EP3627047A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur flammenverbrennung von kraftstoff - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und verfahren zur flammenverbrennung von kraftstoff Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3627047A1
EP3627047A1 EP19802532.2A EP19802532A EP3627047A1 EP 3627047 A1 EP3627047 A1 EP 3627047A1 EP 19802532 A EP19802532 A EP 19802532A EP 3627047 A1 EP3627047 A1 EP 3627047A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
ignition
chamber
air
flaring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19802532.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3627047B1 (de
EP3627047A4 (de
Inventor
designation of the inventor has not yet been filed The
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennostyu "cotes Engineering"
Original Assignee
Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennostyu "cotes Engineering"
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from RU2018118014A external-priority patent/RU2685462C1/ru
Priority claimed from RU2019104859A external-priority patent/RU2704178C1/ru
Application filed by Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennostyu "cotes Engineering" filed Critical Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennostyu "cotes Engineering"
Priority to RS20230966A priority Critical patent/RS64712B1/sr
Publication of EP3627047A1 publication Critical patent/EP3627047A1/de
Publication of EP3627047A4 publication Critical patent/EP3627047A4/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3627047B1 publication Critical patent/EP3627047B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F23C99/001—Applying electric means or magnetism to combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q5/00—Make-and-break ignition, i.e. with spark generated between electrodes by breaking contact therebetween
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2700/00—Special arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluent fuel
    • F23C2700/06—Combustion apparatus using pulverized fuel
    • F23C2700/063—Arrangements for igniting, flame-guiding, air supply in
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/99005—Combustion techniques using plasma gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of energetics and can be used in thermal power plants, boiler houses, etc. to optimize and control the combustion process and ensure the ignition of boilers and stabilize the burning of fuel, for example, coal dust, in the process of flaring thereof without the use of additional highly reactive fuel.
  • fuel for example, coal dust
  • the known method of fuel ignition and flaring is difficult to use in combustion of low reactive fuels, for example, coal dust, due to the complexity of ensuring the process of ignition and maintaining the burning of the torch.
  • this is due to the relatively high consumption of electric energy, which comprises 2-3% of the thermal power of the torch being ignited.
  • the resource of continuous operation of devices, in which these methods are implemented amounts tens of hours, which makes it difficult to use them in continuous operation to control the burning mode of the fuel in the process of flaring thereof.
  • a method of pulverized coal combustion is known, considered as the closest prior art, wherein said method is described in patent No. RU2498159 (F23Q 5/00; published on 10.11.2013), which consists of creating an electric arc discharge in an ignition zone, feeding an air-fuel mixture to the ignition zone, igniting the air-fuel mixture in the ignition zone, creating a diffuse electric discharge, and applying the diffuse electric discharge to a border zone of the flame formation of the burning fuel torch, and carrying out the fuel flaring.
  • a technical solution disclosed in the patent of invention No. RU2377467C2 (IPC F23D 1/00; published on 27.12.2009) is known, which is a device for fuel flaring.
  • Said device comprises an ignition chamber, the inner surface of which has a cylindrical shape, a supply port for feeding an air-fuel mixture to said chamber, and a plasmatron equipped with rod electrodes.
  • the plasmatron is mounted on the side surface of the ignition chamber, at entry section of the chamber.
  • the device also comprises a nozzle of the ignition chamber with plasmatron mounted therein, and a secondary air port.
  • this device provides no separation between the ignition chamber and the cooling chamber, therefore secondary air is supplied directly to the ignition chamber. This increases the risk of rapid separation of the torch and extinction thereof in the process of the operation of said device, which is a significant disadvantage of the known device.
  • Said device is characterized in that the plasmatron-igniter with the rod electrodes is mounted in the air-fuel mixture supply port, the electrodes are made of graphite and placed along the entire length of the air-fuel mixture supply port, and the plasmatron-igniter is equipped with double-flow nozzles and mounted with the possibility of longitudinal movement between the rod electrodes, wherein the plasmatron nozzles are oriented toward the ends of the electrodes.
  • this device is characterized by low reliability of the ignition of pulverized coal fuel, and also a large specific electric power of the burner and large size thereof. This, in turn, leads to high specific energy consumption in the process of operation of the known device, which is a significant disadvantage thereof.
  • due to the rapid wear of the rod electrodes it becomes necessary to replace them, which complicates the known device for fuel flaring maintenance operations.
  • the well-known technical solution disclosed in the patent of invention No. RU2410603C1 IPC F23Q 5/00, F23Q 13/00; published on 27.01.2011
  • This device comprises a housing, rod electrodes connected to a source of high-frequency alternating current for generating an electric arc, an air-fuel mixture supply port and a secondary air port, wherein, according to the invention, the housing is divided into an ignition chamber and a cooling chamber, wherein a secondary air passage with rod electrodes mounted therein is made within the cooling chamber. Said features are common with the proposed technical solution.
  • a disadvantage of this device is the limited thermal power of the initiated torch and the impossibility of organizing the optimal process of combustion of the entire amount of fuel, since the design of the known device is focused only on the generation of the initiating torch. Supplying the secondary air to the ignition chamber also limits the amount of flammable pulverized coal due to the need to increase air volumes and, as a consequence, the values of the flow rate of the air-fuel mixture are unacceptable, in terms of torch separation.
  • the low reliability of ignition of low reactive fuel lean, ballasted, and waterlogged fuels, for example, coal-water fuel
  • the aim of the claimed invention is to provide a device and method that would be able to ensure stable ignition and efficient combustion of the entire amount of pulverized coal fuel fed to the burners of the boiler, with reduced requirements for combustible fuel (ballasted, lean, and waterlogged coals), and temperature of the fuel and air fed to the burner, which ensures that the boiler starts up from a cold state with cold components and with minimal electrical energy consumption without the use of highly reactive fuel. That ensures the reliability of the boilers operation and the safety of the processes of kindling and fuel combustion.
  • the technical result of the claimed invention is the possibility of flaring of the fuel, including the low reactive one, and increasing the efficiency of combustion thereof.
  • the efficiency of fuel combustion is understood as the generation of thermal energy with minimal losses thereof (minimal excessive air, i.e., close to the stoichiometric value, and also minimal chemical and mechanical underburning of the fuel).
  • the reason for the impossibility of achieving the above technical result with known technical solutions is that in the process of low reactive fuel flaring, for example, coal dust, when changing technical composition thereof (humidity, ash, etc.), the intensity of chemoionization processes can decrease with resulting decrease in the electrostatic potential of the pre-flame zone of the torch, which leads to unstable burning of the fuel and to the torch extinction.
  • the device for fuel flaring comprises an ignition chamber, an alternating current source, at least two rod electrodes connected to the alternating current source, an air-fuel mixture supply port, a secondary air port and a cooling chamber, wherein passages for the rod electrodes mounting are made between the ignition chamber and cooling chamber.
  • the inventive device for fuel flaring is characterized in that a constant voltage source is connected to at least one of the rod electrodes, relative to the shell of the ignition chamber, and a torch formation chamber with the secondary air port connected thereto is mounted at the outlet of the ignition chamber.
  • a constant voltage source is connected to at least one of the rod electrodes, relative to the shell of the ignition chamber, and a torch formation chamber with the secondary air port connected thereto is mounted at the outlet of the ignition chamber.
  • a highly ionized pre-flame zone of the torch is formed, which is the main condition for ensuring heterogeneous chemical reactions of oxidation of the air-fuel mixture to occur, which makes it possible to efficiently combust low reactive fuel, i.e., the oxidation reaction of which has high chemical reaction rates.
  • the presence of at least one rod electrode with the constant voltage source connected thereto, relative to the shell of the ignition chamber, allows to maintain a highly ionized state of the pre-flame zone of the torch and ensure that the necessary condition is fulfilled for the complete burning out of the fuel mixture in the process of flaring thereof.
  • the presence of the secondary air port connected to the torch formation chamber ensures the formation and burning of the torch in the furnace by feeding secondary air to the torch formation chamber through the secondary air port.
  • opening the possibility for fuel flaring is achieved, and also increasing the efficiency of the combustion of the low reactive fuel.
  • the rod electrodes are mounted on heat-conductive and electrically conductive racks, the other end of which is fixed on support plates placed within the cooling chamber, in isolation from the electrically conductive surfaces of the device. This allows, on the one hand, to reliably fix the rod electrodes, and on the other hand, to remove excessive heat from the rod electrodes and base plates. This leads to an increase in the lifetime of the rod electrodes, increasing the reliability of the operation of the device for efficient combustion of the low reactive fuel.
  • the cooling chamber is provided with a sealing air supply port, wherein the secondary air is supplied to the torch formation chamber.
  • This allows to remove heat from the rod electrodes by supplying sealing air to the cooling chamber, which leads to efficient heat removal from the electrodes in the device, which increases the reliability of the operation of the device for the efficient combustion of the low reactive fuel.
  • supplying the secondary air to the torch formation chamber ensures optimal torch formation and, as a result, the efficiency of the combustion of the low reactive fuel using the inventive device for fuel flaring.
  • the technical result is achieved using a method of pulverized coal combustion, which consists of creating an electric arc discharge in an ignition zone, feeding an air-fuel mixture to the ignition zone, igniting the air-fuel mixture in the ignition zone, creating a diffuse electric discharge, applying the diffuse electric discharge to a border zone of flame formation, and carrying out fuel flaring, while setting the magnitude of the electrostatic potential of the border zone of flame formation at a predetermined level, which ensures the required parameters of fuel burning in the process of flaring thereof.
  • the present invention is directed to the developing of a device and method that would be able to ensure stable ignition and efficient combustion of the entire amount of pulverized coal fed to the burners of the boiler, with reduced requirements for combustible fuel (ballasted, lean, and waterlogged coals) and for temperature of the fuel and air fed to the burner, which ensures that the boiler starts up from a cold state with cold components and with minimal electrical energy consumption without the use of highly reactive fuel.
  • Fuel mixture is a mixture of air or an oxidizing gas, for example, oxygen, and fuel.
  • the fuel used can be in any aggregate state (solid, liquid or gaseous), however, the necessary condition is the size of the particles or drops of fuel, if solid or liquid fuel is used as a component of the fuel mixture, respectively.
  • the particle size for solid fuel should not exceed 60 microns.
  • the droplet size for liquid fuel should not exceed 10 microns.
  • solid fuels that can be used as a component of air-fuel mixture are coal, peat, wood processing wastes, etc.
  • liquid fuel that can be used as a component of air-fuel mixtures are petroleum products, water-coal fuel, etc.
  • an alternating current source 4 an alternating current source of any known design can be used, for example, a commercially available converter of a power source of a plasma generator P 943- 5- 0,4 YX 3.1B.
  • a constant voltage source 5 a constant voltage source of any known design can be used, for example, a commercially available high voltage source, made according to the voltage multiplication scheme, BHP-5/50.
  • An ionization unit 2 comprises an ignition chamber 6, a cooling chamber 7, rod electrodes 8 mounted on electrically conductive and heat-conductive racks 9, supporting insulators 10 mounted outside the ignition chamber 6, which serve as a support for the plate 11 that connected to insulators 10 and rack 9 by fasteners 12.
  • the cooling chamber 7, which is hermetically sealed passages are made for an electric cable 13, passage 14 for cooling air entering and passage 15 for racks 9.
  • the air-fuel mixture supply port 1 may be made of any known engineering material, for example, steel.
  • the ionization unit 2 can be made of any known electrically conductive engineering material, for example, steel.
  • the rod electrodes 8, racks 9, and the support plate 11, in turn, can be made of any known electrically conductive and heat-conductive material, for example, copper or bronze.
  • the torch formation chamber 3 can be made of any known heat-resistant material. As an example, the torch formation chamber 3 can be made of heat-resistant alloy steel, for example, steel grade X20H35.
  • the torch formation chamber 3 may have an internal high-temperature thermal insulation coating made using any known flame-resistant material, for example, material based on fireclay powder, fire clay, etc., which is resistant to temperature in the temperature range with the upper limit reaching 1500 °C - 1700 °C.
  • any known flame-resistant material for example, material based on fireclay powder, fire clay, etc., which is resistant to temperature in the temperature range with the upper limit reaching 1500 °C - 1700 °C.
  • the operation of the device and the implementation of the method of plasma fuel flaring are as follows: an electric arc discharge is created in the ignition zone, the air-fuel mixture is fed to the ignition zone, the air-fuel mixture in the ignition zone is ignited, a diffuse electric discharge is created, the diffuse electric discharge is applied to the border zone of flame formation, and fuel flaring is carrying out, while maintaining the electrostatic potential of the border zone of flame formation at a given level.
  • the prepared air-fuel mixture is fed through the air-fuel mixture supply port 1 to the ignition chamber 6.
  • alternating current voltage is supplied to the rod electrodes 8 in the frequency range 1-30 kHz, the breakdown of the interelectrode space occurs, as a result of which the electrical circuit is closed.
  • a diffuse electric discharge is excited, which produces ionization and ignition of the air-fuel mixture.
  • chemoionization processes due to chemoionization processes, a highly ionized pre-flame zone of the torch is formed, which is the main condition for ensuring heterogeneous chemical reactions of oxidation of the entire amount of the air-fuel mixture to occur.
  • the diffusion discharge acquires an equal electrostatic potential, which provides the required electrostatic potential in the pre-flame zone.
  • a change in this potential a change in the intensity of the ionic wind taking the combustion products of the torch into the ignition zone and supporting the processes of fuel ignition occurs, along with chemical processes in the highly ionized regions of the diffuse discharge and the pre-flame zone of the torch.
  • the potential of the pre-flame zone of ignition decreases, upon that the concentration of charges in the pre-flame zone of the torch, the amount of ionic wind and, as a result, the intensity of the torch burning decrease up to the extinction of the torch.
  • Ensuring the occurrence of heterogeneous chemical processes is the main condition for the combustion of low reactive fuels, including coal-water fuel.
  • at least one rod electrode 8 is supplied with an electrostatic potential from the constant voltage source 5, relative to the electrically conductive surface of the ignition chamber 6.
  • the ignition chamber 6 can be made as part of the air-fuel mixture supply port 1.
  • the ignited air-fuel mixture enters the torch formation chamber 3, where the main chemical processes take place.
  • the formed torch containing highly activated components of the fuel and oxidizer enters the furnace of the boiler, in which the complete combustion of the fuel is carried out.
  • the range of variation of the electric potential is from 0.1 to 5 kV.
  • the secondary air is supplied through the secondary air port to the torch formation chamber 3.
  • Excessive air in the torch formation chamber 3 is set taking into account the arrangement of the fuel burning in the furnace.
  • the heat generated on the rod electrodes 8 is removed through the electrically conductive racks 9 to the support plate 11, which is cooled by the sealing air entering under the shell of the ionization unit 2. After that, the heat is discharged into the torch ignition chamber 3 through the passages 15 for the electrically conductive racks 9 made in the torch ignition chamber 3. Part of the thermal energy from the rod electrodes 8 and racks 9 is removed by the flow of the air-fuel mixture, which ensures the durability of the operation of the rod electrodes 8.
  • the fuel mixture is obtained with a temperature above 700 °C. and a combustible content of up to 50% in the gas phase.
  • a mixture burns steadily, which makes it possible to increase the reliability of the torch burning even in the cold furnace, which makes it possible to use this device for ignition of boilers without the use of highly reactive fuel, providing a high degree of fuel burn-off.
  • the frequency of operation of the alternating current source 4 is selected from the conditions needed for ensuring a stable diffuse discharge and technical limitations associated with the technical implementation, and is in the range of 3-50 kHz.
  • the amplitude current should be in the range of 0.1-2 A, which ensures the durability of the operation of the rod electrodes 8 without replacing them.
  • the claimed invention is technologically advanced and easy to use and manufacture.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
EP19802532.2A 2018-05-15 2019-05-15 Vorrichtung und verfahren zur flammenverbrennung von kraftstoff Active EP3627047B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RS20230966A RS64712B1 (sr) 2018-05-15 2019-05-15 Uređaj i postupak za plameno sagorevanje goriva

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2018118014A RU2685462C1 (ru) 2018-05-15 2018-05-15 Способ факельного сжигания топлива
RU2019104859A RU2704178C1 (ru) 2019-02-21 2019-02-21 Устройство факельного сжигания топлива
PCT/RU2019/050061 WO2019221640A1 (ru) 2018-05-15 2019-05-15 Устройство и способ факельного сжигания топлива

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3627047A1 true EP3627047A1 (de) 2020-03-25
EP3627047A4 EP3627047A4 (de) 2021-06-02
EP3627047B1 EP3627047B1 (de) 2023-08-02

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EP19802532.2A Active EP3627047B1 (de) 2018-05-15 2019-05-15 Vorrichtung und verfahren zur flammenverbrennung von kraftstoff

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EP (1) EP3627047B1 (de)
RS (1) RS64712B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2019221640A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2096945A (en) * 1932-02-15 1937-10-26 Powderco Inc Burner
RU2028548C1 (ru) * 1989-04-11 1995-02-09 Государственный научно-исследовательский и проектный институт азотной промышленности и продуктов органического синтеза Горелочное устройство
RU2059926C1 (ru) 1992-06-05 1996-05-10 Восточно-Сибирский технологический институт Способ сжигания низкосортных углей и плазменная пылеугольная горелка для его осуществления
US20050019714A1 (en) * 2003-07-24 2005-01-27 David Platts Plasma catalytic fuel injector for enhanced combustion
RU65177U1 (ru) * 2007-01-24 2007-07-27 Виктор Иванович Мазурин Горелка
RU2377467C2 (ru) 2007-12-26 2009-12-27 Институт теплофизики им. С.С. Кутателадзе Сибирского отделения Российской Академии наук Способ снижения выбросов оксидов азота на основе плазменной стабилизации горения пылеугольного потока и устройство для его реализации
RU2410603C1 (ru) 2009-11-17 2011-01-27 Закрытое акционерное общество "КОТЭС-Наука" Устройство плазменного воспламенения пылеугольного топлива
RU2514534C2 (ru) 2012-05-15 2014-04-27 Закрытое акционерное общество "СибЭнергоГруп" Способ электродугового розжига паромазутной форсунки и устройство для его осуществления
RU2498159C1 (ru) * 2012-05-17 2013-11-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Сибтехэнерго" - инженерная фирма по наладке, совершенствованию технологий и эксплуатации электро-энергооборудования предприятий и систем Способ сжигания пылеугольного топлива

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3627047B1 (de) 2023-08-02
WO2019221640A1 (ru) 2019-11-21
RS64712B1 (sr) 2023-11-30
EP3627047A4 (de) 2021-06-02

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