EP3623528A1 - Method for manufacturing a sheet material, corresponding machine, sheet material and safety document - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing a sheet material, corresponding machine, sheet material and safety document Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3623528A1 EP3623528A1 EP19196611.8A EP19196611A EP3623528A1 EP 3623528 A1 EP3623528 A1 EP 3623528A1 EP 19196611 A EP19196611 A EP 19196611A EP 3623528 A1 EP3623528 A1 EP 3623528A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- fibers
- strip
- longitudinal
- paper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 5
- YFXPPSKYMBTNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bensultap Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)SCC(N(C)C)CSS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YFXPPSKYMBTNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002683 foot Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/405—Marking
- B42D25/43—Marking by removal of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
- B42D25/455—Associating two or more layers using heat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
- B42D25/46—Associating two or more layers using pressure
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/44—Watermarking devices
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/30—Multi-ply
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing a material consisting of fibers and shaped into a strip.
- the support usually used is paper. It has many advantages, in particular that of being able to integrate a certain number of security elements such as, for example, a watermark or a security thread.
- Another advantage is, among other things, being able to be easily printed in intaglio, that is to say with reliefs detectable easily by touch. These elements are easily recognized by the general public and provide a strong means of authentication.
- This lamination process differs from the widely used hot transfer process.
- the film carrying the security elements is directly deposited on the support, as opposed to the hot transfer method according to which the carrier film is rewound after the thin film containing the security elements has been transferred to the medium.
- the film has mechanical properties, water absorption and contraction / expansion different from that of the paper support, so that the film, especially when deposited in strip over the entire height of a ticket , tends to cause a "curl” effect of the paper cut into sheets (which means that the paper tends to curl locally).
- a "curl” effect of the paper cut into sheets which means that the paper tends to curl locally.
- WO 2007/042718 describes a process for manufacturing a sheet material comprising at least one window.
- This window extends transversely to the direction of movement of the sheet material on the manufacturing machine ("running direction").
- running direction the direction of movement of the sheet material on the manufacturing machine
- the window is formed through the assembly of the two layers by spraying a pressurized fluid.
- This fluid extends in the form of a brush whose width corresponds to the longitudinal extent of the window to be formed.
- the fluid pressure is between 50 and 4000 bar, for example between 1000 and 2000 bar. We easily understands that this range of value is high and requires a significant amount of energy.
- DE 3431577 relates to the formation of watermarks in the thickness of a paper during manufacture, which makes use of a partial removal of material using jets of water, air or by laser radiation.
- US 2001/0004007 is interested in cutting the irregular edges of a sheet material during manufacture.
- the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing a material made of fibers and shaped in strip, by wet papermaking, this material being multilayer and comprising a first layer of fibers and at least a second layer of fibers joined together, process during which each layer of fibers is formed individually by draining on a forming fabric in a forming section, then conveyed in a strip to an assembly section in which said layers are assembled to form the multilayer material, and then to a dehydration (more commonly called pressing) and drying section, characterized by the fact that at least one longitudinal ribbon of fibrous material is removed in only one, using a pressurized fluid, between said forming and joining sections of said layers so as to form therein a continuous longitudinal window, which use is made, for each longitudinal strip, of two jets of pressurized fluid, which are positioned so as to delimit the opposite edges of said longitudinal window, and that l 'said jets are oriented convergently, namely that they are oriented towards the center of
- the opposite edges of said longitudinal window are the edges oriented in the "running direction", that is to say parallel to the direction of movement of the material from the forming section to the dehydration and drying section.
- the strip undergoes other processing steps (sizing or “sizing” in English, additional drying, calendering, etc.) before to be wound on itself in a reel.
- the present invention provides a paper making machine, sheet material and a security and / or valuable document.
- This paper making machine which comprises a forming section with at least two stations for forming a strip of wet paper within which are formed, individually, at least two layers of fibers, an assembly section in which said layers are assembled to form the multilayer material, as well as a pressing and drying section, is characterized in that it comprises, between said forming section and assembly section, removal means, using a pressurized fluid, at least one longitudinal ribbon of fibrous material in only one of said layers so as to form a continuous longitudinal window therein.
- This individual sheet paper material which comprises a first layer of paper and at least a second layer of paper joined together, said first layer being a surface layer, is characterized in that said first layer of paper has at least one longitudinal window, the opposite edges of which converge in the direction opposite to said second layer, while said second layer has no window opposite that of said first layer and is of constant thickness.
- the opposite edges of said longitudinal window are the edges oriented in the "running direction”.
- the security and / or value document is remarkable in that it consists, at least in part, of a material according to the preceding characteristic.
- the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing a material made up of fibers and shaped into a strip.
- shaped into a band is meant that the material is manufactured continuously so as to constitute a single band of a few hundred to a few thousand meters in length. Of course, in the end, this strip will be cut into a series of individual sheets.
- This M paper machine is represented partially and symbolically at figure 1 . Only the sections of this machine which are of interest in relation to the subject of the invention are visible. This is particularly a training section 1 and an assembly section 2.
- Such a machine advantageously comprises a set of presses, a drying unit and a sizing press assembly not shown here.
- the material produced within this machine is intended to be wound on itself.
- the training section 1 comprises two substantially identical training stations 10 and 11.
- station 10 comprises a tank 100 containing a suspension of fibers S which can be cellulose fibers, more particularly cotton fibers, synthetic fibers, natural fibers reconstituted with or without additional chemical grafting or any mixture of at least two of these different fibers.
- a rotary cylinder 101 in canvas which defines, when it is rotated in the direction counterclockwise from arrow f, a peripheral surface in contact with which a layer 4 of fibers is continuously formed.
- the second training station 11 comprises a tank 110 in which is contained a suspension S identical or different in composition from the first mentioned above and where a cylinder 111 is bathed similar to the cylinder 101 and with the same direction of rotation f .
- This second station makes it possible to form a second layer 5 of fibers. These fibers are of the same nature or of a different nature to that of layer 4.
- the speed of rotation of the cylinders 101 and 111 is one of the parameters which determines the thickness of the layers 4 and 5.
- the two aforementioned cylinders bathe in one and the same tank.
- the station 10 is located upstream with respect to the station 11.
- layers 4 and 5 When layers 4 and 5 are formed, they are pressed and guided in the machine direction against a felt 3 which is designed to have good retention of the fine fibers and fillers contained in the layer of fibers but which remains sufficiently permeable to allow passage air and water.
- the felt 3 is shown slightly apart from the layer 4, but only in order to clearly distinguish it from this layer.
- Such a fabric is qualified as an SSB ( Sheet Support Binder ) fabric which qualifies a multi-layer fabric whose connecting threads are part of the structure, which makes it possible to bind the paper side to the machine side while serving as a support for the strip in constitution courts.
- SSB Sheet Support Binder
- interval I which, according to the invention, is used to proceed at this level, that is to say between the formation 1 and assembly 2 sections, with the removal, using a pressurized fluid, of at least one longitudinal ribbon R of fibrous material in the single layer 4 formed within the station 10.
- longitudinal ribbon means a ribbon which extends in the direction of the strip being formed, in this case in the machine direction S M.
- pairs of nozzles 7 are used which direct jets of fluid so as to have point impact zones or quasi-punctual on the layer of fibers 4. This is notably shown in the figure 2 where the jets J allow very fine cuts D to be made within the layer 4.
- the water content of the layers of fibers 4 and 5 is greater than 50% and advantageously greater than 70, even 80%. Therefore, the fluid pressure which it is necessary to use to carry out the removal of the ribbon R is relatively low and advantageously between 5 and 9 bars, due to the poor mechanical strength of the layer of fibers to this stage. This is in no way comparable to the high pressures used in the prior art, pressures which can be of the order of 1000 bar, or even higher.
- the jets J are oriented in a convergent manner, namely that they are oriented towards the center of the longitudinal strip R to be removed, so as to form with the plane in which the layer 4 is contained an acute angle x ° of between 45 and 90 ° and this in order to carry out a frank cut without a bead on the edges of the layer 4 intended to be added to the layer 5.
- the relative inclination of the jets J will cause the fibers of layer 4 struck by the jets to be released towards the center of the window or fall by gravity as shown by the arrows g of the figure 3 .
- This clearance towards the center of the window or this fall by gravity is facilitated by the shape which, in particular due to the relative inclination of the jets J, the cutouts D with the ribbon R.
- the means 7 for projecting pressurized fluid and the means 8 for projecting pressurized air direct jets which are inclined in the longitudinal direction at angles y °, respectively z °.
- the inclination at the angle y ° allows a cut to be made in the fiber layer in the direction of advance (machine direction s M ) of the paper strip, which makes it possible to make a clean cut.
- This angle can of course be adjusted according to the operating speed of the paper machine.
- the angle z ° (oriented opposite to the angle y ° but without the absolute values of these angles being necessarily equal) and the distance of the air nozzles 8 from the fabric 3 can be adjusted to have a perfect detachment of the paper tape cut by the water jets.
- these air nozzles must be positioned according to a careful identification with respect to the zone in which the water nozzles act. If they are badly positioned, they will take off the edges of the layer 4 which must remain on the fabric 3 to join the second layer 5, thus generating defects on the final assembly.
- the width of the pressurized air jet must be at most equal to the width of the ribbon R of cut paper. In an optimized setting, it can be narrower for more flexibility of positioning.
- nozzles 8 are positioned so that the ribbon R of paper falls back into a vat of pulp and is then recycled.
- the window F which is formed in the layer 4 has longitudinal edges 40 which are generally inclined. This is of particular importance in the assembly 6 of the layers which is formed in the end.
- the angle x ° of the air nozzles is too high, that is to say too close to 90 °, then the cut is too sharp and practically perpendicular to the edges of the layer 4 of fibers remaining on the carpet and is then visible on the final paper.
- the border delimiting window F is then clear with a marked difference in thickness generating a visible black line.
- slopes form at left and right of the ribbon cut R on layer 4, so that they are also visible on the final sheet.
- the angle x ° is therefore in particular between 45 ° and 90 °, preferably between 45 ° and 85 ° and more preferably between 50 ° and 75 °.
- a paper material is generated using the process of the invention which comprises a first perforated layer 4 as well as a second layer 5 of constant thickness.
- the window produced is not detectable with the naked eye but by vision systems, generally installed at the end of the paper machine. The area where the window is present is therefore checked online and, if drift occurs, the parameters for adjusting the water and air nozzles can be adjusted during production.
- Nozzles 7 and 8 can be easily adjusted if they are mounted on a graduated rail.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
La présente invention se rapporte notamment à un procédé de fabrication d'un matériau (6) constitué de fibres et conformé en bande, par voie papetière humide, ce matériau (6) étant multicouches et comportant une première couche (4) de fibres et au moins une deuxième couche (5) de fibres assemblées l'une à l'autre, procédé au cours duquel chaque couche de fibres (4, 5) est formée individuellement par égouttage sur une toile de formation (3) dans une section de formation (1), puis acheminée en bande vers une section d'assemblage (2) dans laquelle lesdites couches (4, 5) sont assemblées pour former le matériau multicouches (6), et ensuite vers une section de pressage et de séchage,caractérisé par le fait que l'on procède à l'enlèvement, à l'aide d'un fluide sous pression, entre lesdites sections de formation (1) et d'assemblage (2), d'au moins un ruban longitudinal (R) de matière fibreuse dans l'une (4) seulement desdites couches (4, 5) de manière à y former une fenêtre longitudinale continue, que l'on fait usage, pour chaque ruban longitudinal, de deux jets (J) de fluide sous pression, lesquels sont positionnés de manière à délimiter les bords opposés (40) de ladite fenêtre longitudinale (F), et que l'on oriente lesdits jets (J) de façon convergente, à savoir qu'on les oriente vers le centre dudit ruban longitudinal (R) à retirer, de manière à former avec le plan dans lequel est contenue ladite bande un angle x° inférieur à 90°, notamment compris entre 45° et 90°, de préférence compris entre 45° et 85° et plus préférentiellement compris entre 50° et 75°.The present invention relates in particular to a method of manufacturing a material (6) consisting of fibers and shaped in a strip, by wet papermaking, this material (6) being multilayer and comprising a first layer (4) of fibers and at least a second layer (5) of fibers joined together, process in which each layer of fibers (4, 5) is formed individually by draining on a forming fabric (3) in a forming section ( 1), then conveyed in a strip to an assembly section (2) in which said layers (4, 5) are assembled to form the multilayer material (6), and then to a pressing and drying section, characterized by the fact that one proceeds, using a pressurized fluid, between said forming (1) and assembly (2) sections, at least one longitudinal strip (R) of material fibrous in only one (4) of said layers (4, 5) so as to form therein a continuous longitudinal window, which is used, for each longitudinal strip, of two jets (J) of pressurized fluid, which are positioned so as to delimit the opposite edges (40) of said longitudinal window (F), and that said jets (J) are oriented in a convergent manner, that is to say that they are oriented towards the center of said longitudinal strip (R) to be removed, so as to form with the plane in which said strip is contained an angle x ° less than 90 °, in particular between 45 ° and 90 °, preferably between 45 ° and 85 ° and more preferably between 50 ° and 75 °.
Description
La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé de fabrication d'un matériau constitué de fibres et conformé en bande.The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing a material consisting of fibers and shaped into a strip.
Elle concerne aussi une machine de fabrication d'un tel matériau. D'autres aspects de l'invention se rapportent à un matériau en feuille, c'est-à-dire découpé à partir de la bande, ainsi qu'à un document de sécurité et/ou de valeur qui le comporte.It also relates to a machine for manufacturing such a material. Other aspects of the invention relate to a sheet material, that is to say cut from the strip, as well as to a security and / or valuable document which includes it.
Dans le domaine des documents de sécurité et plus particulièrement des billets de banque, le support utilisé usuellement est en papier. Il présente de nombreux avantages, notamment celui de pouvoir intégrer un certain nombre d'éléments de sécurité tels que, par exemple, un filigrane ou un fil de sécurité.In the field of security documents and more particularly banknotes, the support usually used is paper. It has many advantages, in particular that of being able to integrate a certain number of security elements such as, for example, a watermark or a security thread.
Un autre avantage est, entre autres, de pouvoir être imprimé aisément en taille-douce, c'est-à-dire avec des reliefs détectables facilement au toucher. Ces éléments sont facilement reconnaissables par le grand public et fournissent un moyen fort d'authentification.Another advantage is, among other things, being able to be easily printed in intaglio, that is to say with reliefs detectable easily by touch. These elements are easily recognized by the general public and provide a strong means of authentication.
Afin d'améliorer la résistance physique du support, certaines banques nationales utilisent un polymère transparent ultérieurement opacifié en blanc et imprimé. En plus d'être mécaniquement plus résistant, il permet de réaliser une sécurité efficace de type "fenêtre transparente" permettant de voir au travers du dit support, depuis l'une ou l'autre de ses faces opposées.In order to improve the physical resistance of the support, certain national banks use a transparent polymer which is subsequently opacified in white and printed. In addition to being mechanically more resistant, it makes it possible to achieve effective security of the "transparent window" type making it possible to see through said support, from one or other of its opposite faces.
Cette construction d'un billet, ou plutôt d'une portion de billet "transparente", a ouvert de nombreuses possibilités en termes de structure et a permis d'apporter un élément nouveau et facilement reconnaissable par le grand public.This construction of a ticket, or rather of a "transparent" portion of a ticket, opened up many possibilities in terms of structure and made it possible to provide a new element that is easily recognizable by the general public.
Il existe bien entendu des techniques dites de "transparentisation" du papier, qui permettent de créer des zones moins opaques dans la masse de fibres papetières. Toutefois, il est impossible d'obtenir une zone totalement transparente, à moins de créer physiquement une ouverture dans le papier du type "fenêtre".There are of course techniques known as "transparency" of the paper, which make it possible to create less opaque zones in the mass of paper fibers. However, it is impossible to get a fully transparent, unless you physically create an opening in the "window" type paper.
Des billets de banque avec ce type de perforations en "fenêtres" sont aujourd'hui de plus en plus en vogue. Bien entendu, les fenêtres qui en résultent sont obturées avec des films de sécurité transparents pour, d'une part, offrir une résistance physique à la manipulation en circulation et, d'autre part, servir de "plateforme" (c'est à dire de support), de manière à y accueillir des éléments de sécurités qui peuvent être authentifiés depuis l'une et/ou l'autre des faces.Banknotes with this type of "window" perforation are nowadays more and more popular. Of course, the resulting windows are closed with transparent security films, on the one hand, to offer physical resistance to handling in circulation and, on the other hand, to serve as a "platform" (ie support), so as to accommodate security elements which can be authenticated from one and / or the other of the faces.
Ainsi, afin d'obturer les fenêtres, il est nécessaire de sceller un film, par exemple en plastique, sur la zone du papier immédiatement voisine de la fenêtre. Les procédés de mise en oeuvre correspondants sont connus de l'homme de l'art sous le terme de "lamination".Thus, in order to close the windows, it is necessary to seal a film, for example plastic, on the paper area immediately adjacent to the window. The corresponding implementation methods are known to those skilled in the art under the term "lamination".
Ce procédé de lamination se distingue du procédé très répandu de transfert à chaud. Ainsi, notamment, dans le procédé de lamination, le film porteur des éléments de sécurité est directement déposé sur le support, par opposition au procédé de transfert à chaud selon lequel le film porteur est rembobiné après que la fine pellicule contenant les éléments de sécurité ait été transférée sur le support.This lamination process differs from the widely used hot transfer process. Thus, in particular, in the lamination process, the film carrying the security elements is directly deposited on the support, as opposed to the hot transfer method according to which the carrier film is rewound after the thin film containing the security elements has been transferred to the medium.
Ce procédé de lamination souffre cependant de plusieurs inconvénients. Ainsi, le film présente des propriétés mécaniques, d'absorption d'eau et de contraction/dilatation différentes de celle du support en papier, de sorte que le film, notamment lorsqu'il est déposé en bande sur toute la hauteur d'un billet, a tendance à provoquer un effet de "tuilage" du papier découpé en feuille (ce qui signifie que le papier a tendance à gondoler localement). En anglais, on parle d'un phénomène de "curl".This lamination process suffers from several drawbacks, however. Thus, the film has mechanical properties, water absorption and contraction / expansion different from that of the paper support, so that the film, especially when deposited in strip over the entire height of a ticket , tends to cause a "curl" effect of the paper cut into sheets (which means that the paper tends to curl locally). In English, we speak of a " curl " phenomenon.
Ces problèmes sont d'autant plus importants lorsque le film est déposé sur des machines bobine-bobine avant la découpe du papier pour obtenir des feuilles individuelles. Le film a pu être étiré lors de son dépôt sur le support et tend à retrouver sa forme initiale au moment de la découpe, entraînant ainsi la déformation non souhaitée du papier.These problems are all the more important when the film is deposited on reel-to-reel machines before cutting the paper to obtain individual sheets. The film could have been stretched when it was deposited on the support and tends to regain its initial shape at the time of cutting, thus causing undesired deformation of the paper.
Une solution à ce problème a été apportée par l'application repérée d'un film plastique au verso du papier ayant au recto le film laminé, ledit film plastique appliqué au verso étant appelé, en termes du métier, "contre-foil" et permettant de contrebalancer l'effet de « curl » évoqué ci-avant. Ceci est notamment décrit dans le document
Cette technique répond à la problématique de déformation du papier mais crée un problème de surépaisseur sur les bobines de papier au niveau du film laminé et du "contre-foil", en raison de l'épaisseur cumulée à cet endroit du film laminé, du papier et du "contre-foil".This technique responds to the problem of paper deformation but creates a problem of excess thickness on the paper reels at the level of the laminated film and the "back-foil", because of the cumulative thickness at this location of the laminated film, of the paper. and "back-foil".
On décrit dans le document
Ainsi, on crée localement des zones en dépression dans laquelle l'épaisseur du papier est réduite et on met à profit la présence des cuvettes pour y loger les "foils" et "contre-foils" précités. Ainsi, on réduit drastiquement l'épaisseur du produit final dans cette zone.Thus, vacuum zones are created locally in which the thickness of the paper is reduced and advantage is taken of the presence of the bowls to accommodate the aforementioned "foils" and "counter foils". Thus, the thickness of the final product is drastically reduced in this area.
Plusieurs techniques permettant de former ces cuvettes sont évoquées, à savoir la préparation d'une toile spécifique pour la couche principale et la couche secondaire, créant ainsi des bandes de papier d'épaisseurs plus faibles, mais aussi le calandrage localisé, et le retrait localisé de matière dans la couche secondaire.Several techniques for forming these bowls are mentioned, namely the preparation of a specific canvas for the main layer and the secondary layer, thus creating strips of paper of smaller thicknesses, but also localized calendering and localized shrinkage. of material in the secondary layer.
Il ressort de ce document que la réduction localisée de l'épaisseur de chaque couche nécessite des moyens spécifiques additionnels et que, lors de l'assemblage des deux couches, il est nécessaire de les positionner correctement l'une par rapport à l'autre, au risque d'avoir des cuvettes qui ne sont pas exactement en registre.It appears from this document that the local reduction of the thickness of each layer requires additional specific means and that, when the two layers are assembled, it is necessary to position them correctly with respect to each other, at the risk of having bowls that are not exactly on the register.
Un état de la technique supplémentaire en la matière est constitué par les documents suivants :
Bien que la formation de la fenêtre ait lieu alors que le matériau est encore humide, on indique dans ce document que la pression du fluide est comprise entre 50 et 4000 bar, par exemple entre 1000 et 2000 bar. On comprend aisément que cette gamme de valeur est élevée et requiert une quantité importante d'énergie.Although the formation of the window takes place while the material is still wet, it is indicated in this document that the fluid pressure is between 50 and 4000 bar, for example between 1000 and 2000 bar. We easily understands that this range of value is high and requires a significant amount of energy.
Il en est de même pour le document
Par ailleurs :
-
US 4 943 093figures 2, 3a, 3b, 3c ,5a, 5b et 5c ont soit des bords droits, soit deux bords convergents dans la direction de la deuxième couche de papier. Plus précisément, sur lesfigures 2 à 3a seuls les bords orientés dans le "sens travers" (direction perpendiculaire au "sens marche") présentent des bords convergents ; -
WO 2014/199296 -
US 2008/036197 -
WO 2009/022072
-
US 4,943,093 figures 2, 3a, 3b, 3c ,5a, 5b and 5c have either straight edges or two converging edges in the direction of the second layer of paper. More specifically, onfigures 2 to 3a only the edges oriented in the "cross direction" (direction perpendicular to the "running direction") have converging edges; -
WO 2014/199296 -
US 2008/036197 -
WO 2009/022072
Partant de cet art antérieur, il est clair qu'il subsiste un besoin de disposer d'une technique de fabrication d'un matériau constitué de fibres et conformé en bande, dans lequel est formé au moins une dépression qui soit le plus simple possible à réaliser, très économe en énergie et qui ne demande, pour son implantation, qu'une modification minimale des machines de fabrication de papier existantes, avec un minimum d'impact sur la qualité visuelle des zones frontière de cette dépression.Starting from this prior art, it is clear that there remains a need for a technique for manufacturing a material consisting of fibers and shaped in a strip, in which at least one depression is formed which is as simple as possible. achieve, very energy efficient and which requires, for its establishment, only a minimal modification of the existing paper making machines, with a minimum impact on the visual quality of the border areas of this depression.
Ainsi, selon, un premier aspect, la présente invention se rapporte à un procédé de fabrication d'un matériau constitué de fibres et conformé en bande, par voie papetière humide, ce matériau étant multicouches et comportant une première couche de fibres et au moins une deuxième couche de fibres assemblées l'une à l'autre, procédé au cours duquel chaque couche de fibres est formée individuellement par égouttage sur une toile de formation dans une section de formation, puis acheminée en bande vers une section d'assemblage dans laquelle lesdites couches sont assemblées pour former le matériau multicouches, et ensuite vers une section de déshydratation (plus couramment appelée pressage) et de séchage,
caractérisé par le fait que l'on procède à l'enlèvement, à l'aide d'un fluide sous pression, entre lesdites sections de formation et d'assemblage, d'au moins un ruban longitudinal de matière fibreuse dans l'une seulement desdites couches de manière à y former une fenêtre longitudinale continue, que l'on fait usage, pour chaque ruban longitudinal, de deux jets de fluide sous pression, lesquels sont positionnés de manière à délimiter les bords opposés de ladite fenêtre longitudinale, et que l'on oriente lesdits jets de façon convergente, à savoir qu'on les oriente vers le centre dudit ruban longitudinal à retirer, de manière à former avec le plan dans lequel est contenue ladite bande un angle x° inférieur à 90°, notamment compris entre 45° et 90°, de préférence compris entre 45° et 85°et plus préférentiellement compris entre 50° et 75°.Thus, according to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing a material made of fibers and shaped in strip, by wet papermaking, this material being multilayer and comprising a first layer of fibers and at least a second layer of fibers joined together, process during which each layer of fibers is formed individually by draining on a forming fabric in a forming section, then conveyed in a strip to an assembly section in which said layers are assembled to form the multilayer material, and then to a dehydration (more commonly called pressing) and drying section,
characterized by the fact that at least one longitudinal ribbon of fibrous material is removed in only one, using a pressurized fluid, between said forming and joining sections of said layers so as to form therein a continuous longitudinal window, which use is made, for each longitudinal strip, of two jets of pressurized fluid, which are positioned so as to delimit the opposite edges of said longitudinal window, and that l 'said jets are oriented convergently, namely that they are oriented towards the center of said longitudinal strip to be removed, so as to form with the plane in which said strip is contained an angle x ° less than 90 °, in particular between 45 ° and 90 °, preferably between 45 ° and 85 ° and more preferably between 50 ° and 75 °.
Les bords opposés de ladite fenêtre longitudinale sont les bords orientés dans le "sens marche", c'est-à-dire parallèlement à la direction de déplacement du matériau de la section de formation vers la section de déshydratation et de séchage.The opposite edges of said longitudinal window are the edges oriented in the "running direction", that is to say parallel to the direction of movement of the material from the forming section to the dehydration and drying section.
Ainsi, on met à profit, au sein de la machine, une zone où il existe un espace disponible pour y placer une source de fluide sous pression. De plus, la teneur en humidité de la bande étant très élevée dans cette zone, une pression relativement basse de fluide est nécessaire pour dégager la fenêtre, d'où des gains significatifs en énergie. Enfin, l'orientation particulière des jets se traduit, sur le produit fini, par une excellente qualité visuelle des zones frontière d'enlèvement du ruban.Thus, advantage is taken, within the machine, of an area where there is space available for placing a source of fluid under pressure therein. In addition, the moisture content of the strip being very high in this area, a relatively low pressure of fluid is necessary to clear the window, resulting in significant energy savings. Finally, the particular orientation of the jets is reflected, on the finished product, by an excellent visual quality of the border areas for removing the tape.
Bien entendu, à des fins de simplification, il n'est pas décrit ici la suite du procédé en ligne, mais la bande subit d'autres étapes de traitement (encollage ou « sizing » en anglais, séchage complémentaire, calandrage etc.) avant d'être enroulée sur elle-même en bobine.Of course, for the sake of simplification, the rest of the online process is not described here, but the strip undergoes other processing steps (sizing or “sizing” in English, additional drying, calendering, etc.) before to be wound on itself in a reel.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques non limitatives et avantageuses de ce procédé :
- ledit fluide sous pression est de l'eau ou de l'air ;
- la pression de fluide est inférieure à 10 bar, de préférence comprise
entre 5 et 9 bar ; - la teneur en eau desdites couches de fibres, lorsque l'on procède audit enlèvement, est supérieure à 70% ;
- ladite section de formation comprend des moyens d'égouttage à travers une toile d'une forme ronde baignant partiellement dans une suspension aqueuse de fibres ou d'une table plate alimentée par une suspension aqueuse de fibres, ou par injection et égouttage de matière fibreuse sur une toile de cylindre rotatif ;
- on oriente les deux jets de fluide sous pression dans le sens de déplacement dudit matériau en bande, de ladite section de formation vers ladite section d'assemblage, préférentiellement selon un angle y° inférieur à 90°, préférentiellement compris entre 45° et 90° ;
- on fait usage de jets ayant de zones d'impact ponctuelles ou quasi-ponctuelles ;
- on procède à l'enlèvement dudit ruban longitudinal par le dessous de ladite couche ;
- on insuffle de l'air sur ladite couche, par le dessus de celle-ci, au moins dans une zone en repérage de celle où lesdits fluides sous pression opèrent, ceci afin de faciliter l'enlèvement du ruban longitudinal de matière fibreuse.
- said pressurized fluid is water or air;
- the fluid pressure is less than 10 bar, preferably between 5 and 9 bar;
- the water content of said layers of fibers, when carrying out said removal, is greater than 70%;
- said forming section comprises means for draining through a fabric of a round shape partially bathed in an aqueous suspension of fibers or a flat table fed with an aqueous suspension of fibers, or by injection and draining of fibrous material on a rotary cylinder fabric;
- the two jets of pressurized fluid are oriented in the direction of movement of said strip material, from said forming section towards said assembly section, preferably at an angle y ° less than 90 °, preferably between 45 ° and 90 ° ;
- use is made of jets having point or quasi-point impact zones;
- the said longitudinal strip is removed from below the said layer;
- air is blown onto said layer, from above it, at least in a location zone of that in which said pressurized fluids operate, this in order to facilitate the removal of the longitudinal ribbon of fibrous material.
Par ailleurs, la présente invention propose une machine de fabrication de papier, un matériau en feuille et un document de sécurité et/ou de valeur.Furthermore, the present invention provides a paper making machine, sheet material and a security and / or valuable document.
Cette machine de fabrication de papier, qui comporte une section de formation avec au moins deux postes de formation d'une bande de papier humide au sein duquel sont formées, de manière individuelle, au moins deux couches de fibres, une section d'assemblage dans laquelle lesdites couches sont assemblées pour former le matériau multicouches, ainsi qu'une section de pressage et de séchage, est caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comporte, entre lesdites section de formation et section d'assemblage, des moyens d'enlèvement, à l'aide d'un fluide sous pression, d'au moins un ruban longitudinal de matière fibreuse dans l'une seulement desdites couches de manière à y former une fenêtre longitudinale continue.This paper making machine, which comprises a forming section with at least two stations for forming a strip of wet paper within which are formed, individually, at least two layers of fibers, an assembly section in which said layers are assembled to form the multilayer material, as well as a pressing and drying section, is characterized in that it comprises, between said forming section and assembly section, removal means, using a pressurized fluid, at least one longitudinal ribbon of fibrous material in only one of said layers so as to form a continuous longitudinal window therein.
Ce matériau papier en feuille individuelle, qui comporte une première couche de papier et au moins une deuxième couche de papier assemblées l'une à l'autre, ladite première couche étant une couche de surface, est caractérisé par le fait que ladite première couche de papier comporte au moins une fenêtre longitudinale dont les bords opposés sont convergents dans la direction opposée à ladite deuxième couche, tandis que ladite deuxième couche est dépourvue de fenêtre en regard de celle de ladite première couche et est d'épaisseur constante.This individual sheet paper material, which comprises a first layer of paper and at least a second layer of paper joined together, said first layer being a surface layer, is characterized in that said first layer of paper has at least one longitudinal window, the opposite edges of which converge in the direction opposite to said second layer, while said second layer has no window opposite that of said first layer and is of constant thickness.
Les bords opposés de ladite fenêtre longitudinale sont les bords orientés dans le "sens marche".The opposite edges of said longitudinal window are the edges oriented in the "running direction".
Par l'expression « convergents dans la direction opposée à ladite deuxième couche » on entend que les lignes formées par lesdits bords convergent vers un point situé « côté feutre », c'est-à-dire situé, par rapport à la première couche de papier, du côté opposé à ladite deuxième couche, comme représenté sur la
Le document de sécurité et/ou de valeur est remarquable en ce qu'il est constitué, au moins en partie, d'un matériau selon la caractéristique précédente.The security and / or value document is remarkable in that it consists, at least in part, of a material according to the preceding characteristic.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante d'un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention. Cette description est faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :
- la
figure 1 est une vue schématique et partielle d'une machine de fabrication de papier conforme à la présente invention ; - la
figure 2 est une coupe transversale d'une couche de fibres formée au sein de la machine de lafigure 1 et de moyens qui permettent d'enlever dans cette couche un ruban longitudinal de fibres ; - la
figure 3 est une vue partielle en coupe transversale de la couche de lafigure 2 , ce schéma étant destiné à montrer comment s'opère l'enlèvement de matière du ruban longitudinal ; - la
figure 4 est une vue partielle en coupe transversale de la couche de lafigure 3 et de moyens de soufflage d'air ; - la
figure 5 est une vue en coupe transversale de la couche des figures précédentes après réalisation d'une fenêtre ; - enfin, la
figure 6 est une vue en coupe transversale partielle de deux couches de fibres assemblées l'une à l'autre.
- the
figure 1 is a schematic and partial view of a paper making machine according to the present invention; - the
figure 2 is a cross section of a layer of fibers formed within the machine of thefigure 1 and means which make it possible to remove from this layer a longitudinal ribbon of fibers; - the
figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the layer of thefigure 2 , this diagram being intended to show how the material of the longitudinal strip is removed; - the
figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the layer of thefigure 3 and air blowing means; - the
figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the layer of the preceding figures after making a window; - finally, the
figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of two layers of fibers joined together.
Comme indiqué précédemment, la présente invention se rapporte à un procédé de fabrication d'un matériau constitué de fibres et conformé en bande.As indicated above, the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing a material made up of fibers and shaped into a strip.
Par l'expression, "conformé en bande", on entend que le matériau est fabriqué en continu de manière à constituer une seule et unique bande de quelques centaines à quelques milliers de mètres de long. Bien entendu, au final, cette bande sera découpée en une série de feuilles individuelles.By the expression "shaped into a band" is meant that the material is manufactured continuously so as to constitute a single band of a few hundred to a few thousand meters in length. Of course, in the end, this strip will be cut into a series of individual sheets.
Ce procédé est mis en oeuvre au sein d'une machine de fabrication d'un tel matériau que l'on qualifiera ci-après de "machine à papier".This process is implemented in a machine for manufacturing such a material which will be described below as a "paper machine".
De manière générale, les figures qui accompagnent le présent texte n'ont qu'une vocation illustrative. Cela signifie que les dimensions, notamment les épaisseurs, les écartements et les angles sont exagérés à des fins de simplification et de lisibilité et ne reflètent pas fidèlement la réalité.In general, the figures accompanying this text are for illustrative purposes only. This means that dimensions, including thicknesses, spacings and angles are exaggerated for the sake of simplicity and readability and do not accurately reflect reality.
Cette machine à papier M est représentée partiellement et symboliquement à la
Toutefois, une telle machine comporte avantageusement un ensemble de presses, un ensemble de sècherie et un ensemble presse-encolleuse non représentés ici. Au final, le matériau fabriqué au sein de cette machine est destiné à être enroulé sur lui-même.However, such a machine advantageously comprises a set of presses, a drying unit and a sizing press assembly not shown here. In the end, the material produced within this machine is intended to be wound on itself.
De façon connue en soi, la section de formation 1 comporte deux postes de formation 10 et 11 sensiblement identiques. Ainsi, le poste 10 comporte une cuve 100 contenant une suspension de fibres S qui peuvent être des fibres de cellulose, plus particulièrement de coton, des fibres synthétiques, des fibres naturelles reconstituées avec ou sans greffage chimique additionnel ou un mélange quelconque d'au moins deux de ces différentes fibres.In a manner known per se, the training section 1 comprises two substantially
Dans cette cuve est partiellement immergé un cylindre rotatif 101 en toile qui définit, lorsqu'il est animé d'un mouvement de rotation dans le sens antihoraire de la flèche f, une surface périphérique au contact de laquelle se forme en continu une couche 4 de fibres.In this tank is partially submerged a
De manière analogue, le deuxième poste de formation 11 comporte une cuve 110 dans laquelle est contenue une suspension S identique ou différente en composition de la première évoquée ci-avant et où baigne un cylindre 111 analogue au cylindre 101 et de même sens de rotation f. Ce deuxième poste permet de former une deuxième couche 5 de fibres. Ces fibres sont de même nature ou de nature différente de celle de la couche 4.Similarly, the
Bien entendu, la vitesse de rotation des cylindres 101 et 111 est un des paramètres qui conditionne l'épaisseur des couches 4 et 5.Of course, the speed of rotation of the
Dans un mode de réalisation non représenté, les deux cylindres précités baignent dans une seule et même cuve.In an embodiment not shown, the two aforementioned cylinders bathe in one and the same tank.
Par rapport au sens d'avancée des couches 4 et 5 ainsi créées, qualifié de sens machine ou sens marche SM, le poste 10 est situé en amont par rapport au poste 11.Relative to the direction of advance of the
Lorsque les couches 4 et 5 se forment, elles se trouvent plaquées et guidées dans le sens machine contre un feutre 3 qui est conçu pour avoir une bonne rétention des fibres fines et charges contenues dans la couche de fibres mais qui reste suffisamment perméable pour laisser passer l'air et l'eau.When layers 4 and 5 are formed, they are pressed and guided in the machine direction against a
Volontairement, à la
Il s'agit par exemple d'une toile tissée en polyester et en polyamide ayant une perméabilité de l'ordre de 350 CFM (Cubic Feet per square feets of sample per Minute). Une telle toile est qualifiée de toile SSB (Sheet Support Binder) qui qualifie une toile multicouches dont les fils de liaison font partie de la structure, ce qui permet de lier la face papier à la face machine tout en servant de support à la bande en cours de constitution.It is for example a woven fabric of polyester and polyamide having a permeability of the order of 350 CFM ( Cubic Feet per square feets of sample per Minute ). Such a fabric is qualified as an SSB ( Sheet Support Binder ) fabric which qualifies a multi-layer fabric whose connecting threads are part of the structure, which makes it possible to bind the paper side to the machine side while serving as a support for the strip in constitution courts.
Au sein de cette architecture relativement traditionnelle de machine à papier M, il existe entre les deux postes 10 et 11 un intervalle I qui est, conformément à l'invention, mis à profit pour procéder à ce niveau, c'est à dire entre les sections de formation 1 et d'assemblage 2, à l'enlèvement à l'aide d'un fluide sous pression, d'au moins un ruban longitudinal R de matière fibreuse dans la seule couche 4 formée au sein du poste 10. Bien entendu, on entend par "ruban longitudinal", un ruban qui s'étend dans le sens de la bande en cours de constitution, en l'occurrence dans le sens machine SM.Within this relatively traditional paper machine architecture M, there is between the two
Ainsi, dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures, on utilise de préférence de l'eau sous pression et pour ce faire on emploie des paires de buses 7 qui dirigent des jets de fluide de manière à avoir des zones d'impact ponctuelles ou quasi-ponctuelles sur la couche de fibres 4. Ceci est notamment représenté à la
Dans cet intervalle I, la teneur en eau des couches de fibres 4 et 5 est supérieure à 50 % et avantageusement supérieure à 70, voire 80 %. De ce fait, la pression de fluide qu'il est nécessaire d'utiliser pour procéder à l'enlèvement du ruban R est relativement basse et avantageusement comprise entre 5 et 9 bars, en raison du peu de tenue mécanique de la couche de fibres à ce stade. Ceci n'a rien de comparable aux fortes pressions utilisées dans l'état de la technique, pressions qui peuvent être de l'ordre de 1000 bar, voire supérieures.In this interval I, the water content of the layers of
Comme également visible à la
Le fait de recourir à des jets J avec des zones d'impact ponctuelles ou quasi-ponctuelles, lesquels jets sont inclinés selon l'angle x° précité, présente de nombreux avantages. Parmi ceux-ci, on note tout particulièrement le fait qu'un jet ponctuel nécessite moins de pression d'eau qu'une buse qui fournirait un jet sous la forme d'un pinceau large et plat.The fact of using jets J with point or quasi-point impact zones, which jets are inclined at the above-mentioned angle x °, has many advantages. Among these, we note in particular the fact that a punctual jet requires less water pressure than a nozzle which would provide a jet in the form of a large and flat brush.
De plus, comme le montre la
Ainsi, on obtient en définitive une couche 4, dans laquelle on vient de pratiquer des découpes dont les bords longitudinaux 40 sont en théorie de la forme indiquée à la
Afin de parachever l'enlèvement du ruban longitudinal R, il est possible d'insuffler de l'air sur la couche 4 par le dessus de celle-ci, et dans une zone en repérage avec celle où les jets J opèrent, ceci afin de faciliter l'enlèvement du ruban R de matière fibreuse. Ceci est représenté aux
Sur la
L'inclinaison selon l'angle y° permet de réaliser une découpe dans la couche de fibres dans le sens d'avancée (sens machine sM) de la bande de papier, ce qui permet de réaliser une coupe nette. Cet angle peut bien entendu être ajusté suivant la vitesse de fonctionnement de la machine à papier.The inclination at the angle y ° allows a cut to be made in the fiber layer in the direction of advance (machine direction s M ) of the paper strip, which makes it possible to make a clean cut. This angle can of course be adjusted according to the operating speed of the paper machine.
L'angle z° (orienté à l'inverse de l'angle y° mais sans que les valeurs absolues de ces angles soient obligatoirement égales) et la distance des buses d'air 8 par rapport à la toile 3 peuvent être réglés pour avoir un décollement parfait du ruban de papier découpé par les jets d'eau. De plus, ces buses d'air doivent être positionnées selon un repérage soigné vis-à-vis de la zone dans laquelle agissent les buses d'eau. Si elles sont mal positionnées, elles vont décoller les bords de la couche 4 qui doivent rester sur la toile 3 pour rejoindre la seconde couche 5, générant ainsi des défauts sur l'assemblage final. La largeur du jet d'air sous pression doit être au maximum égale à la largeur du ruban R de papier découpé. Dans un réglage optimisé, elle peut être moins large pour plus de souplesse de positionnement.The angle z ° (oriented opposite to the angle y ° but without the absolute values of these angles being necessarily equal) and the distance of the
En effet, si l'angle x° est bien réglé, les bords du ruban R de papier découpé auront tendance à se décoller d'eux-mêmes. Grâce au soufflage au centre du ruban de papier, celui-ci va se décoller de la toile 3.Indeed, if the angle x ° is well adjusted, the edges of the ribbon R of cut paper will tend to come off on their own. Thanks to the blowing in the center of the paper tape, it will peel off from the
Ces buses 8 sont positionnées de telle sorte que le ruban R de papier retombe dans une cuve de pâte et soit ensuite recyclé.These
Comme indiqué précédemment, la fenêtre F qui est formée dans la couche 4 présente des bords longitudinaux 40 qui sont globalement inclinés. Ceci a une importance toute particulière dans l'assemblage 6 des couches qui est formé au final. Ainsi, si l'angle x° des buses d'air est trop élevé, c'est-à-dire trop proche de 90°, alors la découpe est trop franche et pratiquement perpendiculaire aux bords de la couche 4 de fibres restant sur le tapis et se trouve ensuite visible sur le papier final. En effet, la frontière délimitant la fenêtre F est alors nette avec une différence d'épaisseur marquée générant une ligne noire visible. De plus, avec un tel angle trop grand, des talus se forment à gauche et à droite du ruban découpé R sur la couche 4, de sorte qu'ils sont également visibles sur la feuille finale.As indicated above, the window F which is formed in the
Au contraire, avec un angle trop faible, les buses générant les jets J sont trop proches du papier et l'encombrement occasionné est important avec moins de flexibilité pour les déplacer.On the contrary, with an angle that is too small, the nozzles generating the jets J are too close to the paper and the congestion caused is significant with less flexibility for moving them.
L'angle x° est donc notamment compris entre 45° et 90°, de préférence compris entre 45° et 85°et plus préférentiellement compris entre 50° et 75°.The angle x ° is therefore in particular between 45 ° and 90 °, preferably between 45 ° and 85 ° and more preferably between 50 ° and 75 °.
On génère grâce au procédé de l'invention un matériau papier qui comporte une première couche 4 ajourée ainsi qu'une deuxième couche 5 d'épaisseur constante. Habituellement, la fenêtre réalisée n'est pas détectable à l'œil nu mais par des systèmes de vision, généralement installés en fin de machine à papier. La zone où est présente la fenêtre est donc contrôlée en ligne et, si des dérives apparaissent, les paramètres de réglage des buses d'eau et d'air peuvent être ajustés pendant la production.A paper material is generated using the process of the invention which comprises a first
A titre purement indicatif, on peut retirer selon la présente invention, un ruban de 20 millimètres de large et d'une épaisseur de 12 micromètres avec les paramètres suivants :
Les buses 7 et 8 peuvent être réglées facilement si elles sont montées sur un rail gradué.
Selon l'invention, on arrive donc à retirer un ruban de fibres à un stade où la couche de fibres a très peu de résistance mécanique et ce sans impacter la qualité visuelle des zones frontière d'enlèvement du ruban.According to the invention, it is therefore possible to remove a ribbon of fibers at a stage when the layer of fibers has very little mechanical resistance and this without impacting the visual quality of the border zones for removing the ribbon.
Claims (12)
caractérisé par le fait que l'on procède à l'enlèvement, à l'aide d'un fluide sous pression, entre lesdites sections de formation (1) et d'assemblage (2), d'au moins un ruban longitudinal (R) de matière fibreuse dans l'une (4) seulement desdites couches (4, 5) de manière à y former une fenêtre longitudinale continue (F), que l'on fait usage, pour chaque ruban longitudinal, de deux jets (J) de fluide sous pression, lesquels sont positionnés de manière à délimiter les bords opposés (40) de ladite fenêtre longitudinale (F), et que l'on oriente lesdits jets (J) de façon convergente, à savoir qu'on les oriente vers le centre dudit ruban longitudinal (R) à retirer, de manière à former avec le plan dans lequel est contenue ladite bande un angle x° inférieur à 90°, notamment compris entre 45° et 90°, de préférence compris entre 45° et 85° et plus préférentiellement compris entre 50° et 75°.Method for manufacturing a material (6) made of fibers and shaped as a strip, by the wet papermaking process, this material (6) being multilayer and comprising a first layer (4) of fibers and at least a second layer (5) of fibers assembled together, process in which each layer of fibers (4, 5) is formed individually by draining on a forming fabric (3) in a forming section (1), then conveyed in a band to an assembly section (2) in which said layers (4, 5) are assembled to form the multilayer material (6), and then to a pressing and drying section,
characterized in that one proceeds with the aid of a pressurized fluid, between said forming (1) and assembly (2) sections, at least one longitudinal strip (R ) of fibrous material in only one (4) of said layers (4, 5) so as to form therein a continuous longitudinal window (F), which is made use, for each longitudinal strip, of two jets (J) of pressurized fluid, which are positioned so as to delimit the opposite edges (40) of said longitudinal window (F), and that said jets (J) are oriented in a convergent manner, namely that they are oriented towards the center of said longitudinal strip (R) to be removed, so as to form with the plane in which said strip is contained an angle x ° less than 90 °, especially between 45 ° and 90 °, preferably between 45 ° and 85 ° and more preferably between 50 ° and 75 °.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL19196611T PL3623528T3 (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2019-09-11 | Method for manufacturing a sheet material, corresponding machine, sheet material and safety document |
SI201930069T SI3623528T1 (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2019-09-11 | Method for manufacturing a sheet material, corresponding machine, sheet material and safety document |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1858276A FR3085974B1 (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2018-09-14 | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A MATERIAL IN SHEET, MACHINE, SHEET MATERIAL AND CORRESPONDING SECURITY DOCUMENT |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3623528A1 true EP3623528A1 (en) | 2020-03-18 |
EP3623528B1 EP3623528B1 (en) | 2021-03-17 |
Family
ID=64049412
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19196611.8A Active EP3623528B1 (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2019-09-11 | Method for manufacturing a sheet material, corresponding machine, sheet material and safety document |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3623528B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2876199T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3085974B1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3623528T3 (en) |
SI (1) | SI3623528T1 (en) |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3431577A1 (en) | 1984-08-28 | 1986-03-13 | Heinr. Aug. Schoeller Söhne GmbH & Co KG, 5160 Düren | Method for producing genuine watermarks in paper |
US4943093A (en) | 1987-12-04 | 1990-07-24 | Portals Limited | Security paper for bank notes and the like |
US20010004007A1 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 2001-06-21 | Janne Puustinen | Method and device in a paper machine for transfer of the web from the former section to the press section |
US20030196531A1 (en) | 2002-04-20 | 2003-10-23 | Karlheinz Straub | Water jet cutter |
WO2007042718A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 | 2007-04-19 | Arjowiggins Security | Method for producing a sheet material provided with at least one window |
US20080036197A1 (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2008-02-14 | Leonhard Kurz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Security and/or Valuable Document |
WO2009022072A2 (en) | 2007-07-11 | 2009-02-19 | Arjowiggins Licensing | Process for manufacturing a sheet material |
WO2014199296A1 (en) | 2013-06-10 | 2014-12-18 | Arjowiggins Security | Security structure having a diffractive optical element |
EP2860040A1 (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-15 | European Central Bank | A Security Element, a Valuable Document comprising a Security Element and Methods for Manufacturing the Security Element and the Valuable Document |
-
2018
- 2018-09-14 FR FR1858276A patent/FR3085974B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2019
- 2019-09-11 PL PL19196611T patent/PL3623528T3/en unknown
- 2019-09-11 ES ES19196611T patent/ES2876199T3/en active Active
- 2019-09-11 EP EP19196611.8A patent/EP3623528B1/en active Active
- 2019-09-11 SI SI201930069T patent/SI3623528T1/en unknown
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3431577A1 (en) | 1984-08-28 | 1986-03-13 | Heinr. Aug. Schoeller Söhne GmbH & Co KG, 5160 Düren | Method for producing genuine watermarks in paper |
US4943093A (en) | 1987-12-04 | 1990-07-24 | Portals Limited | Security paper for bank notes and the like |
US20010004007A1 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 2001-06-21 | Janne Puustinen | Method and device in a paper machine for transfer of the web from the former section to the press section |
US20030196531A1 (en) | 2002-04-20 | 2003-10-23 | Karlheinz Straub | Water jet cutter |
US20080036197A1 (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2008-02-14 | Leonhard Kurz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Security and/or Valuable Document |
EP2077190A1 (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2009-07-08 | LEONHARD KURZ Stiftung & Co. KG | Safety document and/or document of value |
WO2007042718A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 | 2007-04-19 | Arjowiggins Security | Method for producing a sheet material provided with at least one window |
WO2009022072A2 (en) | 2007-07-11 | 2009-02-19 | Arjowiggins Licensing | Process for manufacturing a sheet material |
WO2014199296A1 (en) | 2013-06-10 | 2014-12-18 | Arjowiggins Security | Security structure having a diffractive optical element |
EP2860040A1 (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-15 | European Central Bank | A Security Element, a Valuable Document comprising a Security Element and Methods for Manufacturing the Security Element and the Valuable Document |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2876199T3 (en) | 2021-11-12 |
EP3623528B1 (en) | 2021-03-17 |
FR3085974A1 (en) | 2020-03-20 |
FR3085974B1 (en) | 2020-12-18 |
SI3623528T1 (en) | 2021-10-29 |
PL3623528T3 (en) | 2021-09-13 |
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