EP3631967A1 - Modular dc link circuit of a converter, converter circuit, energy converter, and vehicle - Google Patents
Modular dc link circuit of a converter, converter circuit, energy converter, and vehicleInfo
- Publication number
- EP3631967A1 EP3631967A1 EP18729097.8A EP18729097A EP3631967A1 EP 3631967 A1 EP3631967 A1 EP 3631967A1 EP 18729097 A EP18729097 A EP 18729097A EP 3631967 A1 EP3631967 A1 EP 3631967A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- inductance
- low
- link
- resistance
- impedance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
- H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
- B61C3/00—Electric locomotives or railcars
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/38—Multiple capacitors, i.e. structural combinations of fixed capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/40—Structural combinations of fixed capacitors with other electric elements, the structure mainly consisting of a capacitor, e.g. RC combinations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance
Definitions
- the invention is in the field of power electronics, in particular the power converter, and relates to the structure of a phase module for power converter and a converter. Furthermore, the invention relates to a vehicle with an inverter.
- Converters are used to convert alternating voltage and alternating current, the characteristic properties such as voltage amplitude and frequency are adjusted.
- An inverter can have an intermediate circuit. It serves as a buffer and as an electrical buffer. Voltage and current are converted equally in power converters.
- Converters are used for example for drives of variable-speed electric motors. These occur in vehicles, especially in rail vehicles, such as trams, electric locomotives or high-speed trains.
- the vehicle picks up the voltage via, for example, a catenary or a busbar. This is then adapted in the inverter for the electric drive.
- Electric motors are also used as a dynamo for generating electric current from kinetic energy, for example during braking of an electric vehicle.
- the inverter typically acts in both directions.
- Inverters may comprise phase modules with controllable semiconductor components, for example IGBTs (insulated-gate bipolar transistor).
- IGBTs insulated-gate bipolar transistor
- a frequented control generates a phase current in the phase module. This can then drive, for example, an electric motor.
- Converter modules consist of large arrangements of converter units, each converter unit is connected to the DC link. Long connections to the DC link generate high inductance and associated power loss.
- the object is to improve the structure of the inverter.
- This object is achieved by a modular DC link circuit for a power converter. Furthermore, this object is achieved by a converter circuit, an energy converter and a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle.
- each DC link capacitor module having a first terminal, a second terminal and at least a first DC link capacitor connected to the first terminal and the second terminal is electrically connected, the first terminals of each in the chain directly successive DC link capacitor modules respectively via a first low-impedance, high-inductance connection and a first parallel high-impedance, low-inductance connection are connected, and the second terminals of each in the chain directly successive DC link capacitor modules via a second low-impedance, high-inductance connection and a second high-impedance, low-inductance connection connected in parallel thereto are connected.
- the first low-impedance, high-inductance compound and the second low-resistance, high-inductance compound each have a smaller ohmic resistance and a greater inductance than in each case the first high-impedance, low-inductance compound and the second high-impedance, low-inductance compound.
- Modular in this context means that the DC link circuit of the power converter has a plurality of individual components, wherein the components are, in particular, intermediate circuit capacitors, intermediate circuit capacitor modules and corresponding connections, which are combined to form a common DC link.
- a low-resistance connection is understood, in particular, to mean a connection which, in contrast to a high-resistance connection, has a smaller resistance value.
- the low-resistance connection preferably has a resistance value between 10 ⁇ and 1 ⁇
- the high-resistance connection preferably has a resistance value between 100 ⁇ and 10 ⁇ .
- a low-inductive compound is understood in particular to mean a compound which, unlike a highly inductive compound, has a smaller inductance value.
- the low-inductance compound has an inductance value between InH and ⁇
- the high-inductance compound preferably has an inductance value between 10mH and 10H.
- the modular DC link circuit can be designed for large currents of several hundred to over a thousand amperes, arise inductances in the electrical conductors, which depend on the magnetic permeability of the conductor material, the line cross-section and the size of the conductor loop. These inductors are parasitic and advantageously minimized. In particular, the inductors are not intentionally incorporated by, for example, a coil or the like in the DC link circuit.
- a switching device is connected in parallel to the DC link capacitor module or connectable to this.
- the switching devices are each assigned to a DC link capacitor module and connected in parallel with this directly. Switching devices can have at least a first and a second DC connection, so that they can be connected in parallel to the first and second connection of the intermediate circuit capacitor module.
- the switching device has at least one or more AC connections.
- the switching device is operated to generate a DC voltage between its DC terminals into an AC voltage at its or their AC terminals.
- the switching device can be operated in both directions according to an embodiment, that is, that also an AC voltage can be converted into a DC voltage.
- Each DC link capacitor module has at least one capacitor.
- the capacitor acts as a DC link capacitor to a switching device. During a switching operation of the switching device, the current in the capacitor changes. He is therefore part of the Kommut réellesnikes.
- the DC link capacitor is also called a commutation capacitor.
- a DC voltage can be applied between the first low-impedance, high-inductance connection and the second low-impedance, high-inductance connection, which feeds each of the switching devices.
- the switching devices have an AC output, wherein an AC voltage is generated by a corresponding control of the switching devices from the DC voltage at the AC output.
- a DC voltage can be generated between the first low-impedance, high-inductance connection and the second low-impedance, high-inductance connection by the switching devices having an AC input and by a corresponding control of the switching devices of the AC voltage at the AC input DC voltage is generated.
- the DC link circuit which is assigned to the respective switching device, acts as an electrical buffer and in particular the DC link capacitor as an electrical buffer.
- the capacitance and the voltage class of the intermediate circuit capacitor module or the intermediate circuit capacitor must therefore be adapted to the possible voltages and currents in an operating state of the power converter.
- the voltage between the first terminal of a DC link capacitor module and the second terminal of a DC link capacitor module in an operating state at least lkV or at least 3kV.
- the DC link circuit is therefore designed for voltages between the first terminal of a DC link capacitor module and the second terminal of a DC link capacitor module of at least lkV or at least 3kV.
- Each DC link capacitor module has at least one DC link capacitor.
- the intermediate circuit capacitor module can have further capacitors, which are typically connected in parallel with the first intermediate circuit capacitor.
- Typical capacities of the DC link capacitor module are in the range of a few hundred microfarads to more than 1000 microfarads and can be selected depending on the voltage in the DC link.
- the capacitance at 400 ⁇ can be 3.6kV, 700 ⁇ 2.8kV, 1600 ⁇ 1.8kV or 9000 ⁇ 750V. These discrete values are given only by the typical target values in the manufacture of the capacitors and not limited thereto.
- the total capacity is given by one or more parallel connected capacitors in the DC link capacitor module.
- At least one of the DC link capacitor modules in addition to a second DC link capacitor, which is connected in parallel to the first DC link capacitor.
- several or all intermediate circuit capacitor modules may additionally have a second intermediate circuit capacitor. Different DC link capacitors can be used and combined in the circuit.
- the DC link capacitor module has a self-inductance (ESL) of less than 100nH or less than 50nH.
- ESL self-inductance
- the inductances of the respective first terminals and second terminals of the DC link capacitor modules, which are provided to be connected in parallel to a respective switching device, are determined inter alia by the lengths of the electrical lines or the sizes of the resulting conductor loops. The larger the conductor loops, the larger the inductances.
- the DC link capacitor modules should therefore be connected spatially as close as possible to the respective switching device.
- At least one switching device is provided for each DC link capacitor module, which can be connected in parallel with the terminals of the respective DC link capacitor module.
- groups of switching devices connected in parallel can also be connected in parallel with the terminals of the respective intermediate circuit capacitor module.
- the groups of switching devices can be connected, for example, as a full bridge or as a half bridge.
- the groups of switching devices are arranged in a power phase module.
- the power phase module can be used in a modular inverter to convert DC to AC or from AC to DC.
- the inverter several power phase modules can be operated in parallel, independently or dependent on each other.
- the power phase modules have a compact design and can be arranged next to one another in the modular converter to save space.
- the power phase module is interchangeable.
- each power phase module is associated with exactly one DC link capacitor module and vice versa. This also means that each switching device is assigned to exactly one DC link capacitor module.
- the switching device comprises at least one of the following electronic components: diode, power MOSFET, and IGBT.
- groups of switching devices may have multiple diode or IGBT half bridges or full bridges.
- the switching device In the conversion from DC voltage to AC voltage, the switching device according to one embodiment generates a frequency or sets a frequency, with which the direct current is converted into an alternating current with just this frequency.
- the switching device may for this purpose have a controller, in particular a gate controller, or be connected to a controller.
- the power phase module in particular the switching device, has one or more terminals of a controller for controlling the one or more switching devices.
- the control can take place via electrical signals, for example via copper lines, or via optical signals, for example via optical waveguides.
- the low-resistance, high-inductance compound have a higher inductance than the high-impedance, low-inductance compound.
- the inductance is essentially determined by the size of the conductor loop at high voltages and currents and by the conductivity and the cross section of the conductor. The size of the conductor loop is predetermined by the mechanical implementation of the modular DC link circuit.
- the first low-resistance, high-inductance compounds and the second low-resistance, high-inductance compounds have at least a factor of 2 or at least a factor of 5 higher inductance than the first high-impedance, low-inductance compounds and the second high-resistance, low-inductive compounds.
- the inductances and ohmic resistances of the first high-resistance, low-inductance compounds and the second high-resistance, low-inductance compounds are substantially identical.
- the inductances and ohmic resistances of the first low-resistance, high-inductance compounds and the second low-resistance, high-inductance compounds are substantially identical.
- the modular DC link circuit therefore advantageously has a symmetry.
- the modular DC link circuit comprises three DC link capacitor modules and the three DC link capacitor modules are connected in parallel and in a chain.
- the modular DC link circuit can be additionally expandable to other DC link capacitor modules.
- the modular DC link circuit forms a chain conductor.
- the chain conductor composed of identical quadrupoles connected in a chain and a quadrupole corresponds to a module of the DC link circuit.
- a possible equivalent circuit diagram of the quadrupole is formed by a low-impedance, high-inductance R-L element connected in series with a high-impedance, low-inductance R-L element connected in parallel, and a C-element connected in parallel with the quadrupole.
- the C-element is formed by the DC link capacitor module.
- the low-resistance, high-inductance R-L member is defined by the first and second low-resistance, high-inductance compounds; and the high-resistance, low-inductance R-L member is formed by the first and second high-resistance, low-inductance compounds.
- modules may be identical in structure, the individual components may have different respective impedances.
- the equivalent circuit of the quadrupole can also be used as a passive low-pass 2nd order from a first to quadrupole in series switched RL-member and a quadrupole parallel-connected C-member with an additional second RL member, parallel to the first RL member is switched to be described.
- Direct current and the low-frequency current components flow via the low-impedance, high-inductance R-L element and high-frequency current components flow through the high-impedance, low-inductance R-L element. Due to the ohmic resistance, the high-frequency current components are advantageously damped.
- the resistance of the low-resistance, high-inductance compound can be neglected.
- the equivalent circuit of the quadrupole then corresponds to an LC resonant circuit with an additional RL element connected in parallel with the L element. Due to the impressed currents of the switching devices, which are connected in parallel to the C-member (ie the DC link capacitor module), oscillating currents are excited. These oscillating currents increase the rms value of the current in the DC link capacitors.
- the first high-impedance, low-inductance compound and the second high-resistance, low-inductance compound is an RL element with increased ohmic resistance additionally connected in parallel to the L element of the LC resonant circuit. The vibration is dampened by this.
- a module of the DC link circuit provides an LC resonant circuit with a parallel-connected RL element to the L-element, when the ohmic resistance of the low-impedance, high-inductance connection is negligible.
- an LC resonant circuit with an R-element parallel to the L-element would be attenuated. This is not possible in practice, because each R-link in reality also has a non-negligible inductance L because of the mechanical distances and the associated conductor loop at high currents.
- the arrangement without the second R-L element would represent a very weakly damped C-L-C-L chain conductor from L-C resonant circuits. Due to the impressed currents of the switching devices, oscillating currents are excited and the rms value of the current in the intermediate circuit capacitors increases. By connecting the second R-L element in parallel, high-frequency oscillating currents are damped. The attenuation is frequency-dependent and results from the values of the inductance and the capacitance of the L-C resonant circuit.
- the optimum of the ohmic resistance R opt at 5mQ for optimal damping can then advantageously be in the range of 0.5mQ to 50mQ.
- the frequencies to be damped are approximately in the range between 5 kHz and 25 kHz.
- the capacitor or capacitors of the associated DC link capacitor module is discharged very quickly.
- the other capacitors surrounding the DC link capacitor modules feed in the short circuit via the low-resistance, high-inductance connections and the low-impedance, high-resistance connections.
- the low-inductance, high-resistance connections between the DC link capacitor modules cause by their ohmic resistance a rapid decay of the vibrations caused by the short circuit.
- a large part of the short-circuit energy is converted into heat in the low-inductance, high-resistance connections and thereby rendered harmless.
- the other power phase modules, in particular the other switching devices, and intermediate circuit capacitor modules can thereby be protected against destruction.
- the modular DC link circuit is therefore shock current resistant.
- the first terminals of adjacent DC link capacitor modules are connected via in each case a third low-resistance, high-inductance connection, and the second terminals of adjacent DC link capacitor modules connected via in each case a fourth low-impedance, high-inductance connection.
- the current then flows in the same direction in the first and third low-resistance, high-inductance connections.
- the current in the second and the fourth low-resistance, high-inductance connection flows in the same direction.
- two opposite current directions must be brought close to each other.
- the modular DC link circuit can be designed so that each associated low-impedance, high-inductance compounds is guided in opposite current direction to each low-impedance, high-inductance compound.
- the first and the second low-resistance, high-inductance compound, as well as the third and the fourth low-resistance, high-inductance compound are spatially close and partially guided in parallel.
- the first and the fourth low-resistance, high-inductance connection as well as the second and the third low-resistance, highly-inductive connection can be guided spatially close and partially parallel.
- spatially close and partially parallel means that no further current-carrying conductor is arranged between the conductors.
- the first terminals of adjacent DC link capacitor modules are connected via a third high-impedance, low-inductance connection, and the second terminals of adjacent DC link capacitor modules are connected via a fourth high-impedance, low-inductance connection.
- two of the high-resistance, low-inductive compounds may be designed as a common compound. In this case, they then have the double ohmic resistance of the other two high-impedance, low-inductance compounds.
- the high-resistance, low-inductance connections are arranged in sections parallel and with alternating current direction; or the joint connection is spatially arranged between the other two.
- no further current-carrying conductor is arranged between the conductors.
- the DC link capacitor module has a third terminal and a fourth terminal.
- the intermediate circuit capacitor module may also have further connections, for example as blade contacts. Multiple connections can reduce the connection inductance.
- the terminals are designed such that they have substantially identical impedances, so that a symmetrical current flow in the DC link capacitor module is made possible from all terminals. The capacitors in the intermediate circuit capacitor module are then connected, for example, parallel to the terminal pairs.
- each DC link capacitor module in addition to a third terminal and a fourth terminal, and the third terminals of each in the chain directly successive DC link capacitor modules are each a third low-impedance, high-inductance compound and the fourth terminals in the chain each directly successive DC link capacitor modules are each connected via a fourth low-impedance, high-inductance connection.
- each intermediate circuit capacitor module in addition to a third terminal and a fourth terminal, and the third terminals of the immediately consecutive in the chain DC link capacitor modules are each a third high-impedance, low-inductance connection and the fourth terminals of the chain in each case immediately consecutive DC link capacitor modules are each connected via a fourth high-impedance, low-inductance connection.
- the third terminals and the fourth terminals of each in the chain directly successive DC link capacitor modules connected via two parallel circuits namely third high-impedance, low-inductance compounds are connected in parallel to the third low-impedance, high-inductance compounds; and the fourth high-impedance, low-inductance compounds are connected in parallel with the fourth low-resistance, high-inductance compounds.
- the chain conductor described above is double and so spatially pronounced that a symmetry arises so that current-carrying conductors of opposite current directions are immediately adjacent to each other.
- the converter circuit has at least two or more switching devices, with at least one respective DC connection pair and at least one first AC connection, wherein each switching device is assigned exactly to a DC link capacitor module and the DC connection pair of each switching device is connected in parallel to the associated DC link capacitor module.
- the converter circuit may comprise one or more groups of switching devices. The groups of switching devices have at least one AC output and each group of switching devices is assigned to exactly one DC link capacitor module and connected in parallel to this. The DC connections of the switching devices are then combined, for example, to form a common DC connection.
- the inverter circuit is configured such that an electric current can flow from a DC terminal pair to an AC terminal of a switching device in an operating state of the inverter circuit of at least 500A or at least 1000A.
- the alternating current generated by the inverter for example, an electric motor for driving the vehicle can be driven.
- the board electronics can be supplied with power.
- the frequency and voltage at the AC output (s) can be adjusted to use in the vehicle.
- an energy converter in particular an electric motor or a dynamo, connected to a converter circuit is proposed, wherein at least one AC terminal of a switching device is connected to the energy converter.
- An energy converter can act as a dynamo, for example during a braking process with a regenerative brake.
- the electrical energy is then generated by the dynamo of mechanical energy and passed to the inverter. This converts the alternating current into a direct current.
- a vehicle in particular a rail vehicle, with an energy converter, in particular a traction motor, proposed for converting electrical energy into kinetic energy or vice versa.
- an energy converter in particular a traction motor
- a regenerative brake can be used as a dynamo.
- the energy converter is connected in the converter circuit such that the energy converter is connected to at least one of the first AC connections of one of the switching devices.
- the modular DC link circuit can be realized by each at least one switching device is integrated in a power phase module.
- a power phase module is proposed, in which these embodiments can be realized.
- FIG. 1 shows a power phase module according to an embodiment.
- Figure 2 shows the power phase module according to the embodiment of Figure 1, wherein a cross-bridge is removed.
- FIG. 3 shows the power phase module according to the embodiment of FIG. 1 with a connected DC link capacitor module.
- FIG. 4 shows a converter according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 5 shows a detailed view of busbars according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of the arrangement of the converter.
- FIG. 7 shows a modular intermediate circuit according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 8 shows a simplified modular intermediate circuit according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 9 shows a modular DC link circuit for a converter with 8 modules.
- FIG. 10 shows a rail vehicle according to an embodiment. embodiments
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a power phase module 10.
- the power phase module 10 has approximately the shape of a flattened cuboid with two large-area sides and four small-area sides. The small-area sides may be end faces of the power phase module 10.
- a first AC terminal 13 is arranged on another side, in this case the opposite end face 11 of the power phase module 10.
- a second AC terminal 22 is also disposed on the opposite end face 11.
- a first switching device 16 is connected to the first DC terminal pair 14 and to the first AC terminal 13.
- the switching device 16 is arranged on a cooling device 17, so that the cooling device 17 can remove heat arising from the switching device 16 and from the power phase module 10.
- the power phase module 10 further comprises a second switching device 23, which is connected to the first DC connection pair 14 and to a second AC connection 22. It is arranged next to the first switching device 16 on the cooling device 17.
- the two switching devices 16, 23 are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the end face.
- the DC capacitor connection pairs 15, 21 are arranged next to one another and between the two DC connection pairs 14, 20.
- the DC capacitor terminal pairs 15, 21 and the DC terminal pairs 14, 20 are arranged in a plane and in a row.
- the DC capacitor terminal pairs 15, 21 and the DC terminal pairs 14, 20 each have a first terminal 14a, 15a, 20a, 21a and a second terminal 14b, 15b, 20b, 21b. Connection elements are arranged on in or at the terminals.
- the first terminals 14a, 15a, 20a, 21a are connected to one another via a first transverse bridge 18.
- the second terminals 14b, 15b, 20b, 21b are connected to one another via a second transverse bridge 19. Details of the second transverse bridge 19 are shown in FIG. 1 covered. These are illustrated in Figure 2, which shows an embodiment of the power phase module 10, in which no second cross-bridge 19 is shown.
- the first terminals 14a, 15a, 20a, 21a are formed integrally with the first transverse bridge 18.
- the first transverse bridge 18 has a metal sheet. Angled portions of the metal sheets form the first terminals 14a, 15a, 20a, 21a for connection to bus bars.
- the connecting elements are designed as boreholes for, for example, a screw connection.
- the first terminals 14a, 15a, 20a, 21a may also be multi-piece, i. be composed of several parts. Analogous but not necessarily identical in one embodiment, this applies to the second transverse bridge 19 and the second terminals 14b, 15b, 20b, 21b.
- the first transverse bridge 18 and the second transverse bridge 19 may be designed differently and differ for example by a one-piece, by different materials or coatings.
- the first cross-bridge 18 connects the first terminal 14a of the first DC terminal pair 14 with the first switching device 16.
- the second cross-bridge 19 connects the second terminal 14b of the first DC terminal pair 14 with the first switching device 16.
- the direct current flows from first DC terminal pair 14 via the cross bridges 18, 19 in the switching device 16 and is converted there.
- the generated alternating current can be tapped at the first AC terminal 13. Conversely, an alternating current can be converted into a direct current.
- the first and second transverse bridge 18, 19 run directly next to each other and partially in parallel. They are spatially close to each other and electrically isolated from each other and designed for high voltages of over 500V, in particular voltage between about 600V and 4500V, and high currents of more than 100A, in particular for currents of 100A to 1000A.
- the current may be 500A for a dual switching module and 800A for a single switching module. Maximum power in one operating state allows the applied voltage to limit current flow.
- a transverse bridge 18, 19 in this embodiment has a large area sheet metal area and at least two angled portions thereof.
- Cross bridges 18, 19 flows in an operating state, a high current of several hundred amperes.
- the material and the thickness of the cross bridges 18, 19 must therefore be adapted according to this current load.
- the large-area sheet metal area of the transverse bridges 18, 19 can in
- Transverse bridges 18, 19 can therefore be arranged transversely, that is to say substantially perpendicular to the course of connected busbars.
- the cooling device 17 can be arranged on or along one of the large-area sides of the power phase module or form.
- the switching device 16 may be arranged on the cooling device 17.
- the cooling device 17 may be arranged on one side of the switching device 16 and the transverse bridges 18, 19 on an opposite side of the switching device 16.
- the switching devices 16, 23 have in this embodiment, a dual-switching module and are therefore connected to both the first transverse bridge 18 and the second transverse bridge 19. Dual switching modules are electrically constructed as a two-way rectifier and can convert both potentials of the two cross-bridges 18, 19 for the AC phase.
- each switching device 16, 23 can be operated independently of one another by a controller 24, in particular a gate controller, as a two-way rectifier and generate an alternating current at the respective AC connection 13, 22.
- the switching devices have in particular controllable semiconductor elements. These can be semiconductor elements with controllable gate electrodes.
- the controller 24 then controls the gate voltages on the gate electrodes and thereby the current flow through the semiconductor elements, or the switching device 16, 23.
- the semiconductor elements may be IGBTs and the controller comprises the gate controller 24 of the gates of the IGBTs.
- the controller 24 may, according to one embodiment, be arranged on an opposite side to the terminal pairs of the power phase module, which may also be referred to as the second or rear end side.
- the controller 24 may be mechanically supported by the cooling device 17 or the switching devices 16, 23 or both.
- the power phase module 10 in FIG. 1 has two DC capacitor connection pairs 15, 21.
- the connections 15a, 15b, 21a, 21b are thus in a row arranged that in an operating state, the two second terminals 15b, 21b are at a potential and are externally surrounded by the first terminals 15a, 21a at a different potential.
- the result is a mirror symmetry of the connections and thus the potentials.
- the terminals of the two DC terminal pairs 14, 20 also receive the mirror symmetry.
- the first terminals 14a, 15a, 20a, 21a and second terminals 14b, 15b, 20b, 21b may also be interchanged respectively with the associated terminal of the respective pair.
- the mirror symmetry is retained.
- the symmetry has the advantage that the impedance at the terminals for both current directions is identical or nearly identical. This allows a uniform flow of current.
- the DC terminals 14a, 15a, 20a, 21a, 14b, 15b, 20b, 21b may have connection elements for electrical connection and / or a fastening device for mechanical fastening for connection to busbars or to a DC link capacitor module.
- connection elements for electrical connection and / or a fastening device for mechanical fastening for connection to busbars or to a DC link capacitor module In this embodiment, holes for inserting a corresponding contact element and / or a fastening means are provided.
- the connecting elements of the DC capacitor terminals 21, 15 may be formed differently than the connecting elements of the DC terminal pairs 14, 20. For example, well sizes may vary or completely different fasteners may be used.
- the spacing of the first terminal 14a, 15a, 20a, 21a from the second terminal 14b, 15b, 20b, 21b may also be different in the DC capacitor terminal pairs 15, 21 than in the one or more DC terminal pairs 14, 20
- the DC capacitor terminal pairs 15, 21 are connected to connectors and DC link capacitor modules and the DC terminal pairs 14, 20 are connected to bus bars.
- the power phase module 10 has a gate controller 24 in FIG.
- the gate controller 24 is connected to the switching devices 16, 23. It controls the switching devices 16, 23 in such a way that an applied DC voltage at the switching device 16, 23 is converted into an AC voltage or vice versa.
- the switching device may in particular have IGBTs with a controllable gate.
- the gate controller 24 specifies a frequency at which the switching devices 16, 23 are controlled to generate an AC voltage having the corresponding frequency at the respective AC outputs 13, 22.
- the frequencies and / or the voltage curve of the AC outputs can be different.
- the alternating voltages can be matched to each other, so that different phase inputs of an electric motor with different AC outputs 13, 22 can be fed.
- the cooling device 17 may have hydraulic ports for guiding coolant into and out of the cooling device 17.
- the hydraulic connections are advantageously arranged on the end face 12, so that when the power phase module 10 is plugged onto the busbar pairs and the intermediate circuit capacitor module, the cooling device with its hydraulic connections is likewise connected to a coolant guidance system.
- FIG. 2 shows the embodiment of the power phase module 10 of FIG. 1 without the second cross-bridge 19 and the first connections 14b, 15b, 20b, 21b, the DC capacitor connection pairs 15 ', 21' and the DC connection pairs 14 ', 20 '.
- the second transverse bridge 19 conceals that the switching device 16 is connected to the first transverse bridge 18. Similarly, the switching device 16 is connected to its associated AC terminal 13.
- the DC link capacitor module 30 has four terminals and is therefore connected both to the first DC capacitor terminal pair 15 and also to the second DC capacitor terminal pair 21.
- the switching devices 16, 23 are contacted with two contact points with the transverse bridges 18, 19.
- Each switching device is designed as a dual-switching module and has two half-bridges, each half-bridge is contacted with a contact point with the cross-bridges.
- the DC link capacitor module 30 has at least one capacitor which is suitable as a DC link capacitor.
- the transverse bridges 18, 19 are, together with the capacitor of the intermediate circuit capacitor module 30, part of the intermediate circuit in an operating state of the power phase module 10 or of the converter.
- the intermediate circuit capacitor is part of the commutation circuit, ie the circuit in which the current changes during a switching operation of the switching device 16, 23.
- the DC link capacitor of the DC link capacitor module 30 is also called commutation capacitor.
- the electrical connection between switching devices 16, 23 and DC link capacitor module 30 is low inductance. This is achieved by the compact construction of the power phase module 10.
- the DC link capacitor module 30 is spatially close and thus low inductively connected to the switching devices 16, 23.
- the transverse bridges 18, 19 are arranged one above the other or one above the other. As a result, the current paths in the transverse bridges 18, 19 between switching device 16, 23, intermediate circuit capacitor module 30 and DC connection pairs 14, 20 overlap optimally and the inductance of the power phase module 10 is reduced.
- FIG. 4 shows a converter according to an embodiment with two power phase modules 10, 10 *. For reasons of clarity, only two power phase modules 10, 10 * are shown. There may be further power phase modules arranged according to the orientation of the two shown next to the others. The power phase modules 10, 10 * are arranged side by side so that their end faces point in the same direction.
- the DC connection pairs are each connected to pairs of busbars 31, 32, which run behind the end faces of the power phase modules 10, 10 *.
- the busbar pairs 31, 32 have a first busbar 31a, a second busbar 31b, a third busbar 32a, and a fourth busbar 32a.
- a detailed view of a busbar pair 32 is shown in FIG.
- Each power phase module 10, 10 * is associated with an intermediate circuit capacitor module 30, 30 * and each power phase module 10, 10 * is connected at its DC capacitor terminal pairs with the associated DC link capacitor module 30, 30 *.
- the second DC link capacitor module 30 * is not visible since it is arranged behind the power phase module 10 * on its front side.
- the connection is made electrically and mechanically via connecting elements.
- the connecting elements with the corresponding contact elements are holes or nuts and screws.
- the busbar pairs 31, 32 are substantially parallel to one another and spaced from each other so that the intermediate circuit capacitor module 30 can be placed between the busbar pairs 31, 32.
- the connections of the busbar pairs 31, 32 and the connections of the intermediate circuit capacitor module 30 are then arranged in a plane and in a row, so that the power phase module can be pushed with its front side to this level and can be connected.
- the inverter has connector pairs 33, 34.
- the first connector 33a, the second connector 33b, the third connector 34a, and the fourth connector 34b electrically connect the DC link capacitor modules 30 with each other.
- the number of connectors 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b may vary.
- the number of connectors 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b is identical to the number of terminals of the DC capacitor terminal pairs, so that all the terminals can be connected.
- the connectors 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b connect the DC link capacitor modules 30 so that they are connected in parallel.
- both the DC link capacitor modules 30, 30 * and the switching devices 16, 16 * in the power phase modules 10, 10 * are parallel mara LET.
- the switching devices 16, 16 * and the intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30, 30 * are provided by the busbars 31a, 31b, 32a, 32b and the transverse bridges 18, 19, 18 *, 19 * connected in parallel.
- This second parallel connection has a higher inductance and a lower ohmic resistance than those of the connectors 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b.
- the intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30, 30 * are therefore electrically connected in parallel via two low-inductance, high-resistance connections on the one hand and via two high-inductance, low-resistance connections on the other hand.
- the material of the connectors 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b has a greater resistivity than the material of the busbars 31a, 31b, 32a, 32b.
- the connectors 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b are substantially formed of a steel, and the bus bars 31a, 31b, 32a, 32b are formed substantially of copper or aluminum.
- the connectors 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b are formed of a metal sheet, for example. It may be composed in sections, so that in an expansion of a DC link capacitor module 30, 30 *, the connector 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b need only be removed at the connection points to the DC link capacitor module 30, 30 *.
- FIG. 5 shows a detailed view of a busbar pair 32 with a first busbar 32a and a second busbar 32b.
- the busbars are mechanically connected to each other by an insulation 35 and electrically isolated from each other.
- the insulation may consist of a solid material, for example of a plastic material.
- Bus bars may have a corresponding contact element 36 for attachment to the connection element of a DC connection pair.
- the corresponding contact element is a pin with or without thread for attaching, for example, a nut or a terminal to a DC connection pair 14, 20.
- FIG. 6 shows a simplified, schematic illustration of the removal of a modular converter. For clarity, only two power phase modules 10, 10 * are shown. Each power phase module 10, 10 * has a switching device 16, 16 * and a cooling device 17, 17 *. AC terminals or control devices are not shown in this illustration.
- the power phase module has at least one controller 24 for controlling the switching device 16, 23.
- the controller is advantageously arranged on the other end face 11.
- the controller may be a gate controller 24 and the control of the switching device 16, 23 may be implemented via gates in the semiconductor components.
- the power phase modules 10, 10 * are connected to busbar pairs 31, 32. Between the busbar pairs 31, 32 intermediate circuit capacitor modules (30), 30 * are arranged. Each power phase module 10, 10 * is assigned an intermediate circuit capacitor module (30), 30 *, but only one of the two intermediate circuit capacitor modules (30), 30 * can be seen in this illustration. Another DC link capacitor module 30 ** is arranged so that another Power phase module with the same orientation of the other two power phase modules 10, 10 * could be placed over it.
- the DC link capacitor modules are connected in parallel via connectors 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b.
- the DC link capacitor modules are connected in parallel via the transverse bridges 18, 19, 18 *, 19 * and the busbar pairs 31, 32.
- FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the modular DC link circuit.
- Three DC link capacitor modules 30 are outlined.
- the switching devices 16 are connected in parallel to each one DC link capacitor module 30. For clarity, only one of the switching devices 16 and only one of the DC link capacitor modules 30 is provided with reference symbols.
- the three switching devices 16 shown and the three DC link capacitor modules 30 are identical in this embodiment.
- the DC link capacitor modules 30 each have a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminals are connected in the chain directly successive DC link capacitor modules 30 via a first low-impedance, high-inductance compound VL1 and a first high-impedance, low-inductance connection VRl, the second terminals two in the chain, in each case directly successive DC link capacitor modules 30 are connected via a second low-impedance, high-inductance connection VL2 and a second high-impedance, low-inductance connection VR2, the first high-impedance, low-inductance connection VR1 is connected in parallel to the second high-resistance, low-inductance connection VR2, and the first low-resistance , high-inductance compound VL1 is connected in parallel with the second low-resistance, high-inductance compound VL2.
- the two directly successive in the chain intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30 low-impedance and high-inductance are connected in parallel.
- the two high-impedance, low-inductance connection VR1 and the second high-resistance, low-inductance connection VR2 connect the two intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30, each directly following one another in the chain, in a high-impedance and low-inductance manner in parallel.
- the impedances of the first low-resistance, high-inductance connection VL1 and the second low-resistance, high-inductance connection VL2 are identical, and the impedances of the first high-resistance, low-inductance connection VR1 and the second high-resistance, low-inductance connection VR2 are identical.
- the modular DC link circuit therefore has a symmetry which enables a symmetrical current flow in both current directions.
- the DC link capacitor modules 30 each have an intermediate circuit capacitor.
- the illustrated capacitors therefore each form an intermediate circuit capacitor module 30.
- Each DC link capacitor has a first terminal and a second terminal and the first terminal and the second terminal of the DC link capacitor simultaneously form the first terminal and the second terminal of the DC link capacitor module.
- several DC link capacitors may form the DC link capacitor module 30.
- the low-resistance, high-inductance connections VL1, VL2 can be implemented, for example, by parallel busbars 30a, 30b and transverse bridges 18.
- a DC voltage U DC is applied between the upper busbar 30a and the lower busbar 30b.
- This Gleichspa voltage U DC feeds the switching devices 16, which generate an AC voltage by a control device.
- the associated DC link capacitors in the DC link capacitor modules 30 serve as electrical buffer and buffer. Between the first terminal and the second terminal of the intermediate circuit capacitor modules 30 is applied to a voltage U ⁇ c .
- the circuit of the DC link capacitor modules 30 is parallel and in a chain relative to the applied between the first terminal and the second terminal of the DC link capacitor module 30 DC voltage U ⁇ c .
- the low-resistance, high-inductance compounds VL1, VL2 are shown by dotted lines and each contain three inductances and an ohmic resistance.
- the high-resistance, low-inductance connections VR1, VR2 are shown by dashed lines and each contain an inductance and an ohmic resistance.
- the ohmic resistance in the high-impedance, low-inductance Compounds VR1, VR2 are each greater than the ohmic resistance in the low-resistance, high-inductance compounds VL1, VL2.
- the illustrated inductances and the ohmic resistances in FIG. 7 are essentially determined by the sizes of the conductor loops, the conductivity of the conductors and the cross-section of the conductor. Since the inverter is designed as a power converter with high currents, the conductors must be adapted accordingly.
- the conductors forming the low-resistance, high-inductance compounds VL1, VL2 have a material of high conductivity, in particular copper or aluminum
- the conductors forming the high-resistance, low-inductance compounds VR1, VR2 have a material of lower conductivity, in particular Steel, up.
- FIG. 8 shows a simplified representation of the circuit of FIG. 7.
- the ohmic resistances of the low-resistance, high-inductance connections VL1, VL2 and the inductances of the high-resistance, low-inductance connections VR1, VR2 are no longer shown.
- conductors without ohmic resistance or without inductance per se are not possible.
- the circuit is therefore to be understood by those skilled in the art that the conductors are substantially excellent either by their inductive characteristics or their ohmic characteristics.
- the modular DC link circuit forms an LC chain conductor with an additional R element parallel to the L element.
- the inductance of the high-resistance, low-inductance compounds VR1, VR2 and the ohmic resistance of the low-resistance, high-inductance compounds VL1, VL2 is neglected.
- the L-element is formed by the inductance L of the first low-resistance, high-inductance connections VL1 and the second low-resistance, high-inductance connections VL2 and the C-section through the capacitance C of the intermediate circuit capacitor module 30, wherein the L-element and the C-element one Form LC resonant circuit and the R-element is also connected in parallel to the L-element.
- the R-element is formed by the first high-resistance, low-inductance compound VR1 and the second high-resistance, low-inductance compound VR2.
- the ohmic resistance of the high-resistance, low-inductance compounds VR1, VR2 is switched so as to attenuate the oscillation of the LC oscillation circuit.
- parasitic AC components are generated by the switching device and the LC resonant circuit in the system. These alternating current components reduce the efficiency of the converter and should be damped.
- the modular DC link circuit of Figures 7 and 8 can be extended by more DC link capacitor modules with corresponding circuit in parallel and in a chain with the other DC link capacitor modules 30.
- a modular DC link circuit can have, for example, 1 to 6 or 1 to 8 DC link capacitor modules 30. All DC link capacitor modules 30 within the chain are identical to their neighboring DC link capacitor modules 30 connected to each other. Excluded are the two DC link capacitor modules 30 at the edges of the chain, since they have only one immediate neighbor.
- FIG. 8 shows the part of the circuit which corresponds to a power phase module 10.
- the high-impedance, low-inductance compounds VR1, VR2 are not part of the power phase module.
- the power phase module 10 is also placed on the busbars 30a, 30b and thus forms the low-resistance, high-inductance connections VL1, VL2 with these and arranged in the power phase module 10 cross bridges 18.
- the modular DC link circuit is thereby generated in this embodiment only with the power phase module 10.
- FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of the modular DC link circuit.
- Each module of the DC link circuit has identical components. 9, ohmic resistances of the low-resistance, high-inductance compounds VL1, VL2, VL3, VL4 as well as inductances of the high-resistance, low-inductive connections VR1, VR2, VR3, VR4 are not shown in FIG.
- each DC link capacitor module 30 has two DC link capacitors each.
- the DC link capacitors are connected between a first terminal and a second terminal and between a third terminal and a fourth terminal of the DC link capacitor module 30.
- the second and third ports are at the same potential and the first and fourth ports are at the same potential.
- a DC voltage U DC is present between the first and the second connection, or between the third and the fourth connection, in a mode of operation.
- the two DC link capacitors are connected in parallel.
- the four connections of the intermediate circuit capacitor modules are each connected via one of the low-resistance, high-inductance connections VL1, VL2, VL3, VL4 and one of the high-resistance, low-inductance connections VR1, VR2, VR3, VR4.
- the first high-impedance, low-inductance connection VR1 are connected in parallel to the second high-resistance, low-inductance connection VR2, the first low-resistance, high-inductance connection VL1 is connected in parallel to the second low-resistance, high-inductance connection VL2, the third high-resistance, low-inductance connections VR3 parallel to the fourth high-resistance , low-inductance connections VR4, and the third low-resistance, high-inductance connections VL3 connected in parallel with the fourth low-resistance, high-inductance connections VL4.
- the four low-resistance, high-inductance connections VL1, VL2, VL3, VL4 are separate from one another and essentially disjoint from one another, namely from the components which dominate their electrical properties.
- the high-impedance, low-inductance compounds VR1, VR2, VR3, VR4 VL4 can be separated from each other separately and essentially independently of one another, ie, based on the components which dominate their electrical properties.
- a DC voltage U DC is applied in each case between one of the busbars 31a, 31b of the first busbar pair 31 and one of the busbars 32a, 32b of the second busbar pair 32.
- the DC voltage U DC feeds in an operating state at the modular DC link circuit is used in a converter circuit for generating an AC voltage, not shown switching devices. At an AC output of the switching device, an AC voltage can be tapped. In another operating state, the converter circuit can also conversely generate a DC voltage from an AC voltage.
- the modular DC link circuit in Figure 9 is constructed such that spatially next to each current-carrying conductor another current-carrying conductor is arranged, whose current direction is opposite to the first conductor. This minimizes the size of conductor loops and reduces inductance.
- the converter circuit can therefore also be implemented geometrically in a converter as well. The part of the circuit that would correspond to a power phase module 10 of an inverter is also sketched in FIG. 9, wherein the switching device is not shown.
- FIG. 10 shows a rail vehicle 100 according to one embodiment.
- the converter circuit may be connected to an energy converter, in particular a traction motor, for converting electrical energy into kinetic energy or vice versa, such that the energy converter is connected to at least one of the first AC terminals of one of the switching devices.
- the on-board electronics or a regenerative brake can also be connected to the converter circuit via an AC connection of an associated switching device.
- the DC link capacitor modules 30 of FIGS. 7 and 8 may also include a plurality of DC link capacitors.
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Abstract
Description
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DE102017209456.7A DE102017209456B4 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2017-06-02 | Modular DC link circuit of an inverter, converter circuit, energy converter and vehicle |
PCT/EP2018/064533 WO2018220212A1 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2018-06-01 | Modular dc link circuit of a converter, converter circuit, energy converter, and vehicle |
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EP18729097.8A Pending EP3631967A1 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2018-06-01 | Modular dc link circuit of a converter, converter circuit, energy converter, and vehicle |
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US (1) | US11159101B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3631967A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN110720173B (en) |
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DE102019132685B4 (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2022-05-25 | Audi Ag | Electrical circuit arrangement comprising an excitation circuit and an inverter circuit and motor vehicle |
DE102019220264A1 (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-24 | Bombardier Transportation Gmbh | Low-inductive connection of spatially separated converter arrangements |
JP7467913B2 (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2024-04-16 | 富士電機株式会社 | Semiconductor Device |
AT523578A1 (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2021-09-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Converter arrangement and test stand with one converter arrangement |
DE102020207696A1 (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2021-12-23 | Bombardier Transportation Gmbh | Electrical circuit arrangement, rail vehicle and method for producing an electrical circuit arrangement |
US11932114B2 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2024-03-19 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Power electronics assembly having staggered and diagonally arranged transistors |
DE102022207478A1 (en) | 2022-07-21 | 2024-02-01 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Modular intermediate circuit capacitor and power converter with such an intermediate circuit capacitor |
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US5245527A (en) | 1991-12-24 | 1993-09-14 | Siemens Electric Limited | Modular ac drive controller |
EP1195877B1 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2018-09-12 | ABB Schweiz AG | Inverter system with dc-link connected inverter modules and method of operation |
WO2006000111A1 (en) | 2004-06-23 | 2006-01-05 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Low harmonic multiphase converter circuit |
JP5100759B2 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2012-12-19 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | Current converter |
EP2403323B1 (en) | 2010-06-21 | 2013-05-01 | Danaher Motion Stockholm AB | Inverter type motor drive |
CN102522908A (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2012-06-27 | 浙江永升新能源科技有限公司 | Modular structure of inverting units of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter |
US20140077611A1 (en) | 2012-09-14 | 2014-03-20 | Henry Todd Young | Capacitor bank, laminated bus, and power supply apparatus |
EP2927044B1 (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2017-02-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating parallel auxiliary converters in a railway vehicle |
CN107624216B (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2020-04-03 | 伟肯有限公司 | Power electronic device |
DE102015216083A1 (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-03-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Module arrangement for low-inductance operation of a power semiconductor module to a DC voltage circuit |
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2017
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2018
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CN110720173A (en) | 2020-01-21 |
DE102017209456B4 (en) | 2018-12-27 |
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US11159101B2 (en) | 2021-10-26 |
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