EP3619355A1 - Composite support and uses - Google Patents

Composite support and uses

Info

Publication number
EP3619355A1
EP3619355A1 EP18734858.6A EP18734858A EP3619355A1 EP 3619355 A1 EP3619355 A1 EP 3619355A1 EP 18734858 A EP18734858 A EP 18734858A EP 3619355 A1 EP3619355 A1 EP 3619355A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
copolymers
support
polymer
support according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18734858.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Céline ARNOLD
Eric BOEHM
Lola REMONGIN
Sabine Wenz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Senfa
Original Assignee
Senfa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Senfa filed Critical Senfa
Publication of EP3619355A1 publication Critical patent/EP3619355A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
    • D06P5/003—Transfer printing
    • D06P5/004—Transfer printing using subliming dyes
    • D06P5/005—Transfer printing using subliming dyes on resin-treated fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
    • D06P5/003—Transfer printing
    • D06P5/004—Transfer printing using subliming dyes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
    • B41M5/41—Base layers supports or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
    • B41M5/42—Intermediate, backcoat, or covering layers
    • B41M5/426—Intermediate, backcoat, or covering layers characterised by inorganic compounds, e.g. metals, metal salts, metal complexes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
    • B41M5/42—Intermediate, backcoat, or covering layers
    • B41M5/44—Intermediate, backcoat, or covering layers characterised by the macromolecular compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/46—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing natural macromolecular substances or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/46—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing natural macromolecular substances or derivatives thereof
    • D06P1/48—Derivatives of carbohydrates
    • D06P1/50—Derivatives of cellulose
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/52—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing synthetic macromolecular substances
    • D06P1/5207—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06P1/5214—Polymers of unsaturated compounds containing no COOH groups or functional derivatives thereof
    • D06P1/5221—Polymers of unsaturated hydrocarbons, e.g. polystyrene polyalkylene
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/52—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing synthetic macromolecular substances
    • D06P1/5207—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06P1/5214—Polymers of unsaturated compounds containing no COOH groups or functional derivatives thereof
    • D06P1/5228—Polyalkenyl alcohols, e.g. PVA
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/52—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing synthetic macromolecular substances
    • D06P1/5207—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06P1/5214—Polymers of unsaturated compounds containing no COOH groups or functional derivatives thereof
    • D06P1/5242—Polymers of unsaturated N-containing compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/52—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing synthetic macromolecular substances
    • D06P1/5264—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
    • D06P1/5278—Polyamides; Polyimides; Polylactames; Polyalkyleneimines
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/52—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing synthetic macromolecular substances
    • D06P1/5264—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
    • D06P1/5285—Polyurethanes; Polyurea; Polyguanides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M2205/00—Printing methods or features related to printing methods; Location or type of the layers
    • B41M2205/32—Thermal receivers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M2205/00—Printing methods or features related to printing methods; Location or type of the layers
    • B41M2205/38—Intermediate layers; Layers between substrate and imaging layer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a support for the production, in particular, of printed and / or dyed visuals intended for communication, such as posters, backlit panels, flags, banners, but also printed and / or dyed upholstered textiles. as curtains, wall coverings, walls and ceilings stretched.
  • Digital printing has supplanted traditional printing methods, especially screen printing or offset printing techniques, making it much faster and more flexible and therefore more cost-effective to print any type of printing. support, of any size, and to obtain a superior print quality.
  • the digital printing with sublimable dyes which is of interest according to the invention, is a printing technique mainly dedicated to textile printing and which implements aqueous inks.
  • This technology consists in transforming, under the effect of the heat, the dyes in gas and to make penetrate them in the fibers of the support.
  • the textile retains all of its characteristics and the impression obtained by this color at heart is very resistant to water, mechanical stress, UV, among others. It allows a perfect reproduction and brightness of the colors, a reproduction of the images in high definition, as well as an impression encrusted in the fibers of the support.
  • This printing method uses non-polluting and non-harmful inks, which emit neither odors nor VOCs.
  • ink according to the invention is meant an aqueous dispersion of dyes, which may include any additive and any suitable vehicle, and suitable for digital printing with sublimable dyes, thus having heat-resistant properties.
  • dyeing is meant an aqueous dispersion of dyes, which may include any suitable additive and vehicle, and suitable for dye sublimation dyeing.
  • Digital printing with sublimable dyes can be operated in two modes, transfer printing or direct printing.
  • Transfer printing involves an intermediate printing step on a heat-resistant transfer paper in the form of an inverted image. The image is then transferred, by hot pressing, from the paper to the textile support.
  • Direct printing involves depositing the ink directly on the support and then drying the ink to remove the aqueous solvent.
  • a sublimation step is then carried out at a temperature of 160 to 200 ° C, on a heating belt radiator for transfer and direct printing, and on a heating cylinder or under an infrared ramp or by convection of hot air for direct printing, resulting in the durable fixation of ink dyes in the media.
  • the use of coated media can be problematic because the coating can stick to the calender and generate, in this, defects in the image.
  • Direct printing has the disadvantage of a risk of spreading the ink before drying, so the support is subjected to a pretreatment to retain the ink at the place where it was deposited.
  • the printer has support coils for example textile to print, white, neutral or transparent. Depending on whether the media is pretreated or not and depending on its printer fleet, it opts for direct printing or transfer printing. The media thus printed are then packaged and shipped.
  • EP1102682B1 relates to a transfer paper for textile printing, which in order to improve the dye transfer efficiency from the paper to the textile, has on the face of the paper to be printed a so-called barrier layer which makes it possible to avoid spreading the deposited ink and increase the transfer efficiency.
  • This layer is made of a polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose, alginate and / or gelatin.
  • EP2457737A1 discloses a composite support for offset printing whose resistance to water and dust is enhanced.
  • the composite support comprises a layer on one and / or the other of the faces of which a layer based on porous pigments, a latex-type polymer dispersion and a vinyl alcohol copolymer and alkylene is deposited.
  • US7320825B2 discloses a composite material intended for the manufacture of containers, for example foodstuffs, and having a resistance to greasy media. It comprises three layers, a bottom layer of paper, an intermediate layer of a film-forming polymer devoid of any filler and a top layer of a film-forming polymer incorporating a lamellar mineral filler. This material therefore has a seal against grease, but is not suitable for printing or dyeing according to the invention.
  • the visuals are rolled on a cardboard tube or with a protective paper. But, to limit the constraints and save material and transport costs, the visuals are usually shipped folded in an envelope, without protective paper between the folds. In these conditions of contact thicknesses between them, a dye migration phenomenon is observed from the printed side of the support through the support to reach the other thicknesses. This so-called ghost phenomenon greatly affects the quality of the image, especially when the poster is intended to be backlit, colors and ghost patterns appearing in the lightest areas, and mixtures of dark shades in light occurring.
  • the support is generally coated, in order to give it resistance for example to climatic conditions such as water, UV light, if it is intended for outdoor display, or by anti-stain treatment flame retardant or any other treatment including to improve the optical qualities of the support after printing.
  • the presence of this coating reinforces the problem of the aforementioned packaging because the coatings facilitate the migration of dyes.
  • the coated textile support is more efficient, in terms of both print quality and light transmission, so it represents an economically more advantageous solution, but this solution faces the problem of the ghost image.
  • the invention provides a solution to this problem with a composite support which after printing can be packaged in a folded form without fearing the ghosting phenomenon.
  • the composite support of the invention comprises a web that can be printed or tinted with sublimable dyes, this web being pretreated or not, a flexible polymer layer and a hydrophilic polymer film.
  • the combination of the flexible polymer layer and the hydrophilic and film-forming polymer layer forms a perfectly impermeable barrier to dyes, thus preventing their migration, while maintaining the properties of the support alone, and in particular its flexibility.
  • the composite support of the invention does not stick to the hot shell during the sublimation step, which is an additional advantage over known supports.
  • the composite support of the invention comprises at least three layers: a first layer or sheet of a material that can be printed or dyed by sublimable dyes, which has two faces, the upper one which will be the one on which the the inks will be deposited and which will therefore be the printed side or that is tinted, the other bottom which is in contact, direct or indirect, with a second layer or flexible polymer layer.
  • This second layer also has two faces, one upper facing the lower face of the sheet and the other lower in contact, direct or indirect, with the third layer or film of hydrophilic polymer.
  • the support of the invention advantageously meets the following characteristics, considered alone or in combination.
  • the hydrophilic and film-forming polymer of the third layer is chosen from vinyl alcohol polymers, vinyl alcohol and alkylene copolymers, such as copolymers of vinyl alcohol and ethylene, carboxymethylcelluloses, hydroxypropylcelluloses and alginates. , gelatins, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyethyleneimines and copolymers comprising at least one of the monomers chosen from vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol and ethylene, and any mixture of these polymers and copolymers.
  • the second layer has a solid structure such as a film or honeycomb structure such as a foam.
  • the second layer comprises at least one polymer or copolymer chosen from polyurethanes (PU), acrylic polymers and copolymers, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) and copolymers of vinylidene chloride, and any mixture of these polymers and copolymers.
  • PU polyurethanes
  • PVDC polyvinylidene chloride
  • PVC polyvinyl acetate
  • the second layer comprises at least one additive such as an additive selected from a flame retardant additive, a rheological additive such as a thickener, a surfactant, a brightening additive, and / or at least one filler and / or at least one pigment.
  • an additive such as an additive selected from a flame retardant additive, a rheological additive such as a thickener, a surfactant, a brightening additive, and / or at least one filler and / or at least one pigment.
  • the proportion of the polymer or copolymer in the second layer is at least 20% (m / m) and at most 99% (m / m), m / m being the weight of polymer or copolymer relative to the mass. of the second layer.
  • the second layer has a thickness of at least 5 ⁇ , preferably at least 7 ⁇ and / or at most 30 ⁇ , preferably at most 15 ⁇ .
  • the second layer has a basis weight of between 10 and 100 g / m 2 , preferably between 50 and 70 g / m 2 .
  • the first layer is a fibrous or non-fibrous material, printable or made printable and / or printed and / or dyed, said material being chosen from any polymer, any copolymer, any mixture of polymers and / or copolymers, of natural origin or synthetic.
  • the material of the first layer is chosen from polyesters, polyamides, mixtures of these polymers, but also mixtures of these polymers with other polymers or copolymers or materials such as cotton, which can not be printed with sublimable dyes.
  • the material of the first layer is textile, woven or nonwoven, knitted, or a mixture of woven, nonwoven and / or knitted.
  • the textile is a polyester woven fabric.
  • the first layer is pretreated with a direct printing preparation primer or a coating.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a composite support of the invention, said method comprising the following steps:
  • first layer or web as described above treated or not, having an upper face that will be printed or is dyed with sublimable dyes, is applied to the underside of the first layer a watery polymer paste by any technique known to those skilled in the art, to obtain after drying a second layer or flexible polymer layer as defined above, having an upper face adhering to the underside of the first layer, and a lower face,
  • a solution of a hydrophilic film-forming polymer is applied to the lower face of the second layer to obtain a third layer as defined above.
  • the invention also relates to the uses of a composite support as described above.
  • a composite support can indeed be dyed or intended to be printed by digital printing with sublimable dyes.
  • layer or treated or pre-treated material is meant a layer or material which has undergone one or more operations, generally by exposure to one or more chemical and / or physical agents, in order to impart to that layer or material one or more properties that she / he does not have, to reinforce or on the contrary to diminish one or properties that she / he owns.
  • any treatment of a layer intended to be printed for example by direct printing, as well as any treatment of a layer to give it fire-retardant properties, optical properties, acoustic properties.
  • the treatment agents of course depend on the expected printing or dyeing qualities and performance of the desired layer or material and are implemented by conventional techniques, for example of the coating type. or impregnation.
  • flexible polymer layer is meant a layer which mainly comprises one or more polymers having a glass transition temperature, Tg, of less than 0 ° C., this temperature being measured by any technique known to those skilled in the art, such as the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) method.
  • Tg glass transition temperature
  • DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
  • film-forming polymer means a polymer which, after application in the form of a solution or dispersion, forms on the layer to which it is applied a continuous and adherent film.
  • Figure 1 shows in section a composite support 1 for transfer printing with sublimable dyes. It comprises a first layer 2 made of an unprocessed polyester fabric, a second layer 3, for example a flame-retardant foam and a third layer 4 made of a vinyl alcohol polymer.
  • Figure 2 shows in section a composite support 1 for direct printing with sublimable dyes. It comprises a first layer 2 of a polyester fabric pretreated with a direct printing preparation primer, a second layer 3 for example of a fireproof foam and a third layer 4 of a vinyl alcohol polymer.
  • the web 2 is made of a material that can be printed by sublimation.
  • This material may be fibrous, in the form of longer or shorter fibers, such as a textile, or non-fibrous. It can be chosen from any polymer, any copolymer, any mixture of polymers and / or copolymers, of natural or synthetic origin, printable or made printable. Advantageously, it is chosen from polyesters, polyamides, mixtures of these polymers, but also mixtures of these polymers with other polymers or copolymers or materials such as cotton, which can not be printed with sublimable dyes. If it is textile, it can be woven or non-woven, knitted, or a mixture of woven, non-woven and / or knitted. Preferably, the material is a polyester fiber textile and more preferably it is a polyester woven fabric.
  • the web 2 may comprise a flame retardant which is distributed in the polymer (s) of which a or both faces 5,6 of the web 2 have been coated.
  • the upper face 5 of the sheet 2 may have undergone a pretreatment especially for direct printing, and this in order to avoid the diffusion of the ink deposited on the sheet.
  • Pretreatment products are commercially available and include the following: the product Thermacol ® MP (marketed by Huntsman), the product AboPrint FX (marketed by Bodewes Material Solutions) and the product Luprejet HD (marketed by BASF). They are applied by padding, spray, etching, slot-die, scraping and any other technique known to those skilled in the art.
  • the lower face 6 can also be treated to improve the adhesion of the second layer.
  • Any treatment of the lower face 6 of the web 2 may further prevent the polymer layer from passing through the first layer 2 during its deposition.
  • the first layer or ply 2 has a thickness of at least 20 ⁇ .
  • the flexible polymer layer 3 is made from any polymer, copolymer or mixture of polymers and / or copolymers, chemically and physically compatible with the first 2 and third 4 layers, capable of adhering to the first 2 and third 4 layers and not substantially affecting the flexibility of the first layer 2. It advantageously has a foamed foam structure, it may also have a solid structure, for example film type. It preferably comprises at least one polymer or a copolymer chosen from polyurethanes (PU), polymers and copolymers obtained from monomers of which at least one is chosen from acrylic, styrene, butadiene, acrylonitrile, vinylic and ethylene monomers.
  • PU polyurethanes
  • PVDC polyvinylidene chloride
  • PVAC polyvinyl acetate
  • Such polymers are commercially available, as examples of commercial polymers include the following: Plextol DV 245 (Synthomer) Texicryl 13-500 (Scott Bader) APPRETAN ® E4250 (Archroma) APPRETAN ® N52281 (Archroma), Primal E 941 P (Dow), Encor ® 1103 (Arkema), Encor ® 1220 (Arkema), Hystretch ® 7318 (Lubrizol) to the acrylic (co) polymers, Roiflex SW3 (Lamberti), Roiflex BZ 78 ( Lamberti), Lurapret ® NDPS (Archroma) for polyurethanes, Acronal ® S 560 (BASF) as acrylate, styrene and acrylonit
  • It may also comprise at least one additive, for example one or more additives chosen from flame retardant additives, rheological additives such as a thickener, surfactants, brightening additives. It may also comprise at least one filler and / or at least one pigment.
  • the flexible polymer layer 3 preferably contains flame retardant additives or flame retardants.
  • additives may be chosen from organic phosphates such as melamine polyphosphate, inorganic phosphates such as ammonium polyphosphate, phosphonates, phosphinates, metal hydroxides, such as aluminum trihydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, antimony oxides such as antimony trioxide, stannates such as zinc stannate and zinc hydroxystannate, borates such as zinc borate, melamine derivatives such as melamine cyanurate, halogenated derivatives such as polybrominated diphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polybrominated diphenylethanes such as decabromodiphenylethane.
  • the flame retardant properties must reach a level Ml according to the French standard NF P92-507 and Bl according to the German standard. DIN 4102, these standards being given as an indication, it being understood that any other standard in force depending on the country of use may be used as a reference.
  • the second layer 3 advantageously comprises at least one filler and / or at least one pigment.
  • the filler is chosen from among clear materials such as calcium carbonate and silica. It can also be chosen from all natural or synthetic white pigments, such as certain metal oxides, for example titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, or like lithopone, which will provide optical properties and which may furthermore fulfill the function charge.
  • the second flexible polymer layer 3 is, according to a preferred variant, a foam. Indeed, it will make it possible to facilitate the escape of gases, in particular during the sublimation of the dyes, but also to optimize the diffusion of light, in particular when the composite support of the invention is intended for printing. backlit posters.
  • the refining time of the foam which makes it possible to control the size and the distribution of the cells in the foam is between 1 and 2 minutes, preferably 2 minutes.
  • this foam must ensure optimum light diffusion precisely in the case of backlit supports, the light transmission preferably being between 20% and 50% and preferably between 30-35%, when measured according to a method adapted from standard NF G07-162.
  • this second layer 3 preferably has a thickness of at least 5 ⁇ , preferably at least 7 ⁇ and / or at most 30 ⁇ , preferably at most 15 ⁇ .
  • the second layer 3 has in the wet state a density of at least 150 g / l, preferably at least 200 g / l and / or at most 350 g / l, preferably at most 220 g / l. Above 350 g / L, the support loses its flexibility, and below 200 g / L, the barrier effect of the combination of second and third 3 layer 3 is lessened.
  • the proportion of the polymer (s) and / or the copolymer (s) is advantageously at least 20% (m / m) by mass relative to the mass. of the layer and at most 99% (m / m) by mass relative to the mass of the layer.
  • the second layer comprises at least one filler and one or more appropriate additives.
  • the second layer 3 is generally obtained from an aqueous phase polymer composition in the form of a paste or foam which is applied to the underside of the textile by any technique making it possible to obtain a homogeneous layer which has a smooth underside, so that the third layer 4 can be applied thereto.
  • the foam layer is applied by scraping on a cylinder.
  • This second layer has a basis weight of between 10 and 100 g / m 2 , preferably between 50 and 70 g / m 2 .
  • hydrophilic polymer film or hydrophilic and film-forming polymer layer 4
  • the combination of the second layer 3 and the third layer 4 constitutes a barrier to any migration of dyes.
  • the third layer 4 is made of a hydrophilic and film-forming polymer which can be chosen from vinyl alcohol polymers, copolymers of vinyl alcohol and alkylene such as copolymers of vinyl alcohol and ethylene, carboxymethylcelluloses, hydroxypropylcelluloses, alginates, gelatins, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyethyleneimines and copolymers comprising at least one monomer selected from acetate vinyl, vinyl alcohol and ethylene, and any mixture of these polymers and copolymers.
  • vinyl alcohol polymers copolymers of vinyl alcohol and alkylene such as copolymers of vinyl alcohol and ethylene, carboxymethylcelluloses, hydroxypropylcelluloses, alginates, gelatins, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyethyleneimines and copolymers comprising at least one monomer selected from acetate vinyl, vinyl alcohol and ethylene, and any mixture of these polymers and copolymers.
  • the polymer of this third layer 4 is chosen from polyvinyl alcohols, preferably having at least 50% [-CH 2 -CH (-OH) -] units, advantageously at least 90% or at least 95% and more preferably at least 98%, and copolymers of vinyl alcohol and alkylene such as copolymers of vinyl alcohol and ethylene.
  • Such polymers are available in the trade as the following products: JP18 (Japan Vam & Poval) JC33 (Japan Vam & Poval) Alcotex 72.5 (Synthomer) Poval ® B33 (Denka), Poval ® 28-99 (Kuraray), Poval ® 56- 98 (Kuraray), Poval ® 15-99 (Kuraray), Selvol ® 325 (Sekisui), Exceval ® HR-3010 (Kuraray). Of course, any other PVA having the same physico-chemical characteristics is suitable.
  • the polymer and in particular the vinyl alcohol polymer is deposited from an aqueous solution having a dry extract (ES) in said polymer of between 1 and 50%, preferably between 5 and 10% (m / m); the lower limit corresponds to the minimum amount to obtain a barrier effect and the upper limit corresponds to the maximum amount to maintain the flexibility of the support and its permeability.
  • ES dry extract
  • the chosen PVA has a molar mass which makes it possible, for a 5-10% ES, to have a viscosity adapted to the deposition process. Any other PVA that satisfies this characteristic may be suitable for this scraping type of application in the air. It is up to the skills of a person skilled in the art to incorporate any additive necessary for the implementation of the application process or facilitating it. Thus, in view of an optimal result, the air scrape application method requires additives of spreading type to improve the quality of the film, and possibly drying retarding agents.
  • This third layer 4 is deposited by scraping in the air with squeegee profiles having a diameter of between 2 and 20 mm and having a surface state to deposit the desired amount without defects in appearance and function.
  • Any other deposition technique (engraving, slot-die, spray, kiss-roll and other techniques known to those skilled in the art, making it possible to deposit the desired quantity without defects in appearance and function can be used and may cause the possibility of or the need to use a different grade of PVA in terms of molar mass.
  • the composite support 1 also has a certain permeability to air, to allow the escape of the gases released during the sublimation step; therefore, a permeability greater than 0.5 L / m 2 / s under a pressure difference of 2500 Pa is preferred.
  • the manufacture of a support as described above comprises the following steps:
  • a polymer aqueous paste is applied to the lower face 6 of the first layer 2, to obtain, after drying, a second flexible polymer layer or layer 3 having an upper face 7 adhering to the lower face 6 of the first layer 2, and one face lower 8, and A solution of a hydrophilic film-forming polymer is applied to the lower face 8 of the second layer 3 to obtain a third layer 4.
  • Example 1 It is illustrated in Example 1 which follows and the anti-migration properties of the composite support thus obtained are highlighted in Example 2, with reference to Figures 3, 4 and 5 below:
  • FIG. 3 represents a stack of supports comprising a composite support of the invention, for the purposes of the anti-migration test.
  • FIG. 4 represents a folding in two of the stack of FIG. 3.
  • Figure 5 shows what is observed after unfolding the folded stack of Figure 4 having undergone accelerated aging in an oven.
  • textile web 2 made of woven polyester fibers having a basis weight of 63 g / m 2 and intended for transfer printing with sublimable dyes.
  • the polymer paste is prepared by dispersion in aqueous phase with mechanical stirring as follows: Dispersion of charges in the presence of appropriate additives
  • This composition is applied to the lower layer 8 of the second layer 3 and then dried.
  • textile web 2 of woven polyester fibers having a basis weight of 80 g / m 2 and intended for transfer printing with sublimable dyes.
  • the polymer paste is prepared by dispersion in aqueous phase with mechanical stirring as follows:
  • composition 1 a solution of vinyl alcohol polymer is prepared from the ingredients mentioned in the following Table 4, according to two different compositions (Composition 1 and Composition 2): Table 4
  • compositions are then each applied to a lower layer 8 of the second layer 3 and then dried to obtain two composite supports of the invention, one of which the second layer 3 is treated with the composition 1, the other of which the second layer is treated with the composition 2.
  • a stack of supports is obtained which is obtained by superposing from the bottom to the top of the three following support samples:
  • a composite support 1 of the invention as described in Example 1 not printed comprising from the bottom to the top of this stack, a first layer or web 2 of woven polyester, a second layer or flexible polymer layer 3 and a third hydrophilic and film-forming layer or layer 4.
  • a composite support 1 of the invention as described in Example 1 comprising from the bottom to the top of this stack, a third or hydrophilic and film-forming polymer layer 4, a second or flexible polymer layer 3 and a first layer or web 2 of woven polyester, said support 1 having been printed with sublimable dyes 10; and a support 13 having a first layer or web 2 of woven polyester to which a coating 11 has been applied, the coating having flame retardant and optical properties;
  • FIG. 4 the stack of FIG. 3 is folded in two, and this arrangement is placed in an oven at 50 ° C. for 4 days between two plates 12 of stainless steel under pressure.
  • the various stacked layers are shown without contact with each other, in the reality of the test, they are of course in contact.
  • control stack not shown in the figures, constituted from the bottom to the top as follows:
  • This control stack with a support orientation identical to that shown in Figure 3, is folded in half and subjected to the same accelerated aging in an oven.
  • the two folded and processed stacks are unfolded and the observation thereof is illustrated in FIG.
  • the left side relates to the control stack and the right part relates to the stack of Figures 3 and 4;
  • the upper part concerns the printed supports (in the center of the stacks) control stacks (support 13 printed) and test (printed support 1) after accelerated aging and unfolding;
  • the lower part concerns the control media (support 13) or composite (support 1), located at the bottom of the control stacks (support 13) and test (support 1) after accelerated aging and unfolding.
  • a ghost image is observed on the lower left, which results from a migration of the dyes, whereas on the lower right part, the support remained virgin demonstrating the effectiveness of the barrier function of the combination of the second and third layers, preventing the migration of dyes through the support.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a composite support comprising a first layer or sheet made from a printable or dyed material, a second layer or flexible polymer layer, and a third layer made from a hydrophilic and film-forming polymer, and to the uses of such a support, in particular in digital printing or in dyeing with subliming dyes.

Description

SUPPORT COMPOSITE ET UTILISATIONS  COMPOSITE SUPPORT AND USES
L'invention concerne un support pour la réalisation notamment de visuels imprimés et/ou teints, destinés à la communication, tels qu'affiches, panneaux rétro- éclairés, drapeaux, banderoles, mais aussi de textiles d'ameublement imprimés et/ou teints tels que rideaux, revêtements muraux, murs et plafonds tendus. The invention relates to a support for the production, in particular, of printed and / or dyed visuals intended for communication, such as posters, backlit panels, flags, banners, but also printed and / or dyed upholstered textiles. as curtains, wall coverings, walls and ceilings stretched.
L'impression numérique a supplanté les méthodes traditionnelles d'impression et en particulier les techniques d'impression sérigraphique ou d'impression offset, permettant, avec des procédés beaucoup plus rapides et plus flexibles, et donc plus rentables, d'imprimer tout type de support, de toute dimension, et d'obtenir une qualité supérieure d'impression.  Digital printing has supplanted traditional printing methods, especially screen printing or offset printing techniques, making it much faster and more flexible and therefore more cost-effective to print any type of printing. support, of any size, and to obtain a superior print quality.
L'impression numérique avec des colorants sublimables à laquelle on s'intéresse selon l'invention, est une technique d'impression principalement dédiée à l'impression de textile et qui met en œuvre des encres aqueuses. Cette technologie consiste à transformer, sous l'effet de la chaleur, les colorants en gaz et à faire pénétrer ceux-ci dans les fibres du support. Le textile conserve l'ensemble de ses caractéristiques et l'impression obtenue par cette teinte à cœur est très résistante à l'eau, aux contraintes mécaniques, aux UV, entre autres. Elle permet une parfaite restitution et luminosité des couleurs, une reproduction des images en haute définition, ainsi qu'une impression incrustée dans les fibres du support. Cette méthode d'impression recourt à des encres non polluantes et non nocives, qui ne dégagent ni odeurs, ni COVs.  The digital printing with sublimable dyes which is of interest according to the invention, is a printing technique mainly dedicated to textile printing and which implements aqueous inks. This technology consists in transforming, under the effect of the heat, the dyes in gas and to make penetrate them in the fibers of the support. The textile retains all of its characteristics and the impression obtained by this color at heart is very resistant to water, mechanical stress, UV, among others. It allows a perfect reproduction and brightness of the colors, a reproduction of the images in high definition, as well as an impression encrusted in the fibers of the support. This printing method uses non-polluting and non-harmful inks, which emit neither odors nor VOCs.
Par encre selon l'invention, on entend une dispersion aqueuse de colorants, pouvant comprendre tout additif et tout véhicule appropriés, et adaptée à l'impression numérique avec des colorants sublimables, présentant donc des propriétés thermorésistantes. Par teinture, on entend une dispersion aqueuse de colorants, pouvant comprendre tout additif et tout véhicule appropriés, et adaptée à la teinture par sublimation de colorants.  By ink according to the invention is meant an aqueous dispersion of dyes, which may include any additive and any suitable vehicle, and suitable for digital printing with sublimable dyes, thus having heat-resistant properties. By dyeing is meant an aqueous dispersion of dyes, which may include any suitable additive and vehicle, and suitable for dye sublimation dyeing.
L'impression numérique avec des colorants sublimables peut être opérée selon deux modes, par impression transfert ou par impression directe. L'impression transfert implique une étape intermédiaire d'impression sur un papier de transfert résistant à la chaleur sous forme d'une image inversée. L'image est ensuite transférée, par pression à chaud, du papier au support textile. L'impression directe consiste à déposer l'encre directement sur le support, puis à sécher l'encre pour éliminer le solvant aqueux. Dans les deux cas, une étape de sublimation est ensuite effectuée à une température de 160 à 200°C, sur une calandre chauffante à tapis pour les impressions transfert et directe, et sur un cylindre chauffant ou sous une rampe infrarouge ou par convection d'air chaud pour l'impression directe, entraînant la fixation durable des colorants de l'encre dans le support. Lors de cette étape, l'utilisation de supports enduits peut poser problème car l'enduction peut coller à la calandre et générer, en cela, des défauts dans l'image. L'impression directe présente l'inconvénient d'un risque de l'étalement de l'encre avant séchage, aussi le support est soumis à un prétraitement permettant de retenir l'encre à l'endroit où elle a été déposée. Digital printing with sublimable dyes can be operated in two modes, transfer printing or direct printing. Transfer printing involves an intermediate printing step on a heat-resistant transfer paper in the form of an inverted image. The image is then transferred, by hot pressing, from the paper to the textile support. Direct printing involves depositing the ink directly on the support and then drying the ink to remove the aqueous solvent. In both cases, a sublimation step is then carried out at a temperature of 160 to 200 ° C, on a heating belt radiator for transfer and direct printing, and on a heating cylinder or under an infrared ramp or by convection of hot air for direct printing, resulting in the durable fixation of ink dyes in the media. During this step, the use of coated media can be problematic because the coating can stick to the calender and generate, in this, defects in the image. Direct printing has the disadvantage of a risk of spreading the ink before drying, so the support is subjected to a pretreatment to retain the ink at the place where it was deposited.
L'imprimeur dispose de bobines de support par exemple textile à imprimer, de couleur blanche, neutre ou transparente. Selon que le support est prétraité ou non et en fonction de son parc d'imprimantes, il opte pour l'impression directe ou l'impression transfert. Les supports ainsi imprimés sont ensuite conditionnés et expédiés.  The printer has support coils for example textile to print, white, neutral or transparent. Depending on whether the media is pretreated or not and depending on its printer fleet, it opts for direct printing or transfer printing. The media thus printed are then packaged and shipped.
Le document EP1102682B1 concerne un papier de transfert pour l'impression de textile, qui en vue d'améliorer le rendement de transfert de colorant depuis le papier sur le textile, comporte sur la face du papier à imprimer une couche dite barrière qui permet d'éviter l'étalement de l'encre déposée et d'accroître l'efficacité du transfert. Cette couche est en un polymère tel qu'un alcool polyvinylique, une carboxyméthylcellulose, un alginate et/ou une gélatine.  EP1102682B1 relates to a transfer paper for textile printing, which in order to improve the dye transfer efficiency from the paper to the textile, has on the face of the paper to be printed a so-called barrier layer which makes it possible to avoid spreading the deposited ink and increase the transfer efficiency. This layer is made of a polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose, alginate and / or gelatin.
Le document EP2457737A1 divulgue un support composite pour impression offset dont la résistance l'eau et à la poussière est renforcée. A cet effet, le support composite comporte une couche sur l'une et/ou l'autre des faces de laquelle une couche à base de pigments poreux, d'une dispersion polymère particulaire de type latex et d'un copolymère d'alcool vinylique et d'alkylène est déposée.  EP2457737A1 discloses a composite support for offset printing whose resistance to water and dust is enhanced. For this purpose, the composite support comprises a layer on one and / or the other of the faces of which a layer based on porous pigments, a latex-type polymer dispersion and a vinyl alcohol copolymer and alkylene is deposited.
On connaît selon le document US7320825B2, un matériau composite destiné à la fabrication de contenants par exemple alimentaires, et présentant une résistance aux milieux graisseux. Il comporte trois couches, une couche inférieure de papier, une couche intermédiaire en un polymère filmogène dépourvu de toute charge et une couche supérieure en un polymère filmogène incorporant une charge minérale lamellaire. Ce matériau possède donc une étanchéité aux graisses, mais n'est pas adapté à une impression ou une teinture selon l'invention.  US7320825B2 discloses a composite material intended for the manufacture of containers, for example foodstuffs, and having a resistance to greasy media. It comprises three layers, a bottom layer of paper, an intermediate layer of a film-forming polymer devoid of any filler and a top layer of a film-forming polymer incorporating a lamellar mineral filler. This material therefore has a seal against grease, but is not suitable for printing or dyeing according to the invention.
Si ces documents permettent d'améliorer la qualité d'impression et/ou la résistance d'un support à certains facteurs, aucun n'empêche la migration de matières comme les colorants d'impression par sublimation à travers le support.  While these documents make it possible to improve the print quality and / or the resistance of a support to certain factors, none prevents the migration of materials such as sublimation printing dyes through the support.
Ce problème est rencontré lors de l'emballage pour l'expédition de supports imprimés ou teints, notamment lors de l'impression de supports de grandes largeurs et donc de grandes et très grandes surfaces.  This problem is encountered during packaging for shipping printed or dyed media, especially when printing media large widths and therefore large and very large areas.
Idéalement, les visuels sont roulés sur un tube en carton ou avec un papier de protection. Mais, pour limiter les contraintes et économiser les coûts de matière et de transport, les visuels sont habituellement expédiés pliés sous enveloppe, sans papier de protection entre les plis. Dans ces conditions de contact des épaisseurs entre elles, on observe un phénomène de migration des colorants depuis la face imprimée du support à travers le support pour atteindre les autres épaisseurs. Ce phénomène que l'on appelle image fantôme affecte grandement la qualité de l'image, notamment lorsque l'affiche est destinée à être rétro-éclairée, des couleurs et motifs fantômes apparaissant dans les zones les plus claires, et des mélanges de teintes foncées dans claires survenant. Ideally, the visuals are rolled on a cardboard tube or with a protective paper. But, to limit the constraints and save material and transport costs, the visuals are usually shipped folded in an envelope, without protective paper between the folds. In these conditions of contact thicknesses between them, a dye migration phenomenon is observed from the printed side of the support through the support to reach the other thicknesses. This so-called ghost phenomenon greatly affects the quality of the image, especially when the poster is intended to be backlit, colors and ghost patterns appearing in the lightest areas, and mixtures of dark shades in light occurring.
De plus, le support est généralement enduit, en vue de lui conférer une résistance par exemple aux conditions climatiques telles qu'à l'eau, aux rayons UV, s'il est destiné à un affichage extérieur, ou par un traitement anti-tâche, ignifuge ou tout autre traitement notamment permettant d'améliorer les qualités optiques du support après impression. La présence de cette enduction renforce le problème du conditionnement précité car les enduits facilitent la migration des colorants.  In addition, the support is generally coated, in order to give it resistance for example to climatic conditions such as water, UV light, if it is intended for outdoor display, or by anti-stain treatment flame retardant or any other treatment including to improve the optical qualities of the support after printing. The presence of this coating reinforces the problem of the aforementioned packaging because the coatings facilitate the migration of dyes.
Enfin, la pression et la température, dès 30°C, sont des paramètres qui accélèrent ce processus.  Finally, pressure and temperature, from 30 ° C, are parameters that accelerate this process.
A ce jour, la seule solution disponible pour la réalisation de panneaux d'affichage rétro-éclairés imprimés avec des colorants sublimables et ne présentant pas d'images fantômes passe par l'utilisation de textiles non enduits possédant un maillage très serré de manière à éviter la présence sur l'affiche de spots lumineux du rétro-éclairage. Elle n'est toutefois pas économiquement intéressante car le textile d'une densité de fils de l'ordre de 150 à 300g/m2, ainsi que son traitement par exemple anti-feu ou autres, sont coûteux surtout dans le cadre d'une utilisation temporaire. De plus, la forte densité de matière nécessite des éclairages puissants et donc énergivores afin d'obtenir un effet de contraste suffisant. To date, the only solution available for the production of backlit billboards printed with sublimable dyes that do not exhibit ghosting is the use of uncoated fabrics with a very tight mesh so as to avoid the presence on the poster of bright spots of the backlight. However, it is not economically advantageous because the textile with a yarn density of the order of 150 to 300 g / m 2 , as well as its treatment, for example fireproof or other, are expensive especially in the context of a temporary use. In addition, the high density of material requires powerful lighting and therefore energy-consuming to obtain a sufficient contrast effect.
En comparaison, le support textile enduit est plus performant, en terme à la fois de qualité d'impression et de transmission lumineuse, il représente donc une solution économiquement plus avantageuse, mais cette solution se heurte au problème de l'image fantôme.  In comparison, the coated textile support is more efficient, in terms of both print quality and light transmission, so it represents an economically more advantageous solution, but this solution faces the problem of the ghost image.
L'invention apporte une solution à ce problème avec un support composite qui, après impression peut être conditionné sous une forme pliée sans craindre le phénomène d'image fantôme.  The invention provides a solution to this problem with a composite support which after printing can be packaged in a folded form without fearing the ghosting phenomenon.
Le support composite de l'invention comprend une nappe qui peut être imprimée ou teintée par des colorants sublimables, cette nappe étant prétraitée ou non, une couche polymère flexible et un film de polymère hydrophile. La combinaison de la couche polymère flexible et de la couche polymère hydrophile et filmogène forme une barrière parfaitement étanche aux colorants, empêchant alors leur migration, tout en maintenant les propriétés du support seul, et notamment sa souplesse. De plus, grâce à sa couche de polymère hydrophile, le support composite de l'invention ne colle pas à la calandre à chaud au cours de l'étape de sublimation, ce qui constitue un avantage supplémentaire par rapport aux supports connus.  The composite support of the invention comprises a web that can be printed or tinted with sublimable dyes, this web being pretreated or not, a flexible polymer layer and a hydrophilic polymer film. The combination of the flexible polymer layer and the hydrophilic and film-forming polymer layer forms a perfectly impermeable barrier to dyes, thus preventing their migration, while maintaining the properties of the support alone, and in particular its flexibility. In addition, thanks to its hydrophilic polymer layer, the composite support of the invention does not stick to the hot shell during the sublimation step, which is an additional advantage over known supports.
Ainsi, le support composite de l'invention comporte au moins trois couches : une première couche ou nappe en un matériau qui peut être imprimé ou teint par des colorants sublimables, qui possède deux faces, l'une supérieure qui sera celle sur laquelle la ou les encres seront déposées et qui sera donc la face imprimée ou qui est teintée, l'autre inférieure qui est en contact, direct ou indirect, avec une seconde couche ou couche polymère flexible. Cette seconde couche présente elle aussi deux faces l'une supérieure orientée vers la face inférieure de la nappe et l'autre inférieure en contact, direct ou indirect, avec la troisième couche ou film de polymère hydrophile. Thus, the composite support of the invention comprises at least three layers: a first layer or sheet of a material that can be printed or dyed by sublimable dyes, which has two faces, the upper one which will be the one on which the the inks will be deposited and which will therefore be the printed side or that is tinted, the other bottom which is in contact, direct or indirect, with a second layer or flexible polymer layer. This second layer also has two faces, one upper facing the lower face of the sheet and the other lower in contact, direct or indirect, with the third layer or film of hydrophilic polymer.
Le support de l'invention répond avantageusement aux caractéristiques suivantes, considérées seules ou en combinaison.  The support of the invention advantageously meets the following characteristics, considered alone or in combination.
Le polymère hydrophile et filmogène de la troisième couche est choisi parmi les polymères d'alcool vinylique, les copolymères d'alcool vinylique et d'alkylène tels que les copolymères d'alcool vinylique et d'éthylène, les carboxyméthylcelluloses, les hydroxypropylcelluloses, les alginates, les gélatines, les polyvinylpyrrolidones, les polyéthylèneimines et les copolymères comprenant au moins un des monomères choisis parmi l'acétate de vinyle, l'alcool vinylique et l'éthylène, et tout mélange de ces polymères et copolymères.  The hydrophilic and film-forming polymer of the third layer is chosen from vinyl alcohol polymers, vinyl alcohol and alkylene copolymers, such as copolymers of vinyl alcohol and ethylene, carboxymethylcelluloses, hydroxypropylcelluloses and alginates. , gelatins, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyethyleneimines and copolymers comprising at least one of the monomers chosen from vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol and ethylene, and any mixture of these polymers and copolymers.
La seconde couche présente une structure pleine telle qu'un film ou une structure alvéolaire telle qu'une mousse.  The second layer has a solid structure such as a film or honeycomb structure such as a foam.
La seconde couche comprend au moins un polymère ou un copolymère choisi parmi les polyuréthanes (PU), les polymères et copolymères acryliques, le chlorure de polyvinylidène (PVDC) et l'acétate de polyvinyle (PVAC) et les copolymères du chlorure de vinylidène, et tout mélange de ces polymères et copolymères.  The second layer comprises at least one polymer or copolymer chosen from polyurethanes (PU), acrylic polymers and copolymers, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) and copolymers of vinylidene chloride, and any mixture of these polymers and copolymers.
La seconde couche comprend au moins un additif tel qu'un additif choisi parmi un additif ignifugeant, un additif rhéologique comme un épaississant, un tensioactif, un additif azurant, et/ou au moins une charge et/ou au moins un pigment.  The second layer comprises at least one additive such as an additive selected from a flame retardant additive, a rheological additive such as a thickener, a surfactant, a brightening additive, and / or at least one filler and / or at least one pigment.
La proportion du polymère ou copolymère dans la seconde couche est d'au moins 20% (m/m) et d'au plus 99% (m/m), m/m signifiant en masse de polymère ou copolymère par rapport à la masse de la seconde couche.  The proportion of the polymer or copolymer in the second layer is at least 20% (m / m) and at most 99% (m / m), m / m being the weight of polymer or copolymer relative to the mass. of the second layer.
La seconde couche a une épaisseur d'au moins 5 μιη, de préférence d'au moins 7 μιη et/ou d'au plus 30 μιη, de préférence d'au plus 15 μιη.  The second layer has a thickness of at least 5 μιη, preferably at least 7 μιη and / or at most 30 μιη, preferably at most 15 μιη.
La seconde couche a un grammage compris entre 10 et 100 g/m2, de préférence compris entre 50 et 70 g/m2. The second layer has a basis weight of between 10 and 100 g / m 2 , preferably between 50 and 70 g / m 2 .
La première couche est en un matériau fibreux ou non fibreux, imprimable ou rendu imprimable et/ou imprimé et/ou teint, ledit matériau étant choisi parmi tout polymère, tout copolymère, tout mélange de polymères et/ou de copolymères, d'origine naturelle ou synthétique.  The first layer is a fibrous or non-fibrous material, printable or made printable and / or printed and / or dyed, said material being chosen from any polymer, any copolymer, any mixture of polymers and / or copolymers, of natural origin or synthetic.
Le matériau de la première couche est choisi parmi les polyesters, les polyamides, les mélanges de ces polymères, mais aussi les mélanges de ces polymères avec d'autres polymères ou copolymères ou matériaux comme le coton, non imprimables avec des colorants sublimables.  The material of the first layer is chosen from polyesters, polyamides, mixtures of these polymers, but also mixtures of these polymers with other polymers or copolymers or materials such as cotton, which can not be printed with sublimable dyes.
Le matériau de la première couche est textile, de type tissé ou non tissé, tricoté, ou un mélange de tissé, non tissé et/ou tricoté. Le textile est un textile tissé polyester. The material of the first layer is textile, woven or nonwoven, knitted, or a mixture of woven, nonwoven and / or knitted. The textile is a polyester woven fabric.
La première couche est prétraitée par un apprêt de préparation à l'impression directe ou par un enduit.  The first layer is pretreated with a direct printing preparation primer or a coating.
L'invention concerne aussi un procédé de fabrication d'un support composite de l'invention, ledit procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes :  The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a composite support of the invention, said method comprising the following steps:
On dispose d'une première couche ou nappe telle que décrite précédemment, traitée ou non, présentant une face supérieure qui sera imprimée ou qui est teinte avec des colorants sublimables, On applique sur la face inférieure de la première couche une pâte aqueuse polymère par toute technique connue de l'homme du métier, pour obtenir après séchage une seconde couche ou couche polymère flexible telle que définie précédemment, présentant une face supérieure adhérant à la face inférieure de la première couche, et une face inférieure,  We have a first layer or web as described above, treated or not, having an upper face that will be printed or is dyed with sublimable dyes, is applied to the underside of the first layer a watery polymer paste by any technique known to those skilled in the art, to obtain after drying a second layer or flexible polymer layer as defined above, having an upper face adhering to the underside of the first layer, and a lower face,
- On applique sur la face inférieure de la seconde couche une solution d'un polymère hydrophile filmogène, pour obtenir une troisième couche telle que définie précédemment.  - A solution of a hydrophilic film-forming polymer is applied to the lower face of the second layer to obtain a third layer as defined above.
L'invention concerne aussi les utilisations d'un support composite tel que décrit précédemment. Un tel support peut en effet être teint ou destiné à être imprimé par impression numérique avec des colorants sublimables.  The invention also relates to the uses of a composite support as described above. Such a support can indeed be dyed or intended to be printed by digital printing with sublimable dyes.
Dans le cas d'une première couche teintée par des colorants sublimables, il peut trouver des applications comme plafonds et murs tendus.  In the case of a first layer dyed by sublimable dyes, it can find applications as ceilings and walls stretched.
Avant de décrire l'invention plus en détail, la définition de termes employés dans le présent texte est ci-après indiquée.  Before describing the invention in more detail, the definition of terms used in the present text is hereinafter indicated.
Par couche ou matériau traité ou pré-traité, on comprend une couche ou un matériau qui a subi une ou plusieurs opérations, généralement par exposition à un ou des agents chimiques et/ou physiques, afin de conférer à cette couche ou ce matériau une ou des propriétés qu'elle/il n'a pas, renforcer ou au contraire amoindrir une ou des propriétés qu'elle/il possède. Entrent dans cette définition, tout traitement d'une couche destinée à être imprimée, par exemple par impression directe, ainsi que tout traitement d'une couche pour lui conférer des propriétés anti-feu, des propriétés optiques, des propriétés acoustiques. Ces opérations sont connues de l'homme du métier, les agents de traitement dépendent bien entendu des qualités d'impression ou de teinture attendues et performances de la couche ou matériau recherchées et sont mis en œuvre par des techniques classiques, par exemple de type enduction ou imprégnation.  By layer or treated or pre-treated material is meant a layer or material which has undergone one or more operations, generally by exposure to one or more chemical and / or physical agents, in order to impart to that layer or material one or more properties that she / he does not have, to reinforce or on the contrary to diminish one or properties that she / he owns. Included in this definition is any treatment of a layer intended to be printed, for example by direct printing, as well as any treatment of a layer to give it fire-retardant properties, optical properties, acoustic properties. These operations are known to those skilled in the art, the treatment agents of course depend on the expected printing or dyeing qualities and performance of the desired layer or material and are implemented by conventional techniques, for example of the coating type. or impregnation.
Par couche polymère flexible, on entend une couche qui comprend majoritairement un ou des polymères présentant une température de transition vitreuse, Tg, inférieure à 0°C, cette température étant mesurée par toute technique connue de l'homme du métier, comme par exemple la méthode DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). By flexible polymer layer is meant a layer which mainly comprises one or more polymers having a glass transition temperature, Tg, of less than 0 ° C., this temperature being measured by any technique known to those skilled in the art, such as the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) method.
Par polymère filmogène, on entend un polymère qui après application à l'état d'une solution ou dispersion, forme sur la couche sur laquelle il est appliqué un feuil continu et adhérent.  The term "film-forming polymer" means a polymer which, after application in the form of a solution or dispersion, forms on the layer to which it is applied a continuous and adherent film.
Les trois principales couches constitutives d'un support composite 1 selon des variantes de l'invention sont ci-après décrites plus en détails, et à l'appui des figures 1 et 2, sans toutefois que l'invention y soit restreinte. Ces modes de réalisation sont particulièrement adaptés à la réalisation de panneaux rétro-éclairés, mais bien entendu, d'autres modes entrant dans la portée de l'invention mais non expressément décrits ci- dessous peuvent être mis en œuvre, en fonction des qualités d'impression ou de teinture recherchées.  The three main layers constituting a composite support 1 according to variants of the invention are hereinafter described in more detail, and in support of Figures 1 and 2, without however that the invention is restricted. These embodiments are particularly suitable for the production of backlit panels, but of course other modes falling within the scope of the invention but not expressly described below can be implemented, depending on the qualities of the device. printing or dyeing sought.
La figure 1 représente en coupe un support composite 1 destiné à une impression transfert avec des colorants sublimables. Il comporte une première couche 2 en un textile polyester non prétraité, une seconde couche 3 par exemple en une mousse ignifugée et une troisième couche 4 en un polymère d'alcool vinylique.  Figure 1 shows in section a composite support 1 for transfer printing with sublimable dyes. It comprises a first layer 2 made of an unprocessed polyester fabric, a second layer 3, for example a flame-retardant foam and a third layer 4 made of a vinyl alcohol polymer.
La figure 2 représente en coupe un support composite 1 destiné à une impression directe avec des colorants sublimables. Il comporte une première couche 2 en un textile polyester prétraité avec un apprêt de préparation à l'impression directe, une seconde couche 3 par exemple en une mousse ignifugée et une troisième couche 4 en un polymère d'alcool vinylique.  Figure 2 shows in section a composite support 1 for direct printing with sublimable dyes. It comprises a first layer 2 of a polyester fabric pretreated with a direct printing preparation primer, a second layer 3 for example of a fireproof foam and a third layer 4 of a vinyl alcohol polymer.
Première couche ou nappe 2  First layer or tablecloth 2
La nappe 2 est en un matériau qui peut être imprimé par sublimation. Ce matériau peut être fibreux, sous forme de fibres plus ou moins longues, comme un textile, ou non fibreux. Il peut être choisi parmi tout polymère, tout copolymère, tout mélange de polymères et/ou de copolymères, d'origine naturelle ou synthétique, imprimable ou rendu imprimable. Avantageusement, il est choisi parmi les polyesters, les polyamides, les mélanges de ces polymères, mais aussi les mélanges de ces polymères avec d'autres polymères ou copolymères ou matériaux comme le coton, non imprimables avec des colorants sublimables. S'il est textile, il peut être de type tissé ou non tissé, tricoté, ou un mélange de tissé, non tissé et/ou tricoté. De préférence, le matériau est un textile de fibres polyester et mieux encore c'est un textile tissé polyester.  The web 2 is made of a material that can be printed by sublimation. This material may be fibrous, in the form of longer or shorter fibers, such as a textile, or non-fibrous. It can be chosen from any polymer, any copolymer, any mixture of polymers and / or copolymers, of natural or synthetic origin, printable or made printable. Advantageously, it is chosen from polyesters, polyamides, mixtures of these polymers, but also mixtures of these polymers with other polymers or copolymers or materials such as cotton, which can not be printed with sublimable dyes. If it is textile, it can be woven or non-woven, knitted, or a mixture of woven, non-woven and / or knitted. Preferably, the material is a polyester fiber textile and more preferably it is a polyester woven fabric.
Entre dans le champ de l'invention, toute nappe d'un matériau tel que décrit ci- dessus et comprenant en outre tout additif, par exemple incorporé au cours de la fabrication de la nappe, et/ou tout traitement ou pré-traitement, par exemple appliqué sur l'une 5 et/ou l'autre 6 des faces de la nappe 2. A titre d'exemple, la nappe 2 peut comprendre un agent ignifugeant qui est réparti dans le(s) polymère(s) dont une ou les deux faces 5,6 de la nappe 2 ont été revêtues. Aussi, la face supérieure 5 de la nappe 2 peut avoir subi un pré-traitement notamment en vue d'une impression directe, et ce afin d'éviter la diffusion de l'encre déposée sur la nappe. Des produits de prétraitement sont disponibles dans le commerce et notamment les suivants : le produit Thermacol® MP (commercialisé par Huntsman), le produit AboPrint FX (commercialisé par Bodewes Material Solutions) et le produit Luprejet HD (commercialisé par BASF). Ils sont appliqués par foulardage, spray, gravure, slot-die, raclage et toute autre technique connue de l'homme du métier. Within the scope of the invention, any sheet of a material as described above and further comprising any additive, for example incorporated during the manufacture of the sheet, and / or any treatment or pretreatment, for example applied to one and / or the other 6 of the faces of the web 2. By way of example, the web 2 may comprise a flame retardant which is distributed in the polymer (s) of which a or both faces 5,6 of the web 2 have been coated. Also, the upper face 5 of the sheet 2 may have undergone a pretreatment especially for direct printing, and this in order to avoid the diffusion of the ink deposited on the sheet. Pretreatment products are commercially available and include the following: the product Thermacol ® MP (marketed by Huntsman), the product AboPrint FX (marketed by Bodewes Material Solutions) and the product Luprejet HD (marketed by BASF). They are applied by padding, spray, etching, slot-die, scraping and any other technique known to those skilled in the art.
La face inférieure 6 peut aussi être traitée vue d'améliorer l'adhésion de la seconde couche.  The lower face 6 can also be treated to improve the adhesion of the second layer.
Tout traitement de la face inférieure 6 de la nappe 2 pourra en plus empêcher la couche polymère de traverser la première couche 2 lors de son dépôt.  Any treatment of the lower face 6 of the web 2 may further prevent the polymer layer from passing through the first layer 2 during its deposition.
Selon un mode préféré, la première couche ou nappe 2 a une épaisseur d'au moins 20 μιη.  According to a preferred embodiment, the first layer or ply 2 has a thickness of at least 20 μιη.
Elle présente avantageusement un grammage qui est d'au moins 20 g/m2, de préférence d'au moins 55 g/m2 et/ou d'au plus 150 g/m2, de préférence d'au plus 120 g/m2, et mieux encore d'au plus 70 g/m2. It advantageously has a basis weight which is at least 20 g / m 2 , preferably at least 55 g / m 2 and / or at most 150 g / m 2 , preferably at most 120 g / m 2. m 2 , and more preferably at most 70 g / m 2 .
Seconde couche ou couche polymère flexible 3  Second layer or flexible polymer layer 3
La couche polymère flexible 3 est fabriquée à partir de tout polymère, tout copolymère, tout mélange de polymères et/ou de copolymères, compatible chimiquement et physiquement avec les première 2 et troisième 4 couches, capable d'adhérer sur les première 2 et troisième 4 couches et n'affectant sensiblement pas la souplesse de la première couche 2. Elle présente avantageusement une structure alvéolaire de type mousse, elle peut aussi présenter une structure pleine, par exemple de type film. Elle comprend de préférence au moins un polymère ou un copolymère choisi parmi les polyuréthanes (PU), les polymères et copolymères obtenus à partir de monomères dont au moins un est choisi parmi les monomères acrylique, styrène, butadiène, acrylonitrile, vinylique, éthylène, le chlorure de polyvinylidène (PVDC) et l'acétate de polyvinyle (PVAC), les copolymères du chlorure de vinylidène et d'un des monomères précédemment cités. De tels polymères sont disponibles dans le commerce, à titre d'exemples de polymères commerciaux, on peut citer les suivants : Plextol DV 245 (Synthomer), Texicryl 13-500 (Scott Bader), Appretan® E4250 (Archroma), Appretan® N52281 (Archroma), Primai E 941 P (Dow), Encor® 1103 (Arkema), Encor® 1220 (Arkema), Hystretch® 7318 (Lubrizol) pour les (co)polymères acryliques, Roiflex SW3 (Lamberti), Roiflex BZ 78 (Lamberti), Lurapret® NDPS (Archroma) pour les polyuréthanes, Acronal® S 560 (BASF) comme copolymère acrylate, styrène et acrylonitrile, Diofan® A 036 (Solvay) pour les PVDC, Vinnapas® EN 428 (Wacker) pour les PVAC, Vinnol® CEN 2752 (Wacker) pour les copolymères du chlorure de vinylidène. The flexible polymer layer 3 is made from any polymer, copolymer or mixture of polymers and / or copolymers, chemically and physically compatible with the first 2 and third 4 layers, capable of adhering to the first 2 and third 4 layers and not substantially affecting the flexibility of the first layer 2. It advantageously has a foamed foam structure, it may also have a solid structure, for example film type. It preferably comprises at least one polymer or a copolymer chosen from polyurethanes (PU), polymers and copolymers obtained from monomers of which at least one is chosen from acrylic, styrene, butadiene, acrylonitrile, vinylic and ethylene monomers. polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAC), copolymers of vinylidene chloride and one of the aforementioned monomers. Such polymers are commercially available, as examples of commercial polymers include the following: Plextol DV 245 (Synthomer) Texicryl 13-500 (Scott Bader) APPRETAN ® E4250 (Archroma) APPRETAN ® N52281 (Archroma), Primal E 941 P (Dow), Encor ® 1103 (Arkema), Encor ® 1220 (Arkema), Hystretch ® 7318 (Lubrizol) to the acrylic (co) polymers, Roiflex SW3 (Lamberti), Roiflex BZ 78 ( Lamberti), Lurapret ® NDPS (Archroma) for polyurethanes, Acronal ® S 560 (BASF) as acrylate, styrene and acrylonitrile copolymer, Diofan ® A 036 (Solvay) for PVDC, Vinnapas ® EN 428 (Wacker) for PVAC, Vinnol ® CEN 2752 (Wacker) for copolymers of vinylidene chloride.
Elle peut aussi comprendre au moins un additif par exemple un ou plusieurs additifs choisis parmi les additifs ignifugeants, les additifs rhéologiques comme un épaississant, les tensioactifs, les additifs azurants. Elle peut aussi comporter au moins une charge et/ou au moins un pigment. It may also comprise at least one additive, for example one or more additives chosen from flame retardant additives, rheological additives such as a thickener, surfactants, brightening additives. It may also comprise at least one filler and / or at least one pigment.
Ainsi pour répondre aux normes de protection incendie, la couche polymère flexible 3 contient de préférence des additifs ignifugeants ou retardateurs de flammes. A titre d'exemples, de tels additifs peuvent être choisis parmi les phosphates organiques comme le polyphosphate de mélamine, les phosphates minéraux comme le polyphosphate d'ammonium, les phosphonates, les phosphinates, les hydroxydes métalliques comme le trihydroxyde d'aluminium, l'hydroxyde de magnésium, les oxydes d'antimoine comme le trioxyde d'antimoine, les stannates comme le stannate de zinc et l'hydroxystannate de zinc, les borates comme le borate de zinc, les dérivés de la mélamine comme le cyanurate de mélamine, les dérivés halogénés comme les polybromodiphényles, les polybromodiphényléthers, les polybromodiphényléthane comme le décabromodiphényléthane. Idéalement, lorsque le support composite de l'invention est destiné à l'impression de grandes surfaces par exemple à destination d'établissements publics, les propriétés ignifugeantes doivent atteindre un niveau Ml selon la norme française NF P92-507 et Bl selon la norme allemande DIN 4102, ces normes étant données à titre indicatif, étant entendu que toute autre norme en vigueur selon le pays d'utilisation peut être utilisée comme référence.  Thus, to meet the fire protection standards, the flexible polymer layer 3 preferably contains flame retardant additives or flame retardants. By way of examples, such additives may be chosen from organic phosphates such as melamine polyphosphate, inorganic phosphates such as ammonium polyphosphate, phosphonates, phosphinates, metal hydroxides, such as aluminum trihydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, antimony oxides such as antimony trioxide, stannates such as zinc stannate and zinc hydroxystannate, borates such as zinc borate, melamine derivatives such as melamine cyanurate, halogenated derivatives such as polybrominated diphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polybrominated diphenylethanes such as decabromodiphenylethane. Ideally, when the composite support of the invention is intended for the printing of large surfaces, for example intended for public establishments, the flame retardant properties must reach a level Ml according to the French standard NF P92-507 and Bl according to the German standard. DIN 4102, these standards being given as an indication, it being understood that any other standard in force depending on the country of use may be used as a reference.
La seconde couche 3 comprend avantageusement au moins une charge et/ou au moins un pigment. A titre d'illustration, lorsque la nappe sur laquelle elle est fixée est blanche, la charge est choisie parmi les matières claires telles que le carbonate de calcium, la silice. Elle peut être aussi choisie parmi tous pigments blancs naturels ou synthétiques, comme certains oxydes métalliques, par exemple le dioxyde de titane, l'oxyde de zinc, ou comme le lithopone, qui vont apporter des propriétés optiques et qui pourront en outre remplir la fonction de charge.  The second layer 3 advantageously comprises at least one filler and / or at least one pigment. By way of illustration, when the sheet on which it is fixed is white, the filler is chosen from among clear materials such as calcium carbonate and silica. It can also be chosen from all natural or synthetic white pigments, such as certain metal oxides, for example titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, or like lithopone, which will provide optical properties and which may furthermore fulfill the function charge.
La seconde couche polymère flexible 3 est, selon une variante préférée, une mousse. En effet, elle va permettre de faciliter l'échappement des gaz, en particulier lors de la sublimation des colorants, mais aussi d'optimiser la diffusion de la lumière, en particulier quand le support composite de l'invention est destiné à l'impression d'affiches rétro-éclairées. Dans ce but, on préférera que le temps d'affinage de la mousse qui permet de contrôler la taille et la distribution des cellules dans la mousse soit compris entre 1 et 2 minutes, de préférence 2 minutes. Ainsi, en complément de son effet barrière quand elle est combinée à la troisième couche, cette mousse doit assurer une diffusion optimale de la lumière précisément dans le cas de supports rétro- éclairés, la transmission lumineuse étant de préférence comprise entre 20% et 50% et de préférence entre 30-35%, lorsqu'elle est mesurée selon une méthode adaptée de la norme NF G07-162. A cette fin, cette seconde couche 3 a de préférence une épaisseur d'au moins 5 μιη, de préférence d'au moins 7 μιη et/ou d'au plus 30 μιη, de préférence d'au plus 15 μιη. Selon une structure avantageuse d'un support composite 1 de l'invention, la seconde couche 3 présente à l'état humide une densité d'au moins 150 g/L, de préférence d'au moins 200 g/L et/ou d'au plus 350 g/L, de préférence d'au plus 220 g/L. Au-delà de 350 g/L, le support perd de sa souplesse, et en deçà de 200 g/L, l'effet barrière de la combinaison seconde 3 et troisième 4 couche est amoindri. The second flexible polymer layer 3 is, according to a preferred variant, a foam. Indeed, it will make it possible to facilitate the escape of gases, in particular during the sublimation of the dyes, but also to optimize the diffusion of light, in particular when the composite support of the invention is intended for printing. backlit posters. For this purpose, it will be preferred that the refining time of the foam which makes it possible to control the size and the distribution of the cells in the foam is between 1 and 2 minutes, preferably 2 minutes. Thus, in addition to its barrier effect when it is combined with the third layer, this foam must ensure optimum light diffusion precisely in the case of backlit supports, the light transmission preferably being between 20% and 50% and preferably between 30-35%, when measured according to a method adapted from standard NF G07-162. For this purpose, this second layer 3 preferably has a thickness of at least 5 μιη, preferably at least 7 μιη and / or at most 30 μιη, preferably at most 15 μιη. According to an advantageous structure of a composite support 1 of the invention, the second layer 3 has in the wet state a density of at least 150 g / l, preferably at least 200 g / l and / or at most 350 g / l, preferably at most 220 g / l. Above 350 g / L, the support loses its flexibility, and below 200 g / L, the barrier effect of the combination of second and third 3 layer 3 is lessened.
Si la seconde couche 3 peut ne comprendre aucun additif, ni charge, ni pigment, la proportion du ou des polymères et/ou du ou des copolymères est avantageusement d'au moins 20% (m/m) en masse par rapport à la masse de la couche et d'au plus 99% (m/m) en masse par rapport à la masse de la couche. En effet, pour obtenir les propriétés optiques idéales et les propriétés ignifuges requises, la seconde couche comprend au moins une charge et un ou des additifs appropriés. Il est toutefois préférable que leurs proportions ne dépassent pas 80% (m/m) au risque de perdre en souplesse et cohésion.  If the second layer 3 can not comprise any additive, filler or pigment, the proportion of the polymer (s) and / or the copolymer (s) is advantageously at least 20% (m / m) by mass relative to the mass. of the layer and at most 99% (m / m) by mass relative to the mass of the layer. Indeed, to obtain the ideal optical properties and the required flame retardant properties, the second layer comprises at least one filler and one or more appropriate additives. However, it is preferable that their proportions do not exceed 80% (m / m) at the risk of losing flexibility and cohesion.
La seconde couche 3 est généralement obtenue à partir d'une composition polymère en phase aqueuse sous forme de pâte ou de mousse qui est appliquée sur la face inférieure du textile par toute technique permettant d'obtenir une couche homogène qui présente une face inférieure lisse, afin que puisse y être appliquée la troisième couche 4. A titre d'exemple, la couche mousse est appliquée par raclage sur cylindre.  The second layer 3 is generally obtained from an aqueous phase polymer composition in the form of a paste or foam which is applied to the underside of the textile by any technique making it possible to obtain a homogeneous layer which has a smooth underside, so that the third layer 4 can be applied thereto. For example, the foam layer is applied by scraping on a cylinder.
Cette seconde couche a un grammage compris entre 10 et 100 g/m2, de préférence compris entre 50 et 70 g/m2. This second layer has a basis weight of between 10 and 100 g / m 2 , preferably between 50 and 70 g / m 2 .
Troisième couche dite film de polymère hydrophile ou couche de polymère hydrophile et filmogène 4  Third layer called hydrophilic polymer film or hydrophilic and film-forming polymer layer 4
Comme dit précédemment, la combinaison de la seconde couche 3 et de la troisième couche 4 constitue une barrière à toute migration des colorants.  As said above, the combination of the second layer 3 and the third layer 4 constitutes a barrier to any migration of dyes.
Dans la mesure où les seconde 3 et troisième 4 couches forment ensemble la barrière d'étanchéité à la migration des colorants, la troisième couche 4 est en un polymère hydrophile et filmogène qui peut être choisi parmi les polymères d'alcool vinylique, les copolymères d'alcool vinylique et d'alkylène tels que les copolymères d'alcool vinylique et d'éthylène, les carboxyméthylcelluloses, les hydroxypropylcelluloses, les alginates, les gélatines, les polyvinylpyrrolidones, les polyéthylèneimines et les copolymères comprenant au moins un monomère choisi parmi l'acétate de vinyle, l'alcool vinylique et l'éthylène., et tout mélange de ces polymères et copolymères.  Insofar as the second 3 and third 4 layers together form the dye migration barrier, the third layer 4 is made of a hydrophilic and film-forming polymer which can be chosen from vinyl alcohol polymers, copolymers of vinyl alcohol and alkylene such as copolymers of vinyl alcohol and ethylene, carboxymethylcelluloses, hydroxypropylcelluloses, alginates, gelatins, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyethyleneimines and copolymers comprising at least one monomer selected from acetate vinyl, vinyl alcohol and ethylene, and any mixture of these polymers and copolymers.
Dans une réalisation préférée de l'invention, le polymère de cette troisième couche 4 est choisi parmi les alcools polyvinyliques, présentant de préférence au moins 50% d'unités [-CH2-CH(-OH)-], avantageusement au moins 90%, voire au moins 95% et mieux encore au moins 98%, et les copolymères d'alcool vinylique et d'alkylène tels que les copolymères d'alcool vinylique et d'éthylène. De tels polymères sont disponibles dans le commerce comme les produits suivants : JP18 (Japan Vam & Poval), JC33 (Japan Vam & Poval), Alcotex 72.5 (Synthomer), Poval® B33 (Denka), Poval® 28-99 (Kuraray), Poval® 56-98 (Kuraray), Poval® 15-99 (Kuraray), Selvol® 325 (Sekisui), Exceval® HR-3010 (Kuraray). Bien entendu, tout autre PVA, ayant les mêmes caractéristiques physico- chimiques est adapté. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the polymer of this third layer 4 is chosen from polyvinyl alcohols, preferably having at least 50% [-CH 2 -CH (-OH) -] units, advantageously at least 90% or at least 95% and more preferably at least 98%, and copolymers of vinyl alcohol and alkylene such as copolymers of vinyl alcohol and ethylene. Such polymers are available in the trade as the following products: JP18 (Japan Vam & Poval) JC33 (Japan Vam & Poval) Alcotex 72.5 (Synthomer) Poval ® B33 (Denka), Poval ® 28-99 (Kuraray), Poval ® 56- 98 (Kuraray), Poval ® 15-99 (Kuraray), Selvol ® 325 (Sekisui), Exceval ® HR-3010 (Kuraray). Of course, any other PVA having the same physico-chemical characteristics is suitable.
Le polymère et notamment le polymère d'alcool vinylique est déposé à partir d'une solution aqueuse ayant un extrait sec (ES) en dit polymère compris entre 1 et 50%, de préférence entre 5 et 10% (m/m) ; la limite inférieure correspond à la quantité minimum permettant d'obtenir un effet barrière et la limite supérieure correspond à la quantité maximum permettant de conserver la souplesse du support et sa perméabilité.  The polymer and in particular the vinyl alcohol polymer is deposited from an aqueous solution having a dry extract (ES) in said polymer of between 1 and 50%, preferably between 5 and 10% (m / m); the lower limit corresponds to the minimum amount to obtain a barrier effect and the upper limit corresponds to the maximum amount to maintain the flexibility of the support and its permeability.
Le PVA choisi a une masse molaire permettant d'avoir, pour un ES de 5-10%, une viscosité adaptée au procédé de dépôt. Tout autre PVA répondant à cette caractéristique peut convenir à ce mode d'application de type raclage en l'air. Il appartient aux compétences de l'homme du métier d'incorporer tout additif nécessaire à la mise en œuvre du procédé d'application ou la facilitant. Ainsi, en vue d'un résultat optimal, le mode d'application par raclage en l'air nécessite des additifs de type agents d'étalement pour améliorer la qualité du film, et éventuellement des agents retardateurs de séchage.  The chosen PVA has a molar mass which makes it possible, for a 5-10% ES, to have a viscosity adapted to the deposition process. Any other PVA that satisfies this characteristic may be suitable for this scraping type of application in the air. It is up to the skills of a person skilled in the art to incorporate any additive necessary for the implementation of the application process or facilitating it. Thus, in view of an optimal result, the air scrape application method requires additives of spreading type to improve the quality of the film, and possibly drying retarding agents.
Cette troisième couche 4 est déposée par raclage en l'air avec des profils de racle ayant un diamètre compris entre 2 et 20mm et ayant un état de surface permettant de déposer la quantité souhaitée sans défaut d'aspect et de fonction.  This third layer 4 is deposited by scraping in the air with squeegee profiles having a diameter of between 2 and 20 mm and having a surface state to deposit the desired amount without defects in appearance and function.
Tout autre technique de dépôt (gravure, slot-die, spray, kiss-roll et autres techniques connues de l'homme du métier, permettant de déposer la quantité souhaitée sans défaut d'aspect et de fonction peut être utilisée et pourra entraîner la possibilité ou la nécessité d'utiliser un grade de PVA différent en terme de masse molaire.  Any other deposition technique (engraving, slot-die, spray, kiss-roll and other techniques known to those skilled in the art, making it possible to deposit the desired quantity without defects in appearance and function can be used and may cause the possibility of or the need to use a different grade of PVA in terms of molar mass.
Selon une variante avantageuse de l'invention, le support composite 1 présente en outre une certaine perméabilité à l'air, pour permettre l'échappement des gaz libérés lors de l'étape de sublimation ; c'est pourquoi, une perméabilité supérieure à 0,5 L/m2/s sous une différence de pression de 2500 Pa est préférée. According to an advantageous variant of the invention, the composite support 1 also has a certain permeability to air, to allow the escape of the gases released during the sublimation step; therefore, a permeability greater than 0.5 L / m 2 / s under a pressure difference of 2500 Pa is preferred.
La fabrication d'un support tel que décrit précédemment comprend les étapes suivantes :  The manufacture of a support as described above comprises the following steps:
On dispose d'une première couche ou nappe 2, traitée ou non, présentant une face supérieure 5 qui sera imprimée ou qui est teinte avec des colorants sublimables,  We have a first layer or web 2, treated or not, having an upper face 5 which will be printed or which is dyed with sublimable dyes,
On applique sur la face inférieure 6 de la première couche 2 une pâte aqueuse polymère, pour obtenir après séchage une seconde couche ou couche polymère flexible 3, présentant une face supérieure 7 adhérant à la face inférieure 6 de la première couche 2 , et une face inférieure 8, et On applique sur la face inférieure 8 de la seconde couche 3 une solution d'un polymère hydrophile filmogène, pour obtenir une troisième couche 4. A polymer aqueous paste is applied to the lower face 6 of the first layer 2, to obtain, after drying, a second flexible polymer layer or layer 3 having an upper face 7 adhering to the lower face 6 of the first layer 2, and one face lower 8, and A solution of a hydrophilic film-forming polymer is applied to the lower face 8 of the second layer 3 to obtain a third layer 4.
Elle est illustrée dans l'exemple 1 qui suit et les propriétés anti-migration du support composite ainsi obtenues sont mises en évidence dans l'exemple 2, en référence aux figures 3, 4 et 5 suivantes :  It is illustrated in Example 1 which follows and the anti-migration properties of the composite support thus obtained are highlighted in Example 2, with reference to Figures 3, 4 and 5 below:
La figure 3 représente un empilement de supports comprenant un support composite de l'invention, aux fins du test anti-migration.  FIG. 3 represents a stack of supports comprising a composite support of the invention, for the purposes of the anti-migration test.
La figure 4 représente un pliage en deux de l'empilement de la figure 3.  FIG. 4 represents a folding in two of the stack of FIG. 3.
La figure 5 représente ce que l'on observe après dépliage de l'empilement plié de la figure 4 ayant subi un vieillissement accéléré en étuve.  Figure 5 shows what is observed after unfolding the folded stack of Figure 4 having undergone accelerated aging in an oven.
Exemple 1 : Fabrication d'un support composite selon l'invention Example 1 Manufacture of a composite support according to the invention
On dispose d'une nappe 2 textile en fibres polyester tissées, ayant un grammage de 63 g/m2 et destinée à une impression transfert avec des colorants sublimables. There is a textile web 2 made of woven polyester fibers having a basis weight of 63 g / m 2 and intended for transfer printing with sublimable dyes.
Pour préparer la seconde couche 3, on réalise une pâte polymère à partir des ingrédients mentionnés dans le tableau 1 suivant :  To prepare the second layer 3, a polymer paste is produced from the ingredients mentioned in the following Table 1:
Tableau 1 Table 1
La pâte polymère est préparée par dispersion en phase aqueuse sous agitation mécanique comme suit : Dispersion des charges en présence des additifs appropriés The polymer paste is prepared by dispersion in aqueous phase with mechanical stirring as follows: Dispersion of charges in the presence of appropriate additives
Ajout à la dispersion de charges, du liant, de l'eau et des additifs permettant d'obtenir les propriétés recherchées (pH, viscosité, extrait sec) - Moussage mécanique de la pâte : injection d'air. Puis affinage pendant 1 à 2 minutes.  Addition to the dispersion of charges, binder, water and additives to obtain the desired properties (pH, viscosity, dry extract) - Mechanical foaming of the paste: air injection. Then ripen for 1 to 2 minutes.
Elle est ensuite appliquée sur la face inférieure 6 de la première couche 2. Puis, on prépare une solution de polymère d'alcool vinylique à partir des ingrédients mentionnés dans le tableau 2 suivant :  It is then applied to the lower face 6 of the first layer 2. Then, a solution of vinyl alcohol polymer is prepared from the ingredients mentioned in the following Table 2:
Tableau 2 Table 2
Cette composition est appliquée sur la couche inférieure 8 de la seconde couche 3 puis séchée. This composition is applied to the lower layer 8 of the second layer 3 and then dried.
Le même procédé est réalisé sur un support textile en fibres polyester tissées, ayant un grammage de 63 g/m2, ledit support textile ayant été prétraité en vue d'une impression directe. The same process is carried out on a textile support made of woven polyester fibers having a basis weight of 63 g / m 2 , said textile support having been pre-processed for direct printing.
Exemple 2 : Fabrication d'un autre support composite selon l'invention Example 2 Manufacture of Another Composite Support According to the Invention
On dispose d'une nappe 2 textile en fibres polyester tissées, ayant un grammage de 80 g/m2 et destinée à une impression transfert avec des colorants sublimables. There is a textile web 2 of woven polyester fibers having a basis weight of 80 g / m 2 and intended for transfer printing with sublimable dyes.
Pour préparer la seconde couche 3, on réalise une pâte polymère à partir des ingrédients mentionnés dans le tableau 3 suivant : Tableau 3 To prepare the second layer 3, a polymer paste is produced from the ingredients mentioned in the following Table 3: Table 3
La pâte polymère est préparée par dispersion en phase aqueuse sous agitation mécanique comme suit : The polymer paste is prepared by dispersion in aqueous phase with mechanical stirring as follows:
Dispersion des charges en présence des additifs appropriés  Dispersion of charges in the presence of appropriate additives
Ajout à la dispersion de charges, du liant, de l'eau et des additifs permettant d'obtenir les propriétés recherchées (pH, viscosité, extrait sec) Addition to the dispersion of fillers, binder, water and additives to obtain the desired properties (pH, viscosity, solids)
Moussage mécanique de la pâte : injection d'air. Puis affinage pendant 1 à 2 minutes. Mechanical foaming of the paste: air injection. Then ripen for 1 to 2 minutes.
Elle est ensuite appliquée sur la face inférieure 6 de la première couche 2. Puis, on prépare une solution de polymère d'alcool vinylique à partir des ingrédients mentionnés dans le tableau 4 suivant, selon deux compositions différentes (Composition 1 et composition 2) : Tableau 4 It is then applied to the lower face 6 of the first layer 2. Next, a solution of vinyl alcohol polymer is prepared from the ingredients mentioned in the following Table 4, according to two different compositions (Composition 1 and Composition 2): Table 4
Ces compositions sont ensuite chacune appliquées sur une couche inférieure 8 de la seconde couche 3 puis séchées pour obtenir deux supports composite de l'invention, l'un dont la seconde couche 3 est traitée par la composition 1, l'autre dont la seconde couche est traitée par la composition 2. These compositions are then each applied to a lower layer 8 of the second layer 3 and then dried to obtain two composite supports of the invention, one of which the second layer 3 is treated with the composition 1, the other of which the second layer is treated with the composition 2.
Exemple 3 : Mise en évidence de l'effet anti-migration à travers un support composite selon l'invention Example 3 Demonstration of the anti-migration effect through a composite support according to the invention
Selon la figure 3, on dispose d'un empilement de supports que l'on obtient par superposition depuis le bas vers le haut des trois échantillons de support suivants :  According to FIG. 3, a stack of supports is obtained which is obtained by superposing from the bottom to the top of the three following support samples:
un support composite 1 de l'invention tel que décrit à l'exemple 1 non imprimé, comportant du bas vers le haut de cet empilement, une première couche ou nappe 2 en polyester tissé, une seconde couche ou couche polymère flexible 3 et une troisième couche ou couche polymère hydrophile et filmogène 4.  a composite support 1 of the invention as described in Example 1 not printed, comprising from the bottom to the top of this stack, a first layer or web 2 of woven polyester, a second layer or flexible polymer layer 3 and a third hydrophilic and film-forming layer or layer 4.
un support composite 1 de l'invention tel que décrit à l'exemple 1 comportant du bas vers le haut de cet empilement, une troisième couche ou couche polymère hydrophile et filmogène 4, une seconde couche ou couche polymère flexible 3 et une première couche ou nappe 2 en polyester tissé, ledit support 1 ayant été imprimé avec des colorants sublimables 10 ; et un support 13 comportant une première couche ou nappe 2 en polyester tissé sur laquelle une enduction 11 a été appliquée, l'enduction ayant des propriétés ignifuges et optiques ;  a composite support 1 of the invention as described in Example 1 comprising from the bottom to the top of this stack, a third or hydrophilic and film-forming polymer layer 4, a second or flexible polymer layer 3 and a first layer or web 2 of woven polyester, said support 1 having been printed with sublimable dyes 10; and a support 13 having a first layer or web 2 of woven polyester to which a coating 11 has been applied, the coating having flame retardant and optical properties;
Selon la figure 4, on procède à un pliage en deux de l'empilement de la figure 3, et on place cet arrangement dans une étuve à 50°C pendant 4 jours entre deux plaques 12 d'inox sous pression. Pour la clarté des figures 3 et 4, les différentes couches empilées sont représentées sans contact les unes avec les autres, dans la réalité du test, elles sont bien entendu en contact. According to FIG. 4, the stack of FIG. 3 is folded in two, and this arrangement is placed in an oven at 50 ° C. for 4 days between two plates 12 of stainless steel under pressure. For the clarity of Figures 3 and 4, the various stacked layers are shown without contact with each other, in the reality of the test, they are of course in contact.
On dispose d'un empilement témoin non représenté sur les figures, constitué depuis le bas vers le haut comme suit :  There is a control stack not shown in the figures, constituted from the bottom to the top as follows:
un support polyester tissé enduit, l'enduction ayant des propriétés ignifuges et optiques identique au support 13 de l'empilement représenté à la figure 3 ; et  a coated woven polyester support, the coating having flame retardant and optical properties identical to the support 13 of the stack shown in Figure 3; and
un même support polyester tissé enduit, l'enduction ayant des propriétés ignifuges et optiques, identique au support 13 de l'empilement représenté à la figure 3, ledit support étant imprimé avec des colorants sublimables 10, et un même support polyester tissé enduit, l'enduction ayant des propriétés ignifuges et optiques, identique au support 13 de l'empilement représenté à la figure 3.  a same coated woven polyester support, the coating having fireproof and optical properties, identical to the support 13 of the stack represented in FIG. 3, said support being printed with sublimable dyes 10, and a same coated woven polyester support, coating having flame retardant and optical properties, identical to the support 13 of the stack shown in FIG.
Cet empilement témoin, avec une orientation des supports identique à celle présentée à la figure 3, est plié en deux puis soumis au même vieillissement accéléré en étuve.  This control stack, with a support orientation identical to that shown in Figure 3, is folded in half and subjected to the same accelerated aging in an oven.
Les deux empilements pliés et traités sont dépliés et l'observation qui en est faite est illustrée sur la figure 5.  The two folded and processed stacks are unfolded and the observation thereof is illustrated in FIG.
Sur cette figure 5 :  In this figure 5:
la partie gauche concerne l'empilement témoin et la partie droite concerne l'empilement des figures 3 et 4 ;  the left side relates to the control stack and the right part relates to the stack of Figures 3 and 4;
la partie supérieure concerne les supports imprimés (au centre des empilements) des empilements témoin (support 13 imprimé) et test (support 1 imprimé) après vieillissement accéléré et dépliage ; la partie inférieure concerne les supports témoin (support 13) ou composite (support 1), situés en bas des empilements témoin (support 13) et test (support 1) après vieillissement accéléré et dépliage.  the upper part concerns the printed supports (in the center of the stacks) control stacks (support 13 printed) and test (printed support 1) after accelerated aging and unfolding; the lower part concerns the control media (support 13) or composite (support 1), located at the bottom of the control stacks (support 13) and test (support 1) after accelerated aging and unfolding.
On observe sur la partie inférieure gauche, une image fantôme qui résulte d'une migration des colorants, alors que sur la partie inférieure droite, le support est resté vierge démontrant l'efficacité de la fonction barrière de la combinaison des seconde et troisième couches, empêchant la migration des colorants à travers le support.  A ghost image is observed on the lower left, which results from a migration of the dyes, whereas on the lower right part, the support remained virgin demonstrating the effectiveness of the barrier function of the combination of the second and third layers, preventing the migration of dyes through the support.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Support composite comprenant une première couche ou nappe en un matériau imprimable, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une seconde couche ou couche polymère flexible et une troisième couche ou couche polymère hydrophile et filmogène.  A composite support comprising a first layer or web of a printable material, characterized in that it comprises a second flexible polymer layer or layer and a third hydrophilic and film-forming polymer layer or layer.
2. Support selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le polymère hydrophile et filmogène est choisi parmi les polymères d'alcool vinylique, les copolymères d'alcool vinylique et d'alkylène tels que les copolymères d'alcool vinylique et d'éthylène, les carboxyméthylcelluloses, les hydroxypropylcelluloses, les gélatines, les alginates, les polyvinylpyrrolidones, les polyéthylèneimines et les copolymères comprenant au moins un des monomères choisis parmi l'acétate de vinyle, l'alcool vinylique et l'éthylène, et tout mélange de ces polymères et copolymères.  2. Support according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrophilic and film-forming polymer is chosen from vinyl alcohol polymers, copolymers of vinyl alcohol and alkylene such as copolymers of vinyl alcohol and ethylene, carboxymethylcelluloses, hydroxypropylcelluloses, gelatins, alginates, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyethyleneimines and copolymers comprising at least one of the monomers chosen from vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol and ethylene, and any mixture of these polymers and copolymers.
3. Support selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la seconde couche présente une structure pleine telle qu'un film ou une structure alvéolaire telle qu'une mousse.  3. Support according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second layer has a solid structure such as a film or a honeycomb structure such as a foam.
4. Support selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que la seconde couche comprend au moins un polymère ou un copolymère choisi parmi les polyuréthanes (PU), les polymères et copolymères acryliques, le chlorure de polyvinylidène (PVDC) et les copolymères du chlorure de vinylidène, l'acétate de polyvinyle (PVAC), et tout mélange de ces polymères et copolymères.  4. Support according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the second layer comprises at least one polymer or a copolymer chosen from polyurethanes (PU), acrylic polymers and copolymers, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) and copolymers of vinylidene chloride, polyvinyl acetate (PVAC), and any mixture of these polymers and copolymers.
5. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la seconde couche comprend au moins un additif tel qu'un additif choisi parmi un additif ignifugeant, un additif rhéologique comme un épaississant, un tensioactif, un additif azurant, et/ou au moins une charge et/ou au moins un pigment.  5. Support according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second layer comprises at least one additive such as an additive selected from a flame retardant additive, a rheological additive such as a thickener, a surfactant, a brightener additive, and / or at least one filler and / or at least one pigment.
6. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la proportion du polymère ou copolymère dans la seconde couche est d'au moins 20% (m/m) et d'au plus 99% (m/m) en masse par rapport à la masse de la couche.  6. Support according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of the polymer or copolymer in the second layer is at least 20% (m / m) and at most 99% (m / m) in mass relative to the mass of the layer.
7. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la seconde couche a une épaisseur d'au moins 5 μιη, de préférence d'au moins 7 μιη et/ou d'au plus 30 μιη, de préférence d'au plus 15 μιη.  7. Support according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second layer has a thickness of at least 5 μιη, preferably at least 7 μιη and / or at most 30 μιη, preferably at least at most 15 μιη.
8. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la seconde couche a un grammage compris entre 10 et 100 g/m2, de préférence compris entre 50 et 70 g/m2. 8. Support according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second layer has a basis weight between 10 and 100 g / m 2 , preferably between 50 and 70 g / m 2 .
9. Support selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première couche est prétraitée par un apprêt de préparation à l'impression directe ou par un enduit.  9. Support according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first layer is pretreated with a primer preparation for direct printing or a coating.
10. Utilisation d'un support selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'il est teint ou destiné à être imprimé par impression numérique avec des colorants sublimables.  10. Use of a support according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is dyed or intended to be printed by digital printing with sublimable dyes.
EP18734858.6A 2017-05-04 2018-05-04 Composite support and uses Withdrawn EP3619355A1 (en)

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GB9027443D0 (en) 1990-12-18 1991-02-06 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Dye transfer media
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GB0623997D0 (en) * 2006-12-01 2007-01-10 Ici Plc Thermal transfer printing
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CN110573672B (en) 2022-11-11
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MA50605A (en) 2020-08-12
FR3065906A1 (en) 2018-11-09

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