-% to <50 wt .-%, for example> 0.1 wt .-% to

<30 wt .-%, for example> 0.25 wt .-% to <20 wt .-%, for example> 0.5 wt .-% to <15 wt .-% or <10 wt .-% or < 5 wt .-%, of the at least one electrode component used.

In the context of a further, alternative or additional embodiment, based on the total weight of the electrode components of the electrode,> 0.1 wt .-% to <98 wt .-%, for example> 0.1 wt .-% bis

<90% by weight, for example> 0.1% by weight to <80% by weight, of the at least one further electrode component used.

In the process, for example, the at least one binder,

For example, insofar as two or more different binders are to be used, and / or the at least one electrode component, for example, insofar as two or more electrode components are to be used in the mixing process with a high shear stress, be added in several stages. For example, in the mixing process with a high

Shear stress, in particular in process step a), first a first binder and then one or more further binders are added and mixed with the at least one electrode component and / or to the at least one binder first, a first electrode component of the at least one electrode component and then a second electrode component are added and mixed by the at least one electrode component. In the context of a further embodiment, however, in particular in method step a), by a first mixing process with a high

Shear load at least one first binder and (at least) one

Electrode component to a first, fibrillated binder containing

Mixture and by at least a second mixing process with a high

Shear stress at least a second binder and (the) at least one electrode component, which may be, for example, equal to or different from the at least one electrode component used in the first mixing process, mixed to at least a second mixture containing fibrillated binder. This may be beneficial to the binder fibrillation and / or the

Binder electrode component mixing effect.

In a further, alternative or additional embodiment, in particular in method step a), by a first mixing process with a high shear stress, at least one binder, optionally at least one first binder, and a first electrode component from the at least one electrode component to a first , fibrillated binder-containing mixture and by at least one second mixing process with a high shear stress (der) at least one binder which, for example, equal to or different from the at least one used in the first mixing process

Binder, for example, at least a second binder, and a second electrode component of the at least one electrode component to at least a second, fibrillated binder-containing mixture mixed. This can have an advantageous effect on binder-electrode component mixing and / or binder fibrillation.

In the context of the above embodiments, the first and second mixture containing fibrillated binder can then be used, in particular

Process step b), are mixed with (the) at least one further electrode component by the mixing process with a low shear stress.

In a further embodiment, the method for producing an anode is designed. It can be at least one more

Electrode component, in particular at least one anode active material, such as intercalation graphite and / or insertion and / or

Intercalation capable, amorphous carbon, for example hard carbon and / or soft carbon, and / or a memory alloy, for example a lithium memory alloy, for example a silicon and / or tin alloy, and / or a metal oxide, in particular silicon oxide, include or be formed from. Based on the total weight of

Electrode components of the anode, for example,> 80 wt .-%, optionally> 90 wt .-%, of the at least one anode active material can be used.

Within the scope of an embodiment of this embodiment, based on the total weight of the electrode components of the anode, in particular in the form of the at least one electrode component,> 5% by weight to <10% by weight of the at least one conducting carbon, for example amorphous

Guide carbon, in particular Leitruß, and / or Leitgraphit and / or

Carbon fibers and / or carbon nanotubes and / or graphene and / or expanded graphite, and / or> 5 wt .-% to <10 wt .-% of the at least one conductive metal used.

In this case, in a first mixing process with a high shear stress, the at least one binder and the at least one conducting carbon, for example in the form of conductive carbon black, may contain a first fibrillated binder mixture and in a second mixing process with a high shear stress the at least one binder and the at least one Lead metal are mixed to a second mixture containing fibrillated binder.

The first fibrillated binder-containing mixture and the second fibrillated binder-containing mixture may then be blended by the low shear mixing process with the at least one anode active material, for example, intercalated graphite and / or insertable and / or intercalatable amorphous carbon, for example, hard carbon and / or soft carbon, and / or with a storage alloy, for example with a lithium storage alloy, for example with a silicon and / or - tin alloy, and / or with a metal oxide, in particular silicon oxide. In the context of a further embodiment, the method for producing a cathode is designed. It can be at least one more Electrode component, in particular at least one cathode active material, for example at least one metal oxide and / or phosphate, for example at least one metal oxide, in particular at least one layer oxide and / or at least one spinel, for example at least one nickel and / or cobalt and / or manganese Oxide, for example lithium-nickel and / or cobalt and / or manganese oxide, and / or at least one metal phosphate, for example at least one iron and / or manganese and / or cobalt phosphate, for example at least a lithium iron and / or manganese and / or cobalt phosphate, for example based on the formula: L1M PO4 with M = Fe, Mn and / or Co, include or be formed from. Based on the

Total weight of the electrode components of the cathode, for example

> 80 wt .-%, optionally> 90 wt .-%, of the at least one further electrode component, in particular of the at least one

Cathode active material used. The at least one more

Electrode component, in particular the at least one

Cathode active material, for example, an average

Particle size, for example, primary particle size, in a range of> 10 μηη to <20 μηη have.

The at least one electrode component may comprise or be at least one conductive carbon, for example conductive graphite and / or conductive carbon black.

In an embodiment of this embodiment, based on the total weight of the electrode components of the cathode,> 0.25 wt .-% to <20 wt .-%, for example> 0.5 wt .-% to <10 wt .-%, in particular

> 0.5 wt .-% to <5 wt .-%, of the at least one electrode component, for example of the at least one lead carbon, for example

Lead graphite and / or Leitruß, used.

In the context of a further, specific embodiment of this embodiment, the at least one further electrode component, in particular the at least one cathode active material, comprises at least one metal oxide,

for example at least one layer oxide and / or at least one spinel, for example at least one nickel and / or cobalt and / or manganese oxide, for example lithium-nickel and / or cobalt and / or manganese oxide, or is formed out of it. Again, this can be at least one more

Electrode component, in particular the at least one

Cathode active material, for example, an average particle size, for example, primary particle size, in a range of> 10 μηη to <20 μηη have. Based on the total weight of the electrode components of

Cathode, for example,> 50 wt .-%, for example> 70 wt .-% or> 80 wt .-% or> 85 wt .-%, optionally> 90 wt .-%, of the at least one further electrode component, for example of which at least one metal oxide is used.

As part of another, alternative or additional, special

Embodiment of this embodiment comprises the at least one

Electrode component at least one Leitzusatz, for example, at least one lead carbon, for example Leitgraphit and / or Leitruß, and / or at least one metal phosphate, for example at least one iron and / or

Manganese and / or cobalt phosphate, for example at least one lithium iron and / or manganese and / or cobalt phosphate, for example based on the formula: LiMPC with M = Fe, Mn and / or Co, for example, with an average particle size, for example primary particle size, of <10 μηη or <8 μηη or <6 μηη, for example of <4 μηη, for example of

<2 μηη or <1 μηη, and / or at least one Leitzusatz- cathode active material composite, for example at least one carbon cathode active material composite, for example at least one carbon-metal phosphate composite, for example in the form of conductive coated, for example carbon-coated, cathode active material particles, to the

Example in the form of carbon-coated metal phosphate particles, for example, with an average particle size of <10 μηη or

<8 μηη or <6 μηη, for example, of <4 μηη or <2 μηη or <1 μηη, or be formed therefrom.

Based on the total weight of the electrode components of the cathode, for example,> 0.1 wt .-% to <50 wt .-%, for example> 0.1 wt .-% to <30 wt .-%, in particular> 0.5 Wt .-% to <15 wt .-%, of the at least one electrode component, for example of the at least one conductive additive, for example conductive carbon, for example Leitgraphit and / or Leitruß and / or of the at least one metal phosphate and / or from the combination thereof, in particular from the at least one

Conductive additive cathode active material composite, for example of the at least one carbon cathode active material composite, for example of the at least one carbon metal phosphate composite, for example in the form of conductive coating, for example carbon-coated,

Cathode active material particles, for example in the form of

carbon-coated metal phosphate particles, for example with an average particle size of <10 μm or <8 μm or <6 μm, for example of <4 μm, in particular of <2 μm or <1 μm.

In another embodiment are in a, the

Mixing process with a high shear pre-mixing process with a low shear load of at least one binder and the at least one electrode component mixed into a masterbatch, which are then mixed in the mixing process with a high shear stress, in particular in process step a), to the mixture containing the fibrillated binder , The premixing process can be carried out in particular in a method step aO) preceding process step a).

Within the scope of a further embodiment, the mixing process takes place with a low shear load and / or the premixing process with a low shear load by a free-fall mixer and / or by a mixer based on the principle of turbulence, for example by expansion flows and / or pipe extensions. or by a kneader and / or by an extruder and / or by a ploughshare and / or paddle mixer (paddle mixer) and / or by a drum mixer or is carried out with it. Such mixing units can advantageously have a low shear load, for example a lower shear load than a jet mill and / or a three-roller chair and / or a two-screw extruder, in particular a smaller one

Shear load as a jet mill on which electrode components exert. Especially with mixers based on the principle of turbulence, advantageously only a small material load can occur,

For example, since no installations are required and / or none

"Contact Mixing" takes place. In the context of a further embodiment, for example in a process step c) downstream of the process step, from the mixture, in particular from process step b), which contains, for example, the at least one fibrillated binder containing at least one electrode component and the at least one further electrode component a dry manufacturing process and / or by coating, for example by

Dry coating, such as a current collector or a

Carrier substrate, an electrode, in particular an anode and / or cathode formed. From this mixture, for example, an electrode, for example in the form of a film, for example, with a defined porosity and / or thickness defined, are formed. The current collector may be, for example, a metallic arrester foil or other type of current arrester, for example an expanded metal, a mesh, a metal braid, a metallized fabric and / or a perforated or pierced or otherwise suitably prepared foil.

With regard to further technical features and advantages of the method according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the electrode according to the invention, the cell according to the invention and to the figure and the description of the figures.

Another object of the invention is an electrode, for example an anode and / or cathode, which is produced by a method according to the invention.

An electrode produced by the method according to the invention, for example anode and / or cathode, can be, for example, by means of

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigated and detected, for example, based on damage to the individual components.

With regard to further technical features and advantages of the electrode according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the method according to the invention, the cell according to the invention and to the figure and the description of the figures. Furthermore, the invention relates to an electrochemical cell, in particular a battery cell, for example a lithium cell or a sodium cell or a metal-air cell, for example a lithium-ion cell and / or lithium-metal

Cell or a sodium-ion cell, in particular a lithium cell, for example a lithium-ion cell and / or lithium-metal cell, which comprises at least one electrode according to the invention or produced according to the invention.

With regard to further technical features and advantages of the cell according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the method according to the invention, the electrode according to the invention and to the figures and the description of the figures.

drawing

Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the objects according to the invention are illustrated by the drawing and explained in the following description. It should be noted that the drawing has only descriptive character and is not intended to limit the invention in any way. 1 is a schematic flowchart for illustrating a

Embodiment of the production method according to the invention.

FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the invention

Process for producing an electrode, in particular an anode or a cathode, for an electrochemical cell, in particular for a battery cell, for example for a lithium cell.

FIG. 1 shows that optionally in an optional upstream process step aO) in a premixing process with a small amount

Shear load at least one binder B and at least one

Electrode component E1 are mixed to a premix B + E1. The at least one binder B may, for example, at least one lithium ion conductive or lithium ion conductive polymer, such as polyethylene oxide (PEO) and / or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and / or at least one fluorinated and / or unfluorinated polyolefin, such as polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and / or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE ) and / or polyethylene (PE) and / or

Polypropylene (PP), and / or a copolymer thereof.

FIG. 1 further shows that in a process step a) the at least one binder B and the at least one electrode component E1, optionally in the form of the premix from the optional upstream process step aO), in a mixing process with a high shear stress to a mixture containing fibrillated binder fB + E1 are mixed. The mixing process with a high shear rate can be done for example by a jet mill. Moreover, FIG. 1 shows that, in a method step b), at least one further electrode component E2 is admixed to the mixture fB + E1 comprising the fibrillated binder from method step a) by a mixing process with a low shear load. The at least one electrode component E1 can, in particular in the

Mixing process with a high shear stress, be mechanically stable than the at least one further electrode component E2 and / or the

Functionality of the at least one electrode component El can be achieved by the mixing process with a high shear load and / or by a

Crushing be less affected than the functionality of at least one further electrode component E2.

For example, the at least one electrode component E1 may have an average particle size or an average particle size

Particle length or an average

Particle diameter of <10 μηη, for example in a range of> 4 μηη to <6 μηη have. It has been found that such small particles in a mixing process with a high shear stress, for example, in a jet mill, little or no further comminuted and thus are virtually mechanically stable in this. The at least one more

In contrast, electrode component E2 can have a larger average Particle size or a larger average particle length or a larger average particle diameter, for example, of> 10 μηη, for example in a range of> 10 μηη to <20 μηη, and thus in a mixing process with a high

Shear load, for example in a jet mill, comparatively

be mechanically sensitive or unstable.

Or, for example, the at least one electrode component E1 may comprise at least one conductive additive, for example at least one conductive carbon, such as conductive graphite and / or amorphous conductive carbon, such as conductive carbon black, and / or

Carbon fibers and / or carbon nanotubes and / or graphene and / or expanded graphite, and / or at least one conductive metal, and the at least one further electrode component E2 at least one electrode active material, for example at least one anode active material, or cathode active material, for example at least one Interkalationsmaterial and / or insertion material and / or recombination material. The functionality of conductive additives is reduced by comminution in a mixing process with a high

Shear load significantly less affected than, for example, the

Functionality of electrode active materials such as anode active materials or cathode active materials, for example intercalation materials and / or

Insertion materials and / or recombination materials.

Or the at least one electrode component E1 can be free of surface-coated particles and / or free of gradient material particles, for example, whereas the at least one further electrode component E2 can comprise surface-coated particles and / or gradient material particles. In a mixing process with a high shear load, for example in a jet mill, gradient material particles and / or the

Surface coating of surface-coated particles may be damaged and / or destroyed, which may affect their functionality.

Furthermore, FIG. 1 shows that in a method step c) from the mixture fB + E1 + E2 from method step b), which contains the at least one fibrillated binder fB, which contains at least one electrode component E1 and the at least one further electrode component E2, for example by a dry manufacturing process and / or by coating, for example by dry coating, an electrode E is formed.

Claims

Process for producing an electrode (E) for an electrochemical cell, in particular for a battery cell, for example for a lithium cell, in which

- At least one binder (B) and at least one electrode component (E1) are mixed by a high shear mixing process to a fibrillated binder-containing mixture (fB + E1), and

- is added to the fibrillated binder-containing mixture (fB + E1) at least one further electrode component (E2) by a mixing process with a low shear stress.

The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one

Electrode component (E1), in particular in the mixing process with a high shear stress, mechanically more stable than the at least one further electrode component (E2) and / or wherein the functionality of the at least one electrode component (El) by the mixing process with a high shear stress and / or by Crushing is less affected than the functionality of the at least one further electrode component (E2).

The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one

Electrode component (E1) with an average particle size or with an average particle length or with an average particle diameter of <10 μηη, in particular of <6 μηη, is used.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one electrode component (E1) having an average particle size or with an average particle length or with an average particle diameter in a range of> 0.01 μηη to <6 μηη, in particular in a range of > 4 μηη to <6 μηη, is used. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one further electrode component (E2) is used with a larger average particle size or with a larger average particle length or with a larger average particle diameter than the at least one electrode component (E1),

in particular wherein the at least one further electrode component (E2) having an average particle size or with a

average particle length or with an average particle length

Particle diameter of> 10 μηη or> 6 μηη is used.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one electrode component (E1) comprises at least one conductive additive, in particular at least one conductive carbon and / or at least one conductive metal, or is formed therefrom.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the at least one electrode component (E1)

- lead graphite and / or

- Amorphous lead carbon in the form of non-porous carbon particles, in particular Leitruß, and / or

- Carbon fibers, and / or

- Carbon nanotubes, and / or

Graphene and / or expanded graphite and / or

at least one conductive metal, and / or

- At least one Leitzusatz- Elektrodenaktivmaterial- composite, in particular at least one carbon-metal phosphate composite comprises.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the at least one further electrode component (E2) at least one

Electrode active material, in particular at least one anode active material or at least one cathode active material, for example at least one Interkalationsmaterial and / or insertion material and / or

Recombination material. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the at least one further electrode component (E2)

- Interkalationsgraphit and / or insertion and / or intercalation capable, amorphous carbon, in particular hard carbon and / or soft carbon, and / or

- At least one memory alloy, and / or

- At least one metal oxide and / or phosphate, in particular

Silica and / or at least one layer oxide and / or at least one spinel and / or at least one metal phosphate,

includes.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the at least one electrode component (E1) comprises spherical particles. 11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10,

wherein the at least one electrode component (E1) is free from

Electrode active materials, in particular free of anode active materials or free of cathode active materials, and / or free of

surface-coated particles and / or free of

Gradient material particles, and / or

wherein the at least one further electrode component (E2)

surface-coated particles and / or gradient material particles.

A method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the mixing process is carried out at a high shear rate by a jet mill.

Process according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the at least one binder (B) comprises at least one lithium ion conductive or

lithium ion conductive polymer and / or a copolymer thereof,

in particular polyethylene oxide and / or a copolymer thereof.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein, based on the total weight of the electrode components (E1, E2) of the electrode, -> 0.1 wt .-% to <10 wt .-% of the at least one binder (B), and or -> 0.1 wt .-% to <50 wt .-% of the at least one

Electrode component (E1), and / or

-> 0.1 wt .-% to <98 wt .-% of the at least one other

Electrode component (E2),

be used.

A method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein

- By a first mixing process with a high shear stress at least a first binder and at least one electrode component to a first, fibrillated binder-containing mixture are mixed and

at least one second binder and at least one electrode component are mixed to form at least one second mixture containing fibrillated binder by at least one second mixing process with a high shear stress, and / or

by mixing at least one binder and a first electrode component from the at least one electrode component to a first mixture containing fibrillated binder by a first mixing process having a high shear stress, and

at least one binder and a second electrode component are mixed by at least one second mixing process with a high shear load from the at least one electrode component to at least one second mixture containing fibrillated binder, and

- The first and second fibrillated binder-containing mixture with the at least one further electrode component are mixed by the mixing process with a low shear stress.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the method is designed for producing an anode, wherein the at least one further electrode component (E2) at least one anode active material, in particular intercalation graphite and / or insertion and / or intercalation capable, amorphous carbon, in particular hard carbon and / or soft carbon, and / or a memory alloy and / or a metal oxide, in particular silicon oxide.

17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is for producing a cathode, wherein the at least one further electrode component comprises at least one cathode active material, in particular at least one metal oxide and / or phosphate, in particular at least one layer oxide and / or or at least one spinel and / or at least one metal phosphate.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 17, wherein in one, the mixing process with a high shear load upstream

Premixing process with a low shear stress, the at least one binder (B) and the at least one electrode component (E1) are mixed to a premix (B + E1), which then (B + E1) in the mixing process with a high shear stress to the fibrillated binder containing mixture (fB + E1) are mixed.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the mixing process with a low shear load and / or the premixing process with a low shear load by a free-fall mixer and / or by a turbulence-based mixer and / or by a kneader and / or or by an extruder and / or by a

Ploughshare and / or paddle mixers and / or by a

Drum mixer is performed.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 19, wherein from the mixture (fB + E1 + E2) containing the at least one fibrillated binder containing at least one electrode component (E1) and the at least one further electrode component (E2), in particular by a dry Manufacturing process and / or by coating, for example by dry coating, an electrode (E) is formed.

Electrode, in particular anode or cathode, produced by a method according to one of Claims 1 to 20.

22. Electrochemical cell, in particular battery cell, for example

A lithium cell comprising at least one electrode according to claim 21.