DE102020208215A1 - Circuit board, inverter and electric motor assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a circuit board (4), in particular a high-current circuit board, for an inverter (3) with a plurality of current conduction layer layers (L1, L2, L3, L4, L (n-1), L (n)), the current conduction layer layers (L1, L2 , L3, L4, L (n-1), L (n)) are divided into sections (30, 32, 34, 36, 38), the sections (30, 32, 34, 36, 38) being connected to have a battery or a connection for power exchange with an electric motor (6), characterized in that only sections (30, 38) with a connection to the battery or sections (32, 34, 36) with a connection for power exchange with the electric motor one above the other are arranged.
The invention also relates to an inverter.
The invention also relates to an electric motor arrangement.

Description

The invention relates to a high-current circuit board for an inverter with a plurality of current-conducting layer layers, the current-conducting layer layers being divided into sections, the sections having a connection to a battery or a connection for exchanging power with an electric motor.

Circuit boards are used to accommodate and electrically connect components. A printed circuit board has electrically conductive elements and electrically insulating elements. In particular, layers made of copper are used as electrically conductive elements. It is also known to stack several layers of copper on top of one another in a printed circuit board, the copper layers being separated from one another by electrically insulating layers.

The components can be attached to the circuit board using Through Hole Technology (THT) or Surface Mount Technology (SMT). They are then also referred to as Through Hole Device THD or Surface Mount Device SMD.

Inverters, also known as inverters, are used to convert direct voltage into alternating voltage. There are areas and outputs connected to the plus and minus pole of a battery for outputting one or more phases with alternating voltage. Circuit breakers are used for changing.

The voltages used and the currents used increase in order to reduce power losses. In particular, high-current circuit boards are used that can withstand currents of more than 100A.

From the DE 10 2015 209 059 A1 emerges from a high-current circuit board. With the structure shown, however, undesirable shift currents can arise.

Based on this, it is the object of the present invention to specify a printed circuit board, an inverter and a motor vehicle that generate fewer electrical losses.

To solve this problem, a circuit board of the type mentioned is proposed, which is characterized in that the sections lying one above the other have exclusively a connection to the battery or exclusively a connection for exchanging power with an electric motor.

The essence of the invention is to be seen in the fact that the structure of the circuit board is selected in such a way that undesired high-frequency displacement currents are minimized.

An electrically conductive layer is referred to as a current conduction layer layer. These are preferably made of copper. Current conduction layers are designed to be flat and form flat structures. The layers are arranged more or less parallel to one another, which results in a layer structure. Electrically insulating layers are arranged between the electrically conductive layers. One can also say that the current conduction layer layers extend in the axial direction of the printed circuit board and are arranged one after the other in the thickness direction of the printed circuit board.

There are several independent sections in each layer of electrical wiring. Independent means that the sections do not have a permanent electrical connection to one another. Such a circuit board thus has rows and columns or layers with sections as power line sections. Several power line sections are arranged in the axial direction as a power line layer layer and in the thickness direction as a column, also called a row. In the columns, the sections are arranged one above the other. A perfect match of the lengths is not necessary.

Each of the sections has as an output either a connection to the battery or a connection for exchanging power with an electric motor for an electric motor. The input is connected or can be connected to the positive pole and the negative pole of a battery. The input of a section with a connection for exchanging power with an electric motor can in particular be connected to a battery pole via a section with a connection to the battery. A circuit breaker, via which the connection is implemented, can be arranged between a section with a connection to the battery and a section with a connection for exchanging power with an electric motor. So-called low-side switches can be used for the sections connected to the battery with the negative pole of the battery, and so-called high-side switches can be used for the sections connected to the battery with the positive pole of the battery.

An avoidance of undesired high-frequency displacement currents is achieved in that the sections lying one above the other have exclusively a connection to the battery or exclusively a connection for exchanging power with an electric motor. The sections are thus spatially positioned separately according to their connection or their connections. Similar connections are arranged in columns or rows.

Preferably, the sections can act on the same length in the axial direction of the circuit board. That means that they are of the same length.

Sections lying one above the other preferably have the same thickness. Furthermore, all sections of an area or all sections of the circuit board can have the same thickness. Then they have the same ampacity.

Preferably, in a row of superposed sections with a connection to the battery, there can be sections with a connection to a negative pole of a battery and sections with a connection to a positive pole of a battery. In a row or column there can therefore be connections for both poles of the battery; a further division in this direction is not preferred. This is related to a preferred distribution of the connections for exchanging power with an electric motor, which is described below.

Sections with a connection to the positive pole and sections with a connection to the negative pole can preferably alternate at least partially. The sequence of a row is in the direction of the thickness. These each have a connection to the battery. So the sections with a connection to the positive pole do not all have to follow one another directly and then all sections come with a connection to the negative pole. At this point, too, “purity” of the sorting is not desired. On the contrary, the partially reciprocal stacking of sections with a connection to the negative pole and sections with a connection to the positive pole is preferred to reduce the stray impedances in this area.

Advantageously, in a row of superposed sections, the number of sections with a connection to the positive pole can correspond to the number of sections with a connection to the negative pole. In other words, the row has an even number of sections. Half of it is connected to the positive pole and the other half to the negative pole of the battery. This affects the sections with a connection to the battery.

Preferably, only sections of a single phase can be located in a series of superposed sections with a connection for exchanging power with an electric motor. In the case of the sections with a connection for exchanging power with an electric motor, a further structuring is therefore preferred, namely that only sections of the same phase can be found in a row or column. This can also reduce undesirable high-frequency displacement currents.

The sections with a connection for exchanging power with an electric motor on the input side are preferably each connected to a section with a connection to the battery.

The high-current circuit board can preferably have plated-through holes which connect a plurality of current-conducting layer layers as a current-carrying structure for the electrical connection of the phase potentials, in particular the non-supply-related potentials of the circuit breakers. A plated-through hole thus extends in the thickness direction of the printed circuit board and thus connects sections of several rows with one another.

The printed circuit board can preferably have at least one control layer and one power layer, part of the current conduction layer layers being assigned to the control layer and part of the current conduction layer layers being assigned to the power layer.

An embodiment of the printed circuit board is advantageous in which the conduction layer has a plurality of current conduction layer layers. The current conduction layer layers are in particular copper layers and in particular thick copper layers. The conductive layer is also referred to as the thick copper layer. The number of electrical conduction layer layers is preferably two or four, in particular an even value with n> = 2. The number of electrical conduction layer layers is particularly dependent on the number of phases and poles as well as the current value supplied per phase and pole.

In the control layer, those sections with a connection to the battery can preferably be connected exclusively to a negative pole of a battery. The control layer differs in this respect from the power layer, in which both sections with a connection to the battery to the negative pole of the battery and sections with a connection to the battery to a positive pole of the battery can be located.

Preferably, there can be six sections in a current conduction layer layer. In particular, three sections with a connection to the battery and three sections with a connection for exchanging power with an electric motor can be located in a current conduction layer layer. A three-phase output of the inverter is assumed. Furthermore, there can be as many sections in a current conduction layer layer with a connection to the battery and as many sections with a connection for power exchange with an electric motor as the inverter or the line plate has phases at the output. There are also six-phase inverters, for example. These then have twelve sections in each current conduction layer layer.

Preferably, the sections with a connection to the battery and the sections with a connection for exchanging power with an electric motor can alternate. This arrangement enables a simplified structure of the circuit board. Preferably, a row of sections lying one above the other can be connected to a connection to the battery and a row of sections lying one above the other can be connected to a connection for exchanging power with an electric motor via a bridge with two circuit breakers. In particular, the output of a section with a connection to the battery can be connected to the input of a section with a connection for exchanging power with an electric motor.

The invention also relates to an inverter with an intermediate circuit capacitor and a printed circuit board. The inverter is characterized by the fact that the circuit board is designed as described.

In addition, the invention relates to an electric motor arrangement with a battery, an inverter and an electric motor, the electric motor being connected to the battery via the inverter. The electric motor arrangement is characterized in that the inverter is designed as described.

In addition, the invention relates to a motor vehicle with power electronics having a printed circuit board. The motor vehicle is characterized in that the circuit board is designed as described. The motor vehicle can also have an inverter and / or an electric motor arrangement as described.

• 1 ein Kraftfahrzeug,
• 2 einen Inverter,
• 3 eine Leiterplatte in Dickenrichtung, und
• 4 eine Leiterplatte in der Draufsicht.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention emerge from the following description of exemplary embodiments and figures. Show:

• 1 a motor vehicle,
• 2 an inverter,
• 3 a printed circuit board in the thickness direction, and
• 4th a circuit board in plan view.

1 shows a motor vehicle 1 with power electronics 2, for example in the form of an inverter 3. This includes a circuit board 4, as will be described in more detail below.

The motor vehicle 1 can in particular have an electric axle 5. The motor vehicle 1 can in principle be designed as a purely internal combustion motor vehicle, as a hybrid motor vehicle or as an electric vehicle. With the motor vehicle 1 after 1 the last two variants are possible.

2 shows an inverter 3 together with a battery 6 and an electric motor 7. The inverter 3 comprises an intermediate circuit capacitor 8 and a B6 bridge 9. The intermediate circuit capacitor 8 is divided into several parts that are assigned to a phase or half bridge. A plurality of circuit breakers 10 are arranged on a circuit board 4 on the B6 bridge 9.

The intermediate circuit capacitor 8 is connected to the negative pole via a line 12 and to the positive pole of the battery 6 via a line 14. Each of the partial capacitors 16 is then again correspondingly connected by two lines 18 and 20 to a half bridge 22, which each includes two power switches 10. To maintain clarity, only some of the lines, partial circuit capacitors and half bridges are provided with reference symbols.

From the B6 bridge 9 lead three or six lines 24, each of which is assigned to a phase.

The structure of the circuit board is in the 3 and 4th made clear.

3 shows a circuit board 4 in cross section. The thickness direction of the printed circuit board 4 is in the direction of the arrow 26 and the axial direction in the direction of the arrow 28. The printed circuit board 4 has, by way of example, six current conduction layer layers L1, L2, L3, L4, L (n-1) and L (n). Each of the conductive layer layers L1, L2, L3, L4, L (n-1), and L (n) has six sections. The conductive layer layer L1 comprises, for example, the sections 30, 32, 34 and 36. The three sections 30 have a connection to the battery and the sections 32, 34 and 36 have a connection for exchanging power with an electric motor.

The sections 38 also have a connection to the battery.

The rows 40, 42, 44, 46, 48 and 50 formed by the sections 30, 32, 34, 36 and 38 are arranged next to one another in the axial direction. The rows 40, 44 and 48 only have sections 30 and 38 with a connection to the battery. The sections 30 are connected or to be connected to the negative pole of the battery 6, so that the output is also connected to the negative pole of the battery 6 connected. The sections 38 are connected or to be connected to the positive pole of the battery 6, so that the output is also connected to the positive pole of the battery 6.

The sections 32 are assigned exclusively to a first phase, the sections 34 exclusively to a second phase and the sections 36 exclusively to a third phase. The rows 42, 46 and 50 thus each have only sections of a single phase. This is also illustrated graphically by the pattern.

A partial circuit capacitor 16-1, 16-2 and 16-3 of the intermediate circuit capacitor 16 is assigned to each of the rows 40, 44 and 48. These are each connected via a through-hole contact 52.

The sections 30, 32, 34, 36 and 38 apply the same length in the axial direction of the high-current circuit board 4. They are related to the representation in 3 as "equally wide".

In each of the rows 40, 44 and 48, in which sections 30 and 38 with a connection to the battery lie one above the other, there are sections 30 with a connection to the negative terminal of the battery 6 and sections 38 with a connection to the positive terminal of the battery 6 The sections 38 with a connection to the positive pole and the sections 30 with a connection to the negative pole alternate at least partially. The number of sections 38 with a connection to the positive pole located in one of the rows 40, 44 or 48, which are rows of superimposed sections 30 and 38, corresponds to the number of sections 30 with a connection to the negative pole. In the example after 3 there are three sections each.

By sorting the sections 30 to 38 into sections 30 and 38 with connection to the battery and sections 32, 34 and 36 with connection for power exchange with an electric motor, DC areas 41, 45 and 49 as well as AC areas 43, 47 and 51 are created educated. These correspond to the corresponding rows, the row 40 or its sections 30 and 38 thus form the DC area 41, etc.

The high-current circuit board has layer connectors that connect several layers of power lines L1 to L (n) as a current-carrying structure for the electrical connection of the phase potentials, in particular the non-supply-related potentials of the power switches LS1 and HS1, LS2 and HS2 or LS3 and HS3. The "L" stands for "low" and the "H" for "high".

The rows 40 and 42 are thus connected via the circuit breakers LS1 and HS1, the rows 44 and 46 via the circuit breakers LS2 and HS2 and the rows 48 and 50 via the circuit breakers LS3 and HS3.

Each row 40 to 50 also has a driver TL1, TH1, TL2, TH2, TL3 or TH3. Here, too, the "L" stands for "low" and the "H" for "high".

• • Horizontale Segmentierung der gesamten Hochstromleiterplatte 4 in mindestens drei AC-Bereiche 43, 47 und 51 und mindestens drei DC-Bereiche 41, 45 und 49 zur Vermeidung der Überlappung von DC- und AC-Bereichen:
  • o AC-Potentiale werden über alle Lagen L1 bis L(n) in segmentierten Bereichen 43, 47 und 51 der Hochstromleiterplatte 4 geführt
  • o DC-Potentiale (DC-Minus in Abschnitten 30, DC-Plus in Abschnitten 38) werden über alle Lagen L1 bis L(n) in segmentierten Bereichen 41, 45 und 49 der Leiterplatte 4 geführt.
• • AC-Bereiche 43, 47 und 51 sind wie folgt angeordnet:
  • o Für jede Phase wird ein Teilsegment bereitgestellt, in der nur Potentiale geführt sind, die der jeweiligen Phase zugeordnet sind. Somit existiert für jede Phase ein eigenes Teilsemgent, Bereich 43, 47 oder 51 genannt.
  • o Es werden Funktionalitäten der Treiberansteuerung für den TH1, TH2 und TH3 im Ansteuerbereich 54 platziert und geroutet, wobei sich der Ansteuerbereich 54 auf den Lagen L1 und L2 innerhalb des Teilsegments der jeweiligen Phase erstreckt.
  • o Es wird ein Leistungsbereich 56 auf den restlichen Lagen L3...L(n) innerhalb des Teilsegments der jeweiligen Phase realisiert.
  • o Der Leistungsbereich 56 erstreckt sich über mindestens 4 Kupferlagen L3...L(n).
  • o Es wird im Leistungsbereich 56 ausschließlich das AC-Potential der jeweiligen Phase geführt.
• • Die DC-Bereiche 41, 45 und 49 sind wie folgt angeordnet:
  • o Für jede Phase wird ein Teilsegment, DC-Bereich 41, 45 oder 49 genannt, bereitgestellt, in der nur DC-Potentiale geführt sind.
  • o Es werden Funktionalitäten der Treiberansteuerung für TL1, TL2 und TL3 im Ansteuerbereich 54 platziert und geroutet, wobei sich der Ansteuerbereich 54 auf den Lagen L1 und L2 innerhalb des Teilsegments der jeweiligen Phase erstreckt. Im Ansteuerbereich 54 führen die Teilsegmente DC-Minus-Potential.
  • o Es wird ein Leistungsbereich 56 auf den restlichen Lagen L3...L(n) innerhalb des Teilsegments der jeweiligen Phase realisiert.
  • o Der Leistungsbereich 56 erstreckt sich über mindestens 4 Kupferlagen L3...L(n).
  • o Es werden im Leistungsbereich 56 alternierend DC-Plus- und DC-Minus-Potentiale geführt, wobei mindestens einmal Wechsel von einen DC-Plus- und ein DC-Minus-Potential erfolgt und diese übereinander geführt werden.
• • Die Leiterplatte 4 stellt eine Schnittstelle zu einem funktionalen Zwischenkreiskondensator 16 bereit. Der Zwischenkreis ist im Grundaufbau derart angeordnet, dass...
  • o ...dieser in THT-Technologie ausgeführt wird. Dies bringt den Vorteil, dass über den Verbindungsprozess eine metallisch gefüllte Verbindung mit der Leiterplatte 4 bereitgestellt werden kann, die sonst über viele nicht metallisch gefüllte Durchkontaktierungen 52 aufwändig hergestellt werden müsste.
  • o ...dieser verteilt aufgebaut ist, d.h. aus mehreren diskreten Kondensatoren 16-1, 16-2 und 16-3 gebildet wird, wobei Teilkapazitäten innerhalb eines DC-Segments einer Phase liegen. Insbesondere können auch die Teilkapazitäten aus mehreren Einzelkondensatoren bestehen. Dies bringt den Vorteil einer weiteren Reduktion der Anschlussinduktivität der einzelnen Kommutierungszellen (bestehend aus Zwischenkreiskondensator 16 und Leistungsschaltern LS1, HS1, LS2, HS2, LS3, HS3) und dient einer feineren Skalierbarkeit.
• • Die Leiterplatte 4 stellt eine Schnittstelle zu mindestens 2 topologischen Leistungsschaltern (LS1-HS1, LS2-HS2, LS3-HS3) pro AC-Bereich 43, 47 und 51 und DC-Bereich 41, 45 und 49 bereit. Diese beiden topologischen Leistungsschalter können eine Halbbrückenstruktur bilden. Diese können so ausgeführt sein, dass die Halbbrücken...
  • o ...in einem Package realisiert sind, was Verarbeitung und Verbindungstechnik vereinfacht
  • o ... in mehreren Packages pro topologischem Schalter realisiert sind, was maximale Skalierbarkeit ermöglicht
  • o ... in einem Package pro toplogischem Schalter realisiert sind, was einen Kompromiss aus den beiden vorigen Ausführungen darstellt.
    • • ...diese in THT-Technologie ausgeführt sind. Dies bringt den Vorteil, dass über den Verbindungsprozess eine metallisch gefüllte Verbindung mit der Leiterplatte 4 bereitgestellt werden kann, die sonst über viele nicht metallisch gefüllte Durchkontaktierungen aufwändig hergestellt werden müsste.
    • • Der LS zwischen dem DC-Minus-Potential und dem AC-Potential schalten kann
    • • Der HS zwischen dem DC-Plus-Potential und dem AC-Potential schalten kann.

In 3 the basic structure is summarized in a sectional view in the direction of thickness 26:

• • Horizontal segmentation of the entire high-current circuit board 4 into at least three AC areas 43, 47 and 51 and at least three DC areas 41, 45 and 49 to avoid the overlap of DC and AC areas:
  • o AC potentials are routed across all layers L1 to L (n) in segmented areas 43, 47 and 51 of the high-current circuit board 4
  • o DC potentials (DC minus in sections 30, DC plus in sections 38) are routed over all layers L1 to L (n) in segmented areas 41, 45 and 49 of the circuit board 4.
• • AC areas 43, 47 and 51 are arranged as follows:
  • o For each phase, a sub-segment is provided in which only potentials are listed that are assigned to the respective phase. Thus, there is a separate subset, called area 43, 47 or 51, for each phase.
  • Functionalities of the driver control for the TH1, TH2 and TH3 are placed and routed in the control area 54, the control area 54 extending on the layers L1 and L2 within the sub-segment of the respective phase.
  • o A power range 56 is realized on the remaining layers L3 ... L (n) within the sub-segment of the respective phase.
  • o The power range 56 extends over at least 4 copper layers L3 ... L (n).
  • o Only the AC potential of the respective phase is carried in power range 56.
• • The DC areas 41, 45 and 49 are arranged as follows:
  • A subsegment, called DC area 41, 45 or 49, is provided for each phase, in which only DC potentials are carried.
  • Functionalities of the driver control for TL1, TL2 and TL3 are placed and routed in the control area 54, the control area 54 being on the layers L1 and L2 within the sub-segment of the respective Phase extends. In the control area 54, the subsegments carry DC minus potential.
  • o A power range 56 is realized on the remaining layers L3 ... L (n) within the sub-segment of the respective phase.
  • o The power range 56 extends over at least 4 copper layers L3 ... L (n).
  • o In the power range 56, DC plus and DC minus potentials are alternately routed, with a DC plus and DC minus potential changing at least once and these being routed one above the other.
• The circuit board 4 provides an interface to a functional intermediate circuit capacitor 16. The basic structure of the intermediate circuit is arranged in such a way that ...
  • o ... this is implemented in THT technology. This has the advantage that a metallically filled connection to the printed circuit board 4 can be provided via the connection process, which connection would otherwise have to be produced in a complex manner via many non-metallically filled vias 52.
  • o ... this is structured in a distributed manner, ie is formed from several discrete capacitors 16-1, 16-2 and 16-3, with partial capacitances lying within a DC segment of a phase. In particular, the partial capacitances can also consist of several individual capacitors. This has the advantage of a further reduction in the connection inductance of the individual commutation cells (consisting of intermediate circuit capacitor 16 and power switches LS1, HS1, LS2, HS2, LS3, HS3) and is used for finer scalability.
• • The circuit board 4 provides an interface to at least 2 topological circuit breakers (LS1-HS1, LS2-HS2, LS3-HS3) per AC area 43, 47 and 51 and DC area 41, 45 and 49. These two topological circuit breakers can form a half-bridge structure. These can be designed so that the half bridges ...
  • o ... are implemented in one package, which simplifies processing and connection technology
  • o ... are implemented in several packages per topological switch, which enables maximum scalability
  • o ... are implemented in one package per top-logic switch, which is a compromise between the two previous statements.
    • • ... these are implemented in THT technology. This has the advantage that a metallically filled connection to the printed circuit board 4 can be provided via the connection process, which would otherwise have to be produced in a complex manner via many non-metallically filled vias.
    • • The LS can switch between the DC minus potential and the AC potential
    • • The HS can switch between the DC plus potential and the AC potential.

4th shows the circuit board 4 in plan view. The six sections 30, 32, 34, and 36 of the topmost current conduction layer L1 can be seen at the top.

Sections 38, 32, 34 and 36 of a lower current conduction layer layer, for example the current conduction layer layer L3, are shown shifted somewhat for better visibility.

Related to 3 The drivers TL1, TH1, TL2, TH2, TL3 and TH3 are therefore above and in the plan view above. These connect the sections 30, 32, 34 and 36 of the power line layer L1 with a line section 58, on which a control board interface 60 is also arranged.

The partial circuit capacitors 16-1, 16-2 and 16-3 are only indicated by dashed lines, since they are located on the underside of the line plate 4. The circuit breakers LS1, HS1, LS2, HS2, LS3 and HS3 are also on the underside and are therefore only dashed.

There are also three AC interfaces 62, 64 and 66 and two DC interfaces 68 and 70 on the top.

• • Mindestens ein DC-Stromverteilungsbereich 41, 45 und 49 mit folgenden Merkmalen oder Funktionen:
  • o vertikale Lagenanordnung identisch zum DC-Bereich 41, 45 und 49
  • o Bereitstellung vom mindestens 2 DC-Schnittstellen 68 und 70, wovon mindestens eine für die positive Spannungsversorgung des Inverters 3 zur Batterie 6 und mindestens eine für die negative Spannungsversorgung der Batterie 6 verwendet wird.
    • ▪ Hierbei ist die DC-Schnittstelle 68 und/oder 70 in THT-Technologie ausgeführt. Dies bringt den Vorteil, dass über den Verbindungsprozess eine metallisch gefüllte Verbindung mit der Leiterplatte 4 bereitgestellt werden kann, die sonst über viele nicht metallisch gefüllte Durchkontaktierungen aufwändig hergestellt werden müsste.
  • o Verteilung des Batteriestroms an die mindestens 3 DC-Bereiche 41, 45 und 49
• • Jeder AC-Bereich 43, 47 und 51 hat zusätzlich zu den bereits beschriebenen Merkmalen mindestens eine AC-Schnittstelle 62, 64 oder 66, die den Inverter 3 mit der elektrischen Maschine 7 verbindet und den Strom für die Maschine 7 aus dem Inverter 3 auskoppelt.
  • o Hierbei sind die AC-Schnittstellen 62, 64 oder 66 THT-Technologie ausgeführt. Dies bringt den Vorteil, dass über den Verbindungsprozess eine metallisch gefüllte Verbindung mit der Leiterplatte bereitgestellt werden kann, die sonst über viele nicht metallisch gefüllte Durchkontaktierungen aufwändig hergestellt werden müsste.
  • o Mindestens ein Niedervolt-Bereich 59 mit folgenden Merkmalen:
• • Es wird ein Teilsegment bereitgestellt, in der nur Potentiale geführt sind, die dem Niedervolt-Bereich zugeordnet sind. Somit werden überlappende Flächen zu allen AC-Bereichen 43, 47 und 51 und DC-Bereichen 41, 45 und 49 vermieden.
• • Es wird eine Schnittstelle 60 zu einem Controlboard bereitgestellt.
• • Mindestens eine Treiberansteuerung für jeden topologischen Schalter mit einer galvanischen Trennung zwischen Niedervolt- und DC- bzw. AC-Bereich.

In 4th In summary, the following preferred features of the structure according to the invention can be seen:

• • At least one DC power distribution area 41, 45 and 49 with the following features or functions:
  • o Vertical layer arrangement identical to DC area 41, 45 and 49
  • o Provision of at least two DC interfaces 68 and 70, of which at least one is used for the positive voltage supply of the inverter 3 to the battery 6 and at least one for the negative voltage supply of the battery 6.
    • ▪ The DC interface 68 and / or 70 is implemented in THT technology. This has the advantage that a metallically filled connection to the circuit board 4 can be provided via the connection process, which would otherwise would have to be produced in a complex manner using many non-metallic vias.
  • o Distribution of the battery power to the at least 3 DC areas 41, 45 and 49
• In addition to the features already described, each AC area 43, 47 and 51 has at least one AC interface 62, 64 or 66, which connects the inverter 3 to the electrical machine 7 and decouples the current for the machine 7 from the inverter 3 .
  • o The AC interfaces 62, 64 or 66 are designed using THT technology. This has the advantage that a metallically filled connection to the printed circuit board can be provided via the connection process, which otherwise would have to be produced in a complex manner using many non-metallically filled vias.
  • o At least one low-voltage area 59 with the following features:
• • A sub-segment is provided in which only potentials that are assigned to the low-voltage range are carried. Overlapping areas to all AC areas 43, 47 and 51 and DC areas 41, 45 and 49 are thus avoided.
• • An interface 60 to a control board is provided.
• • At least one driver control for each topological switch with galvanic isolation between the low-voltage and DC or AC areas.

• • Alternativ zur Schnittstelle eines verteilten Zentralkreiskondensators 16 kann eine Schnittstelle zu einem zentraler Zentralkreiskondensator bereitgestellt werden. Diese Schnittstelle würde dann in der DC-Stromverteilungsschicht angeordnet werden.
• • Alternativ zu THT-Bauteilen können die Leistungsschalter, die Teilkreiskondensatoren 16-1, 16-2 und 16-3 sowie die DC-Schnittstellen 68 und 70 und die AC-Schnittstellen 62, 64 und 66 auch in SMD-Bauformen verwendet werden. Dies kann zusätzliche Lötprozesse in der Montage der Leiterplatte 4 einsparen.
• • Der Leistungsbereich 56 kann sich auf mehr als 4 Lagen erstrecken, falls die Anforderungen an den DC- und AC-Strom dies erfordern.

There are also the following alternatives to the embodiment described:

• • As an alternative to the interface of a distributed central circuit capacitor 16, an interface to a central central circuit capacitor can be provided. This interface would then be placed in the DC power distribution layer.
• • As an alternative to THT components, the circuit breakers, the partial circuit capacitors 16-1, 16-2 and 16-3 as well as the DC interfaces 68 and 70 and the AC interfaces 62, 64 and 66 can also be used in SMD designs. This can save additional soldering processes in the assembly of the circuit board 4.
• • The power range 56 can extend to more than 4 layers, if the requirements for the DC and AC current so require.

The circuit board 4 can have a symmetrical structure. This means that the structure of an imaginary center line in the thickness direction is structured identically in both directions. Thus, for example, layer L1 has the same thickness as layer L (n). This enables standardized circuit board production and processing processes.

The circuit board 4 can, however, also have an asymmetrical structure. Then all layers of the power range 56 are of the same thickness. This enables even power distribution in the power range and saves layers that would be necessary for a symmetrical structure.

List of reference symbols

1

Motor vehicle

2

Power electronics

3

Inverter

4th

Circuit board

5

electric axis

6th

battery

7th

Electric motor

8th

DC link capacitor

9

B6 bridge

10

Circuit breaker

12th

management

14th

management

16

DC link capacitor

16-1

Partial circuit capacitor

16-2

Partial circuit capacitor

16-3

Partial circuit capacitor

18th

management

20th

management

22nd

Half bridge

24

management

26th

Thickness direction

28

Axial direction

30th

section

32

section

34

section

36

section

38

section

40

section

42

row

44

row

46

row

48

row

50

row

52

Via

54

Control area

56

Performance range

58

Line section

60

Control board interface

62

AC interface

64

AC interface

66

AC interface

68

DC interface

70

DC interface

LS1

Circuit breaker

LS2

Circuit breaker

LS3

Circuit breaker

HS1

Circuit breaker

HS2

Circuit breaker

HS3

Circuit breaker

TL1

driver

TH1

driver

TL2

driver

TH2

driver

TL3

driver

TH3

driver

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102015209059 A1 [0006]

Claims (15)

Printed circuit board (4), in particular high-current printed circuit board, for an inverter (3) with several power line layer layers (L1, L2, L3, L4, L (n-1), L (n)), the current line layer layers (L1, L2, L3, L4 , L (n-1), L (n)) are divided into sections (30, 32, 34, 36, 38), the sections (30, 32, 34, 36, 38) having a connection to a battery or a Have connection for power exchange with an electric motor (6), characterized in that only sections (30, 38) with a connection to the battery or sections (32, 34, 36) with a connection for power exchange with the electric motor are arranged one above the other. PCB according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the sections (30, 32, 34, 36, 38) act on the same length in the axial direction of the circuit board (4). PCB according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that in a row (40, 44, 48) superposed sections (30, 38) with connection to the battery, sections (30) with a connection to a negative pole of the battery (6) and sections (38) with a Connection to a positive terminal of the battery (6). PCB according to Claim 3 , characterized in that the sections (38) with a connection to the positive pole and the sections (30) with a connection to the negative pole alternate at least partially. PCB according to one of the Claims 3 or 4th , characterized in that in a row (40, 44, 48) superposed sections (30, 38) the number of sections (38) with a connection to the positive pole corresponds to the number of sections (30) with a connection to the negative pole. Circuit board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a row (42, 46, 50) of superimposed sections (32, 34, 36) with a connection for power exchange with the electric motor, there are only sections (32, 34, 36) of a single phase condition. Printed circuit board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the printed circuit board (4) has layer connectors (52) which have several power conduction layer layers (L1, L2, L3, L4, L (n-1), L (n)) as a current conducting structure for electrical Connect the phase potentials, in particular the non-supply-related potentials of the circuit breakers (LS1, HS1, LS2, HS2, LS3, HS3) to one another. Circuit board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circuit board (4) has at least one control layer (54) and one power layer (56), part of the current conduction layer layers (L1, L2) of the control layer (54) and part of the current conduction layer layers (L3, L4, L (n-1), L (n)) is assigned to the power layer (56). PCB according to Claim 8 , characterized in that in the control layer (54) those sections (30) with a connection to the battery (6) are connected exclusively to a connection to a negative pole of a battery (6). Circuit board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there are six sections (30, 32, 34, 36, 38) in a current conduction layer layer (L1, L2, L3, L4, L (n-1), L (n)) . Circuit board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sections (30, 38) with a connection to the battery (6) and the sections (32, 34, 36) with a connection for power exchange with an electric motor alternate. Circuit board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sections (30) of a row (40, 44, 48) of superimposed sections (30, 38) with a connection to the battery (6) and the sections (32, 34, 36) a row (42, 46, 50) of superimposed sections (32, 34, 36) connected to a connection for exchanging power with an electric motor via at least one, in particular two, circuit breakers (LS1, HS1, LS2, HS2, LS3, HS3) are. Circuit board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each row (40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50) of sections (30, 32, 34, 36, 38) has a driver (TL1, TH1, TL2, TH2, TL3, TH3) is assigned. Inverter with an intermediate circuit capacitor (16) and a circuit board (4), characterized in that the circuit board (4) is designed according to one of the preceding claims. Electric motor arrangement with a battery (6), an inverter (3) and an electric motor (7), the electric motor (7) being connected to the battery (6) via the inverter (3), thereby marked shows that the inverter (3) is following Claim 14 is trained.

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