EP3637013B1 - Dispositif combine de chauffage simultane de l'eau sanitaire et de l'eau de chauffage d'un local - Google Patents

Dispositif combine de chauffage simultane de l'eau sanitaire et de l'eau de chauffage d'un local Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3637013B1
EP3637013B1 EP19200350.7A EP19200350A EP3637013B1 EP 3637013 B1 EP3637013 B1 EP 3637013B1 EP 19200350 A EP19200350 A EP 19200350A EP 3637013 B1 EP3637013 B1 EP 3637013B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
water
circuit
storage tank
domestic water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP19200350.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3637013A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Francis Clement
Erwan FONTBONNE
Luc Saisset
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe Industrielle de Chauffage SIC SAS
Original Assignee
Societe Industrielle de Chauffage SIC SAS
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0026—Domestic hot-water supply systems with conventional heating means
    • F24D17/0031—Domestic hot-water supply systems with conventional heating means with accumulation of the heated water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/02—Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
    • F24D19/1072—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water the system uses a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/48—Water heaters for central heating incorporating heaters for domestic water
    • F24H1/52—Water heaters for central heating incorporating heaters for domestic water incorporating heat exchangers for domestic water
    • F24H1/526—Pipes in pipe heat exchangers for sanitary water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/06—Arrangement of mountings or supports for heaters, e.g. boilers, other than space heating radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/12—Arrangements for connecting heaters to circulation pipes
    • F24H9/13—Arrangements for connecting heaters to circulation pipes for water heaters
    • F24H9/133—Storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/14—Arrangements for connecting different sections, e.g. in water heaters 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/103—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of more than two coaxial conduits or modules of more than two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/14—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically both tubes being bent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combined device for heating sanitary water and heating water for a room.
  • the invention relates to a combined device for the simultaneous heating of sanitary water and of the heating water of a room.
  • the invention also relates to a system for heating sanitary water and heating water for a room comprising such a combined device.
  • the combined device 10 comprises a heating water circuit 18 connected to heating elements 20 of a room L, such as radiators.
  • the combined device 10 also comprises a first heat exchanger 22 capable of exchanging heat between a heat transfer fluid circuit 24 and the heating water circuit 18.
  • the heat transfer fluid circuit 24 exchanges heat between a external environment E to the room L and the heating water circuit 18 present inside the room L.
  • an outdoor unit 25 is placed at the level of the external environment E and configured to exchange heat with the circuit heat transfer fluid 24.
  • the outdoor unit 25, the heat transfer fluid circuit 24 and the first heat exchanger 22 form a heat pump capable of regulating the temperature of the heating water present in the heating water circuit 18 .
  • the combined device 10 also comprises a sanitary water storage tank 14 and a sanitary water circuit 12 in fluid communication with the storage tank 14.
  • the sanitary water circuit 12 is connected to sanitary water distribution members 16, such as taps.
  • the combined device 10 further comprises a domestic water heating circuit 26 connected to the heating water circuit 18 in the form of a bypass.
  • This domestic water heating circuit 26 comprises a second heat exchanger 28 arranged inside the storage tank 14 to exchange heat with the sanitary water present in the storage tank 14.
  • This second heat exchanger 28 is a coil exchanger extending inside the storage tank 14 in the form of a helix.
  • the sanitary water heating circuit 26 comprises a circuit portion common with the heating water circuit 18. The sanitary water heating circuit 26 is thus in fluid communication with the first 22 and second 28 heat exchangers.
  • the sanitary water is therefore heated via two heat exchangers separated by the domestic water heating circuit 26.
  • the configuration of this type of combined device 10 makes it possible to regulate the temperature of the heating water directly via the first exchanger 22.
  • a three-way valve 30 arranged at a junction between the domestic water heating circuit 26 and the heating water circuit 18 makes it possible to divert selectively the heating water inside the domestic hot water heating circuit 26 to heat the domestic water present in the storage tank 14.
  • the configuration of this type of combined device 10 makes it possible to regulate the domestic water temperature indirectly through the heating water.
  • This indirect domestic water heating configuration involves selective or alternating operation between domestic water heating and domestic water heating. Indeed, under the action of the three-way valve 30 and a circulator 32, the heating water circulates either inside the heating water circuit 18 between the first heat exchanger 22 and the heater 20 either inside the domestic water heating circuit 26 between the first 22 and the second 28 heat exchangers.
  • the combined device 10 can only heat the heating water intended for the heating elements 20 or the sanitary water.
  • the combined device 10 can only effectively comply with one of a temperature setpoint coming from the heating elements 20 and a temperature setpoint coming from the distribution elements 16.
  • the architecture of the combined device 10 involves the occasional performance of rapid phases for heating the sanitary water to satisfy the needs of the users. These rapid phases of heating the sanitary water involve a significant drop in the energy performance of the heating of the sanitary water, such that this selective or alternate operation is not sufficiently optimized for the heating of the sanitary water.
  • the winter period when the demand for heating water is high and often continuous is therefore a period when the performance of the combined device 10 is particularly degraded.
  • the difficulties are similar when a request for heating water is made while heating the domestic water is in progress.
  • the document JPH01256754A discloses a combined device comprising a sanitary water storage tank, a sanitary water circuit in fluid communication with the storage tank, a sanitary water heating circuit in fluid communication with the storage tank, a heating water circuit, a circuit for heating the heating water, a heat pump exchanger in which a heat transfer fluid from the heat pump is able to circulate, the exchanger being configured to carry out on the one hand a heat exchange between the heat transfer fluid and a fluid present in the domestic water heating circuit, and on the other hand between the heat transfer fluid and heating water present in the domestic water heating circuit heating, the circuits for heating the domestic water and for heating the heating water being separate, and the exchanger being arranged outside the tank.
  • this document does not disclose nozzles in the sanitary water storage tank, allowing an optimal arrangement of the discharge and suction orifices at specific heights of the tank, these orifices connecting the sanitary water heating circuits and distribution of sanitary water to the tank.
  • the combined device according to the invention therefore makes it possible to maintain the heating inside a room while having the possibility of drawing off domestic hot water.
  • the domestic water heating and heating water heating circuits do not include any common pipe portion.
  • each of the suction and discharge orifices of the sanitary water heating and sanitary water distribution circuits is arranged at the level of a distal end of a cannula arranged at the inside the storage tank.
  • each cannula at which a discharge orifice is arranged is configured to discharge sanitary water inside the storage tank along a direction transverse to a vertical axis.
  • each of the cannulas has a proximal end integral with a wall of the storage balloon, each of the proximal ends of the cannulas being integral with a wall forming the bottom of the storage balloon.
  • the latter comprises a suction cannula opening inside the storage balloon and configured to be connected to the first flow line and a discharge nozzle opening inside the storage tank and configured to be connected to the first return line, the suction and discharge ports of the heating circuit of sanitary water being respectively disposed at a distal end of the suction and delivery cannulas.
  • the latter further comprises a second suction cannula opening inside the storage tank and configured to be connected to the second outlet pipe, the suction orifice of the circuit distribution of sanitary water being disposed at a distal end of the suction cannula.
  • the suction cannula configured to be connected to the first outgoing pipe is a first suction cannula
  • the second return pipe being connected to the first outgoing pipe by means of a T-fitting so that the backflow into the storage tank of sanitary water coming from the second return pipe is carried out through the first suction nozzle, the discharge port of the sanitary water distribution circuit being disposed at the distal end of the first suction cannula.
  • the three pipes of the heat exchanger are concentric.
  • each of the three pipes extends along a helical path common to the three pipes.
  • the wall of the pipe separating the sanitary water from the heat transfer fluid is a double wall.
  • a combination device according to any preceding claim, further comprising means for attaching the combination device to a support configured to suspend the combination device above the ground.
  • one of the heat exchanger(s) is placed below the storage tank or extends around the storage tank.
  • a combined device for heating sanitary water and heating water for a room comprises one or more heat exchangers for transferring heat simultaneously between a heat transfer fluid and heating water present in the heating water circuit and between this heat transfer fluid and sanitary water present in the sanitary water circuit.
  • a first embodiment of the combined device is shown in picture 2 wherein the combined device 40 comprises a plurality of heat exchangers for exchanging heat with the heat transfer fluid.
  • a second embodiment of the combined device is shown in picture 3 wherein the combined device 50 comprises a single heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the heat transfer fluid.
  • the circuits for heating the domestic water and for heating the heating water are separate to allow the simultaneous heating of the heating water and the domestic water.
  • the combined device 40 comprises a water circuit heater 56 intended to be connected to heaters (not shown) of a room L, such as radiators.
  • the combined device 40 also comprises a first heat exchanger 41 capable of exchanging heat between a heat transfer fluid circuit 62 and the heating water circuit 56.
  • the heat transfer fluid circuit 62 exchanges heat between a external environment E to the room L and the heating water circuit 18 present inside the room L.
  • an outdoor unit 60 is placed at the level of the external environment E and configured to exchange heat with the circuit of heat transfer fluid 62.
  • a first circulator 46 allows the circulation of fluid inside the heating water circuit 56.
  • the outdoor unit 60, the heat transfer fluid circuit 62 and the first heat exchanger 41 form a heat pump able to regulate the temperature of the heating water present in the heating water circuit 56.
  • the combined device 40 also comprises a sanitary water storage tank 52 and a sanitary water circuit 54 for supplying sanitary water to at least one sanitary water distribution device (not shown).
  • Sanitary water circuit 54 comprises a sanitary water distribution circuit 82 in fluid communication with storage tank 52 and intended to be connected to said at least one sanitary water distribution member.
  • the sanitary water circuit 54 further comprises a sanitary water heating circuit 80.
  • the combined device 40 comprises a second heat exchanger 42 capable of exchanging heat between a circuit heat transfer fluid 62 and the domestic water heating circuit 80.
  • the domestic water heating circuit 80 is connected to the storage tank 52.
  • a second circulator 44 allows the circulation of fluid inside of the domestic water heating circuit 80.
  • the first embodiment of the combined device therefore comprises two heat exchangers as well as two distinct circuits for heating the sanitary water and the heating water.
  • the water heating circuit heating is merged with the heating water circuit 56.
  • the heating water 56 and domestic water heating 80 circuits do not include any common pipe portion.
  • simultaneous heating of heating water and sanitary water can be achieved. This is particularly advantageous in terms of user comfort and energy consumption compared to the combined device 10 of the prior art shown in figure 1 .
  • the domestic water heating circuit 80 may include a third heat exchanger 43 arranged inside the storage tank 52.
  • the third heat exchanger 43 is a coil type exchanger which allows the transfer of heat between the fluid circulating inside the sanitary water heating circuit 80 and the sanitary water present in the storage tank 52.
  • the heating circuit of the sanitary water 80 is thus a closed loop where a fluid circulates between the second 42 and third 43 heat exchangers.
  • the sanitary water heating circuit 80 is here not in fluid communication with the sanitary water distribution circuit 82.
  • the fluid circulating inside the heating circuit of the sanitary water 80 can be water, sanitary water or any other heat transfer fluid.
  • the sanitary water heating circuit 80 may be devoid of a third exchanger 43.
  • the sanitary water heating circuit 80 is in fluid communication with the sanitary water distribution circuit 82.
  • the sanitary water heating circuit 80 forms an open loop opening inside the storage tank 52.
  • the fluid circulating inside the sanitary water heating circuit 80 is therefore sanitary water.
  • the fluid circulating inside the sanitary water heating circuit 80 is the sanitary water distributed to said at least distribution member.
  • the temperature of the sanitary water distributed is therefore here regulated by direct heat exchange with the heat transfer fluid circuit 62 via the second exchanger 42.
  • the storage balloon 52 is preferably a cannulated balloon as shown in figure 7 and described below.
  • This alternative mode in which the storage tank 52 has no third exchanger 43 makes it possible to increase the volume available inside the storage tank 52 or, more advantageously, to reduce its external size for the same available volume. Indeed, the presence of a heat exchanger, in particular a coil, inside the storage tank 52 reduces the interior volume available. This imposes an oversizing of the storage tank 52 for a desired maximum volume of sanitary water inside the storage tank 52. Thus, the absence of an exchanger inside the storage tank 52 makes it possible to reduce the number and the volume of the components of the combined device, and therefore its mass, with respect to the combined device 10 of the figure 1 .
  • a coil heat exchanger is much bulkier/heavier than a heat exchanger external to the storage tank 52.
  • the water in the storage tank 52 is heated by natural convection . You therefore need a very large heat exchanger to have acceptable performance. Conversely, the water is heated by forced convection with an external heat exchanger, which significantly increases the performance of the exchange.
  • the combined device 50 comprises a sanitary water storage tank 52 and a sanitary water circuit 54 in fluid communication with the storage tank 52.
  • the sanitary water circuit 54 is intended to be connected to at least one device sanitary water distribution (not shown).
  • the combined device 50 also comprises a heating water circuit 56 intended to be connected to at least one room heater (not shown).
  • the combined device 50 also comprises a heat exchanger 58 in which a heat transfer fluid is adapted to circulate via a heat transfer fluid circuit 62.
  • the combined device 50 is of preferably coupled to an outdoor unit 60 disposed outside the room.
  • the heat exchanger 58, the coolant circuit 62 and the outdoor unit 60 form a heat pump.
  • the heat exchanger 58 is configured to perform a heat exchange between the heat transfer fluid and sanitary water present in the sanitary water circuit, and between the heat transfer fluid and heating water present in the circuit of heating water.
  • the heat exchanger 58 is configured to receive three fluids and to transmit heat to two of these fluids via the heat transfer fluid.
  • the heat exchanger 58 thus corresponds to a three-way heat exchanger which makes it possible to carry out a direct heat exchange between the heat transfer fluid and the heating water, but also a direct heat exchange between the heat transfer fluid and the heat transfer fluid. sanitary water.
  • the domestic water heating and heating water heating circuits are arranged separately to allow dissociation between the heating of the domestic water and the heating of the heating water.
  • the domestic water heating circuit corresponds to a portion of the domestic water circuit 54 putting the storage tank 52 in fluid communication with the heat exchanger 58.
  • the heating water heating circuit is merged with the heating water circuit 56.
  • the domestic water heating and heating water heating circuits do not include any common pipe portion.
  • This separate heating arrangement allows the combined device 50 to have a dedicated loop for heating sanitary water.
  • domestic water heating strategies are thus more flexible. Further optimization can therefore be achieved. This is particularly advantageous in terms of user comfort and energy consumption compared to the combined device 10 of the prior art shown in figure 1 .
  • this independent configuration of the water heating circuits makes it possible to use the domestic water from the domestic water heating circuit for defrosting the outdoor unit 60.
  • the outdoor unit 60 of the heat pump can ice up. This is a normal and expected phenomenon in the operation of the outdoor unit 60.
  • the heat pump takes heat from inside room to heat the outdoor unit 60.
  • This relatively short phenomenon generally less than 15min, can cause discomfort on the user side, on the one hand, and can also lead under certain conditions to a risk of the water circuit freezing heating 56 at its interface with the heat transfer fluid. This interface is located at the heat exchanger 58 in the embodiment of the picture 3 .
  • the domestic water heating circuit can be used at any time to complete or completely carry out a defrosting operation by exchanging heat with the heat transfer fluid.
  • the volume of sanitary water present in the sanitary water circuit 54 even when it is at a low temperature, contains enough energy to defrost the outdoor unit 60.
  • the heat exchanger 58 comprises three pipes nested one inside the other to define three fluid flow zones.
  • nested is meant the fact that a first flow zone 70 is placed inside a second flow zone 72 which is itself placed inside a third flow zone 74.
  • Said three pipes comprise a first 64, a second 66 and a third 68 conduits forming the first 70, second 72 and third 74 fluid flow zones.
  • the first 70, second 72 and third 74 flow zones have a circular section extending around a trajectory or a profile A.
  • the second 72 and third 74 flow zones are preferably annular.
  • the first 64, second 66 and third 68 pipes are concentric so as to obtain three flow zones uniformly distributed around the path A.
  • a heat exchange wall 76 is arranged between the first 70 and the second 72 exchange zones as well as between the second 72 and the third 74 exchange zones. These exchange walls 76 correspond to the walls of the first 64 and second 66 pipes. These exchange walls 76 allow the transmission of heat between the two fluids present on either side of the exchange wall 76.
  • the first flow zone 70 is formed inside the first pipe 64.
  • the second flow zone 72 is formed between the first 64 and second 66 pipes.
  • the third flow zone 74 is formed between the second 66 and third 68 conduits.
  • the second flow zone 72 is configured to transport the heat transfer fluid from the heat transfer fluid circuit 62.
  • each of the first 70 and third 74 flow zones is configured to transport one of the sanitary water and heating water.
  • the pipe separating the second flow zone 72 from the flow zone carrying the sanitary water preferably comprises a double wall.
  • the first flow zone 70 is configured to transport sanitary water.
  • the first conduit 64 is preferably made of copper.
  • this first pipe 64 is preferably a tube made of copper whose internal and external surfaces are smooth so as to be very robust against scaling.
  • the trajectory or profile A is preferably helical, as shown on the figure 5 .
  • the first 64, second 66 and third 68 pipes preferably extend around themselves along a longitudinal axis B.
  • the first 64, second 66 and third 68 pipes preferably extend along a helical path A common to the three pipes.
  • the first 70, second 72 and third 74 flow zones are preferably connected to the heat transfer fluid circuit 62, to the heating water circuit 56 and to the sanitary water circuit 54 via exchanger connections 78 arranged at the level of the ends of the first 64, second 66 and third 68 pipes.
  • the heat exchanger 58 is preferably arranged outside the sanitary water storage tank 52.
  • the sanitary water circuit 54 comprises a sanitary water heating circuit 80 intended to put the storage tank storage 52 in fluid communication with the heat exchanger 58 and a sanitary water distribution circuit 82 intended to place the storage tank 52 in fluid communication with the distribution members of a sanitary water installation.
  • the sanitary water heating circuit 80 corresponds to a sanitary water heating circuit.
  • the sanitary water heating circuit 80 comprises a first flow pipe 84 connecting the storage tank 52 to a sanitary water inlet of the heat exchanger 58 and a first return pipe 86 connecting a sanitary water outlet from the heat exchanger 58 to the storage tank 52.
  • the first flow line 84 and the first return line 86 are each connected to one end of the first flow zone 70 of the heat exchanger 58 via the exchanger fittings 78.
  • the latter also comprises a first circulator 88.
  • the domestic water heating circuit 80 forms a domestic water heating circuit.
  • the combined device 50 further comprises a controller 87 configured to regulate the speed of the first circulator 88 so as to regulate the flow rate of sanitary water circulating in the sanitary water heating circuit 80.
  • the controller 87 is also configured to regulate the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid.
  • the simultaneous or selective regulation of the flow rate of circulation of the sanitary water and of the heat transfer fluid makes it possible to regulate the temperature of the sanitary water supplied to the storage tank 52.
  • Such a controller 87 can also be used in the combined device 40 of the first embodiment for regulating the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid and the speed of the second circulator 44.
  • the controller 87 makes it possible to optimize the performance during heating or to guarantee the resistance over time of the exchanger (for example, by avoiding the risk icing).
  • the domestic water distribution circuit 82 comprises a second outgoing pipe 90 connecting the storage tank 52 to a domestic water outgoing connection 92.
  • This second outgoing pipe 90 can otherwise be considered as an outgoing pipe from hot water from the tank to a sanitary water installation (not shown).
  • This sanitary water installation comprises in particular the sanitary water distribution members mentioned above.
  • the sanitary water distribution circuit 82 also includes a second return pipe 94 connected to a sanitary water return connection 96.
  • the second return pipe 94 places the storage tank 52 in fluid communication with this return connection.
  • sanitary water 96 This second flow pipe 90 can otherwise be considered as a cold water return pipe coming from a sanitary water source of the sanitary water installation.
  • This cold water preferably corresponds to the water supplied by the running water distribution network of the locality.
  • the temperature of this water is generally between 5 to 25° C. at the level of the combined device 50.
  • the second return pipe 94 is connected to the first flow pipe 84 by means of a T-fitting 98.
  • the second return pipe 94 is indirectly connected to the storage tank 52 via the first outgoing pipe 84.
  • the term "T-piece" is understood to mean a pipe portion having three orifices in fluid communication the ones with the others.
  • tee fitting 98 includes a first port in fluid communication with storage tank 52, a second port in fluid communication with heat exchanger 58, and a third port in fluid communication with the second return line. 94.
  • the second outgoing pipe 90, the first return pipe 86 and the pipe portion between the storage tank 52 and the tee fitting 98 are connected to the tank. storage tank 52 preferably in a lower part of the storage tank 52. Such an arrangement is for example visible on the figures 7 and 9 .
  • the second outgoing pipe 90, the first return pipe 86 and the pipe portion between the storage tank 52 and the T-fitting 98 are connected to the storage tank 52 preferably in an upper part of the storage tank 52.
  • the heating water circuit 56 comprises a heating water return line 100 connecting a heating water return fitting 102 to an inlet of the heat exchanger 58.
  • the heating water circuit 56 comprises also a heating water outlet pipe 104 connecting a heating water outlet connection 106 to an outlet of the heat exchanger 58.
  • the heating water return pipe 100 and the heating water outlet 104 are each connected to one end of the third flow zone 74 of the heat exchanger 58 via the exchanger connections 78.
  • the heating water circuit 56 also includes a second circulator 108.
  • the controller 87 is further configured to regulate the speed of the second circulator 108 so as to regulate the flow rate of the heating water circulating in the heating water circuit 56.
  • the simultaneous or selective regulation of the flow rate of circulation of the heating water and of the coolant makes it possible to regulate the temperature of the heating water supplied to the heating installation.
  • Such a controller 87 can also be used in the combined device 40 of the first embodiment to regulate the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid and the speed of the first circulator 46.
  • the sanitary water installation is connected to the combined device 50 via the outlet 92 and return 96 connections for sanitary water.
  • the room heating installation is connected to the combined device 50 via the flow 106 and return 102 connections for heating water.
  • the storage flask 52 is preferably a cannulated flask.
  • the storage tank 52 is connected to the first 80 and second 82 sanitary water circuits by means of nozzles arranged inside the storage tank 52.
  • the use of nozzles makes it possible in particular to arrange the inlets or outlets of the first 80 and second 82 sanitary water circuits at predetermined positions inside the storage tank 52.
  • a "temperature stratification" of the domestic water is made possible inside the storage tank 52.
  • temperature stratification is meant the fact that a significant temperature gradient can be maintained in the storage tank 52. It is thus possible to schematize the stratification obtained by indicating that the lower part of the storage tank comprises cold water, the middle part lukewarm water and the upper part hot water.
  • Each of the first 80 and second 82 sanitary water circuits is in fluid communication with the storage tank 52 at a suction (or inlet) port and a discharge (or outlet) port.
  • sanitary water each formed at the level of a cannula arranged inside the storage tank 52.
  • the position of the suction (or inlet) orifices and of a discharge (or outlet) orifice of domestic water inside the tank storage is defined to limit the mixing of sanitary water. This position is defined in particular with respect to the storage height inside the storage tank 52.
  • the storage height is defined as the distance separating the lowest point and the highest point of the interior cavity of the storage tank 52 along a vertical axis.
  • the lowest point of the interior cavity therefore corresponds to 0% of the storage height.
  • the highest point of the interior cavity corresponds to 100% of the storage height.
  • the suction orifice of the first sanitary water circuit 80 is arranged in the lower part of the storage tank 52, i.e. at the level of a zone of the storage tank 52 where the water is at low temperature.
  • the suction orifice of the first sanitary water circuit 80 is thus preferably placed between 0 and 20% of the storage height of the storage tank. Even more preferably, the suction orifice of the first sanitary water circuit 80 is preferably placed between 0 and 10% of the storage height.
  • the sanitary water is thus sucked as low as possible inside the storage tank 52. This makes it possible to suck the water at an optimum position making it possible to suck the sanitary water at the lowest temperature. possible while limiting the mixing of the water inside the storage tank 52.
  • the discharge orifice of the first sanitary water circuit 80 is placed in the middle part of the storage tank 52.
  • the discharge orifice of the first sanitary water circuit 80 is preferably placed between 20% and 80% of the storage height, more preferably between 30% and 70% of the storage height. Even more preferably, the discharge orifice of the first sanitary water circuit 80 is placed at 50% of the storage height.
  • the fact of discharging the heated sanitary water at the level of a middle position makes it possible to limit the mixing inside the storage tank 52.
  • This middle position of the discharge orifice of the first sanitary water circuit 80 makes it possible to achieve an optimum compromise between performance and user comfort. Indeed, positioning too close to the upper part of the storage tank 52 would cause this upper part to be mixed.
  • the suction orifice of the second sanitary water circuit 82 is placed in the upper part of the storage tank 52.
  • the suction orifice of the sanitary water distribution circuit 82 is preferably placed between 80% and 100% of the storage height, more preferably between 90% and 100% of the storage height. Thus, the hot water is sucked in the upper part of the storage tank 52.
  • the discharge orifice of the sanitary water distribution circuit 82 is placed in the lower part of the storage tank 52.
  • the discharge orifice of the sanitary water distribution circuit 82 is preferably placed between 0 and 20% of the storage height, preferably between 0% and 10% of the storage height.
  • Each cannula has a proximal end secured to a wall of the storage tank 52 and a free distal end where the suction and discharge orifices of the first 80 and second 82 sanitary water circuits are formed.
  • the proximal end is preferably integral with the wall forming the bottom of the storage balloon 52 so as to make the cannulas accessible under the storage balloon 52. This access under the storage balloon 52 makes it possible to easily connect the storage balloon 52 to the first 80 and second 82 sanitary water circuits during assembly of the combined device.
  • the positioning of the suction and discharge orifices is therefore obtained by positioning the distal end of each of the cannulas.
  • the suction or discharge ports can be formed by one or more cannulas.
  • a cannula can have one or more of suction and discharge ports.
  • the suction orifices of the first sanitary water circuit 80 and the discharge orifices of the second sanitary water circuit 82 are formed on the same cannula 118.
  • these orifices of suction of the first sanitary water circuit 80 and discharge of the second sanitary water circuit 82 are combined.
  • the combined device can thus comprise three or four cannulas.
  • a cannula jointly performs a function of suction of the sanitary water in the direction of the first sanitary water circuit and of discharge of the sanitary water coming from the second sanitary water circuit.
  • the cannula 118 is preferably made so that the pressure drops at the inside this cannula 118 are lower than the pressure drops inside the first sanitary water circuit 80.
  • this difference in pressure drops makes it possible to prevent the sanitary water coming from the first outlet pipe 84 from enters the interior of the storage tank 52 via the discharge nozzle 122. This would prevent stratification of the layers of fluid inside the storage tank 52 and therefore reduce the performance of the installation.
  • Each cannula at which a discharge port is disposed or formed is configured to discharge sanitary water inside the storage tank 52 along a direction transverse to a vertical axis to reduce water mixing. sanitary. This is achieved by an aerator formed on the cannula by obstructing its distal end and forming one or more side orifices on a peripheral wall of the cannula.
  • the storage tank 52 therefore contains no heat exchanger, in particular no heat exchanger of the serpentine type.
  • the volume available inside the storage tank 52 is thus greater than in the case of a coil tank for the same external volume of the storage tank 52. Indeed, the "dead" or unavailable volume located at the location of the coil and below it is not present here.
  • the storage tank 52 preferably has an interior volume less than or equal to 150 dm3, preferably less than or equal to 100 dm3.
  • the combined device 10 of the prior art is generally used with a storage tank 12 having an interior volume, before installation of the coil, of 190 dm3. This allows the combination device 52 to be more compact and have a lower manufacturing cost than the combination device 10 of the prior art.
  • This configuration comprising a storage balloon 52 with cannulas allows the combined device 52 to have a maximum height along a longitudinal axis of extension C of the storage balloon 52 less than or equal to 150 cm, preferably less than or equal to 145cm.
  • the storage tank 52 comprises a combined cannula 118, a suction cannula 120 and a discharge cannula 122 all opening inside the storage tank 52.
  • the suction and discharge ports of the first circuit of sanitary water 80 are respectively formed at the distal end of the combined 118 and discharge 122 cannulas.
  • the suction and discharge orifices of the second sanitary water circuit 82 are respectively formed at the distal end of the suction 120 and combined 118 cannulas.
  • the combination cannula 118 is configured to be connected to the first outgoing line 84.
  • the second return line 94 is connected to the first outgoing line 84 by means of a tee fitting so that the discharge into the storage tank 52 of sanitary water from the second return pipe 94 is carried out through the combined cannula 118.
  • the combined cannula 118 extends inside the storage tank 52 so that its end orifice opens at the level of a lower part of the storage tank 52.
  • the combined cannula 118 is configured to operate either in suction or in discharge depending on the mode of operation of the sanitary water circuit 54.
  • the suction cannula 118 is configured to draw cold water from the lower part of the storage tank 52 during a heating phase of the sanitary water, i.e. when there is circulation of the sanitary water inside the first circuit of sanitary water 80.
  • the suction cannula 118 is configured to discharge sanitary water inside the storage tank 52 during a withdrawal of sanitary water via the second suction cannula 120, i.e. when there is circulation of sanitary water inside the second sanitary water circuit 82.
  • the combined cannula 118 preferably includes a jet aerator to allow the suction or discharge of sanitary water into a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of extension C of the storage balloon 52.
  • the aerator can be formed on the combined cannula 118 by obstructing its distal end and by forming one or more side orifices on a peripheral wall of the combined cannula 118. This makes it possible to reduce the mixing caused by the backflow of sanitary water coming from the second return pipe 94 when the latter is carried out along the longitudinal axis of extension C of the storage tank 52.
  • the cannula outlet 122 also preferably includes a jet aerator at its distal end, i.e. the end where the water is pushed back inside the storage tank 52.
  • the combined device 50 may have no T-fitting so that each of the first outgoing pipe 84 and second return pipe 94 open out distinctly inside the storage tank 52.
  • the combined cannula 118 functions only as a suction cannula and an additional discharge cannula is arranged at the end of the second return line 94.
  • the suction cannula 120 is configured to be connected to the second starting pipe 90.
  • the suction cannula 120 extends inside the storage balloon 52 so that its end orifice opens at the level of an upper part of the storage tank 52.
  • the suction cannula 122 is configured to suck hot water from the upper part of the storage tank 52.
  • the discharge cannula 122 is configured to be connected to the first return pipe 86. To obtain a good compromise between performance and user comfort, the distal end of the discharge cannula 122 is located at an intermediate or median position. the height of the internal cavity of the storage tank 52. Indeed, positioning too close to the upper part of the storage tank 52 would lead to mixing of this upper part. This brewing is harmful because it does not make it possible to keep a reserve of hot water in the event of an unexpected draw-off occurring. In addition, positioning too close to the lower part of the storage balloon 52, and therefore of the combined cannula 118, would cause a drop in performance.
  • the distal end of the delivery cannula 122 is located at a position distant from the upper wall of the storage balloon 52 by at least 20% of the height of the internal cavity of the storage balloon 52 and distant from the lower wall of the storage balloon 52 at least 20% of the height of the internal cavity of the storage balloon 52.
  • the distal end of the delivery cannula 122 is located between 20% and the height of the internal cavity of the storage balloon 52.
  • the distal end of the delivery cannula 122 can be located between 30% and 70% of the height of the internal cavity of the storage balloon 52.
  • the distal end of the delivery cannula 122 is preferably located at approximately 50% of the height of the internal cavity of the storage balloon 52.
  • the sanitary water is taken from the lower part of the storage tank 52 to be heated in the heat exchanger 58, ie the part of the storage tank 52 where the cold water is discharged by the second return pipe 94. Consequently, even if the ball is not entirely cold, performance will not be degraded. Thus, effective heating can be carried out without risking a situation of discomfort for the user. This is due to the fact that it is possible, if necessary, to supply the heating water circuit 56 without however cutting off the heating of the sanitary water. It is therefore possible to make optimized heating without being constrained by the heating water circuit 56.
  • the combined device 50 may include means 110 for attaching the combined device 50 to a support 112 configured to suspend the combined device 50 above the ground.
  • the term "suspend” means that the weight of the combined device 50 is supported by the support 112 in its entirety.
  • the support 112 is preferably a wall of the room.
  • the known combined devices are generally “on a base”, ie placed on the ground, because their mass does not allow suspension on a support to be envisaged.
  • the reduction in the mass of the combined device 50 makes it possible to consider a solution suspended from the support 112 via the fixing means 110.
  • a suspended solution makes it possible to reduce the surface taken up on the ground by the combined device 50, which corresponds to a current expectation users, particularly in the construction of new housing.
  • the fixing means preferably comprise an interface structure between the support 112 and modules formed by the combined device 50.
  • This interface structure is for example a frame or a ladder fixed to the wall or to the support 112 on which the combined device 50 is suspended.
  • This interface structure allows the distribution of the forces on the support 112 to facilitate and sustain the installation of the combined device 50. Indeed, a wall can be non-bearing and therefore not very suitable for supporting heavy suspended loads.
  • the combined device 50 when filled with water, weighs more than 200 kg.
  • the heat exchanger 58 is arranged below the storage tank 52, as illustrated in the figure 7 .
  • This configuration makes it possible to reduce the transverse dimensions to the longitudinal axis of extension C of the combined device 50 compared to a configuration where the heat exchanger 58 extends around the storage tank 52.
  • the external dimensions of the heat exchanger 58 are preferably less than or equal to the external dimensions of the storage tank 52.
  • the transverse size of the combined device 50 is substantially constant along the longitudinal axis of extension C.
  • the external dimensions of the heat exchanger 58 can be greater than the external dimensions of the storage tank 52.
  • FIG 8 shows a configuration of the combined device 50 in which the heat exchanger 58 is arranged so as to extend around the storage tank 52.
  • the heat exchanger 58 and the storage tank 52 are preferably concentric.
  • the longitudinal axis B of the heat exchanger 58 coincides with the longitudinal extension axis C of the storage tank 52.
  • the combined device 50 comprises a connection plate 124 of the heating water circuit 56 to a local heating water installation and of the sanitary water circuit 54 to a local sanitary water installation.
  • a connection plate 124 is visible on the figure 9 , 10 , 12 and 13 .
  • the outlet 92 and return 96 connections for sanitary water are mounted on the connection plate 124 to connect the sanitary water circuit 54 to the sanitary water installation of the premises.
  • the heating water flow 106 and return 102 fittings are mounted on the connection plate 124 to connect the heating water circuit 56 to the heating water installation of the premises.
  • all of the connections for the domestic water 54 and heating water 56 circuits are arranged at the same interface.
  • connection plate 124 makes it possible to know prior to the installation of the combined device 50 the position of each of the connections. This is particularly useful when the combined device 50 is intended to be installed in a new building because the installation of the heating water and sanitary water installations of the room can be carried out before the installation of the combined device 50. Connection plate 124 therefore allows great flexibility in setting up these installations as well as the combined device 50.
  • connection plate 124 can also be used in the combined device 40 of the first embodiment and be connected to the heating water circuit 56 and to the sanitary water circuit 54.
  • connection plate 124 allows the use of many components already used for wall-mounted boilers, which makes it possible to reduce the manufacturing cost of the combined device 50.
  • connection plate 124 is preferably arranged below the storage tank 52 to improve its accessibility, in particular to an installer.
  • the connection plate 124 is preferably arranged at the rear of the combined device 52. This position behind the connection plate 124 allows it to be fixed to a support.
  • the connection plate 124 can be arranged at and/or under the fixing means 110.
  • connection plate 124 is preferably formed by an elongated plate comprising a plurality of orifices capable of receiving a plurality of connectors.
  • the connection plate 124 can also include dedicated fixing means 126 to allow the fixing of the connection plate to the support 112 or to any other support.
  • the combined device 50 may also include a safety fitting 129 configured to connect the domestic water circuit 54 to a safety group 128.
  • the safety group 128 is connected between the T-piece fitting 98 and the sanitary water return 96.
  • This safety group makes it possible to regulate the pressure inside the storage tank 52.
  • a safety group must be installed on the cold water inlet (or pipe domestic water return) of a domestic water storage tank.
  • the safety unit often involves laborious installation and can be very bulky in addition to the volume occupied by the combined device 50. The simplification of its installation is therefore a significant benefit for its installer.
  • the implementation of this security group is simplified here by the presence of the safety connection 129 allowing the assembly of a safety group 128 according to the needs of the user.
  • the combination device 40 of the first embodiment may also include a safety connector 128 so as to be connected to a safety group.
  • the combined device 50 can be configured to be connected to a multi-zone heating kit making it possible to connect the combined device 50 to several heating water installations.
  • a multi-zone heating kit 136 is shown in the figure 13 .
  • This multi-zone heating kit 136 allows the temperature to be regulated selectively in several zones of the room, in particular in two distinct zones.
  • the multizone heating kit 136 can be installed initially, ie as standard, or later as an accessory on the combined device 50.
  • the combined device 50 can include an additional connector 132 and an additional heating water return 134 connection arranged on the connection plate 124.
  • the combined device 50 may also include a backflow preventer 140 to fill the heating water circuit 56 with water from the city water distribution network at the time of commissioning, while preventing water from the heating water circuit 56 from entering this distribution network.
  • the backflow preventer 140 is placed between the heating water return pipe 100 and the second return pipe 94.
  • the backflow preventer 140 is preferably placed between the heating water return connection 102 and the return connection of sanitary water 96.
  • the backflow preventer 140 is mounted on the connection plate 124 at the level of the heating water return connection 102 to improve its accessibility.
  • the combined device 40 according to the first embodiment can also include additional heating water flow 132 and return 134 fittings for connecting a multizone heating kit 136 as well as a backflow preventer 140.
  • the combined device 50 can advantageously be structured in a modular manner.
  • the combined device 50 can be structurally divided into predefined subsets.
  • the sub-assemblies or modules have a mass less than or equal to 55 kg when they are empty of water, preferably less than or equal to 50 kg, more preferably less than or equal to 45 kg.
  • This modular structure makes it possible to advantageously distribute the mass of the combined device 50 into several interconnectable modules. This distribution is preferably carried out so that an installer can carry and maneuver each of the modules alone.
  • the combined device 50 comprises a first module 114 comprising the sanitary water storage tank 52 and a second module 116 comprising the heat exchanger 58, the heating water circuits 56 and sanitary water 54 as well as the connection plate 124.
  • the fixing means 110 are preferably configured to fix to the support 112 the first 114 and second 116 modules independently of one another.
  • the fixing means 110 can comprise first means for fixing the first module 114 to the support 112 and second means for fixing the second module 116 to the support 112.
  • a method of mounting the combined device 50 includes fixing the first module 114 to the support 112 so as to suspend the first module 114 above the ground.
  • the first 114 and second 116 modules are then positioned relative to each other.
  • the method also includes attaching the second module 116 to the support 112 so as to suspend above the ground the second module 116.
  • the second module 116 can alternatively be fixed only to the first module 114 so as to be suspended above the ground. In the latter case, the weight of the second module 116 is taken up in whole or in part by the first module 114.
  • the assembly process can be started by fixing the second module 116.
  • the first 114 and second 116 modules are then positioned relative to each other.
  • the first module 114 is fixed to the support 112 so as to suspend the first module 114 above the ground.
  • the first module 114 can alternatively be fixed only to the second module 116 so as to rest on the second module 116. In the latter case, the weight of the first module 114 is taken up in whole or in part by the second module 116.
  • the heating system also comprises at least one sanitary water installation comprising at least one point of drawing and at least one heating water installation comprising at least one heat emission system for heating the room. Said at least one sanitary water installation and at least one heating water installation are respectively connected to the sanitary water circuit 54 and to the heating water circuit 56 of the combined device 50.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
EP19200350.7A 2018-10-08 2019-09-30 Dispositif combine de chauffage simultane de l'eau sanitaire et de l'eau de chauffage d'un local Active EP3637013B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1859299A FR3086997B1 (fr) 2018-10-08 2018-10-08 Dispositif combine de chauffage simultane de l'eau sanitaire et de l'eau de chauffage d'un local

Publications (2)

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EP3637013A1 EP3637013A1 (fr) 2020-04-15
EP3637013B1 true EP3637013B1 (fr) 2023-04-05

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EP19200350.7A Active EP3637013B1 (fr) 2018-10-08 2019-09-30 Dispositif combine de chauffage simultane de l'eau sanitaire et de l'eau de chauffage d'un local

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP3637013B1 (pt)
ES (1) ES2947586T3 (pt)
FR (1) FR3086997B1 (pt)
PL (1) PL3637013T3 (pt)
PT (1) PT3637013T (pt)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2616652B (en) * 2022-03-17 2024-04-03 White Heating Consultancy Ltd A heat exchanging unit
GR1010412B (el) * 2022-07-13 2023-02-20 Clima Control Ανωνυμη Εμπορικη Εταιρια Συστηματων Θερμανσης Και Κλιματισμου, Συστημα αντλιας θερμοτητας με δοχειο διπλου εναλλακτη
FR3146509A3 (fr) * 2023-03-10 2024-09-13 Cédric BEAULANDE Module préfabriqué pour le couplage d’un module de chauffe à un réseau de chauffage central

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01256754A (ja) * 1988-04-04 1989-10-13 Sun Wave Ind Co Ltd 冷暖房・給湯システム
WO2007004460A1 (ja) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-11 Toshiba Carrier Corporation ヒートポンプ式給湯装置
JP5305714B2 (ja) * 2008-04-03 2013-10-02 シャープ株式会社 給湯暖房システム

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ES2947586T3 (es) 2023-08-11
PT3637013T (pt) 2023-06-22
PL3637013T3 (pl) 2023-07-24
FR3086997A1 (fr) 2020-04-10
EP3637013A1 (fr) 2020-04-15
FR3086997B1 (fr) 2020-12-04

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