EP3616290A1 - Verfahren zum erfassen einer inselnetzbildung - Google Patents
Verfahren zum erfassen einer inselnetzbildungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3616290A1 EP3616290A1 EP18719568.0A EP18719568A EP3616290A1 EP 3616290 A1 EP3616290 A1 EP 3616290A1 EP 18719568 A EP18719568 A EP 18719568A EP 3616290 A1 EP3616290 A1 EP 3616290A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- current
- deviation
- generating unit
- degree
- network
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
- F03D7/0284—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to the state of the electric grid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/25—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
- G01R19/2513—Arrangements for monitoring electric power systems, e.g. power lines or loads; Logging
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
- G01R31/3277—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
- H02M7/53875—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for controlling a generating unit feeding into an electrical supply network, in particular a method for controlling such a wind turbine. Moreover, the present invention relates to such a generating unit, in particular such a wind turbine. Moreover, the present invention relates to a wind farm with at least one such wind turbine.
- Wind turbines are known and nowadays they are often combined in a wind farm, so that many wind turbines, for example 50 or 100, feed into an electrical supply network at a grid connection point. It is often even the case that remote wind farms are additionally connected to the electrical supply network over a comparatively long spur line.
- Such wind farms and the corresponding supply networks are provided with various protective devices.
- the electrical supply network which may be, for example, the European grid
- disconnectors may be provided to electrically disconnect parts or portions of the electrical supply network.
- a separation of a wind farm mentioned here comes into consideration. In this case, such a separation can take place at very different locations. With regard to the wind farm, a separation can take place in the area of the grid connection point and, if a described long spur line is present, this can also take place, for example, at the end or beginning of this spur line. It is also contemplated that a separation takes place in which several wind farms, or in addition also other decentralized feeders such as solar systems, are affected.
- a separation takes place after a section is separated from the rest of the electrical supply network and this separated section further contains interconnected generating units.
- This section may include, for example, multiple electrically interconnected wind farms and solar panels.
- the areas separated by the separation may be referred to as island meshes. The separation with the result of the separation is called islanding.
- island network formation There are different types of island network formation.
- One type of island network formation is one in which the isolated island grid includes only generating units that do not have directly coupled synchronous generators, which thus have no conventional large-scale power plants.
- Such an island network or the particular island grid is referred to here as island grid type A.
- This type of island network or this island network is also characterized by the fact that no additional significant consumers are present or operated in this separated part.
- every wind turbine also includes consumers, such as for operating a process computer.
- this described island network formation to a type A island grid but no consumers are present in the separated part, which are not part of the generating units.
- the examples described above also relate to such islanding of an island grid type A.
- island grid type B or where additionally also at least one large power plant is present and incidentally, the separated part is so large and different participants implies that it could continue to operate independently and can be described as fragmentation.
- the German Patent and Trademark Office has in the priority application for the present application, the following prior art research: DE 195 03 180 A1, DE 10 2008 017 715 A1, DE 10 2014 104 287 A1, DE 691 15 081 T2, US 2013/0076134 A1 , US 5,493,485 A and WO 2017/009608 A1.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object to address at least one of the above-mentioned problems.
- a solution is to be created to detect islanding as quickly as possible and as reliably as possible.
- a method according to claim 1 is proposed. Accordingly, at least one generating unit feeding into an electrical supply network is controlled.
- a generating unit is a wind energy plant.
- This generating unit feeds by means of one or more inverters or inverters in the electrical supply network.
- a converter is a device which generates an alternating current or an alternating voltage of another frequency from an alternating current or an alternating voltage of one frequency.
- An inverter generates an alternating current or an alternating voltage with a desired frequency from a direct current or a direct voltage.
- An inverter can be part of an inverter.
- the decisive factor is that an alternating current or an alternating voltage with a predefinable frequency is generated and, to that extent, all subsequent explanations on a converter apply mutatis mutandis to an inverter and vice versa.
- the generating unit does not feed by a synchronous generator coupled directly to the supply network, but by means of the converter or inverter.
- the method is thus provided for detecting a network separation or island network formation.
- the island network is the result of grid separation, because the network separation forms a stand-alone grid.
- the proposed method comprises at least the following steps. Initially, feeding is controlled by means of feed-in control.
- the feed-in control works with at least one current control.
- the current is detected and returned to control the feeding and thus adjusting the current.
- a current regulation is used in the control-technical sense, which contains at least one control loop.
- At least one current control deviation of the control device is detected.
- Said current control thus includes that there is a current control deviation, namely in particular a deviation between a current setpoint and a detected current actual value.
- This current deviation is thus part of the current control, but is here additionally detected for detecting a network separation or island network formation or further processed and evaluated.
- a reference range can thus be predetermined or predetermined and it describes an area in which the current control deviations may lie.
- this area describes an area in which the current regulation deviations are when operated in a typical non-islanding behavior.
- the current control deviations can additionally give information about an operating point or working range of the feed-in control and thus of the generating unit, in particular of the wind energy plant.
- the basic behavior of the generating unit and the feed-in control and in particular their current control is known.
- area the current control deviation is usually located, that is, in which range it lies when there is no grid separation or stand-alone network formation. Accordingly, this known range can be specified or predetermined as a reference range.
- the island grid is a network to which only the generating unit and one or more further generating units are connected and to which, in particular, no further generating units with directly coupled synchronous generators are connected.
- the island grid is a network to which only the generating unit and one or more further generating units are connected and to which, in particular, no further generating units with directly coupled synchronous generators are connected.
- the invention also proposes a method for controlling a generating unit feeding into an electrical supply network, wherein the generating unit feeds into the electrical supply network by means of one or more inverters or inverters and wherein the method for detecting a grid disconnection is prepared in which one of the electrical supply network! A separate island grid is formed, to which the generating unit is connected, the method distinguishes between a first degree island fault and the presence of a second island island fault and is first checked for detection of island fault of the first degree and after detecting a island fault of the first degree, the existence a second degree island fault is checked.
- the method can thus detect a network separation or island network formation and this can be done, for example, as already explained in accordance with at least one embodiment described above.
- a generating unit that uses one or more inverters or inverters for feeding is used.
- the use of a wind turbine as a generating unit is also proposed here.
- This method distinguishes between a first degree islanding error and a second degree islanding error. Accordingly, a second degree island fault is a more serious error.
- the island fault of the second degree is particularly serious to a greater extent than an island fault of the first degree in that it poses a threat to the generating unit, in particular its converter or inverter.
- the island fault second degree may also cause a threat to other parts of the isolated island network.
- a first degree island fault has been detected, it is proposed as a further step to check the presence of a second degree islanding fault.
- a two-stage test is proposed here, namely first on the island fault of the first degree. If such is not available, there is no need to be tested for a second degree island fault.
- a first degree off-grid error is performed by a method as described in accordance with at least one embodiment above.
- a current value at which the current control deviation is detected is set to zero. It is here so targeted and especially immediately, so as quickly as possible, responded to this island fault first degree. At least the reaction also looks like that the current output of the relevant generating unit should be regulated to zero.
- the generating unit thus remains electrically connected, for example, remains electrically connected to a wind farm network, but it receives the value zero as the current setpoint. It is thus intended to regulate the relevant current, ie in particular the output current of the generating unit, to the value zero.
- a second degree island fault An island fault second degree is so far even rarer and even more critical than the island fault first degree.
- a second degree island fault can be distinguished by the fact that an undesired current occurs in the island grid, especially occurs at the output of the relevant generating unit, ie in particular occurs at the output of a wind turbine or its converter or inverter.
- a test variable or test function be determined for checking the detected current control deviation to a deviation from a predetermined reference range from the current control deviation.
- the amount of current deviation may be used as a test variable, to give a very simple example.
- the dynamics so that, for example, an increase in the control deviation per unit of time is used as the test variable.
- several values, especially in chronological order, can be recorded and used as a test function.
- a transformation of the control deviation or a Control deviation of a transformed current to be regarded as a test variable or test function.
- a reference variable or reference function is formed and compared with the test variable or test function.
- an upper limit for a control deviation can be determined in terms of amount. This upper limit is then the reference value and the amount of the detected control deviation the test value. If this amount exceeds the limit value, it is then assumed that there is a deviation from the predetermined reference range.
- test function In order to check for a deviation from the reference range, it is thus also possible to consider that a detected current-control deviation and, for example, a time-normalized course form the test function. This test function can then be compared with several reference functions. If this test function exceeds a reference function depending on the consideration, this only means that the recorded test function does not match the examined reference function. If, however, another function is found under which this test function falls, then the reference function and thus the current control deviation lie in the predetermined reference range.
- the predetermined reference range be determined as a function of an operating mode or operating state of the generation input. unit, in particular the feed-in control, is specified or changed.
- a corresponding reference function can be specified, which reproduces a correspondingly normal reference range.
- the wind energy installation then changes to a support mode, for example by temporarily providing an instantaneous reserve power by briefly supplying more power to the electrical supply network than is possible due to the wind prevailing at the moment, or more than the rated power, a higher current control deviation, for example, can also occur to be expected.
- the reference range or for the reference size or reference function can be adjusted.
- a variable-width control current deviation can lead to the evaluation that there is grid separation or stand-alone network formation.
- the relevant reference range would thus be selected or adapted or a corresponding reference variable or reference function selected or adapted.
- Another variant would be to establish corresponding reference ranges or reference variables or reference functions for different operating modes and then to test the test variable or test function for each of these reference ranges.
- a difference between a desired and an actual value or a desired and an actual current component of a current to be fed in is used as the current control deviation.
- the current to be injected and its control deviation are considered here in particular.
- a three-phase current is generated and, in addition, a solMstwertone is made for each phase and thus considered for each phase, a current deviation.
- a phase may be a current component of the current to be injected.
- a deviation of the current control deviation from the reference range is present when - the current deviation, test variable or test function exceeds a predetermined limit in magnitude, the current deviation, test variable or test function leaves a predetermined normal band or the current deviation, test variable or Test function changes with a temporal gradient, which exceeds the amount according to a predetermined limit gradient.
- the current deviation which is used for testing whether there is a grid separation or stand-alone network formation is formed according to a vector metric from amounts of the deviations of each phase current from its current setpoint.
- Each phase current, current setpoint and also the respective deviation between them can each be described as a vector, possibly time-varying. Such a consideration may be referred to particularly as vector metrics.
- the sum of such amounts is considered as a current deviation.
- a network separation or stand-alone network formation is detected if the current control deviation thus detected, that is to say in particular the sum of the amounts, exceeds a deviation limit value.
- an amount of the current control deviation, test variable or test function is set in relation to a tolerance bandwidth, in particular to an average tolerance bandwidth.
- a network separation is detected when the ratio of the amount of the deviation or the deviation sum to the tolerance bandwidth exceeds the deviation limit value.
- a network separation if the amount of deviation is many times greater than the tolerance bandwidth. Then it is to be assumed that a network separation, because the underlying tolerance band method could not rudimentally correct the deviation and, in particular, this very high control deviation was exceeded by a multiple of the tolerance bandwidth.
- a deviation of the nominal current from the upper band limit can be assumed as a system deviation if this is exceeded or from the lower band limit if this is undershot. Alternatively, it is possible to base the evaluation of the current control deviation on a value curve within the tolerance band.
- a three-phase feed-in current in particular by predetermining current components by means of a vector control, be fed into the electrical supply network, with the three-phase feed current being controlled by means of a dq transformation into a d-component and a q- to control the feed-in.
- Component is decomposed.
- the recognition of a network separation or island network formation by designing a deviation from the predetermined reference range is interpreted as detecting a first-degree islanding network error.
- the generating unit continues to be operated. In particular, it continues to operate with a zero current setpoint.
- a second degree islanding error be checked and then assuming the existence of a second islanding error second degree, if a current control deviation is still detected, although a current setpoint value is zero in the feed-in control.
- a second degree islanding error then exists if the generating unit fails to actually comply with the current setpoint value of zero. Accordingly, there is a large exception error, namely a second degree island fault, in which the resulting island network of the generating unit basically imposes a current, be it positive or negative. Exactly this situation is preferably checked here.
- the generating unit after detection of an islanding fault of the first degree, the generating unit remains connected to the electrical supply network or the island grid and after detection of a second island fault, the generating unit is disconnected from the electrical supply network or the island grid or parking network.
- a galvanic separation is proposed here. The separation can also be done by means of appropriate power semiconductors. It is thus not only advantageously tested in a second step for a second degree island fault, but it is also, should such a second degree island fault be recognized, a further security measure proposed.
- the method is implemented in the generating unit so that it carries out the proposed steps quickly in succession, and thus very quickly too, should that be necessary, perform this separation in case of second degree islanding error.
- a generation unit in particular a wind turbine, is also proposed.
- This includes at least one or more inverters or inverters for feeding electrical power into the electrical supply network.
- a converter or inverter is used, depends on the specific design of the generating unit, especially the wind turbine. It is important that the generating unit is not designed in such a way that it feeds via a synchronous generator directly coupled to the grid, but via a converter or an inverter unit.
- a feed-in control is provided, which is prepared to control the feeding by means of at least one current control.
- a current regulation is implemented in the feed-in control.
- measuring devices which carry out the corresponding current measurement for current regulation.
- a detection means is provided for detecting at least one current control deviation of the control device.
- the current control deviation is thus not only used for the current control of the feed-in control, but also used for further testing.
- the detection means can also be formed in that it receives the current deviation as a signal from the feed control.
- the detection means can also be provided as a software solution. Another evaluation of the flow control deviation in the feed-in control comes into consideration. In this case, the detection means would be a corresponding evaluation block in the software.
- a test means is provided for checking the detected current deviation to a deviation from a predetermined reference range. This test equipment can also be designed as software in a test block. It can also be implemented within the feed-in control.
- the system controller is prepared to recognize a network separation when a deviation from the predetermined reference range has been detected.
- the grid separation is one in which a stand-alone grid separated from the electrical supply grid is created, namely that to which the generating unit is connected.
- the generating unit in particular a wind energy plant, is characterized in that it is prepared to carry out a method according to at least one of the embodiments described above.
- a wind farm with several wind turbines is also proposed. At least one of the wind turbines, preferably all of these wind turbines, is or are each a generating unit or wind turbine according to an embodiment described above. It is particularly advantageous for such a wind farm that, in the event of grid disconnection, it can form the island grid or can form a significant part of such an isolated grid. The detection of such a network separation and the proposed action taken can thus lead to a protection of the wind turbines but thereby also to a protection of the wind farm as a whole. Therefore, it is advantageous to provide a wind farm with such wind turbines that can detect such separation or islanding.
- Figure 1 shows a wind turbine in a perspective view.
- FIG. 2 shows a wind farm in a schematic representation.
- Figure 3 shows schematically a part of a generating unit with elements for illustrating the behavior in the case of islanding according to an embodiment.
- Figure 4 shows schematically a part of a generating unit and elements for illustrating the behavior in the case of islanding according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a wind energy plant 100 with a tower 102 and a nacelle 104.
- a rotor 106 with three rotor blades 108 and a spinner 110 is arranged on the nacelle 104.
- the rotor 106 is set in rotation by the wind in rotation and thereby drives a generator in the nacelle 104 at.
- FIG. 2 shows a wind farm 1 12 with, by way of example, three wind turbines 100, which may be the same or different.
- the three wind turbines 100 are thus representative of virtually any number of wind turbines of a wind farm 1 12.
- the wind turbines 100 provide their power, namely in particular the 5 generated power via an electric parking network 1 14 ready.
- a transformer 1 16 which transforms the voltage in the park, to then at the feed point 1 18, which is also commonly referred to as PCC, in the supply network 120th feed.
- Figure 2 is only a simplified illustration of a wind farm 1 12 which, for example, does not show control, although of course there is control.
- the parking network 1 14 be designed differently, in which, for example, a transformer at the output of each wind turbine 100 is present, to name just another embodiment.
- FIG. 3 shows a part of a generation unit 300, namely, in particular, an inverter 302, with a system controller 304, which contains elements for measuring, evaluating and controlling the inverter 302.
- the inverter 302 has a DC intermediate circuit 306, which receives power or energy from a generator part 308 of the generating unit 300.
- the generator part 308 is indicated here only schematically and can, for example, for a
- the DC intermediate circuit 306 thus receives its power or energy from the generator part 308 and, based on this, the inverter 302 can generate a three-phase output current at the inverter output 310. This output current is output via the mains chokes or three-phase mains choke 312 and can there as well
- This output current i (t) is therefore representative of the entire three-phase current or representative of a measurement of a phase current of each of the phases.
- phase currents i (t) For each of these phase currents i (t), a desired 30 / actual value comparison is respectively performed on the current comparator 316 between the detected actual current which was detected by the current measuring means 314 and a desired current.
- the currents hi, and isi are plotted as actual values there as actual currents of the individual phases, which currents are subtracted from the respective desired current h s , i 2s or i 3 s .
- the desired currents h s , 12s and i3s are specified in the transformation block 318 for each phase. This should also be illustrated with the indicated sine waves sin, which are shown in different phase positions.
- a multiplier arrangement 320 is arranged, which is intended to take into account the case of islanding and only then becomes relevant. As long as no island network formation has been detected and thus in particular there is also no island network error, the multipliers each receive the value 1 as error signal EF, so that the current nominal values which the transformation block 318 outputs reach the respective comparator 316 unchanged.
- the transformation block 318 receives current setpoint values in dq coordinates as input variables, namely the setpoint value ids and the setpoint value i qs .
- the setpoint current component i qs is thereby predefined essentially directly.
- the setpoint current component ids also takes into account a setpoint / actual comparison of the voltage comparator 322, which forms a sol d value difference between the voltage Vdc detected at the DC voltage intermediate circuit 306 and a predetermined voltage Vdcs.
- the transformation block 318 also takes into account a transformation angle ⁇ , which is determined by a PLL control 324 from a measured output voltage v (t).
- the output voltage v (t) is detected by means of a voltage measuring means 326, for example in the region between the three-phase mains choke 312 and a power transformer 328.
- the power transformer 328 is then connected to the indicated network 330.
- the grid 330 may be the electrical utility grid and the grid connection point 332 may be between the grid transformer 328 and the indicated grid 330.
- the current control deviations ⁇ , ⁇ , 2 and ⁇ , 3, ie the outputs of each comparator 316 are supplied to the control blocks 334.
- the drive blocks 334 respectively drive respective semiconductor switches in the inverter 302 to generate the output currents iii, 2I, and i3i from the DC voltage in the DC link 306.
- the drive blocks 334 together form feed-in control.
- the comparators 316 and, if appropriate, a setpoint value, in particular the transformation block 318, can be added to the feed-in control.
- the current control deviations ⁇ , ⁇ , 2 and ⁇ , 3 are also input to the test block 336, which thus forms the test means.
- This test means or the test block 336 checks whether the current control deviation deviates from a predetermined reference range.
- the symbolic data feed 338 can to this extent also be regarded as detection means for detecting the current control deviations.
- the current control deviations are formed in the current comparators 316 to control the feed, but their forwarding to the test block 336 is another detection to that extent.
- test block 336 it is thus checked whether these current control deviations or current control deviations ⁇ , ⁇ , 2 and ⁇ 13 deviate from a predetermined reference range.
- a check of the absolute values of these three differential currents ⁇ , ⁇ , 2 and ⁇ 13 with a limit value is considered here.
- an average of their amounts can be formed and compared with a corresponding limit value, or their amounts are added up and this sum is compared with an absolute limit value. If it turns out that there is a network separation and thus an island network, the error signal EF is output. This error signal EF can be given to another evaluation or control block 340.
- This evaluation and control block may include, for example, to inform the network operator or the plant operator or a park operator of the detected error.
- it is provided to give the error signal EF to the multiplier arrangement 320, there with the desired currents h s o, i2so and. i3so to be multiplied.
- the desired currents h s o, i2so and. i3so to be multiplied.
- the desired currents h s o, i2so and. i3so can be designed so that it assumes the value zero in the event of an error. This would then the three desired currents h s , 12s and. i3s have the value zero.
- this use of the multiplier arrangement 320 is to be understood symbolically in particular, and various other implementations come into consideration, such as the error signal already to be considered in the transformation block 318.
- an error propagation 342 is shown to indicate that the error signal may also directly affect the control values output from the drive blocks 334.
- the fastest possible and immediate response or measure is proposed.
- the generating unit 300 can continue to remain connected, ie in particular also be connected to the network 330 via the network transformer 328 and the grid connection point 332. But it is detected that the output current i (t) or the three phase currents hi, and ⁇ 3 ⁇ are not zero, especially if it is detected that they have a very high value, this may also be detected in the test block 336. In particular, it is implemented in the test block 336 that such monitoring is performed. Thus, such a current behavior is monitored in the test block 336, especially after occurrence of islanding. In that regard, the detection of an island mesh formation described so far with reference to FIG. 3 is the detection of a first-degree islanding fault.
- this first-degree islanding fault has been detected and the current setpoint or setpoint values have been set to zero, a current is still detected, in particular a high output current is detected, possibly also with a negative sign, this can be considered as second degree islanding error in the test block 336 be recorded.
- the special error signal EEF is output.
- This special error signal EEF can also be supplied to the evaluation and control block 340 in order to communicate this, for example, to a system, parking or network operator.
- it is proposed that upon detection of this island network error of the second degree of the intended disconnect switch 344 is controlled by the test block 336 immediately, namely so that it opens.
- the generating unit 300 and thus its inverter 302 is thus separated from the rest of the network.
- the network separation takes place as close as possible to the generating unit 300 and the inverter 302, namely directly behind the line choke 312. This may mean, for example, a separation of a wind park network 346, which is only hinted at here and also assumes that the generating unit 300th a wind turbine is.
- FIG. 4 shows a generation unit 400 or a part thereof, which has an inverter 402 and a system controller 404. Also provided is a DC link 406 which is powered by a generator section 408 and provides power to inverter 402 to provide inverter output 410 with output current i (t) and three phase currents in, respectively Also, a three-phase line choke 412 is present. In addition, a line filter 413 is indicated here.
- FIG. 4 also shows a parking network 446, a network transformer 428, a network 430, and before that a network connection point 432.
- an arrangement of a plurality of drive blocks 434 is also provided. These drive blocks can at least partially form the feed-in control. Unlike in the embodiment of FIG. 3, however, a voltage control or a vector control is provided here. Especially a triangular modulation is proposed here. For this, the three-phase output current i (t) with the Current measuring means 414 detected, and transformed in a current transformation block 450 into a q- component i q and a d-component id. The transformation angle ⁇ required therefor is also determined here by means of a PLL control 424 which uses a detected voltage v (t) of the voltage measurement means 426 as input variable.
- the components i q and id transformed in the current transformation block 450 are then compared in a current comparator arrangement 416 with a desired current component ids or i qs , respectively.
- the calculation is very similar to the embodiment of Figure 3 and in particular the current component ids is compared by means of a voltage comparator 422 from the voltages Vdc (t) and Vdcs.
- the two differential current components Aid and Aiq arise.
- These two differential current components Aid and Ai q thus form the control current deviation and this is supplied via the data feed 438 to the test block 436.
- the data feed 438 can thus also be understood here as a detection means which detects this current control deviation from the feed-in control and supplies it to the test block 436.
- the test block 436 which thus represents a test means, then first checks for a network separation or island network formation and thus for a first-island island fault. If such an islanding network error of the first degree is detected, the error signal EF is also output here.
- This error signal EF is for the sake of simplicity just as designated as the embodiment of Figure 3, but may differ in its values. Preferably, however, it does not differ and has the value zero or one. If it has the value one, this means that there is no error, ie no grid separation or stand-alone network formation has been detected.
- this value one have no effect on the multiplier arrangement 420, so ids and i qs does not change the depth there target current components because of the multiplication by the first But if a network error of the first degree is detected, this error signal EF can assume the value zero. This results in the setpoint current components being set to zero.
- the symbolically represented error forwarding 442 indicates a direct and immediate effect on control signals of the control blocks 434 for driving the inverter 402.
- the error signal EF can be supplied to the evaluation and control block 440 in order, for example, to continue to communicate this information and not only to use it for the regulation.
- test block 436 continues the test and checks whether a second-degree off-grid error also occurs. Again, this is done based on the sensed current droop that is still provided to the test block 436 by the data feed 438. If an islanding network error of the second degree is detected, the disconnecting switch 444 is actuated, namely opened, and the inverter 402 is thus disconnected from the parking network 446. In addition, this particular error EEF is fed to the evaluation and control block 440.
- the inverter 402 will continue to operate and not separate, but it will not feed any current. If, nevertheless, a current is detected, in particular one which has a high value and can not be explained by the control of the inverter 402, a second-degree stand-alone system fault is assumed and the disconnecting switch 444 is opened.
- the evaluation and control block 440 can also be used to give a reset signal to the test block 436.
- the circuit breaker 444 can be closed again and it can also accept the error signal EF again the value one, and thereby the target current can again Leave zero. It is also contemplated that only a first degree island fault was detected and the disconnect switch 444 was not opened. But even then the evaluation and control block 440 may give a reset signal to the test block 436 to reset at least the error signal EF again to a value which shows that there is no error, in particular to the value one.
- this functionality is to give a reset signal from the evaluation and control block 440 to the test block 436 in the same manner described also for the embodiment of Figure 3, therefore there the evaluation and control block 340 is a reset signal can give to the test block 336.
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102017108637.4A DE102017108637A1 (de) | 2017-04-24 | 2017-04-24 | Verfahren zum Erfassen einer Inselnetzbildung |
PCT/EP2018/060441 WO2018197468A1 (de) | 2017-04-24 | 2018-04-24 | Verfahren zum erfassen einer inselnetzbildung |
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EP3616290A1 true EP3616290A1 (de) | 2020-03-04 |
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EP18719568.0A Pending EP3616290A1 (de) | 2017-04-24 | 2018-04-24 | Verfahren zum erfassen einer inselnetzbildung |
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US (1) | US11081886B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3616290A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP6914358B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20190137918A (de) |
CN (1) | CN110546844B (de) |
BR (1) | BR112019022067A2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA3060181C (de) |
DE (1) | DE102017108637A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2734165C1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018197468A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
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CN112799378A (zh) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-05-14 | 中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 | 一种用于风力发电机组硬件信号的诊断及模拟方法 |
Family Cites Families (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03256533A (ja) | 1990-03-02 | 1991-11-15 | Shikoku Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | 系統連系システム |
AU655889B2 (en) * | 1992-06-24 | 1995-01-12 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Inverter protection device |
JP3291390B2 (ja) * | 1994-02-07 | 2002-06-10 | 三菱電機株式会社 | インバータの故障検出方式 |
JP2001320834A (ja) | 2000-05-09 | 2001-11-16 | Canon Inc | 系統連系インバータ装置、系統連系電源システム、太陽光発電システムおよび系統の停電検出方法 |
DE102004059100A1 (de) * | 2004-12-08 | 2006-06-14 | Kolm, Hendrik, Dipl.-Ing. | Verfahren zum Überwachen von dezentralen Energieerzeugungsanlagen mit Wechselrichtern zur Verhinderung ungewollten Inselbetriebs |
JP2006254659A (ja) | 2005-03-14 | 2006-09-21 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | 分散型電源装置 |
JP2007135256A (ja) | 2005-11-08 | 2007-05-31 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 系統連系インバータ |
DE102007049251A1 (de) * | 2007-10-12 | 2009-04-23 | Repower Systems Ag | Windenergieanlagen mit Regelung für Netzfehler und Betriebsverfahren hierfür |
DE102008017715A1 (de) * | 2008-04-02 | 2009-10-15 | Nordex Energy Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Windenergieanlage mit einer doppelt gespeisten Asynchronmaschine sowie Windenergieanlage mit einer doppelt gespeisten Asynchronmaschine |
DE102009014012B4 (de) | 2009-03-23 | 2014-02-13 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Windenergieanlage |
US8334618B2 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2012-12-18 | Eaton Corporation | Method and area electric power system detecting islanding by employing controlled reactive power injection by a number of inverters |
DE102010032822A1 (de) | 2010-04-21 | 2011-10-27 | Thomas Fricke | Stromerzeugungssystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen |
JP5570929B2 (ja) | 2010-09-28 | 2014-08-13 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 電力変換装置および電力供給システム |
US9843191B2 (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2017-12-12 | General Electric Company | Power converter for executing anti-islanding procedures upon detecting an islanding condition |
DE102012204220A1 (de) | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-19 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Verfahren zum Steuern einer Anordnung zum Einspeisen elektrischen Stroms in ein Versorgungsnetz |
WO2014032256A1 (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2014-03-06 | General Electric Company | System and method for protecting electrical machines |
US9671442B2 (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2017-06-06 | General Electric Company | System and method for detecting a grid event |
AT514170B1 (de) * | 2013-03-28 | 2015-05-15 | Gerald Dipl Ing Hehenberger | Antriebsstrang einer Energiegewinnungsanlage und Verfahren zum Regeln |
EP2793392B1 (de) * | 2013-04-16 | 2023-07-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Steuergerät zur Steuerung eines Stromwandlers |
CN104300519B (zh) * | 2014-10-17 | 2018-01-23 | 国家电网公司 | 一种光伏并网逆变器低电压穿越时抑制电流过大的方法 |
EP3118982B1 (de) * | 2015-07-16 | 2020-09-02 | GE Energy Power Conversion Technology Ltd | Dynamische netzstabilisierung in einer schiffsstromversorgung |
CN106226623B (zh) * | 2016-07-26 | 2020-01-03 | 上海电气分布式能源科技有限公司 | 一种孤岛检测方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-04-24 DE DE102017108637.4A patent/DE102017108637A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-04-24 US US16/607,675 patent/US11081886B2/en active Active
- 2018-04-24 WO PCT/EP2018/060441 patent/WO2018197468A1/de unknown
- 2018-04-24 BR BR112019022067A patent/BR112019022067A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-04-24 JP JP2019556890A patent/JP6914358B2/ja active Active
- 2018-04-24 RU RU2019137609A patent/RU2734165C1/ru active
- 2018-04-24 KR KR1020197034622A patent/KR20190137918A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-04-24 EP EP18719568.0A patent/EP3616290A1/de active Pending
- 2018-04-24 CA CA3060181A patent/CA3060181C/en active Active
- 2018-04-24 CN CN201880027297.7A patent/CN110546844B/zh active Active
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WO2018197468A1 (de) | 2018-11-01 |
JP2020518216A (ja) | 2020-06-18 |
KR20190137918A (ko) | 2019-12-11 |
CA3060181A1 (en) | 2018-11-01 |
JP6914358B2 (ja) | 2021-08-04 |
CN110546844A (zh) | 2019-12-06 |
CN110546844B (zh) | 2024-04-09 |
US11081886B2 (en) | 2021-08-03 |
DE102017108637A1 (de) | 2018-10-25 |
BR112019022067A2 (pt) | 2020-05-05 |
US20200191840A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
RU2734165C1 (ru) | 2020-10-13 |
CA3060181C (en) | 2022-10-18 |
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