EP3636323A1 - Blocking device for a fire damper, blocking device system and method for blocking a drive device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a blocking device (10, 10b), in particular for a fire damper (114, 120), comprising: - a holding device (150), - a receiving element with a through opening, which is rotatably mounted in the holding device (150) about an axis of rotation (A), the passage axis of which runs coaxially or parallel to the direction of the axis of rotation (A), - a wrap spring (130, 130b) of the blocking device (10, 10b) held mechanically pretensioned in the holding device (150), the at least one turn (W) of which around the receiving element and includes - a fastener (140) which holds both ends (132, 134) of the wrap spring (130, 130b) in the biased state with respect to the retainer (150). The at least one fastener (140, 142) is made from made of a material which has a lower melting temperature than the material with the lowest melting temperature in the holding device (150) and / or as the melting temperature of the M aterials of the wrap spring (130, 130b).

Description

The present invention relates to a blocking device, in particular for a fire damper. Furthermore, the invention relates to a blocking device system which contains the blocking device and an associated method.

So far, wrap springs have generally been used as one-way clutches.

It is an object of the invention to provide a simply constructed blocking device, in particular for a drive element for actuating a fire damper. In particular, all fire protection regulations should be able to be met and the blocking device should in particular also block when a drive device actuating the drive element is no longer functional or no longer available, for example because it has melted in the event of a fire. In addition, an associated blocking device system and an associated method are to be specified.

The above object is achieved by a blocking device with the features of independent claim 1. Furthermore, the object is achieved by a blocking device system with the features of the independent claim 12. A method according to claim 14 also solves the problem stated above. Further features and details result from the subclaims, the description and the drawings. Features and details that are described in connection with the blocking device according to the invention also apply, of course, in connection with the blocking device system according to the invention or the method according to the invention for blocking a drive direction and vice versa, so that with regard to the disclosure of the individual aspects, reference can always be made to one another.

• eine Haltevorrichtung,
• ein in der Haltevorrichtung um eine Drehachse drehbar gelagertes Aufnahmeelement mit einer Durchgangsöffnung, deren Durchgangsachse parallel, insbesondere koaxial, zur Richtung der Drehachse verläuft,
• eine in der Haltevorrichtung mechanisch vorgespannt gehaltene Schlingfeder der Blockiervorrichtung, deren mindestens eine Windung um das Aufnahmeelement herum angeordnet ist,
• und enthaltend mindestens eine Befestigungsvorrichtung, die mindestens ein Ende der Schlingfeder bezüglich der Haltevorrichtung in dem vorgespannten Zustand hält.

According to a first aspect, a blocking device, in particular for a fire damper, is specified to achieve the object. The blocking device has:

• a holding device,
• a receiving element rotatably mounted in the holding device about an axis of rotation with a passage opening, the passage axis of which runs parallel, in particular coaxially, to the direction of the axis of rotation,
• a wrap spring of the blocking device, which is mechanically pretensioned in the holding device, the at least one turn of which is arranged around the receiving element,
• and including at least one fastening device that holds at least one end of the wrap spring in the pretensioned state with respect to the holding device.

If only a single fastening device is provided, it can hold both ends of the wrap spring in the prestressed state with respect to the holding device. Alternatively, this fastening device can hold one end of the wrap spring in the pretensioned state with respect to the holding device, the other end of the wrap spring being fixed to the holding device.

In a third alternative, there can be two fastening devices, each of which holds one end of the wrap spring in the pretensioned state with respect to the holding device.

The at least one fastening device can also be referred to as a thermocouple and is produced from a material that has a lower or lower melting temperature than the material with the lowest or lowest melting temperature in the holding device and / or as the melting temperature of the material of the wrap spring.

The freewheel principle with wrap spring is thus combined with a thermal activation of the freewheel function or the function of blocking in the blocking direction. A trigger mechanism for the blocking function of the freewheel can be activated in a simple manner solely on the basis of the material parameters.

The at least one fastening device or the thermocouple can be made from a plastic material or from a solder with a melting temperature lower than 400 degrees Celsius. The holding device can preferably be made from steel and / or from at least one sintered material. This makes it easy to ensure the difference in melting temperatures. Steel and sintered materials typically have melting temperatures greater than 1000 degrees Celsius.

The wrap spring can also preferably be made of steel. The receiving element can also be made from a sintered material. This ensures that, in the event of a fire, the fastening device melts, which activates the locking function and the free-running function of the wrap spring, but the other load-bearing components of the blocking device can continue to perform their function unchanged.

The difference in melting temperatures can be at least 200 degrees Celsius, at least 500 degrees Celsius or at least 1000 degrees Celsius. This ensures that the blocking function is triggered safely in the event of a fire. The functional principle can also be used for other applications, e.g. as overload protection when a machine overheats.

The holding device can contain at least two plates spaced from one another, each having through openings in the region of the axis of rotation. The holding device can contain at least one spacer element, preferably several cylindrical spacer elements, by means of which the plates are arranged at a distance from one another which is determined by the at least one spacer element. It is thus possible to use a housing which is open on the side and which is easier to manufacture than a closed housing, in particular in a material-saving manner. There is also a reduced construction weight.

Fastening holes are preferably provided in both plates, in particular in otherwise identical plates, or at least in one of the plates, with which the blocking device can be mounted, in particular on a ventilation system, ventilation or ventilation, for example through holes for screws.

One of the plates can contain a circular through opening, in which the receiving element is mounted, preferably with a sliding bearing. The plain bearing is easy and inexpensive to implement. Alternatively, the receiving element can go through completely and can also be supported with its other end in the other plate, again in particular by a plain bearing. The holding element explained below would therefore not be necessary. This alternative can be used if only one end of the wrap spring is pretensioned in a thermocouple and the other end is fixed, for example, on the holding device.

The blocking device can contain a holding element, which is preferably hollow-cylindrical or essentially hollow-cylindrical and which is preferably fixedly mounted at one end in an opening of the other plate, in particular not rotatable. The holding element can be surrounded by at least one turn of the wrap spring. The holding element can be dimensioned such that part of the relaxed wrap spring securely wraps around the holding element due to the reduction in its inner diameter, so that the other part on the receiving element can fulfill the freewheeling effect with the blocking function. This variant can also be used are when both ends of the wrap spring are biased in the thermocouple or in the fastener and are exposed after the melting of the thermocouple.

The holding element can be formed at its other end as a counter bearing for the rotatable receiving of the receiving element, in particular as a plain bearing. At the contacting ends of the receiving element and the holding element, a recessed or concave edge or so-called undercut can be formed on a projection. Projections created by the undercuts can overlap as seen in the radial direction, so that there is a secure positive fit, which ensures a good hold in the radial direction and in the axial direction.

At the other end of the receiving device and / or holding device, too, a recessed or concave edge or undercut can be formed on a respective projection in the circumferential direction. This ensures a secure hold and good storage as a plain bearing or as a fixed bearing. Here, too, the positive connection offers a good hold in the radial direction and in the axial direction.

When viewed in the direction of the axis of rotation, the receiving element can have the same length as the length of the holding device. Alternatively, these lengths can differ by a maximum of 30 percent based on the sum of both lengths. The result is a holding element with a sufficiently large holding surface for the relaxed wrap spring with a sufficiently large receiving element for a drive shaft. On the receiving element, too, the contact surface for the relaxed wrap spring is large enough to perform the free-wheeling function and the locking function.

The receiving element can have a smaller outside diameter compared to the outside diameter of the holding device, preferably an outside diameter which is smaller in the range from 0.1 millimeter to 0.5 millimeter. this makes possible on the one hand a secure hold of the relaxed wrap spring on the holding element and on the other hand a not too firm hold on the receiving element for the drive shaft.

The receiving element can have an opening with a square cross section, a triangular cross section or a cross section with more than four corners transverse to the axis of rotation. A drive shaft with a suitable counter shape can thus engage in the receiving element in a rotationally secure manner. Round cross-sections and round drive shafts can also be used, however, if other measures ensure that they cannot rotate.

In general, it applies to the functioning of the blocking device with a relaxed wrap spring that friction forces act in the blocking direction at a torque, which are directed in the winding direction or in the winding direction of the windings of the wrap spring. This leads to a reduction in the diameter of the turns concerned, i.e. the noose is drawn like this. There is self-braking by further winding. In the other direction of rotation of the drive shaft, the frictional forces act counter to the winding direction, so that the diameter of the relaxed wrap spring increases again somewhat. As a result, there is no self-braking in this direction, which is why it is also called the freewheel direction.

The wrap spring can contain at least 5 or at least 10 turns, preferably less than 25 turns. The result is simple manufacture with a safe freewheel and locking function. The ends of the wrap spring can be biased to each other in the range of 5 degrees to 45 degrees. For the movement of the ends when the wrap spring is released, only a small installation space is therefore required. The wrap spring can have a square cross section, a rectangular cross section or a circular cross section and is thus of simple construction. The wrap spring can be a helical spring with closely spaced turns be what enables a compact design. Alternatively, spaces can be arranged between adjacent turns.

At least one fastening device or both fastening devices can be held between the plates, which results in an easy fastening possibility. At least one fastener may have an elongated shape compared to its largest lateral dimension, i.e. it preferably has a length that is at least three times or at least five times longer than the largest lateral dimension of the fastening device or the thermocouple.

A rectilinear groove can be provided in the fastening device and can be provided for receiving one end or both ends of the wrap spring. The fastening device can also be claimed on its own because it can also be supplied as an individual part.

According to a second aspect of the invention, a blocking device system is specified in which the blocking device according to the first aspect or its developments is arranged on a drive element of at least one fire damper. In the event of a fire, the fire damper can work as a fire damper, which should be kept closed as far as possible and must never be opened again. In a further development, the fire damper is an additional element to a ventilation flap in the same ventilation duct, the ventilation flap being used to control or regulate an air flow. The fire damper, on the other hand, is only activated in the event of a fire or for inspection purposes. Alternatively, the fire damper can operate in normal operation as a ventilation flap that controls or regulates an air flow for a ventilation or exhaust.

All the technical effects and advantages detailed above in relation to the blocking device according to the first Aspect of the invention or its developments have been described can thus also be provided by the blocking device system according to the second aspect of the invention, in which this blocking device is used.

In the blocking device system, a drive device can be arranged on the drive element, which has a housing made of a material that has a melting temperature lower than 800 degrees Celsius or lower than 600 degrees Celsius, in particular containing aluminum or consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Even if that

In the event of a power failure, the drive device closes the fire damper, for example, within 15 seconds of the power failure. A return spring of the drive device can then still offer a holding torque. If the drive device no longer develops a holding torque that holds the fire damper shut, for example because of destruction by a fire, then the blocking device provides safe locking, as has been explained in detail above. This prevents smoke from spreading in the building ventilation system and does not endanger the lives of people in rooms that are away from the fire.

• wobei die Schlingfeder unter Verwendung mindestens eines Befestigungselementes vorgespannt ist oder vorgespannt wird,
• wobei das Befestigungselement dafür vorgesehen ist, im Fall eines Brandes oder im Fall einer Überhitzung einer Maschine in seiner Festigkeit nachzulassen oder zu schmelzen und dadurch die vorgespannte Schlingfeder sich entspannen würde,
• wobei das Material des Befestigungselementes eine niedrigere Schmelztemperatur im Vergleich zu der Schmelztemperatur der Schlingfeder hat,
• wobei die entspannte Schlingfeder einen kleineren Innendurchmesser als die vorgespannte Schlingfeder hat,
• und wobei die Schlingfeder auf Grund des verringerten Innendurchmessers die Drehung der Antriebswelle in einer Richtung blockiert oder erheblich erschwert und in der anderen Richtung zulässt oder weniger blockiert als in der ersten Richtung.

According to a third aspect, a method for blocking a drive direction is specified, in particular for blocking a drive direction in a drive element for a fire damper. In the method, a wrap spring is arranged around a drive shaft which is driven by a drive unit. The following also applies:

• wherein the wrap spring is or is biased using at least one fastening element,
• wherein the fastening element is provided in the event of a fire or in the event of overheating of a machine, in its strength or to melt and this would relax the pre-tensioned wrap spring,
• the material of the fastening element having a lower melting temperature compared to the melting temperature of the wrap spring,
• the relaxed wrap spring has a smaller inner diameter than the pre-stressed wrap spring,
• and wherein the wrap spring, due to the reduced inside diameter, blocks or considerably impedes the rotation of the drive shaft in one direction and permits or blocks less in the other direction than in the first direction.

All technical effects and advantages, which have been described in detail above with reference to the blocking device according to the first aspect of the invention and its developments, thus also apply to the method according to the third aspect of the invention, in which the blocking device according to the first aspect of the invention or its training can be used.

In the method, the drive shaft can be mechanically operatively connected to at least one fire damper. In a further development, the fire damper is an additional element to a ventilation flap in the same ventilation duct, the ventilation flap being used to control or regulate an air flow. The fire damper, on the other hand, is only activated in the event of a fire or for inspection purposes. Alternatively, the fire damper can operate in normal operation as a ventilation flap that controls or regulates an air flow for a ventilation or exhaust.

The fire damper is locked securely in a simple manner by the functional principle used, ie thermal activation of a wrap spring freewheel with blockage in the opposite direction. It is still possible to close the flap completely, but counteracting the opening of the flap is counteracted.

In other words, a clutch with a temperature-dependent unidirectional locking function for fire damper is described. In today's fire damper, the flap is closed by a drive within 15 seconds in the event of a fire. The drive usually burns in the following 2 minutes to 60 minutes, for example. All parts that are not made of steel melt and fall off the folding shaft. Without a drive on the flap shaft, there is no holding torque on the flap and the flap could open unintentionally. The unwanted opening of a flap in the event of a fire must be prevented.

The solution could be placed in the actuator. A metal spring wedge could be pivoted onto the metal segment by means of a “fuse”. The wedge geometry would then have to be designed so that the segment can still close at any time, but can no longer open.

According to the in the Figures 1 to 5 The solution shown can also be carried out separately from the actuator. The proposed coupling with temperature-dependent unidirectional locking function is pushed on the steamer shaft and fixed to the damper housing. The clutch allows bidirectional movement in normal operation by the actuator. In the event of a fire, the plastic of the "thermal fuse" of the coupling melts away. At this moment the wrap spring closes and the clutch can only be turned in one direction. The wrap spring blocks the rotary movement in the opposite direction. In the Figures 2 and 3rd the coupling with unidirectional locking function is shown. In the Figure 4 the coupling is already mounted and fixed on the damper. According to Figure 5 the actuator is mounted on the damper and also on the clutch.

The architecture or the materials of the actuator used are free from the "locking function" or the locking function. The flap remains locked. This can save manufacturing costs for the actuator.

The new coupling with temperature-dependent unidirectional locking function can be purchased by the customer as an additional module. If the function is required, he buys it. Otherwise, it saves the expenses for an unnecessary function.

Figur 1

eine Prinzip-Skizze eines Systems mit Blockiervorrichtung bzw. Kupplung,

Figur 2

eine Blockiervorrichtung in Schrägansicht,

Figur 3

einen Querschnitt durch die in der Figur 2 gezeigte Blockiervorrichtung entlang der Schnittebene 3-3 gemäß Figur 2,

Figur 4

die auf einem Blech eines Dämpfers montierte Blockiervorrichtung bzw. Kupplung, und

Figur 5

das Blockiervorrichtungssystem mit auf dem Dämpfer montierter Aktuatoreinheit.

Further advantages, technical effects, features and details of the invention and of further developments result from the following description, in which an embodiment of the invention is described in detail with reference to the drawing. It shows schematically:

Figure 1

a basic sketch of a system with blocking device or clutch,

Figure 2

a blocking device in an oblique view,

Figure 3

a cross section through in the Figure 2 Blocking device shown along the section plane 3-3 according to Figure 2 ,

Figure 4

the blocking device or clutch mounted on a sheet of a damper, and

Figure 5

the blocking device system with an actuator unit mounted on the damper.

• eine Aktuatorvorrichtung 100,
• einen Lüftungskanal 110, und
• eine Antriebswelle 112.

The Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a blocking device system 1 with blocking device 10 or clutch. The blocking device system 1 is, for example, part of a comprehensive technical building infrastructure, which is controlled, for example, according to the BACnet (Building Automation and Control Networks) standard. The blocking device 10 can also be referred to as a thermally switched freewheel device or clutch. The blocking device system 1 further includes:

• an actuator device 100,
• a ventilation duct 110, and
• a drive shaft 112.

A fire damper 114 can be arranged in the ventilation duct 110, for example if a longitudinal section through the ventilation duct is shown, see arrow 116, which indicates air movement in this case. The fire damper 114 can For example, have a square or circular shape, the cross section of the ventilation duct 110 is adapted accordingly. Elsewhere, ventilation flaps (not shown) can be arranged in the ventilation duct 110, which serve to control or regulate an air flow during normal operation of the ventilation system, ie when there is no fire in a building, in an underground car park or in another building technology Infrastructure is in place.

Alternatively, several fire dampers 114, 120 can also be arranged in the ventilation duct 110, for example if in Figure 1 the ventilation duct 110 is shown in a cross section, in this case see arrow 122, which indicates an air flow which is directed towards the viewer. The same applies accordingly to ventilation duct 110.

The actuator device 100 may include a single-stage or multi-stage transmission 120 that is driven by the motor, see arrow 122. The transmission output of the transmission is connected to the drive shaft 112, see arrow 124.

• eine Schlingfeder 130,
• Federenden 132, 134 der Schlingfeder 130,
• ein Thermoelement bzw. ein Befestigungselement 140, alternativ auch mehrere Thermoelemente 140, 142.

The following components of the blocking device 10 are arranged in an open housing or in a holding device 150:

• a wrap spring 130,
• Spring ends 132, 134 of wrap spring 130,
• one thermocouple or one fastening element 140, alternatively also a plurality of thermocouples 140, 142.

The thermocouple or the fastening element 140 receives the ends 132, 134 of the wrap spring 130, the wrap spring 130 being pretensioned, which increases its inner diameter somewhat in comparison to the relaxed state, so that in normal operation an essentially unimpeded rotation of the drive shaft in both drive directions or Rotation directions 160 and 170 can take place. So there is in normal operation no blockage 180 in the opposite direction or in the direction of rotation 170.

With regard to the functional principle of the blocking device 10 in the event of a fire, reference is made to the introduction, in particular to the melting of the thermocouple 140 or the thermocouples 140, 142. The mechanical relaxation of the wrap spring 130, the associated reduction in the diameter and the freewheel effect in the direction of rotation 160, i.e. in a direction of rotation in which the fire damper 114, 120 is closed and the blockage 180 in the opposite direction 170, i.e. in a direction of rotation in which the fire damper 114, 120 would have to be opened.

In the Figure 1 there is also drawn an axis of rotation A about which the drive shaft 112 rotates, which has a suitable cross-sectional shape transverse to the axis of rotation. Furthermore, a radial direction R with respect to the axis of rotation A is shown.

• eine Schlingfeder 130b als besondere Ausgestaltung der Schlingfeder 130, und
• ein Thermoelement 140b als besondere Ausgestaltung des Thermoelementes 140.

The Figure 2 shows a blocking device 10b in an oblique view. The blocking device 10b is a special embodiment of the blocking device 10 and contains, for example:

• a wrap spring 130b as a special configuration of the wrap spring 130, and
• a thermocouple 140b as a special embodiment of the thermocouple 140.

• einer oberen Gehäuseplatte 200 mit einer Durchgangsöffnung 201,
• einer unteren Gehäuseplatte 202 mit einer Durchgangsöffnung 203, und mit
• Abstandsstiften 204 bis 208.

The housing or the holding device 150 is now designed as an open housing with:

• an upper housing plate 200 with a through opening 201,
• a lower housing plate 202 with a through opening 203, and with
• Spacers 204 to 208.

There are upper mounting holes 210 in the upper housing plate 200. In the lower housing plate 202 there are lower mounting holes 220. Thus, the installation direction can be selected according to the requirements.

In the upper part of the blocking device 10b, a receiving element 230 can be seen, which receives the drive shaft 112 or another drive shaft. The receiving element 230 is shown below with reference to FIG Figure 3 explained in more detail.

In the lower part of the blocking device 10b, a holding element 240 can be seen, which is firmly connected to the lower housing plate 202 and on which the receiving element 230 and, in the relaxed state of the wrap spring 130b, also the wrap spring 130b is held or supported. The holding element 240 is also shown below in FIG Figure 3 explained in more detail.

The Figure 2 further shows a through opening 250 through which the drive shaft 112 can extend through the entire blocking device 10b.

A distance AS lies between the housing plates 200 and 202 and is set by the spacer elements 208.

The Figure 3 shows a cross section through in the Figure 2 Blocking device shown along the section plane 3-3 according to Figure 2 .

A longitudinal groove 300 in the thermocouple 140b can be clearly seen. The two ends 132 and 134 are supported in the longitudinal groove 300, the wrap spring 130b being pretensioned. Alternatively, only one end 132 or 134 can be stored in the thermocouple 140b. The other end is then, for example, in the other direction compared to that in the Figure 3 Curvature direction shown curved and fixed on the lower housing plate 202 in the case of the end 132 or on the upper housing plate in the case of the end 134, for example. In an opening or bore to be provided for this purpose. In addition, alternatively, two thermocouples 140b can be used next to one another lying thermocouples are provided, each receiving one end 132 or 134 of the wrap spring 130b.

The receiving element 230 is essentially cylindrical with an opening 320, which in the example can receive a square drive shaft 112 or 112b, in particular with a square cross section. The receiving element 230 has a circumferential concave edge or undercut K1 at its upper edge and a circumferential concave edge or undercut K2 at its lower edge or end. An inside projection is formed by the edge K1 and is mounted with a sliding fit in the through opening 201 of the upper housing plate 200.

The holding element 240 is hollow-cylindrical or essentially hollow-cylindrical in shape with an inner diameter that corresponds to the inner diameter on the receiving element 230. The holding element 240 has an upper circumferential concave edge or undercut K3 at its upper edge and a circumferential concave edge or undercut K4 at its lower edge or end. An inside projection is formed by the edge K4, which is fixed, for example with a press fit or even welded, in the opening 203 of the lower housing plate 202.

An inside projection is formed by the edge K2, which is mounted with a sliding fit on the holding element 240 and overlaps with an outside projection on the holding element 240 in the radial direction R, the projection being formed by the edge K3.

Like in the Figure 3 can also be seen, the thermocouple 140b is received in the lower housing plate 202 in a lower receiving opening 302 and in the upper housing plate 200 in a receiving opening 304.

For the outer diameters D1, D2 of the receiving element 230 or the holding element 240, the ones mentioned in the introduction apply Dimensioning specifications, ie the outer diameter D1 of the receiving element 230 can be selected to be somewhat smaller than the outer diameter D3 of the holding element 240.

A winding W of the wrap spring 130b is in the Figure 3 designated. In the example, the wrap spring 130b has approximately 12 windings W. A length L1 of the receiving element 230 is, for example, approximately or exactly the same as a length L2 of the holding element 240. The sum of the lengths L1 and L2 corresponds approximately to that in Figure 2 shown distance AS.

The Figure 4 shows the blocking device 10b or clutch mounted on a sheet of a damper. A mounting plate 400 is, for example, part of a ventilation duct 110 or part of a housing for one or more fire protection flaps 114, 120. The blocking device 10b is screwed onto the mounting plate, for example with screws, which are also inserted through the holes 203.

The Figure 5 shows the blocking device system 1 with the actuator unit 500 mounted on the damper. The actuator unit 500 contains, for example, two housing halves 502, 504, which are made, for example, of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. In the housing halves 502, 504, in particular those based on Figure 1 included units, ie motor M, gear 120, possibly also an electronic control unit. A connection or control line 510 supplies the actuator unit 500 with an operating voltage and / or with suitable control signals for actuating the motor M, ie for opening and closing the fire damper (s) 114, 120. A fastening element 520 serves to fasten the actuator unit 500 the drive shaft 112b. In addition, reference is made to the introduction regarding the function of the system in the event of a fire, that is to say, in particular, to securely hold the fire damper (s) closed even when the actuator unit 500 is without voltage or is even completely destroyed, for example by melting due to the high temperatures a fire. The exemplary embodiments are not to scale and are not restrictive. Modifications in the context of professional action are possible. Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail by the preferred exemplary embodiment, the invention is not restricted by the disclosed examples and other variations can be derived therefrom by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the invention. The further developments and refinements mentioned in the introduction can be combined with one another. The exemplary embodiments mentioned in the description of the figures can also be combined with one another. Furthermore, the developments and refinements mentioned in the introduction can be combined with the exemplary embodiments mentioned in the description of the figures. If the word "can" is used, it is an implementation possibility or, alternatively, an actually implemented technical implementation.

Reference list

1

Blocking device system

10, 10b

Blocking device

100

Actuator device

110

Ventilation duct

112, 112b

drive shaft

114, 120

Fire damper

116, 122

arrow

120

transmission

122, 124

arrow

130, 130b

Wrap spring

132, 134

Spring end

140, 140b

Thermocouple / fastener

142

alternative thermocouple

150

Holding device

160

Direction of rotation (closing)

170

Direction of rotation (opening)

180

blockade

M

engine

A

Axis of rotation

AS

distance

R

radial direction

200, 202

upper or lower housing plate

201, 203

Through opening

204 to 208

Spacer pins

210, 220 -

upper or lower mounting holes

230

Receiving element

240

Holding element

250

Through opening

3-3

Cutting plane

300

Longitudinal groove

302, 304

lower or upper receiving opening

D1, D2

outer diameter

320

opening

W

Swirl

K1 to K4

concave edge or undercut

L1, L2

length

400

Mounting plate on ventilation duct

500

Actuator unit

502, 504

Half of the housing

510

Connection / control line

520

Fastener

Claims (15)

Blocking device (10, 10b), in particular for a fire damper (114, 120), comprising: - a holding device (150), a receiving element (230) rotatably mounted in the holding device (150) about an axis of rotation (A) with a passage opening (250), the passage axis of which runs coaxially or parallel to the axis of rotation (A), - A wrap spring (130, 130b) of the blocking device (10, 10b), which is mechanically pretensioned in the holding device (150) and whose at least one turn (W) is arranged around the receiving element (230), and containing at least one fastening device (140) which holds at least one end (132, 134) of the wrap spring (130, 130b) with respect to the holding device (150) in the prestressed state, - wherein the at least one fastening device (140, 142) is made of a material that has a lower melting temperature than the material with the lowest melting temperature in the holding device (150) and / or as the melting temperature of the material of the wrap spring (130, 130b) . Blocking device (10, 10b) according to claim 1, the at least one fastening device (140, 142) is made from a plastic material or from a solder with a melting temperature lower than 400 degrees Celsius, - The holding device (150) is preferably made of steel and / or at least one sintered material, - The wrap spring (130, 130b) is preferably made of steel, - The receiving element (230) is preferably made of a sintered material, and - The difference in melting temperatures preferably being at least 200 degrees Celsius, at least 500 degrees Celsius or at least 1000 degrees Celsius. Blocking device (10, 10b) according to claim 1 or 2, - wherein a single fastening device (140) is provided which holds both ends (132, 134) of the wrap spring (130, 130b) with respect to the holding device (150) in the prestressed state or which holds one end (134) of the wrap spring (130, 130b) holds in the prestressed state with respect to the holding device (150), - The other end (132) of the wrap spring (130, 130b) on the holding device (150) is fixed, or - Two fastening devices (140, 142) are provided, each holding one end (132, 134) of the wrap spring (130, 130b) with respect to the holding device (150) in the prestressed state. Blocking device (10, 10b) according to one of the preceding claims, - The holding device (150) has at least two spaced apart housing plates (200, 202), each having through openings (201, 203) in the region of the axis of rotation (A), and - The holding device (150) has at least one spacer element (204 to 208), preferably a plurality of cylindrical spacer elements (204 to 208), through or through which the housing plates (200, 202) in one through the at least one spacer element (204 to 208) fixed distance (AS) to each other. Blocking device (10, 10b) according to claim 4, wherein one of the housing plates (200) contains a circular through opening (201) in which the receiving element (230) is mounted, preferably with a sliding bearing. Blocking device (10, 10b) according to claim 5, with a holding element (240), which is preferably hollow cylindrical or substantially hollow cylindrical and which is preferably fixed at one end in an opening (203) of the other housing plate (202), in particular not rotatable, the holding element (240) being surrounded by at least one turn (W) of the wrap spring (130, 130b). Blocking device (10, 10b) according to claim 5 and 6, - The holding element (240) is designed at its other end as a counter bearing for the rotatable receiving of the receiving element (230), in particular as a sliding bearing, - Wherein preferably at the contacting ends of the receiving element (230) and holding element (240) in each case a recessed edge (K2, K3) or undercut (K2, K3) is formed on a projection, and - The projections preferably overlap as seen in the radial direction (R). Blocking device (10, 10b) according to claim 7, wherein at the other end of the receiving device (230) and / or holding device (240) a circumferentially recessed edge (K1, K4) or undercut (K1, K4) is formed on a respective projection is. Blocking device (10, 10b) according to one of Claims 6 to 8, - The receiving element (230) in the direction of the axis of rotation (A) seen the same length (L1) as the length (L1) of the holding device (240) or that these lengths (L1, L2) by a maximum of 30 percent based on the Distinguish the sum of both lengths (L1, L2) the receiving element (230) preferably has a smaller outside diameter (D1) than the outside diameter (D2) of the holding device (240), preferably an outside diameter (D1) which is smaller in the range from 0.1 millimeter to 0.5 millimeter, and - Preferably, the receiving element (230) transverse to the axis of rotation has an opening (320) with a square cross section, with a triangular cross section or with a cross section with more than four corners. Blocking device (10, 10b) according to one of the preceding claims, the wrap spring (130, 130b) contains at least 5 or at least 10 turns (W), preferably less than 25 turns, the ends (132, 134) of the wrap spring (130, 130b) are preferably biased in the range from 5 degrees to 45 degrees to one another, - wherein the wrap spring (130, 130b) preferably has a square cross section, a rectangular cross section or a circular cross section, and - Wherein preferably the wrap spring (130, 130b) is a coil spring with closely adjacent turns (W). Blocking device (10, 10b) according to one of the preceding claims, at least one of the fastening devices (140) or both fastening devices (140, 142) is or are held between two housing plates (200, 202) or, when reference is made to one of claims 4 to 9, between the housing plates (200, 202), - wherein at least one of the fastening devices (140, 142) has an elongated shape in comparison to its largest lateral dimension, preferably with a length which is at least three times or at least five times longer than the largest lateral dimension, and - Wherein in at least one of the fastening devices (140, 142) there is preferably a straight groove (300) for receiving one end (132, 134) or both ends (132, 134) of the wrap spring (130, 130b). Blocking device system (1), comprising a blocking device (10, 10b) according to one of the preceding claims and at least one fire damper (114, 120), - The blocking device (10b) being arranged on a drive element (112, 112b) of the at least one fire damper 114, 120), and - The fire damper (114, 120) must be kept closed in the event of a fire. The blocking device system (1) according to claim 12, wherein a drive device (100, 500) is arranged on the drive element (112) and has a housing (502, 504) made of a material that has a melting temperature lower than 800 degrees Celsius or lower than 600 Degrees Celsius, in particular containing aluminum or consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Method for blocking a drive direction (170), in particular in the case of a drive element (112, 112b) for a fire damper (114, 120), comprising: Arranging a wrap spring (130, 130b) around a drive shaft (112, 112b) which is driven by a drive unit (100), - wherein the wrap spring (130, 130b) is pretensioned or pretensioned using at least one fastening element (140, 140b, 142), the fastening element (140, 140b, 142) is provided in the event of a fire or in the event of overheating of a machine, in which its strength decreases or melts and the prestressed wrap spring would thereby relax, the material of the fastening element (140, 140b, 142) has a lower melting temperature compared to the melting temperature of the wrap spring (130, 130b), - The relaxed wrap spring (130, 130b) has a smaller inner diameter than the pretensioned wrap spring (130, 130b), and - Wherein the wrap spring (130, 130b) due to the reduced inside diameter, the rotation of the drive shaft (112) in one direction of rotation (170) blocks (180) or makes it considerably more difficult and in the other direction of rotation (160) allows or blocks less than in the first Direction of rotation (170). The method of claim 14, wherein the method uses a blocking device (10, 10b) according to one of claims 1 to 11 or a blocking device system (1) according to claim 12 or 13.

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