EP3630898A1 - Electro-active ink formulation for inkjet printing - Google Patents
Electro-active ink formulation for inkjet printingInfo
- Publication number
- EP3630898A1 EP3630898A1 EP18724570.9A EP18724570A EP3630898A1 EP 3630898 A1 EP3630898 A1 EP 3630898A1 EP 18724570 A EP18724570 A EP 18724570A EP 3630898 A1 EP3630898 A1 EP 3630898A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electroactive
- ink
- trfe
- vdf
- formulation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- FPBWSPZHCJXUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1-fluoroethene Chemical group FC(Cl)=C FPBWSPZHCJXUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NDMMKOCNFSTXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)=C(F)F NDMMKOCNFSTXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OQISUJXQFPPARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)=C OQISUJXQFPPARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QMIWYOZFFSLIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)prop-1-ene Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(=C)C(F)(F)F QMIWYOZFFSLIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GVEUEBXMTMZVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohex-1-ene Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=C GVEUEBXMTMZVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VTOPKRLXDFCFGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)Cl VTOPKRLXDFCFGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001746 electroactive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- BEQKKZICTDFVMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,6-pentaoxepane-5,7-dione Chemical compound O=C1OOOOC(=O)O1 BEQKKZICTDFVMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000005526 G1 to G0 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000089 atomic force micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002508 contact lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011903 deuterated solvents Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001938 differential scanning calorimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001566 impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical group II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004846 x-ray emission Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
- C09D11/106—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C09D11/108—Hydrocarbon resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
- C09D11/36—Inkjet printing inks based on non-aqueous solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/16—Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistor, capacitor, inductor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
- H05K2201/10007—Types of components
- H05K2201/10083—Electromechanical or electro-acoustic component, e.g. microphone
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
- H05K2201/10007—Types of components
- H05K2201/10151—Sensor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/01—Tools for processing; Objects used during processing
- H05K2203/0104—Tools for processing; Objects used during processing for patterning or coating
- H05K2203/013—Inkjet printing, e.g. for printing insulating material or resist
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to piezoelectric polymer materials for producing microsystem actuators. More particularly, the invention relates to electroactive ink formulations for inkjet printing, to inkjet printing methods employing these formulations, and to electronic devices manufactured by printing. inkjet.
- Electroactive polymers are among the most promising materials for organic electronics.
- EAPS electroactive polymers
- EAPS electroactive polymers
- VDF vinylidene fluoride
- TrFE trifluoroethylene
- CTFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
- CFE chlorofluoroethylene
- These polymers are shaped as films, from an "ink” formulation consisting of a solution in a solvent, the electroactive fluorinated copolymer and, optionally, other additives.
- the ink may be deposited on a support, a device or part of an electronic (opto) device and then “dried” by evaporation of the solvent. These deposits sometimes need to be made so as to create patterns (“patterns") in which only a portion of the surface of a device is covered by the electroactive fluoropolymer film.
- deposition methods generally spin deposits
- structuring techniques used to create patterns or "patterns” (eg, photolithography of a photo sensitive resin combined with oxygen plasma etching) of these materials
- These approaches require multiple manufacturing steps (deposition process, masking, development and cleaning) consuming time and materials. Therefore, the various printing technologies such as inkjet printing allowing the deposition of materials at desired locations without masking with limited material losses on multiple flexible surfaces are of great interest for manufacturing flexible electrical devices. It is here to meet the needs of printed electronics by providing an electroactive ink for inkjet printing.
- the printing of an electroactive ink makes it possible to structure electroactive polymers as functional layers in multiple flexible electronic devices such as sensors, energy recuperators or memories when they are integrated in transistors which would allow to considerably enlarge the scope of these flexible electronic devices.
- the inkjet is a non-contact printing process in which very small drops (on the order of picolitre) of ink are projected by nozzles. It allows printing on a variety of media (paper, ceramics, glass, textiles, plastics, food, relief media).
- the drop on demand (DOD) process is by far the most developed. This technology has a high reliability and repeatability (+/- 3 ⁇ ). On the other hand, it is limited to inks with low viscosities (between 5 and 20 mPa.s -1 ), which are difficult to obtain for polymeric inks.
- Inks useful for inkjet printing should be low-viscosity liquids, with good "jettability", characterized by obtaining regular and well-defined ink drops in a stable jet stream. . In parallel, they must be concentrated in active principle, namely the material to be deposited (here the electro-active polymer), so as to avoid too many passages necessary to obtain useful thicknesses. The combination of low viscosity, good "jettability" and sufficient amount of active material can hardly be achieved with polymer solutions.
- the invention firstly relates to an electroactive ink jet ink formulation, said formulation comprising at least one electroactive fluorinated polymer dissolved in a solvent mixture consisting of cyclopentanone (CP) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).
- CP cyclopentanone
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- the mass ratio of the two solvents in said mixture varies from 20: 80 to 80: 20 CP: DMSO. According to one embodiment, this ratio varies from 40:60 to 60:40.
- said electroactive fluorinated copolymer is a copolymer of general formula P (VDF-TrFE), in which VDF represents units derived from fluoride. of vinylidene and TrFE represents units derived from trifluoroethylene.
- the mass content of said fluoropolymer in the formulation is less than or equal to 1.5%.
- the invention also consists of an ink jet printing process using this adapted ink and enabling the manufacture of electronic devices such as field effect transistors, ferroelectric memories, in particular in the sector called printed organic electronics. , actuators, haptic devices, sensors, electromechanical microsystems (MEMS).
- electronic devices such as field effect transistors, ferroelectric memories, in particular in the sector called printed organic electronics.
- actuators haptic devices
- sensors electromechanical microsystems (MEMS).
- the invention also relates to electronic devices comprising a stack of thin layers of electroactive fluoropolymer deposited by the aforementioned printing process.
- the present invention makes it possible to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
- the invention provides a stable piezoelectric ink formulation characterized by a low viscosity, a good "jettability" and whose concentration of active ingredient makes it possible to obtain a layer having a thickness of up to 170 nm per passage after drying, thus leading to the limitation of the number of layers necessary for the manufacture of an electronic device.
- This formulation made it possible to produce electroactive layers with dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties comparable to films traditionally made by spin coating.
- FIG. 1 shows the formation of a regular and well defined ink droplet of P (VDF-TrFE) dissolved in a solvent mixture of cyclopentanone (CP) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at a ratio of 50:50 as a function of time after ejection of the print head.
- VDF-TrFE regular and well defined ink droplet of P
- CP cyclopentanone
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- Figure 2 shows in a) the evolution of relative permittivity and dielectric losses (tan ⁇ ) as a function of frequency; (b) the DSC thermogram (differential scanning calorimetry); c) the polarization and the current as a function of the applied electric field; and d) an AFM image (obtained by atomic force microscope) of the printed material.
- Figure 3 is a graph illustrating the viscosity of a piezoelectric ink formulation according to the invention as a function of the shear rate at 20 ° C.
- the invention relates to an electroactive ink formulation for ink jet printing, prepared from an electroactive fluorinated polymer dissolved in a particular solvent mixture and having a low viscosity and good jettability, despite being relatively high concentration of electroactive polymer.
- the optimization of the ink formulation for inkjet printing is based on the use of a particular mixture of cyclopentanone and DMSO solvents in amounts ranging from 20:80 to 80:20 in mass.
- cyclopentanone is an excellent solvent for electroactive polymers, its low density and high volatility generally result in solidification of the polymer around the nozzle hindering printing.
- DMSO a very low volatility solvent, allows a better printing of electroactive fluoropolymer layers or films, despite concentrations of fluorinated copolymer up to 1.5% by weight.
- the invention therefore relates first of all to an electroactive ink jet ink formulation, said formulation comprising at least one electroactive fluorinated polymer dissolved in a solvent mixture consisting of cyclopentanone (CP) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).
- CP cyclopentanone
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- the mass ratio of the two solvents in said mixture varies from 20: 80 to 80: 20 CP: DMSO. According to one embodiment, this ratio varies from 40: 60 to 60:40. According to one embodiment, the weight ratio CP: DMSO is 50:50.
- the viscosity of the developed formulation, behaving as a Newtonian fluid is equal to or less than 20 mPa ⁇ s -1 and preferably between 4 and 8 mPa ⁇ s -1 .
- the viscosity is measured at 20 ° C using a rotational viscometer using the ISO 3219: 1993 standard.
- said electroactive fluoropolymer is a copolymer of general formula P (VDF-TrFE), in which VDF represents units derived from vinylidene fluoride and TrFE represents units derived from trifluoroethylene.
- VDF-TrFE a copolymer of general formula P
- TrFE represents units derived from trifluoroethylene.
- the molar ratio of the VDF units on the TrFE units in the polymer is from 50:50 to 85:15.
- said electroactive fluorinated polymer is a terpolymer of general formula P (VDF-TrFE-X), in which VDF represents units derived from vinylidene fluoride, TrFE represents units derived from trifluoroethylene, and X represents units from a third monomer bearing at least one fluorine atom and / or having a chlorine, bromine or iodine substituent which may be chosen in particular tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), chlorofluoroethylene (CFE), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) , hexafluoropropylene (HFP), 3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (or 1234ze), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (or 1234yf), 3- chloro-2,3,3-trifluoropropene (or 1233yf), 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (or 1233yf), 2-
- said third monomer is selected from CFE and CTFE.
- the molar proportion of X units in the terpolymer is 0.1 to 15%, preferably 0.5 to 13%, and more preferably 1 to 12%.
- the mass content of said fluoropolymer in the ink formulation according to the invention is less than or equal to 1.5%.
- the fluoropolymer concentration is between 0.5 and 1.5, preferably between 0.75 and 1.25% (inclusive).
- the molar composition of the units in the fluorinated polymers can be determined by various means such as infrared spectroscopy or RAMAN spectroscopy.
- Conventional methods for elemental analysis in carbon, fluorine and chlorine or bromine or iodine elements, such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy make it possible to calculate without ambiguity the mass composition of the polymers, from which the molar composition is deduced.
- Multi-core NMR techniques in particular proton (1H) and fluorine (19F), can also be implemented by analyzing a solution of the polymer in a suitable deuterated solvent. The NMR spectrum is recorded on an FT-NMR spectrometer equipped with a multi-nuclear probe.
- the unit resulting from TrFE gives in proton NMR a specific signal characteristic of the CFH group (at about 5 ppm). It is the same for the CH 2 groups of VDF (mass centered at 3 ppm).
- the relative integration of the two signals gives the relative abundance of the two monomers, i.e. the VDF / TrFE molar ratio.
- the group CF 3 for example gives a characteristic and well isolated signal in fluorine NMR.
- the combination of the relative integrations of the different signals obtained by proton NMR and by fluorine NMR leads to a system of equations whose resolution leads to obtaining the molar concentrations of the units resulting from the different monomers.
- the skilled person thus has a range of methods or combination of methods allowing him to determine without ambiguity and with the necessary precision the composition of fluoropolymers.
- the fluoropolymer is preferably random and linear.
- thermoplastic and little or no elastomeric (as opposed to a fluoroelastomer).
- the fluoropolymer may be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
- a homogeneous polymer has a uniform chain structure, the statistical distribution of the units from different monomers does not vary substantially between the chains.
- the chains have a distribution in units resulting from the different monomers of the multimodal or spreading type.
- a heterogeneous polymer therefore comprises richer chains in a given unit and poorer chains in this unit.
- An example of a heterogeneous polymer is disclosed in WO 2007/080338.
- the fluoropolymer according to the invention is an electroactive polymer. It has a Curie temperature of 0 to 150 ° C, preferably 10 to 140 ° C. The Curie temperature can be measured by differential scanning calorimetry or by dielectric spectroscopy.
- the fluoropolymer used in the context of the invention may be produced using any known method, such as emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization and solution polymerization.
- the fluoropolymer comprises units derived from VDF and TrFE as well as fluorinated monomers X as described above, it is preferable to use the method described in WO 2010/116105. This process makes it possible to obtain polymers of high molecular weight and suitable structuring.
- the preferred method comprises the following steps:
- the radical polymerization initiator may in particular be an organic peroxide of the peroxydicarbonate type. It is generally used in an amount of 0.1 to 10 grams per kilogram of the total monomer charge. Preferably, the amount used is 0.5 to 5 g / kg.
- the initial mixture advantageously comprises only VDF and TrFE in a proportion equal to that of the desired final polymer.
- the second mixture preferably has a composition which is adjusted so that the total monomer composition introduced into the autoclave, including the initial mixture and the second mixture, is equal to or approximately equal to the desired final polymer composition.
- the weight ratio of the second mixture to the initial mixture is preferably 0.5 to 2, more preferably 0.8 to 1.6.
- the implementation of this process with an initial mixture and a second mixture makes the process independent of the initiation phase of the reaction, which is often unpredictable.
- the polymers thus obtained are in the form of a powder, without rind or skin.
- the pressure in the autoclave reactor is preferably from 80 to 10 bar, and the temperature is maintained preferably from 40 ° C to 60 ° C.
- the second mixture can be injected continuously into the autoclave. It can be compressed before being injected into the autoclave, for example by using a compressor or two successive compressors, generally at a pressure higher than the pressure in the autoclave. After synthesis, the polymer can be washed and dried.
- the weight average molar mass Mw of the polymer is preferably at most 800,000 g / mol, preferably at most 600,000 g / mol and more preferably at most 500,000 g / mol or at most 200,000 g / mol. g / mol. It can be adjusted by modifying certain process parameters, such as the temperature in the reactor, or by adding a transfer agent.
- the molecular weight distribution can be estimated by SEC (size exclusion chromatography) with dimethylformamide (DMF) as eluent, with a set of 3 columns of increasing porosity.
- the stationary phase is a styrene-DVB gel.
- the detection method is based on a measurement of the refractive index, and calibration is carried out with standards of polystyrene.
- the sample is dissolved in 0.5 g / l in DMF and filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ nylon filter.
- the invention relates to an ink jet printing method on a support, said method comprising the following steps, in order: - to provide an ink formulation comprising an electroactive fluorinated polymer dissolved in a solvent mixture as described above,
- the thickness of the layers measured after the annealing varies from 1.8 ⁇ to 2.2 ⁇ ;
- the roughness of the damaged layers from 3.0 to 5.2 nm
- the piezoelectric coefficient varies from 7.7 to 10.4 ⁇ m.V -1 ;
- the printed layers are thermally annealed by heating at 140 ° C for 60 minutes and cooled at a ramp of 0 C.min -1 at room temperature;
- the print parameters are as follows: voltage 30 to 60 V; pulse from 10 to 25; print frequency 600 to 1000 Hz; droplet spacing from 50 to 100 ⁇ .
- This method makes it possible to manufacture by inkjet printing various electronic devices, such as sensors and actuators.
- the lower electrodes are printed from a silver nanoparticle dispersion solution. These electrodes thus printed serve as a support for the ink formulation according to the invention, which is deposited according to the aforementioned method.
- the upper electrode is printed under the same conditions as the lower electrode.
- the invention also relates to electronic devices manufactured by inkjet printing by means of the ink formulation described above, such as field effect transistors, ferroelectric memories, in particular in the sector called organic electronics. printed, actuators, haptic devices, sensors, electromechanical microsystems (MEMS).
- MEMS electromechanical microsystems
- the electroactive ink jet ink was formulated from 1% by weight of P copolymer (VDF-TrFE) dissolved in a cyclopentanone / DMSO solvent mixture (50/50) with magnetic stirring for 24 hours at room temperature. room. Said formulation was then filtered using 0.45 ⁇ PTFE membranes.
- the piezoelectric formulation thus formulated led to stable droplet printing as shown in the images of Figure 1.
- the formulation according to Example 1 made it possible to print films of P (VDF-TrFE) of the order of 2 ⁇ by carrying out 12 prints with a Jetlab4 ink jet printer from Microfab.
- the print parameters were as follows: 55 V voltage; pulse width of 16 ⁇ , printing frequency 600 Hz with a spacing of 50 ⁇ .
- the printed P (VDF-TrFE) layers demonstrated dielectric and ferroelectric properties comparable to those of spin-coated coatings.
- a dielectric permittivity of 10.5 to 1 kHz and a remanent polarization of 7.8 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ "2 were obtained.
- the roughness of the layers of P (VDF-TrFE) deposited by inkjet printing was measured at 3.9 nm ( Figure 2), which corresponds to a very good flatness.
- the devices were printed using the Jetlab4 ink jet deposit system from Microfab. Initially, the lower electrodes were printed from a solution of dispersion of silver nanoparticles, at a voltage of 50 V, a pulse of 10 ⁇ , a frequency 600 Hz printing and 125 ⁇ m droplet spacing. The bottom electrode thus printed was dried in a convection oven at a temperature of 100 ° C for 60 minutes. Next, the above-mentioned P (VDF-TrFE) ink formulation was printed on these electrodes.
- VDF-TrFE VDF-TrFE
- a voltage of 55 V, a pulse of 16 at a printing frequency of 600 Hz and a droplet spacing of 50 ⁇ were used.
- the printed P (VDF-TrFE) layers were heat-annealed on a hot plate at a temperature of 140 ° C for 60 minutes and cooled slowly to room temperature. Finally, the upper electrode was printed using the same conditions as the lower electrodes.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1754527A FR3066495B1 (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2017-05-22 | FORMULATION OF ELECTROACTIVE INK FOR INKJET PRINTING |
PCT/EP2018/063107 WO2018215341A1 (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2018-05-18 | Electro-active ink formulation for inkjet printing |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3630898A1 true EP3630898A1 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
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ID=59325497
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP18724570.9A Withdrawn EP3630898A1 (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2018-05-18 | Electro-active ink formulation for inkjet printing |
Country Status (3)
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EP (1) | EP3630898A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3066495B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018215341A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3111645B1 (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2024-05-03 | Arkema France | Process for manufacturing a set of fibers comprising a fluoropolymer based on VDF |
WO2021255389A1 (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2021-12-23 | Arkema France | Method for producing an assembly of fibres comprising a fluorinated polymer made from vdf |
FR3125957A1 (en) | 2021-08-04 | 2023-02-10 | Piezomedic | Device and system for locating an implant or an organ in a human or animal body, by emission-reception of ultrasound signals via piezoelectric and/or capacitive transducers |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2896250B1 (en) | 2006-01-13 | 2012-08-17 | Arkema | EXTRUSION AGENT BASED ON PVDF |
FR2944285B1 (en) | 2009-04-09 | 2011-11-25 | Francois Bauer | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING TERPOLYMERS BASED ON VDF, TRFE AND CFE OR CTFE |
FR2958190B1 (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2012-05-18 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | PROCESS FOR FORMING VINYLIDENE POLYFLUORIDE-TYPE FLUORINE POLYMER FILM USED AS LITHIUM BATTERY SEPARATOR |
FR2975995B1 (en) * | 2011-06-06 | 2015-03-20 | Arkema France | SOLVENTS OF FLUORINATED POLYMERS |
FR3043836B1 (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2019-08-02 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
-
2017
- 2017-05-22 FR FR1754527A patent/FR3066495B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-05-18 WO PCT/EP2018/063107 patent/WO2018215341A1/en active Application Filing
- 2018-05-18 EP EP18724570.9A patent/EP3630898A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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FR3066495A1 (en) | 2018-11-23 |
WO2018215341A1 (en) | 2018-11-29 |
FR3066495B1 (en) | 2020-12-11 |
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