EP3620716B1 - Boiler for burning fuel - Google Patents

Boiler for burning fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3620716B1
EP3620716B1 EP18193313.6A EP18193313A EP3620716B1 EP 3620716 B1 EP3620716 B1 EP 3620716B1 EP 18193313 A EP18193313 A EP 18193313A EP 3620716 B1 EP3620716 B1 EP 3620716B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
shut
boiler according
air
boiler
fuel
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EP18193313.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3620716A1 (en
Inventor
Ernst Hutterer
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Froeling Heizkessel und Behaelterbau GmbH
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Froeling Heizkessel und Behaelterbau GmbH
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Priority to EP18193313.6A priority Critical patent/EP3620716B1/en
Priority to SI201830625T priority patent/SI3620716T1/en
Publication of EP3620716A1 publication Critical patent/EP3620716A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B40/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber
    • F23B40/06—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber the fuel being fed along the fuel-supporting surface
    • F23B40/08—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber the fuel being fed along the fuel-supporting surface into pot- or trough-shaped grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B60/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving
    • F23B60/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving with combustion air supplied through a grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using solid fuels; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23B2900/00001—Combustion chambers with integrated fuel hopper

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating boiler for burning fuel, in particular pellets, with a combustion chamber, with a fuel feed for charging the combustion chamber with fuel, the fuel feed having an intermediate container for the fuel, a burn-back protection with a shut-off device, in particular a slide, and a drive for actuation of the shut-off element, and with an air supply which opens into the combustion chamber and which has at least one device with a drivable actuator, in particular an air slide, for adjusting the amount of air.
  • the backbone protection of the boiler protects against undesired fire development in the intermediate container on the boiler and / or in the storage room, which is connected to the intermediate container of the boiler for charging it with fuel.
  • a wide variety of structural designs of the shut-off devices of backbone safety devices are known, for example having a slide and a drive for actuating the slide in order to close or open an opening for fuel.
  • actuatable control elements for example air slides ( DE3903739A1 ) in order to be able to adjust the amount of primary air and / or secondary air and / or heating air or, in general, combustion air in the combustion chamber.
  • a prior art according to the preamble of claim 1 is from DE202014104897U1 known.
  • the invention has therefore set itself the task of improving the operational reliability of the boiler, based on the boiler described at the beginning. In addition, the design effort on the boiler should be reduced.
  • the invention solves the problem posed by the features of claim 1.
  • the drive of the burn-back safety device also actuates the actuator of the device for adjusting the air volume
  • the common drive not only reduces the construction effort and the control and regulation effort on the boiler, it also increases the functional reliability of the boiler.
  • a technical malfunction affects both areas of the boiler, which makes it easier to identify irregularities in the boiler. For example, when a faulty combustion and output control on the boiler is detected, it is possible to conclude that there may also be a fault in the burn-back protection. So it is possible to reduce the number of checkpoints when troubleshooting.
  • the inventive coupling of two essentially functionally independent systems on the boiler according to the invention can simplify maintenance and increase the overall operational reliability of the boiler - for example, by putting the boiler into a safe operating state, such as shutdown, when a fault is detected.
  • Irregularities in the boiler can be recognized quickly, in particular, if the control element of the device for setting the air volume is provided in the secondary air supply of the air supply.
  • An incorrect setting / regulation of the secondary air supply has a rapid effect, for example, on an exhaust gas measurement of the boiler, which can enable a comparatively quick check of the boiler for functional reliability.
  • the fuel supply preferably charges the intermediate container with fuel via the burn-back protection. When the intermediate container is being charged, the boiler is usually in the "switched off" operating state, which means that a malfunction affects the "start-up” operating state or it can be canceled before the "full load” or “partial load” operating state of the boiler is reached. The operational safety of the boiler can thereby be further increased.
  • the construction can also be simplified if the intermediate container has an entry opening for the fuel and if the shut-off element cooperates with the entry opening to open or close it.
  • this position of the burn-back protection can facilitate accessibility - which in turn can further reduce maintenance and repair costs on the boiler.
  • the shut-off element can have a further function in protecting against burn-back. Among other things, this further simplifies the construction.
  • the shut-off element preferably has an 8-shaped outer contour in plan view in order to be able to fulfill both functions in a stable manner.
  • shut-off device is provided in the intermediate container.
  • the shut-off element has at least one protruding clearing element on the side facing away from the entry opening, the functional reliability of the burn-back protection can be further increased. For example, an impairment of the function of the burn-back protection can be avoided with the help of the clearing element.
  • the intermediate container carries the device for adjusting the air volume, the accessibility to the common drive and the elements moving with it can be further facilitated. It is also possible to increase the compactness of the boiler through the proximity of the burn-back protection and the device for adjusting the air volume.
  • the device for adjusting the air volume has an air box with an inflow opening and an outflow opening, the control element cooperating with the inflow and / or outflow opening for adjusting the air volume.
  • the construction of the boiler can be further simplified.
  • the construction conditions can be further simplified if the drive is designed to operate the shut-off element and the actuator in a rotatable manner. In addition, this can further increase the safety in the joint actuation of the shut-off element and actuator.
  • the construction can be further simplified if the drive has a drive shaft to which the shut-off element and actuator are attached.
  • a particularly safe joint actuation of the burn-back protection and the actuator can be ensured if the dimensions of the shut-off device, in particular its width, are designed in such a way that the burn-back protection is kept closed when the actuator is operated to adjust the air volume.
  • FIG. 1 an exemplary embodiment of a heating boiler 1 according to the invention is partially shown in a side view, which has a combustion chamber 2, a fuel supply 3 and an air supply 8.
  • the fuel supply 3 comprises - seen in the loading direction - a first burn-back protection 4.1, a subsequent intermediate container 5, a second burn-back protection 4.2 and an insertion screw 6 opening into the combustion chamber 2 to bring in the combustion chamber 2 - which is not shown.
  • the fuel supply 3 feeds the intermediate container 5 with fuel 7 via the first burn-back protection 4.1. Subsequently, fuel 7 is introduced into the combustion chamber 2 with the aid of the fuel supply 3, which fuel 7 is pyrolyzed, gasified and / or preferably burned in the boiler.
  • combustion air 9 is supplied to combustion chamber 2 via an air supply 8 with control / regulation of the air volume, that is to say with air volume adjustment.
  • the air supply 8 has a device 10 with a driven actuator 11, namely an air slide 11.1.
  • the first burn-back safety device 4.1 has a shut-off device 12, namely a slide 12.1
  • the second burn-back safety device 4.2 is designed, for example, as a rotary valve 13 - but this second burn-back safety device 4.2 can also have a slide, a flap, etc., which is not shown is.
  • the shut-off element 12, namely slide 12.1, of the first burn-back protection 4.1 is actuated - namely rotated - by a preferably electrical, in particular rotary, drive 14, preferably stepped drive, in order to open an entry opening 15 for the fuel 7 that opens into the intermediate container 5 or close.
  • the first burn-back protection 4.1 therefore interacts with the entry opening 15.
  • the intermediate container 5 can thus be filled with fuel 7 from a storage room (not shown in detail) via a line 22, preferably a connecting hose - with the aid of an indicated suction fan 23 on the boiler 1.
  • the drive 14, which moves the shut-off element 12 of the first burn-back protection 4.1 also drives the control element 11 of the air supply 8 to adjust the air volume.
  • the actuator 11 is therefore also actuated, namely rotated, by the drive 14.
  • the shut-off element 12 and the actuator 11 are attached to a drive shaft 14.1 of the drive 14. By rotating the drive shaft 14.1, the shut-off element 12 and the actuator 11 change their rotational position together.
  • the first burn-back protection 4.1 and the air supply 8 can be actuated with a single drive 14 or a control / regulation of the drive 14. This reduces the construction effort on the boiler 1. It also increases the functional reliability of the boiler 1. Irregularities have an effect on both components of the boiler 1 - namely on the first burn-back protection 4.1 and on the air supply 8 -, which makes them particularly can be recorded safely. If such a fault is detected, the boiler 1 can immediately be brought into a safe operating state or its start-up can be prevented. The boiler 1 according to the invention therefore has a high level of operational reliability. Furthermore, this results in a lower number of error points to be checked.
  • the air supply 8 with a primary air supply 8.1 and a secondary air supply 8.2 opens into the combustion chamber 2.
  • the primary air supply 8.1 opens through a grate 15 into the combustion chamber 2
  • the secondary air supply 8.2 opens into the combustion chamber 2 above the fuel 7 provided in the combustion chamber 2.
  • the device 10 for adjusting the amount of air is provided in the secondary air supply 8.2, as in FIG Fig. 1 to recognize.
  • the device 10 has an air box 16 with an inflow opening 17 and an outflow opening 18 for adjusting the amount of air.
  • the control element 11 interacts with the inflow opening 17 to adjust the amount of air, in that the control element 11 closes or opens the inflow opening 17, entirely or in certain areas, as required.
  • the actuator 11 interacts with the outflow opening 18 or with the outflow opening 18 and inflow opening 17 to adjust the amount of air.
  • the air box 16 is provided on the container cover 19 of the intermediate container 5 and is partially formed by this; in the exemplary embodiment this is its bottom wall.
  • the intermediate container 5 has a sensor 20 on its container cover 19 for determining the filling level in the intermediate container 5. This ensures the desired degree of filling of the intermediate container 5.
  • the shut-off element 12 of the burn-back protection 4.1 also has at least one protruding clearing element 21 on the side 12.1 facing away from the entry opening 5 in order to distribute the fuel 7 in the intermediate container 5.
  • the shut-off element 12 of the burn-back protection 4.1 has a width 12.2 which is increased compared to shut-off elements known from the prior art. This in order to close the burn-back protection 4.1 for fuel 7 over the entire adjustment path 24 or the entire arc length or the entire adjustment angle of the actuator 11 when setting the air volume keep. Inadvertent opening of the burn-back protection 4.1, for example when the boiler 1 is under load, cannot therefore occur.
  • Fig. 3 In addition, two different rotational positions of the actuator 11 and shut-off element 12 are shown. In the dashed rotational position 25, the burn-back protection 4.1 for fuel 7 is open. In the other rotational position 26, the burn-back protection 4.1 for fuel 7 is closed and the actuator 11 is set in a certain travel or angle 24 for setting the air volume.
  • the burn-back protection 4.1 opens and closes with the shut-off element 12 also a suction opening 27 in the intermediate container 5 for a return air line of the suction fan 23.
  • This suction opening 27 is shown in FIG Fig. 1 shown torn open in the air box 16, but is located outside the air box 16, as in FIG Fig. 3 to see.
  • the burn-back protection 4.1 is open for the suction of air from the intermediate container 5.
  • the burn-back protection 4.1 for the suction of air from the intermediate container 5 is closed.
  • the shut-off element 12 has an 8-shaped outer contour 12.3 in plan view, as shown in FIG Fig. 3 can be seen.
  • the air box 16 has a connection 28 for the, preferably external, combustion air 9 at the inflow opening 17.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Heizkessel zur Verbrennung von Brennstoff, insbesondere Pellets, mit einem Brennraum, mit einer Brennstoffzuführung zur Beschickung des Brennraums mit Brennstoff, wobei die Brennstoffzuführung einen Zwischenbehälter für den Brennstoff, eine Rückbrandsicherung mit einem Absperrorgan, insbesondere Schieber, und einen Antrieb zum Betätigung des Absperrorgans aufweist, und mit einer in den Brennraum mündenden Luftzuführung, die mindestens eine Einrichtung mit einem antreibbaren Stellorgan, insbesondere Luftschieber, zur Luftmengeneinstellung aufweist.The invention relates to a heating boiler for burning fuel, in particular pellets, with a combustion chamber, with a fuel feed for charging the combustion chamber with fuel, the fuel feed having an intermediate container for the fuel, a burn-back protection with a shut-off device, in particular a slide, and a drive for actuation of the shut-off element, and with an air supply which opens into the combustion chamber and which has at least one device with a drivable actuator, in particular an air slide, for adjusting the amount of air.

Einrichtungen am Heizkessel, und zwar sowohl zur Rückbandsicherung, als auch zur Luftführung von Verbrennungsluft, sind aus dem Stand der Technik ( DE202014104897U1 , US2007/0125281A1 , AT506970A4 ) bekannt.Devices on the boiler, both for securing backbones and for routing combustion air, are from the state of the art ( DE202014104897U1 , US2007 / 0125281A1 , AT506970A4 ) known.

So schützt die Rückbandsicherung des Heizkessels beispielsweise vor einer unerwünschten Brandentwicklung im, vom Brennraum ausgehenden Zwischenbehälter am Heizkessel und/oder im Lagerraum, welcher Lagerraum mit dem Zwischenbehälter des Heizkessels zu dessen Beschickung mit Brennstoff verbunden ist. Verschiedenste konstruktive Ausführungen der Absperrorgane von Rückbandsicherungen sind bekannt, beispielsweise aufweisend einen Schieber und einen Antrieb zur Betätigung des Schiebers, um eine Öffnung für Brennstoff zu verschließen bzw. zu öffnen.For example, the backbone protection of the boiler protects against undesired fire development in the intermediate container on the boiler and / or in the storage room, which is connected to the intermediate container of the boiler for charging it with fuel. A wide variety of structural designs of the shut-off devices of backbone safety devices are known, for example having a slide and a drive for actuating the slide in order to close or open an opening for fuel.

Zur Steuerung/Regelung der Verbrennung von Brennstoff im Heizkessel weisen diese bekanntermaßen betätigbare Stellorgane - beispielsweise Luftschieber - auf ( DE3903739A1 ), um damit die Luftmenge an Primärluft und/oder Sekundärluft und/oder Anheizluft bzw. allgemein Verbrennungsluft in den Brennraum einstellen zu können.To control / regulate the combustion of fuel in the boiler, they are known to have actuatable control elements - for example air slides ( DE3903739A1 ) in order to be able to adjust the amount of primary air and / or secondary air and / or heating air or, in general, combustion air in the combustion chamber.

Bekannte Heizkessel sind daher vergleichsweise komplex aufgebaut und bedürfen eines hohen Steuerung- bzw. Regelungsaufwands, was die funktionale Zuverlässigkeit des Heizkessels nachteilig beeinflussen kann.Known boilers therefore have a comparatively complex structure and require a high level of control and regulation effort, which can adversely affect the functional reliability of the boiler.

Ein Stand der Technik nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ist aus der DE202014104897U1 bekannt.A prior art according to the preamble of claim 1 is from DE202014104897U1 known.

Die Erfindung hat sich daher ausgehend vom eingangs geschilderten Heizkessel die Aufgabe gestellt, die Betriebssicherheit des Heizkessels zu verbessern. Zudem soll der konstruktive Aufwand am Heizkessel reduzieren werden.The invention has therefore set itself the task of improving the operational reliability of the boiler, based on the boiler described at the beginning. In addition, the design effort on the boiler should be reduced.

Die Erfindung löst die gestellte Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1.The invention solves the problem posed by the features of claim 1.

Betätigt der Antrieb der Rückbrandsicherung auch das Stellorgan der Einrichtung zur Luftmengeneinstellung, können durch den gemeinsamen Antrieb nicht nur der Konstruktionsaufwand sowie der Steuerungs- bzw. Regelungsaufwand am Heizkessel vermindert werden, auch die funktionale Zuverlässigkeit des Heizkessels ist dadurch erhöhbar. Durch die Kopplung von Rückbrandsicherung und Einrichtung zur Luftmengeneinstellung wirkt sich nämlich eine technische Störung auf beide Bereiche des Heizkessels aus, was Unregelmäßigkeiten am Heizkessel einfacher erkennen lässt. Beispielsweise ist es durch eine erkannte fehlerhafte Verbrennungsund Leistungsregelung am Heizkessels möglich, rückschließen, dass eventuell auch eine Störung an der Rückbrandsicherung besteht. Es ist also möglich, die Anzahl der Kontrollpunkte bei der Fehlersuche zu verringern. Durch die erfindungsgemäße antriebsseitige Kopplung zweier voneinander im Wesentlichen funktional unabhängiger Systeme am Heizkessel kann sich daher die Wartung vereinfachen bzw. Betriebssicherheit des Heizkessels insgesamt erhöhen - beispielsweise, indem bei Erkennen eines Fehlers der Heizkessel in einen sicheren Betriebszustand, wie beispielsweise dem Herunterfahren, versetzt wird.If the drive of the burn-back safety device also actuates the actuator of the device for adjusting the air volume, the common drive not only reduces the construction effort and the control and regulation effort on the boiler, it also increases the functional reliability of the boiler. By coupling the burn-back protection and the device for adjusting the air volume, a technical malfunction affects both areas of the boiler, which makes it easier to identify irregularities in the boiler. For example, when a faulty combustion and output control on the boiler is detected, it is possible to conclude that there may also be a fault in the burn-back protection. So it is possible to reduce the number of checkpoints when troubleshooting. The inventive coupling of two essentially functionally independent systems on the boiler according to the invention can simplify maintenance and increase the overall operational reliability of the boiler - for example, by putting the boiler into a safe operating state, such as shutdown, when a fault is detected.

Unregelmäßigkeiten am Heizkessel können insbesondere dann schnell erkannt werden, wenn das Stellorgan der Einrichtung zur Luftmengeneinstellung in der Sekundärluftzuführung der Luftzuführung vorgesehen ist. Eine fehlerhafte Einstellung/Regelung der Sekundärluftzuführung wirkt sich nämlich beispielsweise rasch auf eine Abgasmessung des Heizkessels aus, was eine vergleichsweise schnelle Überprüfung des Heizkessels auf funktionale Zuverlässigkeit ermöglichen kann. Vorzugsweise beschickt die Brennstoffzuführung über die Rückbrandsicherung den Zwischenbehälter mit Brennstoff. Bei Beschickung des Zwischenbehälters befindet sich nämlich der Heizkessel meist im Betriebszustand "ausgeschaltet", wodurch sich eine Störung auf den Betriebszustand "Anfahren" auswirkt bzw. dieser abgebrochen werden kann, bevor der Betriebszustands "Volllast" oder "Teillast" des Heizkessels erreicht wird. Die Betriebssicherheit des Heizkessels ist dadurch weiter erhöhbar.Irregularities in the boiler can be recognized quickly, in particular, if the control element of the device for setting the air volume is provided in the secondary air supply of the air supply. An incorrect setting / regulation of the secondary air supply has a rapid effect, for example, on an exhaust gas measurement of the boiler, which can enable a comparatively quick check of the boiler for functional reliability. The fuel supply preferably charges the intermediate container with fuel via the burn-back protection. When the intermediate container is being charged, the boiler is usually in the "switched off" operating state, which means that a malfunction affects the "start-up" operating state or it can be canceled before the "full load" or "partial load" operating state of the boiler is reached. The operational safety of the boiler can thereby be further increased.

Die Konstruktion kann zusätzlich vereinfacht werden, wenn der Zwischenbehälter eine Eintragungsöffnung für den Brennstoff aufweist und wenn das Absperrorgan mit der Eintragungsöffnung zu deren Öffnen oder Verschließen zusammenwirkt. Außerdem kann sich durch diese Position der Rückbrandsicherung die Zugänglichkeit erleichtern - was wiederum den Wartungs- und Reparaturaufwand am Heizkessel weiter reduzieren kann.The construction can also be simplified if the intermediate container has an entry opening for the fuel and if the shut-off element cooperates with the entry opening to open or close it. In addition, this position of the burn-back protection can facilitate accessibility - which in turn can further reduce maintenance and repair costs on the boiler.

Weist der Zwischenbehälter eine Saugöffnung für eine Rückluftleitung auf, und wirkt das Absperrorgan mit der Saugöffnung zu deren Öffnen oder Verschließen zusammen, kann dem Absperrorgan noch eine weitere Funktion in der Rückbrandsicherung zukommen. Dies vereinfacht unter anderem die Konstruktion weiter.If the intermediate container has a suction opening for a return air line, and if the shut-off element cooperates with the suction opening to open or close it, the shut-off element can have a further function in protecting against burn-back. Among other things, this further simplifies the construction.

Vorzugsweise weist das Absperrorgan in Draufsicht eine 8-förmige Außenkontur auf, um beide Funktionen standfest erfüllen zu können.The shut-off element preferably has an 8-shaped outer contour in plan view in order to be able to fulfill both functions in a stable manner.

Weitere Vereinfachungen können sich ergeben, wenn das Absperrorgan im Zwischenbehälter vorgesehen ist.Further simplifications can result if the shut-off device is provided in the intermediate container.

Weist das Absperrorgan auf der, der Eintragungsöffnung abgewandten Seite mindestens ein abstehendes Räumelement auf, ist die Funktionssicherheit der Rückbrandsicherung weiter erhöhbar. Beispielsweise ist mit Hilfe des Räumelements eine Beeinträchtigung der Funktion der Rückbrandsicherung vermeidbar.If the shut-off element has at least one protruding clearing element on the side facing away from the entry opening, the functional reliability of the burn-back protection can be further increased. For example, an impairment of the function of the burn-back protection can be avoided with the help of the clearing element.

Trägt der Zwischenbehälter die Einrichtung zur Luftmengeneinstellung, kann die Zugänglichkeit zum gemeinsamen Antrieb sowie den damit bewegten Elementen weiter erleichtert werden. Zudem ist es möglich, die Kompaktheit des Heizkessels durch die Nähe von Rückbrandsicherung und Einrichtung zur Luftmengeneinstellung zu erhöhen.If the intermediate container carries the device for adjusting the air volume, the accessibility to the common drive and the elements moving with it can be further facilitated. It is also possible to increase the compactness of the boiler through the proximity of the burn-back protection and the device for adjusting the air volume.

Weitere konstruktive Vereinfachungen können sich ergeben, wenn die Einrichtung zur Luftmengeneinstellung einen Luftkasten mit einer Einströmöffnung und einer Ausströmöffnung aufweist, wobei das Stellorgan mit der Einström- und/oder der Ausströmöffnung zur Luftmengeneinstellung zusammenwirkt.Further structural simplifications can result if the device for adjusting the air volume has an air box with an inflow opening and an outflow opening, the control element cooperating with the inflow and / or outflow opening for adjusting the air volume.

Bildet der Behälterdeckel des Zwischenbehälters den Luftkasten abschnittsweise aus, kann sich die Konstruktion des Heizkessels zusätzlich vereinfachen.If the container cover of the intermediate container forms the air box in sections, the construction of the boiler can be further simplified.

Die Konstruktionsverhältnisse können weiter vereinfacht werden, wenn der Antrieb das Absperrorgan und das Stellorgan drehbar betätigend ausgebildet ist. Zudem kann dies die Sicherheit in der gemeinsamen Betätigung von Absperrorgan und Stellorgan weiter erhöhen.The construction conditions can be further simplified if the drive is designed to operate the shut-off element and the actuator in a rotatable manner. In addition, this can further increase the safety in the joint actuation of the shut-off element and actuator.

Die Konstruktion ist weiter vereinfachbar, wenn der Antrieb eine Antriebswelle aufweist, an welcher Absperrorgan und Stellorgan befestigt sind.The construction can be further simplified if the drive has a drive shaft to which the shut-off element and actuator are attached.

Eine besonders sichere gemeinsame Betätigung von Rückbrandsicherung und Stellorgan kann gewährleistet werden, wenn das Absperrorgan in seinen Abmessungen, insbesondere in seiner Breite, derart ausgebildet ist, bei der Betätigung des Stellorgans zur Luftmengeneinstellung die Rückbrandsicherung geschlossen zu halten.A particularly safe joint actuation of the burn-back protection and the actuator can be ensured if the dimensions of the shut-off device, in particular its width, are designed in such a way that the burn-back protection is kept closed when the actuator is operated to adjust the air volume.

In den Figuren ist beispielsweise der Erfindungsgegenstand anhand einer Ausführungsvariante näher dargestellt. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
aufgerissene Seitenansicht auf einen teilweise dargestellten Heizkessel,
Fig. 2
eine vergrößerte Rückansicht auf einen Teil des Heizkessels nach Fig. 1 und
Fig. 3
eine schematische Funktionsansicht auf ein Stellorgan der Luftzuführung und auf ein Absperrorgan der Rückbrandsicherung des Heizkessels in Draufsicht nach den Figuren 1 und 2.
In the figures, for example, the subject matter of the invention is shown in greater detail on the basis of an embodiment variant. Show it
Fig. 1
Torn side view of a partially shown boiler,
Fig. 2
an enlarged rear view of part of the boiler according to Fig. 1 and
Fig. 3
a schematic functional view of an actuator of the air supply and of a shut-off device of the burn-back protection of the boiler in a plan view according to the Figures 1 and 2 .

Nach Fig. 1 ist in einer Seitenansicht ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizkessels 1 teilweise dargestellt, welcher einen Brennraum 2, eine Brennstoffzuführung 3 und eine Luftzuführung 8 aufweist.To Fig. 1 an exemplary embodiment of a heating boiler 1 according to the invention is partially shown in a side view, which has a combustion chamber 2, a fuel supply 3 and an air supply 8.

Die Brennstoffzuführung 3 umfasst - in Beschickungsrichtung gesehen - eine erste Rückbrandsicherung 4.1, einen nachfolgenden Zwischenbehälter 5, eine zweite Rückbrandsicherung 4.2 und eine in den Brennraum 2 mündende Einschubschnecke 6. Anstatt der Einschubschnecke 6 sind auch ein Fallrohr oder andere Einbringmittel denkbar, um Brennstoff 7 in den Brennraum 2 einzubringen - was nicht dargestellt ist.The fuel supply 3 comprises - seen in the loading direction - a first burn-back protection 4.1, a subsequent intermediate container 5, a second burn-back protection 4.2 and an insertion screw 6 opening into the combustion chamber 2 to bring in the combustion chamber 2 - which is not shown.

Die Brennstoffzuführung 3 beschickt über die erste Rückbrandsicherung 4.1 den Zwischenbehälter 5 mit Brennstoff 7. In weiterer Folge wird mit Hilfe der Brennstoffzuführung 3 Brennstoff 7 in den Brennraum 2 eingebracht, welcher Brennstoff 7 im Heizkessel pyrolysiert, vergast und/oder vorzugsweise verbrannt wird. Hierfür wird dem Brennraum 2 über eine Luftzuführung 8 Verbrennungsluft 9 unter Steuerung/Regelung der Luftmenge, also unter Luftmengeneinstellung, zugeführt. Hierzu weist die Luftzuführung 8 eine Einrichtung 10 mit einem angetriebenen Stellorgan 11, nämlich einen Luftschieber 11.1, auf.The fuel supply 3 feeds the intermediate container 5 with fuel 7 via the first burn-back protection 4.1. Subsequently, fuel 7 is introduced into the combustion chamber 2 with the aid of the fuel supply 3, which fuel 7 is pyrolyzed, gasified and / or preferably burned in the boiler. For this purpose, combustion air 9 is supplied to combustion chamber 2 via an air supply 8 with control / regulation of the air volume, that is to say with air volume adjustment. For this purpose, the air supply 8 has a device 10 with a driven actuator 11, namely an air slide 11.1.

Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel weist die erste Rückbrandsicherung 4.1 ein Absperrorgan 12, nämlich einen Schieber 12.1, auf, während die zweite Rückbrandsicherung 4.2 beispielswiese als Zellradschleuse 13 ausgebildet ist - diese zweite Rückbrandsicherung 4.2 kann aber ebenfalls einen Schieber, eine Klappe etc. aufweisen, was nicht dargestellt ist.In the illustrated embodiment, the first burn-back safety device 4.1 has a shut-off device 12, namely a slide 12.1, while the second burn-back safety device 4.2 is designed, for example, as a rotary valve 13 - but this second burn-back safety device 4.2 can also have a slide, a flap, etc., which is not shown is.

Das Absperrorgan 12, nämlich Schieber 12.1, der ersten Rückbrandsicherung 4.1 wird von einem, vorzugsweise elektrischen, insbesondere rotatorischen, Antrieb 14, vorzugsweise Schrittantrieb, betätigt - nämlich gedreht -, um eine in den Zwischenbehälter 5 einmündende Eintragungsöffnung 15 für den Brennstoff 7 zu öffnen oder zu schließen. Die erste Rückbrandsicherung 4.1 wirkt daher mit der Eintragungsöffnung 15 zusammen. Damit kann der Zwischenbehälter 5 mit Brennstoff 7 aus einem nicht näher dargestellten Lagerraum über eine Leitung 22, vorzugsweise einen Verbindungsschlauch, aufgefüllt werden - und zwar unter Zuhilfenahme eines angedeuteten Sauggebläses 23 am Heizkessel 1.The shut-off element 12, namely slide 12.1, of the first burn-back protection 4.1 is actuated - namely rotated - by a preferably electrical, in particular rotary, drive 14, preferably stepped drive, in order to open an entry opening 15 for the fuel 7 that opens into the intermediate container 5 or close. The first burn-back protection 4.1 therefore interacts with the entry opening 15. The intermediate container 5 can thus be filled with fuel 7 from a storage room (not shown in detail) via a line 22, preferably a connecting hose - with the aid of an indicated suction fan 23 on the boiler 1.

Wie der Fig. 2 insbesondere zu entnehmen, treibt der Antrieb 14, welcher das Absperrorgan 12 der ersten Rückbrandsicherung 4.1 bewegt, auch das Stellorgan 11 der Luftzuführung 8 zur Luftmengeneinstellung an. Das Stellorgan 11 wird daher auch durch den Antrieb 14 betätigt, nämlich gedreht. Hierzu sind Absperrorgan 12 und Stellorgan 11 an einer Antriebswelle 14.1 des Antriebs 14 befestigt. Durch Drehung der Antriebswelle 14.1 verändern Absperrorgan 12 und Stellorgan 11 ihre Drehlage gemeinsam.Again Fig. 2 In particular, it can be seen that the drive 14, which moves the shut-off element 12 of the first burn-back protection 4.1, also drives the control element 11 of the air supply 8 to adjust the air volume. The actuator 11 is therefore also actuated, namely rotated, by the drive 14. For this purpose, the shut-off element 12 and the actuator 11 are attached to a drive shaft 14.1 of the drive 14. By rotating the drive shaft 14.1, the shut-off element 12 and the actuator 11 change their rotational position together.

Damit können mit einem einzigen Antrieb 14 bzw. einer Steuerung/Regelung des Antriebs 14 die erste Rückbrandsicherung 4.1 und die Luftzuführung 8 betätigt werden. Dies reduziert den Konstruktionsaufwand am Heizkessel 1. Zudem erhöht dies aber auch die funktionale Zuverlässigkeit des Heizkessels 1. Unregelmäßigkeiten wirken sich nämlich auf beide Komponenten des Heizkessels 1 aus - und zwar auf die erste Rückbrandsicherung 4.1 und auf die Luftzuführung 8 -, womit diese auf besonders sichere Weise erfasst werden können. Wird solch eine Störung erkannt, kann der Heizkessel 1 sofort in einen sicheren Betriebszustand gebracht bzw. sein Anfahren verhindert werden. Der erfindungsgemäße Heizkessel 1 weist daher eine hohe Betriebssicherheit auf. Des Weiteren wird dadurch eine geringere Anzahl an zu überprüfenden Fehlerpunkten erreicht.In this way, the first burn-back protection 4.1 and the air supply 8 can be actuated with a single drive 14 or a control / regulation of the drive 14. This reduces the construction effort on the boiler 1. It also increases the functional reliability of the boiler 1. Irregularities have an effect on both components of the boiler 1 - namely on the first burn-back protection 4.1 and on the air supply 8 -, which makes them particularly can be recorded safely. If such a fault is detected, the boiler 1 can immediately be brought into a safe operating state or its start-up can be prevented. The boiler 1 according to the invention therefore has a high level of operational reliability. Furthermore, this results in a lower number of error points to be checked.

Wie zudem der Fig. 1 zu entnehmen, mündet die Luftzuführung 8 mit einer Primärluftzuführung 8.1 und einer Sekundärluftzuführung 8.2 in den Brennraum 2. Die Primärluftzuführung 8.1 mündet durch einen Rost 15 in den Brennraum 2, die Sekundärluftzuführung 8.2 mündet in den Brennraum 2 oberhalb des im Brennraum 2 vorgesehenen Brennstoffs 7.How also the Fig. 1 As can be seen, the air supply 8 with a primary air supply 8.1 and a secondary air supply 8.2 opens into the combustion chamber 2. The primary air supply 8.1 opens through a grate 15 into the combustion chamber 2, the secondary air supply 8.2 opens into the combustion chamber 2 above the fuel 7 provided in the combustion chamber 2.

Die Einrichtung 10 zur Luftmengeneinstellung ist in der Sekundärluftzuführung 8.2 vorgesehen, wie in Fig. 1 zu erkennen. Die Einrichtung 10 weist zur Luftmengeneinstellung einen Luftkasten 16 mit einer Einströmöffnung 17 und einer Ausströmöffnung 18 auf. Das Stellorgan 11 wirkt mit der Einströmöffnung 17 zur Luftmengeneinstellung zusammen, indem das Stellorgan 11 die Einströmöffnung 17 verschließt oder öffnet, je nach Bedarf ganz oder bereichsweise. Es ist aber genauso vorstellbar, dass das Stellorgan 11 mit der Ausströmöffnung 18 oder mit Ausströmöffnung 18 und Einströmöffnung 17 zur Luftmengeneinstellung zusammenwirkt. Der Luftkasten 16 ist am Behälterdeckel 19 des Zwischenbehälters 5 vorgesehen und wird von diesem teilweise ausgebildet, im Ausführungsbeispiel ist dies dessen Bodenwand.The device 10 for adjusting the amount of air is provided in the secondary air supply 8.2, as in FIG Fig. 1 to recognize. The device 10 has an air box 16 with an inflow opening 17 and an outflow opening 18 for adjusting the amount of air. The control element 11 interacts with the inflow opening 17 to adjust the amount of air, in that the control element 11 closes or opens the inflow opening 17, entirely or in certain areas, as required. However, it is just as conceivable that the actuator 11 interacts with the outflow opening 18 or with the outflow opening 18 and inflow opening 17 to adjust the amount of air. The air box 16 is provided on the container cover 19 of the intermediate container 5 and is partially formed by this; in the exemplary embodiment this is its bottom wall.

Zudem weist - wie in Fig. 2 und 3 ersichtlich - der Zwischenbehälter 5 an seinem Behälterdeckel 19 einen Sensor 20 zur Ermittlung der Füllhöhe im Zwischenbehälter 5 auf. Damit wird der gewünschte Befüllungsgrad des Zwischenbehälters 5 sichergestellt.In addition, as in Fig. 2 and 3 can be seen - the intermediate container 5 has a sensor 20 on its container cover 19 for determining the filling level in the intermediate container 5. This ensures the desired degree of filling of the intermediate container 5.

Das Absperrorgan 12 der Rückbrandsicherung 4.1 weist zudem auf der, der Eintragungsöffnung 5 abgewandten Seite 12.1 mindestens ein abstehendes Räumelement 21 auf, um den Brennstoff 7 im Zwischenbehälter 5 zu verteilen.The shut-off element 12 of the burn-back protection 4.1 also has at least one protruding clearing element 21 on the side 12.1 facing away from the entry opening 5 in order to distribute the fuel 7 in the intermediate container 5.

Wie insbesondere in Fig. 3 erkennbar, weist das Absperrorgan 12 der Rückbrandsicherung 4.1 eine Breite 12.2 auf, die gegenüber aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Absperrorganen erhöht ist. Dies, um über den gesamten Stellweg 24 bzw. die gesamte Bogenlänge bzw. den gesamten Stellwinkel des Stellorgans 11 bei der Luftmengeneinstellung die Rückbrandsicherung 4.1 für Brennstoff 7 geschlossen zu halten. Ein versehentliches Öffnen der Rückbrandsicherung 4.1 beispielsweise im Lastzustand des Heizkessels 1 kann daher nicht eintreten.As in particular in Fig. 3 As can be seen, the shut-off element 12 of the burn-back protection 4.1 has a width 12.2 which is increased compared to shut-off elements known from the prior art. This in order to close the burn-back protection 4.1 for fuel 7 over the entire adjustment path 24 or the entire arc length or the entire adjustment angle of the actuator 11 when setting the air volume keep. Inadvertent opening of the burn-back protection 4.1, for example when the boiler 1 is under load, cannot therefore occur.

In Fig. 3 sind zudem zwei unterschiedliche Drehlagen von Stellorgan 11 und Absperrorgan 12 dargestellt. In der strichlierten Drehlage 25 ist die Rückbrandsicherung 4.1 für Brennstoff 7 offen. In der anderen Drehlage 26 ist die Rückbrandsicherung 4.1 für Brennstoff 7 geschlossen und das Stellorgan 11 ist in einem bestimmten Stellweg bzw. -winkel 24 zur Luftmengeneinstellung eingestellt.In Fig. 3 In addition, two different rotational positions of the actuator 11 and shut-off element 12 are shown. In the dashed rotational position 25, the burn-back protection 4.1 for fuel 7 is open. In the other rotational position 26, the burn-back protection 4.1 for fuel 7 is closed and the actuator 11 is set in a certain travel or angle 24 for setting the air volume.

Wie zudem in den Figuren 2 und 3 zu erkennen, öffnet und schließt die Rückbrandsicherung 4.1 mit dem Absperrorgan 12 auch eine Saugöffnung 27 im Zwischenbehälter 5 für eine Rückluftleitung des Sauggebläses 23. Diese Saugöffnung 27 ist in Fig. 1 im Luftkasten 16 aufgerissen dargestellt, befindet sich jedoch außerhalb des Luftkastens 16, wie in Fig. 3 zu sehen.As also in the Figures 2 and 3 To see, the burn-back protection 4.1 opens and closes with the shut-off element 12 also a suction opening 27 in the intermediate container 5 for a return air line of the suction fan 23. This suction opening 27 is shown in FIG Fig. 1 shown torn open in the air box 16, but is located outside the air box 16, as in FIG Fig. 3 to see.

In strichlierten Drehlage 25 ist die Rückbrandsicherung 4.1 für die Absaugung von Luft aus dem Zwischenbehälter 5 offen. In der anderen Drehlage 26 ist die Rückbrandsicherung 4.1 für die Absaugung von Luft aus dem Zwischenbehälter 5 geschlossen. Das Absperrorgan 12 weist hierzu in Draufsicht einen 8-förmige Außenkontur 12.3 auf, wie dies in der Fig. 3 zu erkennen ist.In the dotted rotational position 25, the burn-back protection 4.1 is open for the suction of air from the intermediate container 5. In the other rotational position 26, the burn-back protection 4.1 for the suction of air from the intermediate container 5 is closed. For this purpose, the shut-off element 12 has an 8-shaped outer contour 12.3 in plan view, as shown in FIG Fig. 3 can be seen.

Zudem weist der Luftkasten 16 an der Einströmöffnung 17 einen Anschluss 28 für die, vorzugsweise externe, Verbrennungsluft 9 auf.In addition, the air box 16 has a connection 28 for the, preferably external, combustion air 9 at the inflow opening 17.

Claims (14)

  1. Boiler for the combustion of fuel (7), in particular pellets, having a combustion chamber (2), having a fuel feed (3) for charging the combustion chamber (2) with fuel (7), wherein the fuel feed (3) comprises an intermediate container (5) for the fuel (7), a burn-back safety device (4.1, 4.2) with a shut-off element (12), in particular slide valve (12. 1), and a drive (14) for actuating the shut-off element (12), and having an air supply (8) which opens into the combustion chamber (2) and comprises at least one device (10) with a drivable actuating element (11), in particular an air slide valve (11.1), for air quantity adjustment, characterized in that the drive (14) of the burn-back safety device (4.1) also actuates the actuating element (11) of the device (10) for the air quantity adjustment.
  2. Boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuating element (11) of the device (10) for air quantity adjustment is provided in the secondary air supply (8.2) of the air supply (8).
  3. Boiler according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fuel feed (3) feeds fuel (7) to the intermediate container (5) via the burn-back safety device (4.1).
  4. Boiler according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the intermediate container (5) comprises an inlet opening (15) for the fuel (7), and in that the shut-off element (12) interacts with the inlet opening (15) to open or close it.
  5. Boiler according to claim 4, characterized in that the intermediate container (5) comprises a suction opening (27) for a return air line, and in that the shut-off element (12) cooperates with the suction opening (27) to open or close it.
  6. Boiler according to claim 5, characterized in that the shut-off element (12) comprises an 8-shaped outer contour (12.3) in plan view.
  7. Boiler according to claim 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the shut-off element (12) is provided in the intermediate container (5).
  8. Boiler according to claim 7, characterized in that the shut-off element (12) comprises at least one projecting clearing element (21) on the side (12.1) facing away from the inlet opening (15).
  9. Boiler according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the intermediate container (5) carries the device (10) for air quantity adjustment.
  10. Boiler according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the device (10) for air quantity adjustment comprises an air box (16) with an inflow opening (17) and an outflow opening (18), wherein the actuating element (11) interacts with the inflow and/or the outflow opening (17, 18) for air quantity adjustment.
  11. Boiler according to claim 10, characterized in that a container cover (19) of the intermediate container (5) forms the air box (16) in sections.
  12. Boiler according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the drive (14) is designed to rotatably actuate the shut-off element (12) and the actuating element (11).
  13. Boiler according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the drive (14) comprises a drive shaft (14.1) to which the shut-off element (12) and the control element (11) are fastened.
  14. Boiler according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the shut-off element (12) is designed in its dimensions, in particular in its width (12.2), in such a way that when the actuating element (11) is actuated for air volume adjustment, the burn-back safety device (4.1) is kept closed.
EP18193313.6A 2018-09-07 2018-09-07 Boiler for burning fuel Active EP3620716B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18193313.6A EP3620716B1 (en) 2018-09-07 2018-09-07 Boiler for burning fuel
SI201830625T SI3620716T1 (en) 2018-09-07 2018-09-07 Boiler for burning fuel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18193313.6A EP3620716B1 (en) 2018-09-07 2018-09-07 Boiler for burning fuel

Publications (2)

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EP3620716A1 EP3620716A1 (en) 2020-03-11
EP3620716B1 true EP3620716B1 (en) 2022-01-05

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SI (1) SI3620716T1 (en)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT399572B (en) * 1988-02-09 1995-06-26 Karl Stefan Riener AIR SUPPLY CONTROL DEVICE FOR A HEATING DEVICE
US7739966B2 (en) * 2005-12-01 2010-06-22 Janfire Ab Device and method for the combustion of granular, solid fuel
AT506970B1 (en) * 2008-10-27 2010-01-15 Haas & Sohn Ofentechnik Gmbh CLEANING SYSTEM FOR AN OVEN
DE202014104897U1 (en) * 2014-10-14 2014-10-28 Lasco Heutechnik Gmbh Mobile solid fuel firing system

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EP3620716A1 (en) 2020-03-11

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