EP3625510B1 - Double wall printed circuit heat exchanger - Google Patents

Double wall printed circuit heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3625510B1
EP3625510B1 EP18732650.9A EP18732650A EP3625510B1 EP 3625510 B1 EP3625510 B1 EP 3625510B1 EP 18732650 A EP18732650 A EP 18732650A EP 3625510 B1 EP3625510 B1 EP 3625510B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
heat exchanger
channels
plates
leakage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18732650.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3625510A1 (en
Inventor
Christopher UNDERWOOD
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Af Pipe Solutions Ivs
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Af Pipe Solutions Ivs
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3625510A1 publication Critical patent/EP3625510A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0093—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D9/0037—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the conduits for the other heat-exchange medium also being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/003—Multiple wall conduits, e.g. for leak detection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/16—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for preventing leakage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a double wall diffusion bonded heat exchanger with micro-channels, commonly known as a printed circuit heat exchanger.
  • Printed circuit heat exchangers offer significant space savings when compared to industry standard shell & tube heat exchangers, which have been in use for some time. They also offer the capability to operate at high pressures and low temperatures, which is ideal for the application of liquefied fuels such as LNG, LEG, LPG, LH 2 .
  • LNG, LEG, LPG, LH 2 liquefied fuels
  • LH 2 liquefied fuels
  • one of the disadvantages of using these fuel types is that they are highly explosive, and even small leakages can lead to explosions as they vaporize in air and form highly combustible mixtures.
  • Double wall piping systems typically have an inner pipe, and a secondary barrier in the form of an outer pipe, with an annular space in between which can be used to monitor any leakages of the inner pipe.
  • the present invention discloses a means of creating a secondary barrier for a printed circuit heat exchanger by the use of a pair of intermediate third plates placed below and above the first fluid plate, thereby completely isolating the first fluid from the second fluid in case of any failure of the first fluid plate.
  • EP2923061 (A1 ) discloses the use of 3D channels in order to bypass any blockages in the fluid channels due to freezing. These channels are limited by their design, and purpose, and could not be used for leakage detection
  • Document US 9163882 discloses a heat exchanger block, comprising: first plates comprising one first channel configured to guide a first fluid; second plates comprising one second channel configured to guide a second fluid; and intermediate plates disposed between the first and second plates comprising micro-channels; wherein each of the first, second and intermediate plates are provided with a plurality of communication holes, wherein the leakage channels allow for fluid communication through the heat exchanger block; and wherein the micro-channels are arranged to receive the leaking fluid from the first or second channels and permit flow of the leaking fluid to the leakage channels.
  • a heat exchanger block according to the invention is defined in claim 1.
  • the present invention is based on the conventional layout of a printed circuit heat exchanger whereby there are two fluid mediums, a first fluid, and a second fluid, for which there are micro channels etched into the heat exchanger plates, thus forming first and second plates.
  • the first and second plates are then placed alternately on top of each other, until the required number of plates is reached to form a heat exchanger element, at which point the plates are bonded together using the process of diffusion bonding to form the heat exchanger element assembly.
  • the present invention discloses the use of a third fluid, which may be an inert gas or a fluid such as water, or any other fluid preferably with good heat conduction properties, and the design of an intermediate third plate, whereby a third plate is placed in between all the first and second plates so there is no possibility of direct contact between the first and second fluid, in case of a failure due to crack propagation or material bonding failure in the first or second plates.
  • the first, second, & third plates are designed with communicating holes that allow for fluid passage through the entire height of the heat exchanger block. Thereby when the first second and third plates are mounted on top of one another the communicating holes mate to form leakage channels that allow for fluid communication through the entire height of the heat exchanger block.
  • the first fluid will flow into the third plate, through the micro-channels in the third plate, and finally pass through the leakage channels in the first, second and third plates.
  • the leakage channels holes then lead to a common exit point on the heat exchanger block, whereupon exiting the heat exchanger block, the leakage, transported in the third fluid, can be detected by sensors that can either detect the leaking fluid itself, or measure the consequence of the leakage such as a rise in pressure, or drop in temperature.
  • the standard layout of the printed circuit heat exchanger can be observed, with first (1) and second (2) micro-channels in the x and y axis on each plate respectively.
  • the plates are then diffusion bonded together in order to form the entire heat exchanger body, and inlet and outlet manifold ducts are installed on the x and y axis.
  • Figure 2 shows the communicating holes (6) made in the first (3), second (4), and third(5) plates, that form the leakage channels which allow for fluid communication throughout the z axis direction.
  • the design proposed in figure 2 is a simple design that could be applied in order to perform this purpose, however other iterations of this design are possible.
  • Figure 3 shows the completed assembly of the heat exchanger block, whereby the first (3), second (4), and third (5) plates are placed together to form the heat exchanger block and thereby complete the leakage channels that allow fluid communication in the z axis direction, through the first, second , and third plates, whereby a third plate is placed on either side of a first or second plate, and the entire assembly of these plates is then diffusion bonded in order to form the heat exchanger body.
  • a manifold duct is then connected and sealed to the top (7) and bottom (8) of the heat exchanger block in order to safely detect and dispose of the leaking fluids.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)

Description

    Background:
  • The present invention relates to a double wall diffusion bonded heat exchanger with micro-channels, commonly known as a printed circuit heat exchanger. Printed circuit heat exchangers offer significant space savings when compared to industry standard shell & tube heat exchangers, which have been in use for some time. They also offer the capability to operate at high pressures and low temperatures, which is ideal for the application of liquefied fuels such as LNG, LEG, LPG, LH2. However one of the disadvantages of using these fuel types, is that they are highly explosive, and even small leakages can lead to explosions as they vaporize in air and form highly combustible mixtures. Therefore it is common to apply a secondary barrier as means of containment of the fuel in case of any leakages, and means of detection the leakage within the second barrier. Double wall piping systems typically have an inner pipe, and a secondary barrier in the form of an outer pipe, with an annular space in between which can be used to monitor any leakages of the inner pipe.
  • Therefore the process industry has developed secondary barriers for heat exchangers, initially for the use of shell and tube type heat exchangers as disclosed in patents US4343350A , EP0013796A1 , US4237968A . These patents disclose an inner tube, with an outer tube acting as the secondary barrier, and the annular space, as the means of transferring the leakage to the detection point.
  • Secondary barriers have also been developed for plate type heat exchangers, as disclosed in US20100300651 A1 , US 6662862 B1 , whereby double wall plates are applied to contain leakage in the first or second fluids.
  • The present invention discloses a means of creating a secondary barrier for a printed circuit heat exchanger by the use of a pair of intermediate third plates placed below and above the first fluid plate, thereby completely isolating the first fluid from the second fluid in case of any failure of the first fluid plate.
  • EP2923061 (A1 ) discloses the use of 3D channels in order to bypass any blockages in the fluid channels due to freezing. These channels are limited by their design, and purpose, and could not be used for leakage detection
  • Document US 9163882 discloses a heat exchanger block, comprising: first plates comprising one first channel configured to guide a first fluid; second plates comprising one second channel configured to guide a second fluid; and intermediate plates disposed between the first and second plates comprising micro-channels; wherein each of the first, second and intermediate plates are provided with a plurality of communication holes, wherein the leakage channels allow for fluid communication through the heat exchanger block; and wherein the micro-channels are arranged to receive the leaking fluid from the first or second channels and permit flow of the leaking fluid to the leakage channels.
    • Description
  • A heat exchanger block according to the invention is defined in claim 1.
  • The present invention is based on the conventional layout of a printed circuit heat exchanger whereby there are two fluid mediums, a first fluid, and a second fluid, for which there are micro channels etched into the heat exchanger plates, thus forming first and second plates. The first and second plates are then placed alternately on top of each other, until the required number of plates is reached to form a heat exchanger element, at which point the plates are bonded together using the process of diffusion bonding to form the heat exchanger element assembly. The present invention discloses the use of a third fluid, which may be an inert gas or a fluid such as water, or any other fluid preferably with good heat conduction properties, and the design of an intermediate third plate, whereby a third plate is placed in between all the first and second plates so there is no possibility of direct contact between the first and second fluid, in case of a failure due to crack propagation or material bonding failure in the first or second plates. The first, second, & third plates are designed with communicating holes that allow for fluid passage through the entire height of the heat exchanger block. Thereby when the first second and third plates are mounted on top of one another the communicating holes mate to form leakage channels that allow for fluid communication through the entire height of the heat exchanger block.
  • In case of such failure in the first plate, then the first fluid will flow into the third plate, through the micro-channels in the third plate, and finally pass through the leakage channels in the first, second and third plates. The leakage channels holes then lead to a common exit point on the heat exchanger block, whereupon exiting the heat exchanger block, the leakage, transported in the third fluid, can be detected by sensors that can either detect the leaking fluid itself, or measure the consequence of the leakage such as a rise in pressure, or drop in temperature.
  • An embodiment of the present invention is disclosed in the figures below.
    • Figure 1: An existing printed circuit heat exchanger layout with the first fluid and second fluid micro-channels for heat exchange
    • Figure 2: Design of leakage channels to allow for the third fluid flow through the heat exchanger body
    • Figure 3: The implementation of the third plates in between the first and second plates
  • With reference to figure 1 the standard layout of the printed circuit heat exchanger can be observed, with first (1) and second (2) micro-channels in the x and y axis on each plate respectively. The plates are then diffusion bonded together in order to form the entire heat exchanger body, and inlet and outlet manifold ducts are installed on the x and y axis.
  • Figure 2 shows the communicating holes (6) made in the first (3), second (4), and third(5) plates, that form the leakage channels which allow for fluid communication throughout the z axis direction. The design proposed in figure 2 is a simple design that could be applied in order to perform this purpose, however other iterations of this design are possible.
  • Figure 3 shows the completed assembly of the heat exchanger block, whereby the first (3), second (4), and third (5) plates are placed together to form the heat exchanger block and thereby complete the leakage channels that allow fluid communication in the z axis direction, through the first, second , and third plates, whereby a third plate is placed on either side of a first or second plate, and the entire assembly of these plates is then diffusion bonded in order to form the heat exchanger body. A manifold duct is then connected and sealed to the top (7) and bottom (8) of the heat exchanger block in order to safely detect and dispose of the leaking fluids.

Claims (7)

  1. A heat exchanger block, comprising:
    one or more first plates comprising at least one first channel configured to guide a first fluid;
    one or more second plates comprising at least one second channel configured to guide a second fluid; and
    one or more intermediate plates disposed between the first and second plates, the one or more intermediate plates comprising micro-channels;
    wherein the first, second and intermediate plates are bonded together via diffusion bonding;
    wherein each of the first, second and intermediate plates are provided with a plurality of communication holes, wherein the communication holes provided in the first, second and intermediate plates are mated to form leakage channels arranged to receive fluid leaking from one or more of said first or second channels, wherein the leakage channels allow for fluid communication through an entire height of the heat exchanger block; and
    wherein the micro-channels of the one or more intermediate plates are arranged to receive the leaking fluid from one or more of said first or second channels and permit flow of the leaking fluid to the leakage channels.
  2. The heat exchanger block of claim 1, wherein:
    the leakage channels are configured to guide a third fluid, wherein the third fluid is any composition of the first fluid, the second fluid, or a fluid different to both the first and second fluid.
  3. The heat exchanger block of claim 1 or 2, wherein:
    the first and second plates are arranged in an alternating stacked arrangement.
  4. The heat exchanger block of any of claims 1-3, wherein:
    the leakage channels of the first, second and intermediate plates are in fluid communication with one another.
  5. The heat exchanger block of any of claims 1-4, further comprising:
    a first manifold duct; and
    a second manifold duct,
    wherein the first and second manifold ducts are sealed to the heat exchanging element.
  6. The heat exchanger block of any of claims 1-5, wherein:
    a sensor configured to detect the leakage of the first or second fluid into a leakage channel.
  7. The heat exchanger block of claim 6, wherein:
    the sensor is configured to detect changes in pressure and/or temperature.
EP18732650.9A 2017-05-18 2018-05-16 Double wall printed circuit heat exchanger Active EP3625510B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA201700309 2017-05-18
PCT/DK2018/050109 WO2018210392A1 (en) 2017-05-18 2018-05-16 Double wall printed circuit heat exchanger

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3625510A1 EP3625510A1 (en) 2020-03-25
EP3625510B1 true EP3625510B1 (en) 2021-07-28

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EP18732650.9A Active EP3625510B1 (en) 2017-05-18 2018-05-16 Double wall printed circuit heat exchanger

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EP (1) EP3625510B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2886916T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2018210392A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3745072A1 (en) * 2019-05-29 2020-12-02 Nissens Cooling Solutions A/S A dual media safety heat exchanger
CN112097552A (en) * 2020-08-18 2020-12-18 中国原子能科学研究院 Combined compact heat exchanger core
CN117968416A (en) * 2024-04-01 2024-05-03 中国核动力研究设计院 Three-way flow micro-channel compact heat exchanger and application method thereof

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5462113A (en) * 1994-06-20 1995-10-31 Flatplate, Inc. Three-circuit stacked plate heat exchanger
SE504799C2 (en) * 1995-08-23 1997-04-28 Swep International Ab Triple circuit heat exchanger
US9163882B2 (en) * 2011-04-25 2015-10-20 Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. Plate heat exchanger with channels for ‘leaking fluid’

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2018210392A1 (en) 2018-11-22
ES2886916T3 (en) 2021-12-21
EP3625510A1 (en) 2020-03-25

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