EP3634448A1 - Composition de phycocyanine pour son utilisation pour inhiber la resorption osseuse - Google Patents
Composition de phycocyanine pour son utilisation pour inhiber la resorption osseuseInfo
- Publication number
- EP3634448A1 EP3634448A1 EP18730315.1A EP18730315A EP3634448A1 EP 3634448 A1 EP3634448 A1 EP 3634448A1 EP 18730315 A EP18730315 A EP 18730315A EP 3634448 A1 EP3634448 A1 EP 3634448A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- phycocyanin
- composition
- bone
- use according
- osteoporosis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
- A61K35/74—Bacteria
- A61K35/748—Cyanobacteria, i.e. blue-green bacteria or blue-green algae, e.g. spirulina
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/135—Bacteria or derivatives thereof, e.g. probiotics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
- A23L33/18—Peptides; Protein hydrolysates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/164—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
- A61P19/10—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease for osteoporosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of inhibition of bone resorption in humans or animals.
- the bone is not a static fabric.
- the bone undergoes constant remodeling through destruction and de novo synthesis of bone tissue in a complex process involving two main types of cells, osteoblasts that produce new bone tissue and osteoclasts that destroy bone.
- the remodeling of the bone tissue coordinates the bone resorption and formation, thus ensuring the renewal of the skeleton, safeguarding its structure.
- the remodeling process is always initialized by resorption, followed after a certain time by bone formation.
- Osteoblasts cells responsible for bone formation, differentiate from precursor cells and express and secrete structural proteins such as type 1 collagen, as well as enzymes (alkaline phosphatase) and many regulatory peptides.
- BMP Bisphogenetic Proteins
- Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that are responsible for bone loss, in a process commonly referred to as bone resorption.
- the activity of bone formation predominates: it is the acquisition of bone capital.
- the balanced action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts allows bone mass to be maintained over time and at the same time reshapes the bone tissue by resorption and de novo synthesis of the bone. 'bone.
- osteopenia
- Age-related osteopenia is a universal, non-pathological phenomenon in itself, but it is the field of osteoporosis, since the reduction of bone mass is the essential etiological factor in the genesis of this condition. However, it does not exclude the influence of other parameters such as, for example, skeletal architecture or propensity to fall.
- osteopenia leads to fracture risk (mineral density below which the slightest shock is likely to cause a fracture) which determines the appearance of osteoporosis.
- Osteoporosis post-menopausal or senile
- an infantile pathology whose prophylaxis could be based as well on (i) optimization of the bone capital (acquired during the growth of the individual), that ( ii) a slowing down of bone loss associated with aging.
- osteoporosis a pathological disorder related to an imbalance of bone metabolism
- Paget's disease a pathological disorder related to an imbalance of bone metabolism
- osteolysis a pathological disorder related to an imbalance of bone metabolism
- osteoporosis the most frequent manifestation of which is observed in women, after the onset of menopause.
- Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by a reduction in bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, associated with an increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture.
- the health status of an individual's bone is determined by the value of bone mineral density (BMD), as measured by bone densitometry, compared to a predetermined normal value, this predetermined normal value being that of the average peak bone mineral density of the 30-year-old population.
- BMD bone mineral density
- osteoporosis There are two types of osteoporosis, type I and type II, respectively.
- Type I osteoporosis is six times more common in women than in men. Type I osteoporosis occurs mainly in a subgroup of postmenopausal women, aged 51 to 75 years, and is characterized by exaggerated bone loss predominant in the trabecular bone. Fractures of the vertebral bodies and the lower extremity of the forearm are the usual complications.
- Type I osteoporosis is mainly related to the estrogen hormone deficiency of menopause, and to a certain extent also to andropause.
- Type II osteoporosis affects a large population of men and women over 70 years of age and is associated with fractures of the femoral neck, upper extremity of the humerus and tibia, ie bone sites containing both cortical bone and trabecular bone. Circulating levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) are often high.
- PTH parathyroid hormone
- Osteoporosis type II is twice as common in women.
- selective estrogen receptor modulators such as raloxifene
- SERMs selective estrogen receptor modulators
- raloxifene a compound that is devoid of effect at the fractures of the upper end of the femur (More study) and is contraindicated in patients with a history of thromboembolism.
- this treatment increases the frequency of hot flashes.
- Synthetic steroids such as tibolone, which has estrogenic and progestative activity, are also known to have low androgenic properties, but may cause leucorrhea, vaginitis, mastodynia, and weight gain.
- agents commonly used as inhibitors of bone resorption include alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate and zoledronic acid. Mention may also be made of denosumab, which is a monoclonal antibody targeting the RANK / RANKL system.
- denosumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the RANK / RANKL system.
- the marketing authorizations as medicaments of these different compounds are restricted to a curative indication of osteoporosis.
- These bone resorption inhibitors are not currently prescribed for osteoporosis preventive activity.
- bone resorption inhibitors results in a variety of side effects such as (i) adverse gastrointestinal effects for alendronate, risedronate and ibandronate; (ii) oral lesions and osteonecrosis jaws, even fractures, for zoledronic acid, and (iii) cardiac damage to denosumab.
- the present invention relates to a phycocyanin composition for use in inhibiting bone resorption in humans or animals.
- said composition is a nutritional composition adapted for oral administration.
- said nutritional composition is intended to prevent bone loss, also called osteopenia, particularly in individuals in whom the occurrence of bone loss can be expected, for example because of age or bone loss likely to occur because of other factors, such as taking medication.
- said composition is a pharmaceutical composition for human or veterinary use.
- said nutritional composition or pharmaceutical composition is intended to prevent bone loss, also known as osteopenia.
- said nutritional composition or said pharmaceutical composition is intended to prevent the bone loss that occurs with aging or due to taking drugs, or to prevent bone loss occurring during certain diseases such as obesity, diabetes, thyroid pathologies and pathologies of the adrenal glands.
- said nutritional composition is adapted for administration, particularly oral administration, of a daily amount of from 0.01 to 10,000 mg of the phycocyanin compound.
- said nutritional composition is adapted for daily administration, particularly daily oral administration, ranging from 0.05 mg / kg to 1000 mg / kg, preferably from 1 mg / kg to 200 mg / kg. which includes from 10 mg / kg to 100 mg / kg.
- said pharmaceutical composition is adapted for administration, particularly oral administration, of a daily amount of from 1 mg to 10,000 mg of the phycocyanin compound, which includes adaptation to daily administration ranging from from 4 mg to 8000 mg.
- said pharmaceutical composition is adapted for daily administration, particularly daily oral administration, ranging from 0.05 mg / kg to 1000 mg / kg, preferably from 1 mg / kg to 200 mg / kg. and preferably from 10 mg / kg to 100 mg / kg.
- a phycocyanin composition according to the invention may be intended to prevent or treat any type of osteopenia.
- said composition is intended to prevent or treat a pathology selected from type I or type II osteoporosis, secondary osteoporosis, Paget's disease, bone loss or osteolysis observed in the vicinity of a prosthesis.
- Figure 1 illustrates the results of measurement of bone mass in different groups of animals.
- Ordinate bone mineral density (BMD) values, expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g / cm 3 or g / cc).
- BMD bone mineral density
- OVX-Control ovariectomy control group
- OVX-Spirulina ovariectomized group having received a diet supplemented with lysed spirulina
- OVX-phycocyanin ovariectomized group receiving a diet supplemented with purified phycocyanin.
- Figure 2 illustrates the results of measuring the proliferation of a mouse pre-osteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1 line).
- osteoblast proliferation index corresponding to the cellular mitochondrial activity expressed in optical density variation per hour ( ⁇ OD / h)
- the pre-osteoblast culture conditions from left to right in FIG.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the proliferation results of a mouse osteoclast line (line RAW264.7) exposed to different culture conditions.
- Osteoclast proliferation index (corresponding to the cellular mitochondrial activity expressed in optical density variation per minute ( ⁇ OD / min)).
- the culture conditions of the osteoclasts from the left to the right of FIG.
- FIG 4 illustrates the measurements of the enzymatic activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expressed by osteoclasts (cells of the Raw 264.7 line) in culture. On the ordinate: TRAP activity, expressed in optical density variation per hour and per milligram of proteins ( ⁇ OD / h / mg proteins).
- TRAP activity expressed in optical density variation per hour and per milligram of proteins ( ⁇ OD / h / mg proteins).
- FIG. 5 illustrates the measurements of the enzymatic activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expressed by osteoclasts (cells of the Raw 264.7 line) in culture.
- TRAP activity expressed in optical density variation per hour and per milligram of proteins ( ⁇ OD / h / mg proteins).
- the culture conditions of the following osteoclasts (i) C: culture medium alone; (ii) RL: culture medium supplemented with 50 ng / ml RANK-L; (iii) group of two bars.
- Figure 6 illustrates the expression of the TRAP coding gene in osteoclast cultures of RAW 264.7. On the ordinate: level of expression of the gene encoding TRAP, expressed in number of increases (fold increase). On the abscissa, from the left to the right of FIG.
- Control culture medium alone
- RL culture medium supplemented with 50 ng / ml RANK-L
- RL + Phy5 RL medium supplemented with 5 ⁇ g / ml of purified phycocyanin
- RL + PhylO RL medium supplemented with 10 ⁇ g / ml of purified phycocyanin
- RL + Phy25 RL medium supplemented with 25 ⁇ g / ml of purified phycocyanin
- RL + Phy50 RL medium supplemented with 50 ⁇ g / ml of purified phycocyanin
- RL + PhylOO RL medium supplemented with 100 ⁇ g / ml of purified phycocyanin.
- Figure 7 illustrates the expression of the gene encoding Nox4 in RAW 264.7 osteoclast cultures. On the ordinate: level of expression of the gene coding Nox4, expressed in number of increases (fold increase). On the abscissa, from the left to the right of FIG.
- Control culture medium alone
- RL culture medium supplemented with 50 ng / ml RANK-L
- RL + Phy5 RL medium supplemented with 5 ⁇ g / ml of purified phycocyanin
- RL + PhylO RL medium supplemented with 10 ⁇ g / ml of purified phycocyanin
- RL + Phy25 RL medium supplemented with 25 ⁇ g / ml of purified phycocyanin
- RL + Phy50 RL medium supplemented with 50 ⁇ g / ml of purified phycocyanin
- RL + PhylOO RL medium supplemented with 100 ⁇ g / ml of purified phycocyanin.
- Figure 8 illustrates the expression of the gene encoding NFATC1 in RAW 264.7 osteoclast cultures. On the ordinate: level of expression of the gene coding Nox4, expressed in number of increases (fold increase). On the abscissa, from the left to the right of FIG.
- Control culture medium alone
- RL culture medium supplemented with 50 ng / ml RANK-L
- RL + Phy5 RL medium supplemented with 5 ⁇ g / ml of purified phycocyanin
- RL + PhylO RL medium supplemented with 10 ⁇ g / ml of purified phycocyanin
- RL + Phy25 RL medium supplemented with 25 ⁇ g / ml of purified phycocyanin
- RL + Phy50 RL medium supplemented with 50 ⁇ g / ml of purified phycocyanin
- RL + PhylOO RL medium supplemented with 100 ⁇ g / ml of purified phycocyanin.
- phycocyanin has an inhibitory effect on osteoclastic activity in in vivo and in vitro models of induced deregulation of bone metabolism.
- Phycocyanin is a protein of the family of phycobiliproteins, which are present in some cyanobacteria. Phycocyanin consists of two protein subunits, the alpha and beta subunits, respectively. The phycocyanin has a plurality of bilefinic chromophoric moieties, wherein these chromophore groups are covalently bound to the phycocyanin via thioether linkages to cysteine residues. The phycocyanin has a bile group linked to the alpha subunit and two bile groups linked to the beta subunit.
- Phycocyanin is present in cyanobacteria, such as Spirulina platensis, as a complex mixture of trimers, hexamers and decamers (Romay et al, 2003, Current Protein and Peptide Science, Vol 4: 207-216). ).
- Phycocyanin is therefore a protein found in extracts obtained from cyanobacteria of the genus Spirulina, and in particular from Spirulina platensis.
- Spirulina extracts have a complex composition.
- Such extracts typically comprise from 50% to 70% by weight of protein, from 4% to 7% by weight of lipids (83% of saponifiable fraction and 17% of unsaponifiable fraction), from 15% to 25% by weight of carbohydrates, in relation to the weight of the dry matter.
- Spirulina extracts also include water-soluble vitamins (eg, vitamins B1, B2, B6, B9, B12 and vitamin C), fat-soluble vitamins (eg beta-carotene, tocopherols), pigments, many minerals and trace elements (eg, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, chromium, manganese, sodium, potassium). It is qualitatively based on the high protein content of spirulina extracts in food supplements, due to the presence of all the essential amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and valine).
- water-soluble vitamins eg, vitamins B1, B2, B6, B9, B12 and vitamin C
- fat-soluble vitamins eg beta-carotene, tocopherols
- pigments eg, many minerals and trace elements (eg, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, chromium, manganese, sodium, potassium). It is qualitative
- Spirulina extracts are known for a variety of health benefits, including immune system stimulation, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, detoxifying, and anti-hyperlipidemia properties. Spirulina extracts are marketed today as a dietary supplement, because of its many alleged beneficial effects. However, spirulina extracts can also induce adverse effects, such as the induction of impaired bone metabolism, leading to a reduction in bone mineral density, particularly in individuals with hormonal deficiency, and more specifically in individuals with estrogen deficiency (Ishimi et al., Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, Vol 70 (No. 2): 363-368).
- phycocyanin which is one of the protein components predominantly present in spirulina extracts, has, unlike extracts of spirulina, properties of inhibition of the reduction in bone metabolism observed in individuals with estrogen deficiency.
- a phycocyanin composition has properties of inhibition of osteoclastic activity in individuals suffering from an estrogen deficiency. It is thus shown in the examples that a phycocyanin composition makes it possible to inhibit the effect of reducing bone mineral density (demineralization process) in individuals with estrogen deficiency. In particular, it has been shown that individuals who have received a phycocyanin composition show an increase in the level of the OPG (osteoprotegerin) protein marker, compared with individuals who have not received this composition.
- OPG osteoprotegerin
- OPG Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand
- RANKL for "Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand” being a protein synthesized by osteoblasts which acts on the differentiation and the activation of osteoclasts when it binds to RANK receiver.
- the increase in the level of expression of the OPG marker as well as the OPG / RANK-L ratio in individuals having received a phycocyanin composition is indicative of an inhibitory effect on the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts and a favorable orientation of bone metabolism (towards osteo-formation).
- a phycocyanin composition induces an inhibition of the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts in vitro.
- a phycocyanin composition inhibits a protein marker of osteoclastic activity such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP, for "Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase”).
- TRAP tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
- a phycocyanin composition inhibits the expression of genes that differentiate osteoclasts, such as genes trap (encoding the TRAP protein) and nfatcl (encoding the NFATC1 protein), as well as genes indicative of oxidative stress, such as NOX4 (encoding the NOX4 protein).
- the inventors have also shown that a phycocyanin composition induces proliferation of osteoblasts.
- the phycocyanin does not have a detectable effect mimicking the activity of an estrogen-like compound, also called "estrogen-like” effect, as evidenced by the low weight of uterine horns, as well as the lack of weight gain in treated rats.
- the inventors believe that the activity of a phycocyanin composition on the bone metabolism of individuals with estrogen deficiency is mainly due to an activity of inhibition of bone resorption, although part of the activity of a phycocyanin composition may also be due to an activity of stimulating bone formation, since an induction of osteoblast proliferation is also shown.
- the present invention relates to a phycocyanin composition for use in inhibiting bone resorption in humans or animals.
- said phycocyanin composition is a nutritional composition.
- a phycocyanin nutritional composition such a composition is suitable for oral administration.
- phytocyanin is meant according to the invention the protein referenced under the CAS No. 11016-15-2. Preferentially, it is a phycocyanin originating from a cyanobacterium of the species Spirulina platensis.
- Phycocyanin means the entire protein, which does not include peptide fragments of this protein.
- the term "phycocyanin composition” means a composition enriched in phycocyanin, that is to say a composition comprising at least 40% by weight of phycocyanin, relative to the total dry weight of the composition.
- dry weight means the dry weight of said composition.
- the weight of dry matter may be determined by those skilled in the art according to any known technique, including after removal of water by drying the composition in the oven until complete evaporation of the water which was initially contained in it.
- the drying step in the oven can be conventionally performed at a temperature ranging from 103 ° C to 110 ° C at atmospheric pressure.
- a phycocyanin composition comprising at least 40% by weight of phycocyanin, based on the dry weight of the composition, includes phycocyanin compositions comprising at least 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45% , 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62 %, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95% , 96%, 97%, 98% and 99% by weight of phycocyanin, relative to the total dry weight of the composition.
- a phycocyanin composition comprises at most 60% by weight of compounds other than phycocyanin, based on the dry weight of the composition, which includes phycocyanin compositions comprising at most 59%, 58%, 57%, 56%, 55%, 54%, 53%, 52%, 51%, 50%, 49%, 48%, 47%, 46%, 45%, 44%, 43%, 42%, 41%, 40% , 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23 %, 22%, 21%, 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% and 1% by weight of compounds other than phycocyanin, relative to the total dry weight of the composition.
- the compounds other than phycocyanin may be compounds initially present in the starting material which has been used, for example in the starting material from spirulina, prior to the implementation of a process for extracting and enriching phycocyanin from the starting raw material.
- compositions comprising at least 40% by weight of phycocyanin are commercially available. Mention may in particular be made of the following compositions: (i) C-Phycocyanin sold by Sigma-Aldrich under the reference No. P2172 and No. P6161, (ii) C-Phycocyanin (Spirulina sp) sold by the company Prozyme (Hayward, Canada) under the reference No. PB11, (iii) C-phycocyanin marketed by Soley Institute (Istanbul, Turkey) under the reference A620 / 280.
- the phycocyanin can also be obtained by extraction from certain cyanobacteria such as the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis, according to methods known to those skilled in the art.
- cyanobacteria such as the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis
- a person skilled in the art can in particular refer to the methods described by Moraes et al. (2011, Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol 28 (No. 1): 45-49), Kamble et al. (2013, J Applied Pharmaceutical Science, Vol 3 (No. 8): 149-153), Sivasankari et al. (International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, Vol 3 (No. 8): 904-909), Slimane et al.
- inhibition of bone resorption is meant according to the invention, an inhibition of bone destruction activity by osteoclasts.
- a person skilled in the art can, for example, measure the urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline, a decrease in the excretion of deoxypyridinoline being the reflection of an inhibition of the bone resorption (in: The biological markers of bone remodeling: pre-analytical variations and recommendations for their use., P. Garnero, F. Bianchi, Carlier PC, V. Genty, N. Jacob, S Kamel, C. Kindermans, E. Pluvier, M.
- telopeptide C of type 1 collagen bypass or "CTX" for "collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide"
- CTX collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide
- CTX kit Osteoporosis test
- ELISA test kit marketed under the reference No. LS-F20998 by LifeSpan BioSciences Inc.
- ELISA test kit marketed under the reference No. AC-02F1 by the company Immunodiagnosticsystem (IDS)
- a nutritional composition or a therapeutic composition of phycocyanin as active compound is intended first of all for the prevention of bone loss due to an imbalance in the remodeling of bone tissue, in humans or animals, in particular in a mammal non-human, in particular a domestic mammal such as a dog or a cat, equines such as a horse, or in animals other than mammals such as avian species, which includes farmed avian species such as hens, geese, ducks, turkeys, pigeons etc.
- the phycocyanin composition is particularly intended for individuals with symptoms of bone deficit (osteopenia), or likely to suffer from bone deficit, that is to say, an imbalance in the relationship between the formation of bone and resorption bone, which, if continued, induces a decrease in bone mass.
- osteoopenia an imbalance in the relationship between the formation of bone and resorption bone, which, if continued, induces a decrease in bone mass.
- a nutritional or pharmaceutical composition for human or veterinary use according to the invention is useful for preventing the bone loss that occurs with aging.
- a nutritional or pharmaceutical composition for human or veterinary use according to the invention is useful in the treatment of physiological situations such as osteoporosis type I or type II, secondary osteoporosis, Paget's disease, bone loss or osteolysis observed near a prosthesis.
- Secondary osteoporosis includes bone resorption, which is caused by physiological conditions induced by the onset of diseases such as osteosarcoma, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, malabsorption syndromes, hypogonadism, primary hyperparathyroidism, diabetes, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic liver disease, chronic renal failure, neurological disorders, AIDS, untreated hyperthyroidism and osteomalacia.
- diseases such as osteosarcoma, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, malabsorption syndromes, hypogonadism, primary hyperparathyroidism, diabetes, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic liver disease, chronic renal failure, neurological disorders, AIDS, untreated hyperthyroidism and osteomalacia.
- the treatment of secondary osteoporosis concerns the treatment of physiological situations of bone resorption which are not the cause of the disease to be treated but are a physiological imbalance concomitant with the disease to be treated.
- the administration of a phycocyanin composition as defined in the present description to a patient afflicted with a specific pathology is not intended to exert a curative effect on the disease itself.
- the administration to a patient of a phycocyanin composition is therefore intended to inhibit bone resorption which is concomitant with the occurrence of said pathology.
- a phycocyanin composition according to the invention may be in the form of a nutritional composition or in the form of a pharmaceutical composition, as described below.
- Nutritional compositions of phycocyanin are provided.
- a regular nutritional intake of phycocyanin is useful for preventing bone loss that occurs during aging.
- the invention relates to a nutritional composition for inhibiting bone resorption, characterized in that it comprises, as an active nutritional compound, phycocyanin.
- Nutritional composition is understood to mean a composition comprising, as active agent against bone resorption, a phycocyanin composition as defined in the present description and constituting a food composition or a dietary supplement which does not possess the characteristics of a drug.
- a nutritional composition according to the invention may comprise from 1% by weight to 90% by weight of a phycocyanin composition as defined in the present description.
- the various uses of phycocyanin for the manufacture of a nutritional composition will be defined below in relation to the technical characteristics of said nutritional composition.
- a nutritional composition according to the invention is preferably adapted for oral administration.
- a nutritional composition according to the invention is a dietary food used for the maintenance of a good health of the man or the animal that ingests it.
- Such a nutritional composition is also commonly referred to as a functional food, which is intended to be consumed, either as an integral part of the diet or as a dietary supplement, but whose phycocyanin content implies a physiological role going beyond the provision of the needs. basic nutrients.
- a nutritional composition according to the invention includes food compositions enriched in phycocyanin.
- said nutritional composition is intended to prevent bone loss that occurs with aging (osteopenia).
- said nutritional composition is intended to prevent or treat disorders related to an imbalance in the ratio between the formation of bone and bone resorption.
- said nutritional composition is intended to prevent physiological disorders chosen from osteopenia, type I or type II osteoporosis, secondary osteoporosis, Paget's disease and bone loss or osteolysis. observed near a prosthesis.
- a nutritional composition which comprises a phycocyanin composition as defined herein, can be in a wide variety of forms of food compositions and beverages, including juices (fruit or vegetable or seaweed), vegetable milks, oils, butters, margarines, fats vegetable, canned goods (eg tuna in oil), soups, milk-based preparations (yogurts, cottage cheese), ices, cheeses (eg cheeses preserved in oil), cooked products (such as bread , biscuits, pancakes and cakes), desserts, confectionery products, cereal bars, breakfast cereals, condiments, seasoning products (including spices and sauces).
- a nutritional composition according to the invention may be in liquid form, for example in the form of an aqueous solution or in the form of an oily solution.
- a nutritional composition according to the invention may be in a solid form, for example in the form of a powder.
- the nutritional composition may be freeze-dried and be in the form of a powder.
- a nutritional composition according to the invention can also be in the form of a wide variety of products intended for animal feed, whether they are in wet form, in semi-wet form or in dry form, in particular in the form croquettes, granules.
- the phycocyanin composition as defined in the present description and which is included in said nutritional composition is in the form of a product of extraction obtained from of a cyanobacterium belonging to the spirulina family, and in particular Spirulina platensis.
- a nutritional composition according to the invention is in the form of any product, in particular any beverage, for example a flavored beverage.
- the phycocyanin composition as defined in the present description can be produced by extraction or by synthesis.
- a recombinant phycocyanin produced by host cells transfected or transformed with a polynucleotide comprising an expression cassette encoding phycocyanin can be used.
- a nutritional composition according to the invention comprises an amount of phycocyanin suitable for daily oral administration ranging from 0.05 mg to 10,000 mg.
- an amount of phycocyanin suitable for daily oral administration ranging from 0.05 mg to 10,000 mg.
- a nutritional composition is achieved. comprising 1000 mg of phycocyanin including 2000 mg of phycocyanin composition to the nutritional composition in preparation.
- a nutritional composition according to the invention comprises a quantity of phycocyanin adapted to a daily intake of phycocyanin, provided by said composition, ranging from 1 mg to 10,000 mg, advantageously from 4 mg to 8000 mg , which includes 5 mg to 6,000 mg.
- results of the examples show an effectiveness of a phycocyanin composition as defined in the present description, for inhibiting bone resorption, when such a composition is administered in the mouse in a daily quantity of phycocyanin of 1 mg, that is to say because of a daily dose of 500 mg per kilogram of live weight.
- a phycocyanin composition as defined in the present description is effective, for inhibiting bone resorption in humans, at a daily dose of phycocyanin of 55 mg per kilogram of live weight, ie daily dose of phycocyanin of (i) 4,400 mg for a human of 80 kgs and (ii) of 5,500 mg for a human of 100 kgs.
- a phycocyanin composition as defined in the present description is suitable for a daily administration in humans of an amount of phycocyanin ranging from 4 mg to 10,000 mg, depending in particular on the weight of the considered individual.
- a phycocyanin composition as defined herein is effective for inhibiting bone resorption in cats at a phycocyanin daily dose of 100 mg per kilogram of live weight.
- a phycocyanin composition as defined herein is effective, to inhibit bone resorption in dogs, at a daily dose of phycocyanin 70 mg per kilogram body weight.
- a phycocyanin composition as defined in the present description is effective, for inhibiting bone resorption in the horse, at a daily dose of phycocyanin of 30 mg per kilogram of live weight.
- a phycocyanin composition as defined in the present description is preferably suitable for daily administration of phycocyanin ranging from 0.05 mg / kg to 1000 mg / kg, which ranges from 1 mg / kg to 200 mg / kg. mg / kg, for example from 10 mg / kg to 100 mg / kg.
- the nutritional composition above may comprise other nutritional compounds, in combination with phycocyanin.
- the phycocyanin composition may comprise, phycocyanin protein, also compounds that may consist of nutritional compounds, such as vitamins, lipids, carbohydrates, trace elements, mineral salts, or other phyto-constituents, which were initially contained in a crude extract departure.
- the nutritional composition comprises other nutritional compounds, which have been added to the starting phycocyanin composition.
- the nutritional composition according to the invention may also comprise a source of calcium, for example in the form of a physiologically or physiologically acceptable inorganic compound, such as inorganic calcium salts (calcium chloride, calcium phosphate, sulfate Calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate) or organic components containing calcium such as skim milk powder, calcium caseinate or organic calcium salts (calcium citrate, calcium maleate or their mixtures).
- inorganic calcium salts calcium chloride, calcium phosphate, sulfate Calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate
- organic components containing calcium such as skim milk powder, calcium caseinate or organic calcium salts (calcium citrate, calcium maleate or their mixtures).
- the amount of calcium contained in a nutritional composition according to the invention is suitable for a daily administration, provided by said composition, included between 100 mg and 1000 mg, preferably between 200 mg and 700 mg and most preferably between 300 mg and 600 mg of calcium.
- a nutritional composition according to the invention may also comprise vitamins, such as vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin C, folic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niacin, biotin or pantothenic acid.
- vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin C, folic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niacin, biotin or pantothenic acid.
- a nutritional composition according to the invention may also comprise mineral elements and trace elements such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, selenium, chromium and molybdenum.
- It may also include purified fibers such as agar, alginate, carob, carrageenan, gum arabic, guar gum, karaya gum, pectin or xanthan gum. these soils being in a hydrolyzed or unhydrolyzed form.
- purified fibers such as agar, alginate, carob, carrageenan, gum arabic, guar gum, karaya gum, pectin or xanthan gum.
- proteins may further include proteins, for example, nutritionally valuable proteins, such as protein hydrolysates, particularly milk protein hydrolysates, milk protein isolates containing micellar casein, meat protein hydrolysates. , vegetable proteins, etc.
- nutritionally valuable proteins such as protein hydrolysates, particularly milk protein hydrolysates, milk protein isolates containing micellar casein, meat protein hydrolysates. , vegetable proteins, etc.
- a nutritional composition according to the invention may also comprise spices, aromatic herbs or other micro-nutriments such as other polyphenols, sterols, phenolic acids, stilbenes, carotenoids, iridoids, organo-sulfur and terpenes.
- a phycocyanin composition for inhibiting bone resorption according to the invention may also be included in a pharmaceutical composition, as described below.
- the subject of the invention is also a human or veterinary pharmaceutical composition for its use for inhibiting bone resorption, characterized in that it comprises, as active principle, a phycocyanin composition as defined in the present description.
- the invention relates to the use of a phycocyanin composition for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for human or veterinary use for the prevention or treatment of a pathology related to an imbalance of bone metabolism, and especially a pharmaceutical composition capable of inhibiting bone resorption.
- a phycocyanin composition for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition will be described in connection with the technical characteristics of said pharmaceutical composition hereinafter.
- a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention comprises, as active principle, a phycocyanin composition as defined in the present description, in an amount adapted to inhibit bone resorption in individuals in need of such treatment.
- a human or veterinary pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is useful for preventing the bone loss that occurs during aging.
- a human or veterinary pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is useful in preventing bone loss that occurs during aging (osteopenia).
- a human or veterinary pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is useful for preventing or treating disorders or pathologies related to an imbalance in the ratio between the formation of bone and bone resorption.
- a pharmaceutical composition for human or veterinary use according to the invention is useful in the treatment of physiological disorders related to an imbalance of bone remodeling, such as osteopenia, osteoporosis type I or type 11, secondary osteoporosis, Paget's disease and bone loss or osteolysis observed near a prosthesis.
- Secondary osteoporosis includes bone resorption, which is caused by physiological conditions induced by the onset of diseases such as osteosarcoma, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, malabsorption syndromes, hypogonadism, primary hyperparathyroidism, diabetes, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic liver disease, insufficiency chronic renal failure, neurological disorders, AIDS, untreated hyperthyroidism and osteomalacia.
- diseases such as osteosarcoma, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, malabsorption syndromes, hypogonadism, primary hyperparathyroidism, diabetes, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic liver disease, insufficiency chronic renal failure, neurological disorders, AIDS, untreated hyperthyroidism and osteomalacia.
- the treatment of secondary osteoporosis relates to the treatment of physiological bone resorption situations that are not the cause of a disease to be treated, but are concomitant with the disease to be treated.
- the administration of a phycocyanin composition as defined in the present description to a patient afflicted with rheumatoid arthritis is not intended to exert a curative effect on the disease itself.
- the administration to this patient of a phycocyanin composition exclusively aims to inhibit bone resorption which is concomitant with the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis.
- It may be a human or veterinary pharmaceutical composition, in particular for dogs or cats, equines such as horses, or in avian species, which includes farmed avian species such as hens. , geese, ducks, turkeys, pigeons etc.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is in a form for oral, parenteral, intramuscular or intravenous administration.
- a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention advantageously comprises an amount of phycocyanin suitable for daily administration of the active compound, provided by said composition, ranging from 0.01 mg to 10,000 mg.
- a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention comprises an amount of active compound adapted to a daily intake of phycocyanin, provided by said composition, ranging from 0.01 mg to 10 000 mg, preferably 1 mg at 8000 mg and most preferably from 10 mg to 6000 mg.
- a pharmaceutical composition as defined in the present specification is preferably suitable for daily administration ranging from 0.05 mg / kg to 1000 mg / kg, which ranges from 1 mg / kg to 200 mg / kg. for example from 10 mg / kg to 100 mg / kg.
- a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention comprises a phycocyanin composition as defined in the present description in combination with at least one excipient selected from the group consisting of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
- Techniques for preparing pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention can easily be found by those skilled in the art, for example in the book Remmingston's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mid. Publishing Co, Easton, PA, USA.
- a pharmaceutical composition as defined above is suitable for oral, parenteral, intramuscular or intravenous administration.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention comprises at least one pharmaceutical or physiologically acceptable excipient
- it is in particular a suitable excipient for administration of the composition orally or of a suitable excipient for administration of the parenteral composition.
- the invention also relates to a method for preventing or treating a disorder related to an imbalance of bone metabolism, particularly a disorder associated with loss of bone mass, said method comprising a step in which patients are administered a therapeutically therapeutic amount.
- effective phycocyanin composition or a pharmaceutical composition containing phycocyanin comprising a step in which patients are administered a therapeutically therapeutic amount.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising phycocyanin according to the invention is indifferently in a solid form or in a liquid form.
- a solid pharmaceutical composition in the form of tablets, capsules or capsules, will be preferred.
- a pharmaceutical composition in the form of an aqueous suspension or a lipid suspension, or in the form of a water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion, is preferred.
- Solid pharmaceutical forms may comprise, as vehicles, adjuvants or excipients, at least one diluent, a flavor, a solubilising agent, an agent lubricant, a suspending agent, a binding agent, a disintegrating agent and an encapsulating agent, the identity and function of these various conventional excipients being fully documented in the European Pharmacopoeia or in the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP).
- a solid pharmaceutical composition includes those in the form of nanoparticles, including mesoporous silica nanoparticles, where appropriate functionalized; which allow controlled release, if appropriate delayed release, of the phycocyanin composition.
- Such compounds are, for example, magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, cellulosic materials, cocoa butter, and the like.
- compositions in liquid form may also comprise water, optionally mixed with propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol, and optionally also coloring agents, flavorings, stabilizers and thickeners such as sugars in the liquid forms of the syrup type.
- the phycocyanin composition may be prepared in accordance with the teaching of the various patent documents mentioned above in the description.
- mice were housed in the Human Nutrition Unit pet shop, in a controlled environment: light cycle - darkness 12h-12h, room temperature between 20 and 22 ° C, relative humidity of 50-60%, accommodation conditions: one mouse per cage with water free access.
- mice were supplemented by gavage with two different components:
- supplementation consists of 500 mg / kg live weight of lysed spirulina (10 mg / d / mouse), providing 1 mg of phycocyanin.
- the animals received 500 mg / kg live weight of phycocyanin purified from Spirulina (ie 10 mg / day / mouse).
- the dose of spirulina chosen was based on the fact that the food supplements available on the market bring up to 4 g of micro-algae per day for an average body weight of 60 kg.
- a mouse will consume 12.5 mg / day of spirulina, ie 500 mg / kg body weight.
- mice Forty-eight female C57BL / 6j mice, eight weeks old, were acquired from Janvier Laboratories (Saint-Berthevin, France). After 3 days of acclimation, the rodents were randomly divided into 4 groups of 12 animals:
- this paracetamol solution allows the mouse to ingest 6mg of paracetamol over 24 hours, equivalent to 300mg / kg of body weight, the LD50 being fixed at 800mg / kg. body weight in intraperitoneal injection. During these 24 hours, the prostration, the movement of the animal and its food intake were controlled.
- the different diets were initiated one week before the surgery. After 6 weeks of testing, the rodents were anesthetized. The injected mixture was the same as that used for ovariectomy (1mL of Imalgene, 0.5mL of Rompun, supplemented with 10mL with saline). The blood was then taken intracardiac in a Sarstedt tube and left at room temperature for 30 minutes. The tubes were then centrifuged for 5 min at 20 ° C and 10,000 x g. Serum was then collected and aliquoted into two different tubes (one for each serum label to be assayed) which were then stored in a freezer at -80 ° C until assayed. After blood collection, the animal was directly euthanized by cervical dislocation.
- the liver, spleen and uterus of the animals were collected and weighed to check for inflammation and to validate ovariectomy.
- the left and right femurs were also recovered.
- One out of every two femur was placed in a solution of formaldehyde and stored for one week at 4 ° C, then transferred to ethanol and finally stored again at 4 ° C until densitometer analysis.
- the other femur was kept directly in tubes in liquid nitrogen and then frozen at -80 ° C.
- Echo-MRI The functioning of the Echo-MRI is based on the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging which exploits the magnetic properties of atoms and allows to determine fat mass, lean mass, free water and total body water a small, unanesthetized live animal. Rodents enter a transparent plexiglass containment tube sized for body weight. The mouse goes back to the bottom of the tube. A slight stress is then applied using a piston to hold the animal in place at the bottom of the tube. The total time of contention does not exceed 2 minutes. Only one measurement is performed on each individual. Two evaluations of body composition were performed with EchoMRI-900: a first few days before ovariectomy, a second after 38 days of treatment.
- the spleen and liver are meticulously extracted from the murine and immediately weighed.
- PINP type I collagen propeptide
- IDS rat / mouse PINP EIA Elisa kit IDS rat / mouse PINP EIA Elisa kit. This specific test makes it possible to determine the release of PINP during the synthesis of bone collagen. Osteoprotegerin was assayed using the kit provided by R & D Systems Quantikine Elisa Mouse OPG / TNFRSF 1 lb, an Elisa test. The procedures are provided by kit manufacturers.
- the morphological study of the femurs was performed using a micro-CT eXplore CT 120 scanner (GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, United Kingdom) in the INSERM 990 Joint Research Unit.
- the acquisition consists of 360 shots on the chosen fabric.
- the left femurs are placed in a PBS buffer solution with 1 millisecond exposure per x-ray tube (100 kV and 50 mA).
- Images are reconstructed using a modified cone beam algorithm with an isotropic voxel 0.045 x 0.045 x 0.045 mm3.
- the obtained scans were analyzed with MicroViewH software version 2.3 (General Electric Healthcare Bio-Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA).
- a calibration phantom of hydroxyapatite (SB3, Gamex RMI, WI, USA) serves as a reference for the conversion of gray levels to density values in hydroxyapatite.
- mice per group The results are expressed as mean and standard error on the mean (SEM).
- SEM standard error on the mean
- Statistical analyzes are based on Fisher tests using XLSTAT software (ExcelStat Pro Software, Microsoft Office 2013).
- MC3T3-E1 (immortalized mouse pre-osteoblast line) were cultured in sterile plates at the density of 3x10 4 cells per cm 2 .
- Cells were maintained in alphaMEM culture medium (GIBCO, Paisley, UK) supplemented with 1% penicillin / streptomycin (GIBCO, Paisley, UK) and 10% fetal calf serum (FBS, Lonza, Levallois- Perret, France).
- the cells When the cells arrive at about 80% confluence, they were exposed to the different conditions: either the culture medium alone considered as the negative control (C-), or the medium containing 50 g / mL of ascorbic acid and 10 mM glycerophosphate alone (considered as the positive control) or, in the presence of phycocyanin at different concentrations (10, 25, 50, 100, 250
- mouse RAW 264.7 (immortalized line) (ATCC, Washington, DC, USA) were used as pre-osteoclast and Rank-L-induced models.
- the cells were seeded in the wells at a density of 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / m 2 and maintained in culture medium ( ⁇ -minimal essential medium ⁇ -MEM; GIBCO, Paisley, UK) supplemented with 1% penicillin / streptomycin (GIBCO, Paisley, UK) and 10% fetal calf serum (FBS).
- culture medium ⁇ -minimal essential medium ⁇ -MEM; GIBCO, Paisley, UK
- penicillin / streptomycin GIBCO, Paisley, UK
- FBS fetal calf serum
- the cells arrived at about 80% confluence, they were exposed to different conditions: either the culture medium alone considered as the negative control (C-), or the culture medium containing either a culture medium alone considered as the negative control (C-), or culture medium containing 50 ng / mL of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANK-L) (R & D Systems) alone (considered as the positive control), or in the presence of phycocyanin at different concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50, 100 ⁇ g / ml).
- Both cell types were cultured at 37 ° C in a humid atmosphere at 5% CO 2 in air. The medium was changed every 2 days.
- the measurement of cell proliferation is based on a colorimetric assay.
- a yellow tetrazolium salt XTT is reduced by the succinate dehydrogenase activity of viable cells in the presence of an electron coupler reagent. The reaction produces an orange formazan salt.
- RAW264.7 and MC3T3-E1 were inoculated into 96-well plates at a density of 3.5x10 3 cells per well, then cultured for 2 hours with:
- Cell viability was determined at 24 hours by a basée -based method using a cell proliferation kit (Sigma-Aldrich Cell Proliferation Kit II, St. Louis, MO, USA), following the manufacturer's recommendations. OD was determined at 450 nm.
- Alkaline phosphatase is an early marker of bone formation. The measurement of its activity is based on the ability of the enzyme to catalyze the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylphosphate (p-NPP) to p-nitrophenol, a chromogen with an absorbance at 405 nm.
- p-NPP p-nitrophenylphosphate
- the enzymatic activity of ALP was measured on osteoblasts at 0, 2, 7 and 14 days according to the method previously published, adapted to our conditions experimental.
- the osteoblast culture is rinsed twice with PBS (Sigma-Aldrich, 38297 St. Quentin Fallavier, France), then placed at -20 ° C. Then the cells are lysed and homogenized in diethanolamine / magnesium chloride hexahydrate buffer (pH 9.8, Sigma-Aldrich).
- the cell lysate ( ⁇ ) is added to 200 ⁇ l of p-nitrophenyl phosphate solution (6 mg / ml) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).
- the absorbance is measured at 405 nm in kinetics (every 150s for 30 min), at 30 ° C., using an ELX808 microplate reader (BioTek Instruments Inc., Winooski, VT, USA). Finally protein measurement is performed using the BioRad protein assay (BioRad, Kunststoff, Germany).
- ALP is expressed in micromoles of p-nitrophenol per hour and per milligram of protein.
- Resistant tartrate acid phosphatase is described as an enzymatic marker of osteoclasts that resorb bone tissue.
- This enzyme also known as type 5 acid phosphatase, exists under iso forms 5a and 5 ⁇ , the latter being exclusively recognized as the 5 ⁇ active isoform of TRAP specific for osteoclasts.
- the inactive part of the 5 ⁇ fraction is produced by macrophages.
- TRAP activity is measured according to the standard method using a leukocyte acid phosphatase kit (Sigma Aldrich).
- the cells lysed with the NP 40 lysis buffer buffer are incubated at 37 ° C. in a p-nitrophenyl phosphate buffer, with 125 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.2), and 100 mM p-nitrophenyl phosphate.
- RNAs ribonucleic acids
- Trizol-Roche phenol-chloroform extraction
- the first step consists of preparing the 2X reverse transcription master mix, in ice, consisting of DNA polymerase (enzyme making the retro transcription of an RNA in cDNA), a buffer for optimizing the enzymatic activity, primers for fixing the polymerase on the RNA strand and of course nucleotides.
- ⁇ of mix are added to ⁇ of a mixture of water and RNA extracted at the previous stage (the proportions within the mixture being adapted so that the same concentration of RNA is found in each of the conditions up to 500 ng), in the well of a 96-well plate.
- thermocycler TC 512 TECHNE After centrifugation of the plate, the sample is placed in thermocycler TC 512 TECHNE to initiate the reaction with a suitable program for the realization of TLDA.
- TLDA or TaqMan® Array
- TLDA cards specifically designed for the exploration of 48 genes involved in the bone resorption process in mice.
- the cards are centrifuged twice for 1 minute at 1200 RPM.
- GMQ Daily weight gain
- OPG which is an indicative marker of bone resorption inhibition
- significantly higher values are found in the SH-Ctrl group compared to P OVX-Ctrl, as well as in the OVX phycocyanin group. compared to the OVX-Ctrl group, compared to the OVX-Ctrl group.
- the results show that phycocyanin at least partially normalizes the increase in the OPG marker that is induced by surgery.
- the RankL marker which constitutes a marker indicative of bone resorption, is increased by castration.
- the administration of phycocyanin did not bring standardization of the level of this marker.
- the OPG / RankL ratio which is a bone remodeling index, is significantly higher in the SH-Ctrl group compared to the measured value of this ratio in the OVX-Ctrl group.
- the OPG / RankL ratio is increased in ovariectomized rodents to which phycocyanin has been administered, which allows the metabolism to be favorably oriented for preservation of bone capital.
- the PINP marker which is indicative of bone formation, no statistically significant difference is observed between the different experimental groups.
- BMD bone mineral density
- the proliferation of osteoblasts was measured by XTT after 24 hours of induction in the presence of different concentrations of phycocyanin.
- tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase also known as Tartrate-Resistant-Acid Phosphatase or TRAP
- TRAP Tartrate-Resistant-Acid Phosphatase
- TLDA analysis was performed on RA m extracted from cultures of the Raw 264.7 line, which is a model cell line of pre-osteoclasts. Cell cultures of the Raw 264.7 line were exposed to phycocyanin.
- osteoclasts such as TRAP (FIG. 6), the calcitonin receptor, metalloproteases
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1755014A FR3066919B1 (fr) | 2017-06-06 | 2017-06-06 | Composition de phycocyanine pour son utilisation pour inhiber la resorption osseuse. |
| PCT/EP2018/064714 WO2018224477A1 (fr) | 2017-06-06 | 2018-06-05 | Composition de phycocyanine pour son utilisation pour inhiber la resorption osseuse |
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| EP3634448A1 true EP3634448A1 (fr) | 2020-04-15 |
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| EP18730315.1A Withdrawn EP3634448A1 (fr) | 2017-06-06 | 2018-06-05 | Composition de phycocyanine pour son utilisation pour inhiber la resorption osseuse |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20210077574A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3634448A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3066919B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018224477A1 (fr) |
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| US20200155642A1 (en) * | 2018-11-17 | 2020-05-21 | Back of the Yards Algae Sciences LLC | Purification of algal extracts and their applications |
| WO2023017739A1 (fr) * | 2021-08-12 | 2023-02-16 | Dic株式会社 | Composition pour prévenir ou atténuer le syndrome locomoteur |
| CN114163533A (zh) * | 2021-09-06 | 2022-03-11 | 潍坊医学院 | 一种藻蓝蛋白/嵌合降钙素融合基因、融合蛋白、重组质粒、转基因酿酒酵母及应用 |
| CN118846203B (zh) * | 2024-06-28 | 2025-09-16 | 山东科技大学 | 一种藻蓝蛋白-胶原蛋白复合水凝胶及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN118987159B (zh) * | 2024-10-23 | 2025-01-21 | 山东隆贝生物科技有限公司 | 一种提升骨密度的胶原蛋白肽组合物及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4761406A (en) | 1985-06-06 | 1988-08-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Regimen for treating osteoporosis |
| EP0979074A4 (fr) | 1997-05-01 | 2003-07-09 | Novogen Inc | Traitement ou prevention des symptomes menopausiques et de l'osteoporose |
| US20010046977A1 (en) | 1997-11-25 | 2001-11-29 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Use of alendronate for the prevention of osteoporosis |
| AU5311301A (en) | 2000-04-20 | 2001-11-07 | Upjohn Co | Use of thioamide oxazolidinones for the treatment of bone resorption and osteoporosis |
| US7025965B1 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2006-04-11 | Pharma Chemie, Inc. | Method of use and dosage composition of bluegreen algae extract for inflammation in animals |
| FR2995531B1 (fr) | 2012-09-20 | 2014-10-10 | Ecosystem | Procede d'extraction et de stabilisation de phycocyanine et ses applications |
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2017
- 2017-06-06 FR FR1755014A patent/FR3066919B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2018
- 2018-06-05 US US16/620,287 patent/US20210077574A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-06-05 WO PCT/EP2018/064714 patent/WO2018224477A1/fr not_active Ceased
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| US20210077574A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 |
| FR3066919A1 (fr) | 2018-12-07 |
| FR3066919B1 (fr) | 2019-08-02 |
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