EP3614077A1 - Buse pour appareil de fabrication de neige, tête de lance à neige et procédé pour produire une pulvérisation conique creuse fendue - Google Patents

Buse pour appareil de fabrication de neige, tête de lance à neige et procédé pour produire une pulvérisation conique creuse fendue Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP3614077A1
EP3614077A1 EP18190217.2A EP18190217A EP3614077A1 EP 3614077 A1 EP3614077 A1 EP 3614077A1 EP 18190217 A EP18190217 A EP 18190217A EP 3614077 A1 EP3614077 A1 EP 3614077A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
orifice
flow
spray
nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18190217.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3614077B1 (fr
EP3614077C0 (fr
Inventor
Fredrik Hedin
Johan Hoffmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Innosnow AB
Original Assignee
Innosnow AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Innosnow AB filed Critical Innosnow AB
Priority to EP18190217.2A priority Critical patent/EP3614077B1/fr
Publication of EP3614077A1 publication Critical patent/EP3614077A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3614077B1 publication Critical patent/EP3614077B1/fr
Publication of EP3614077C0 publication Critical patent/EP3614077C0/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B05B1/06—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape in annular, tubular or hollow conical form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C3/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow
    • F25C3/04—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow for sledging or ski trails; Producing artificial snow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C2303/00—Special arrangements or features for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Special arrangements or features for producing artificial snow
    • F25C2303/048—Snow making by using means for spraying water

Definitions

  • the present invention relates, in general, to nozzles and methods for producing snow.
  • Snowmaking apparatuses are used for producing artificial snow, for example for winter sports such as e.g. downhill skiing and cross-country skiing.
  • a snow lance generally comprises a relatively long vertical or somewhat inclined tube which delivers water to a snow lance head, which is arranged at the upper end of the tube and may be situated several meters above the ground.
  • the snow lance head comprises at least one snow lance nozzle which receives water and ejects it in a spray curtain of water droplets into the freezing atmosphere. The water droplets subsequently freeze to form snow flakes which fall to the ground.
  • the process is frequently aided by injecting ice nuclei into the spray curtain of water droplets, such that the ice nuclei may act as seeds for the crystallization of the water droplets which may facilitate the snow formation.
  • the ice nuclei may be produced by at least one ice nucleator nozzle which mixes water with compressed air and forcibly expels the mixture. The compressed air may then expand and cool, thereby creating an ice nuclei jet.
  • the at least one ice nucleator nozzle is frequently placed at the snow lance head in the vicinity of the snow lance nozzle and arranged to direct the ice nuclei jet such that it overlaps with the spray curtain of water droplets.
  • the snow lance nozzle is generally configured to produce a spray curtain of water droplets in the form of a flat fan or a hollow cone.
  • a flat fan spray may be produced by expelling the water from a narrow slit.
  • a hollow cone spray may be produced by swirling a flow of water and then ejecting it through a round orifice. The flow of water may be injected tangentially along the inner surface of a cylindrical cavity at the bottom portion of the cylindrical cavity. The flow of water may then move along a swirling path towards the orifice at the top of the cylindrical cavity where it is expelled. Subsequently, the centrifugal force from the swirling motion of the water may cause the expelled water to take the shape of a hollow cone spray.
  • the nozzle for a snowmaking apparatus described herein may be particularly useful for snow lances. For that reason, the nozzle may be referred to as a snow lance nozzle in the text. It should be understood that the terms nozzle for a snowmaking apparatus and snow lance nozzle may be used interchangeably in the text. However, it should also be understood that the nozzle may be used for other snowmaking apparatuses, such as e.g. fan guns.
  • a nozzle for a snowmaking apparatus for producing a slitted hollow cone spray wherein the slitted hollow cone spray is formed by a spray curtain of water droplets, said spray curtain having the shape of a hollow cone with a slit, said slit forming a lateral air path into a hollow cone interior;
  • the snow lance nozzle comprising:
  • snow lances can be made to produce more snow far away from the snow lance, so that the range of the snow lance increases. This may e.g. result in fewer snow lances being needed to cover the same ground area of a piste in a ski slope, thus saving installation costs.
  • snow lances can be made to produce less snow close to the snow lance. This may reduce close vicinity losses in terms of snow ending up outside the piste or at the edges of the piste.
  • snow lances may also improve the experience for the visitors at a winter sport venue.
  • the pistes can be made wider if the snow lances reach further.
  • Snow lances placed in the middle of the piste may not be needed which gives more room for skiing and reduces the risk of accidents.
  • the snow cover may become less patchy when long range snow lances are arranged to form highly overlapping deposition areas. If the snow lances are placed at the sides of the piste (as they normally are), more snow can be placed at the center of the piste (where most of the skiing take place) when less snow is produced at the edges of the piste.
  • a snow lance producing a hollow cone spray may at least in some respects perform better than a snow lance producing a flat fan spray.
  • the hollow cone spray has a larger surface area which improves the heat transfer. A higher flowrate is therefore possible, which may result in more snow per time unit.
  • the snow lance nozzle according to a first aspect of the invention may be used to increase the range of a hollow cone spray and to reduce close vicinity losses. Experiments have shown that the range may increase by a factor 2 to 3 with a snow lance nozzle producing a slitted hollow cone spray as compared to a snow lance nozzle producing a non-slitted hollow cone spray, while reducing the snow production in close proximity to the snow lance.
  • a slit in the spray curtain may improve the range. Without a slit the air pressure may drop inside the cone due to a high dynamic pressure from the outflowing spray in accordance with Bernoulli's principle. Bernoulli's principle states that the total pressure is the sum of the static and the dynamic pressure. Thus, if the dynamic pressure increases the static pressure drops. A low pressure in the interior of the cone may suck in water droplets, in particular smaller ones. The change of trajectory may slow the droplets down which may have two effects. Firstly, droplets which deviate from the intended spray pattern and enter into the cone interior may fall out as snow at an early stage, close to the snow lance.
  • deviating droplets may interfere with non-deviating droplets, thus slowing these down as well and reducing the range of the spray.
  • Another effect of a low pressure in the hollow cone interior may be that the front of the hollow cone collapses at an early stage. At the front of the hollow cone the droplets of the spray curtain may have slowed down due to air resistance and interference with deviating droplets.
  • a low pressure in the hollow cone interior may fold the sidewalls inwards such that the front collapses, thereby effectively ending the range of the spray.
  • a lateral slit in the conical surface of the hollow cone may create an air path which may allow pressure equalization between the interior and exterior of the hollow cone. This in turn may improve the performance in accordance with the above realizations.
  • the slit should be construed as a lateral reduction in the denseness of the water droplets, the slit may thus not necessarily be completely free of water droplets as it may be difficult to ensure that no droplet finds its way into the intended slit. Nevertheless, it should be understood that a slit comprising a significant reduction in the denseness of the water droplets also may allow for sufficient pressure equalization.
  • the water swirler and the orifice are further configured such that the cross-section of the slitted hollow cone spray has a denseness of water droplets at a central part of the slit which is below 50% of the denseness of water droplets at a central part of the spray curtain.
  • the hollow cone should be construed as a cone with a reduction in the denseness of the water droplets at the cone axis.
  • the lateral thickness of the spray curtain as well as the cone apex angel may vary from one embodiment to another and that the denseness of the water droplets may vary radially according to e.g. a normal distribution.
  • the center of the cone may not necessarily be completely free of water droplets. Nevertheless, it should be understood that a cone with a significant reduction in the denseness of the water droplets along the cone axis may also function effectively.
  • the water swirler and the orifice are further configured such that the cross-section of the slitted hollow cone spray has a denseness of water droplets at the cone axis which is below 50% of the denseness of water droplets at a central part of the spray curtain.
  • the water swirler and the orifice are configured such that the slitted hollow cone spray has a cone apex angle of 15° to 90°. This may result in a reasonable compromise between range and lateral coverage of the snow deposition. A larger cone apex angle may result in a shorter range and wider lateral coverage of the snow deposition.
  • the water swirler and the orifice are configured such that the air pressure in the hollow cone interior is the same as the air pressure at the hollow cone exterior.
  • an air pressure in the hollow cone interior which is lower than the air pressure at the hollow cone exterior may still be acceptable. Any reduction of the pressure drop in the hollow cone when a slit is used compared to when a slit is not used may result in a valuable improvement of the performance of the snow lance.
  • the term "orifice” should be construed as an opening at an end of the spray outlet.
  • the orifice may form a shape of an end surface for the spray outlet.
  • the orifice may also form part of a shape extending a distance into the spray outlet and/or form a shape partly extending out from a planar end surface of the spray outlet.
  • the water swirler and the orifice are further configured such that a cross-section of the slitted hollow cone spray, the cross-section being perpendicular to a cone axis, forms an open curve spanning an angle of 270° to 450°.
  • spanning an angle herein refers to the angle around the cone axis spanned when tracing the open curve from one endpoint to another.
  • the cross-section may not form an open curve unless the open curve spans an angle below 360°.
  • a cross-section forming an open curve spanning an angle above 360° may be implemented e.g.
  • the cross-section into the form of a spiral curve segment, i.e. that one endpoint of the open curve has a first radius relative to the cone axis and that the radius increases along the open curve to reach a second radius at the other endpoint of the open curve.
  • the radius may increase continuously from one endpoint to another.
  • one part of the open curve e.g. comprising a first endpoint
  • the other part e.g. comprising a second endpoint
  • the open curve may span an angle above 360°, as the second endpoint has a larger radius and therefore may overlap the rest of the curve without forming a closed curve.
  • a snow lance nozzle according to the embodiment may provide a reasonable trade-off between generating a slitted hollow cone spray with as large surface area as possible while still achieving an efficient air path into the hollow cone interior.
  • the water swirler and the orifice are further configured such that a cross-section of the slitted hollow cone spray, the cross-section being perpendicular to a cone axis, forms an open curve spanning an angle of 330° to 390°. This may allow the hollow cone spray to be output in a large angular range while allowing air to efficiently equalize pressure between the interior and the exterior of the hollow cone.
  • the open curve comprises a spiral curve segment. Creating a slitted hollow cone spray wherein the cross-section forms an open curve wherein at least part of the open curve is shaped like a spiral curve segment may be easier to practically achieve, from a fluid dynamics point of view, than cross-sections shaped elsewise.
  • the flow diverter comprises an orifice perimeter step, said orifice perimeter step being a kink in a curve, wherein the curve defines a perimeter of a cross-section of the orifice, the cross-section being taken perpendicular to the main direction of the flow of swirling water, wherein the orifice perimeter step is configured to divert the flow of swirling water in a direction away from the cone axis such that the flow of swirling water rotationally passing over the orifice perimeter step is centrifugally spun outwards, thereby locally disturbing the rotational motion of the flow of swirling water to produce a slitted hollow cone spray.
  • a possible explanation for creation of the hollow cone is that the rotational motion of the swirling water as it is ejected through the orifice that creates the hollow cone shape through the centrifugal force.
  • the centrifugal force being an inertial force in a direction away from the cone axis.
  • the centrifugal force may allow the water to suddenly change direction out of the rotational frame of reference such that the spray curtain becomes discontinuous and a slit opens up.
  • the orifice perimeter step is a kink in a curve, wherein the curve defines a perimeter of a cross-section of the orifice, and a kink may be seen as any sharp turn in the curve which is sharp enough to create a sudden change of direction out of the rotational frame of reference for the swirling water.
  • An advantage of this embodiment may be that the manufacturing process can be very simple.
  • An orifice may be milled such that an orifice perimeter step is formed.
  • an existing round orifice may be modified by e.g. milling.
  • new inserts comprising an orifice perimeter step may be sold separately. This means that an existing snow lance nozzle producing a hollow cone spray may easily be modified into a snow lance nozzle producing a slitted hollow cone spray. The modification may then be done in the time that it takes to unscrew the old insert and screw in the new, resulting in virtually no down time for the snow lance.
  • the orifice perimeter step is configured such that the flow of swirling water loses contact with a surface of the orifice as the flow of swirling water rotationally passes over the orifice perimeter step. It may be advantageous to allow the water to be freely spun outwards without being in contact with the surface of the orifice. When there is no surface counteracting the centrifugal force this force may be optimally utilized for opening up the slit. Such an embodiment may also mean that the last contact between the water and the orifice as the water is being ejected from the orifice, forms an open curve. Thus a cross-section of the slitted hollow cone spray may also form an open curve.
  • a low pressure region may be created on the outside of the water flowing over the orifice perimeter step in accordance with Bernoulli's principle.
  • the low pressure region may help to locally disturb the rotational motion such that the slit is opened up.
  • the perimeter of the cross-section of the orifice comprises a curve in the form of a spiral segment.
  • This form may be advantageous from a fluid dynamics point of view as a gradual change in the rotational radius of the water may reduce e.g. turbulence and energy losses.
  • the spiral segment may represent a smooth change in radius without kinks and it may thereby prevent slits being opened up at other places than at the intended orifice perimeter step.
  • the ratio between a maximum radius of the spiral segment and a minimum radius of the spiral segment is at least 5/3.
  • This radius ratio may be particularly advantageous in generating a slit in the hollow cone spray to generate a long range of the snow lance nozzle.
  • the orifice perimeter step comprises a corner in a path along the perimeter of the cross-section of the orifice, wherein the path approaches the corner in the same direction as the flow of swirling water and wherein the corner comprises an at least 90° turn in the path in a direction away from the cone axis.
  • Such an orifice perimeter step can e.g. be advantageous as it may allow the flow of swirling water to effectively lose contact with the surface of the orifice.
  • the water may be flowing tangentially to the surface of the orifice and at the next moment, as the water passes over the orifice perimeter step, the water may be spun along a trajectory at an angle of at least 90° to the surface of the orifice.
  • an angle below 90° may also be used, e.g. an angle of at least 45°.
  • the rotational speed of the flow of swirling water may still allow the water to lose contact with the orifice surface.
  • the orifice perimeter step comprises a circular curve segment, wherein the circular curve segment connects two endpoints of the spiral segment. It may be fluid dynamically advantageous to have a rounded indentation of the orifice surface on the outside of the water flowing over the orifice perimeter step, as formed by the circular curve segment. Experiments and simulations have shown that this may give a desired slitted hollow cone spray, possibly with a cross-section forming an open curve spanning an angle above 360°.
  • a low pressure region formed in the rounded indentation sucks water into the indentation, the water following the rounded surface smoothly such that in the rounded indentation the water may have a velocity vector component in the reverse direction to the rotational motion of the rest of the swirling water.
  • This may result in a cross-section of the slitted hollow cone spray having the shape of a spiral curve segment spanning an angle above 360°.
  • an orifice perimeter step comprising a circular curve segment may be easy to manufacture as it may be created by milling.
  • the cross-section of the orifice that forms the orifice perimeter step extends an orifice depth in the main direction of the flow of swirling water, wherein the orifice depth is up to four times as long as the minimum radius of the orifice. It has been found that in such an embodiment, the water may interact sufficiently with the orifice perimeter step to create an effective disturbance of the rotational motion. At the same time such an interaction length is not too long so that unnecessary turbulence and energy losses may thereby be avoided.
  • the flow diverter comprises an orifice flange, said orifice flange being formed by an orifice rim which is not confined to a single plane, wherein a protuberance out of a main orifice rim plane is configured such that a curve, defining the last contact between the water and the orifice rim as the water is being ejected from the orifice, does not form a closed curve.
  • the flange may be formed in many different shapes.
  • the orifice rim may be shaped e.g. like a fin, a wedge or the bow of a ship. Water which flows on one side of the orifice flange may not be in contact with the water flowing on the other side of the orifice flange as it leaves the orifice rim. If a line is drawn along the last contact point between the water and the orifice rim and the line forms an open curve rather than a closed curve, then the water which is centrifugally spun outwards from that last contact point may be likely to retain a cross-section which also forms an open curve. Thus the cross-section of the slitted hollow cone spray, the cross-section being perpendicular to a cone axis, may form an open curve.
  • a snow lance head for producing artificial snow comprising:
  • a snow lance head may have a long range and/or low close vicinity losses, i.e. it may deposit a large amount of snow far away from the snow lance head and a small amount of snow close to the snow lance head. Furthermore, the snow lance head may provide an efficient use of the ice nuclei jet. When water droplets are sucked into a low pressure region in the interior of a hollow cone spray they may slow down. By interacting with the ice nuclei jet these slow moving droplets may drain the ice nuclei jet from ice nuclei which would be of better use interacting with fast moving droplets which could fall out as snow further away.
  • a snow lance head comprising a snow lance nozzle for producing a slitted hollow cone spray may not need an ice nuclei jet which is as intense as if the snow lance nozzle produced a hollow cone spray without a slit.
  • the compressed air consumption and power consumption may be reduced.
  • a method for producing a slitted hollow cone spray wherein the slitted hollow cone spray is formed by a spray curtain of water droplets, said spray curtain having the shape of a hollow cone with a slit, said slit forming a lateral air path into a hollow cone interior; the method comprising:
  • ejecting the flow of swirling water and simultaneously disturbing the rotational motion of the flow of swirling water comprises: forming a cross-section of the slitted hollow cone spray, the cross-section being perpendicular to a cone axis, into an open curve spanning an angle of 330° to 390°.
  • Fig. 1a shows a snow lance nozzle 1, producing a slitted hollow cone spray 2.
  • the slitted hollow cone spray 2 is formed by a spray curtain 4 of water droplets 6, wherein the spray curtain 4 has the shape of a hollow cone with a slit 8.
  • the slit 8 forms a lateral air path 10 from the hollow cone exterior 12 into the hollow cone interior 14.
  • the apex 16 of the slitted hollow cone spray 2 is situated at the orifice 40 of the snow lance nozzle 1 from which the water droplets 6 are ejected.
  • the slitted hollow cone spray 2 may be centered around a cone axis 18 which runs through the apex 16 and through the orifice 40 and the water droplets 6 travel such that most of the water may diverge from the cone axis 18.
  • a cross-section of the slitted hollow cone spray 2 perpendicular to a cone axis 18 may form an open curve 20, i.e. a curve with end points 26, 28 wherein the end points 26, 28 are not joined.
  • Fig. 1b shows an open curve 20 formed by a cross-section of the slitted hollow cone spray 2, the cross section being taken relatively far from the snow lance nozzle.
  • Fig. 1c shows an open curve 20 formed by a cross-section of the slitted hollow cone spray 2, the cross section being taken relatively close to the snow lance nozzle. It should be understood that the open curves 20 relatively far and relatively close to the snow lance nozzle may have the same shape and only differ by a scale factor or they may have different shapes.
  • Fig. 2 shows a close-up view of a snow lance nozzle 1, producing a slitted hollow cone spray 2.
  • the snow lance nozzle 1 comprises a water swirler 30 and a spray outlet 42, wherein the spray outlet 42 ejects the water from an orifice 40 as a spray curtain 4.
  • the orifice 40 is shaped so as to define a flow diverter 44 which creates the slit 8, thus forming the spray curtain 4 into a slitted hollow cone spray 2.
  • the snow lance nozzle 1 may preferably be made of material which can withstand freezing temperatures and does not corrode when in contact with water, such as e.g. stainless steel or aluminum.
  • the snow lance nozzle 1 may be produced as a single part or as several parts which may be connected by e.g. screw threads.
  • the snow lance nozzle is constructed as a separate water swirler 30 part and a spray outlet 42 part.
  • the snow lance nozzle 1 or the separate parts of the snow lance nozzle 1 may e.g. be manufactured from a solid block of e.g. metal, e.g. a metal cylinder, which may be shaped by means of drilling, milling,or the like, or combinations thereof.
  • the snow lance nozzle 1 or the separate parts of the snow lance nozzle 1 may also be produced by other methods such as e.g. casting or 3D printing.
  • Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show partial cross-sectional perspective views of a water swirler 30.
  • the water swirler is configured to receive and to guide a flow of water 80 such that the water flows along a main direction 90 while simultaneously having a rotational motion which spirals around the main direction 90, thereby producing a flow of swirling water 82.
  • the water swirler 30 is configured as a hollow cylinder, the hollow cylinder being symmetrical around a water swirler axis 34 wherein the water swirler axis 34 may define the main direction. Furthermore, the water swirler may have at least one tangential inlet 32 at a side wall.
  • the tangential inlet 32 may be configured such that the flow of water 80 enters the hollow cylinder essentially along a tangent to the side wall at a bottom portion of the hollow cylinder and then follows an essentially helical path along the inner surfaces of the hollow cylinder.
  • the flow of water may form a flow of swirling water 82 which moves as a film of water which covers the inner side walls of the hollow cylinder and moves with a rotational motion which spirals around the main direction 90.
  • the at least one tangential inlet 32 may be orthogonal to the main direction 90 or have some vector component along the main direction 90.
  • the inner diameter of the hollow cylinder may be configured such that the film of water does not extend all the way in to the water swirler axis 34, this may affect the radial distribution of water in the slitted hollow cone spray 2. Furthermore, the cylinder diameter may affect the rotational speed of the flow of swirling water 82, thus affecting the apex angle of the slitted hollow cone spray 2. Additionally, the area of the at least one tangential inlet 32 may affect the apex angle of the slitted hollow cone spray 2, wherein a small tangential inlet 32 may lead to a large apex angle and a large tangential inlet 32 may lead to a small apex angle.
  • the water swirler 30 comprises a connecting means, e.g. a screw thread 36, such that it may be connected to a spray outlet 42.
  • the water swirler 30 may also comprise a connecting means, e.g. a screw thread 38, which allows the tangential inlet 32 to be connected to e.g. a snow lance head.
  • the water swirler 30 may not necessarily have the shape of a hollow cylinder, it may alternatively have the shape of another hollow body, preferably with a rounded internal shape e.g. conical.
  • the at least one tangential inlet 32 may be round or rectangular or of another shape and it may extend over a small portion of the side wall or the entire side wall up to the point where the spray outlet 42 is connected.
  • Fig. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a spray outlet 42 while Fig. 6 shows a perspective view of a spray outlet 42.
  • the spray outlet 42 comprises an orifice 40 with a flow diverter 44.
  • the spray outlet 42 is configured as an exchangeable insert comprising the orifice 40, such that the size of the orifice 40 and configuration of the flow diverter 44 may be easily modified.
  • the spray outlet 42 may in a preferred embodiment comprise a connecting means such that it may be connected to the water swirler 30.
  • the connecting means may be a screw thread 36 which corresponds to a screw thread 36 of the water swirler 30.
  • the water swirler 30 and the spray outlet 42 may also be configured as one piece.
  • the spray outlet 42 may further comprise a funnel inlet 46 which receives the flow of swirling water 82 from the water swirler 30 and funnels it towards the orifice 40, wherein the water may retain its rotational motion while the rotational diameter is compressed.
  • the funnel inlet 46 may be a cone shaped structure which may be symmetrical around an orifice axis 48 going essentially through the center of the orifice. It should however be understood that other suitable funnel shapes may be used, e.g. a half-spherical shape or the like. It should also be understood that if the diameter of the flow of swirling water 82 does not need to be compressed to pass through the orifice 40 in a suitable manner then the inlet may not need to be funnel shaped at all, it may e.g.
  • the spray outlet 42 may be configured such that the main direction 90 of the flow of swirling water 82 points through the orifice 40 along a normal to a main orifice rim plane.
  • the water swirler 30 and the spray outlet 42 are separate parts this may be achieved by arranging the connecting means such that the water swirler axis 34 and the orifice axis 48 are the same.
  • the flow diverter 44 may extend a certain distance along the main direction 90 of the flow of swirling water 82, that distance being the orifice depth 63 which in an embodiment is up to four times as long as the minimum radius of the orifice 40.
  • Fig. 7a shows a top view of a spray outlet 42 as seen from the water ejecting side.
  • the spray outlet 42 having an orifice axis 48 going out of the plane of the figure, may be configured to receive a flow of swirling water 82 with a main direction 90 along the orifice axis 48 and a rotational direction 92.
  • the rotational direction may be defined by the at least one tangential inlet 32 of the water swirler 30.
  • Fig. 7b illustrates a curve defining the perimeter 50 of the cross-section of the orifice 40 in Fig. 7a , wherein the cross-section is taken perpendicular to the main direction of the flow of swirling water 82.
  • the orifice 40 is shaped such that the perimeter 50 of the cross-section of the orifice 40 comprises a curve in the form of a spiral segment 52 with two endpoints 54, wherein the two endpoints are connected by a circular curve segment 56 and the ratio between the maximum 58 and the minimum 60 radius of the spiral segment is at least 5/3.
  • the orifice 40 is shaped such that the perimeter 50 of the cross-section of the orifice 40 comprises a curve in the form of a spiral segment 52 with two endpoints 54, wherein the two endpoints are connected by a circular curve segment 56 and the ratio between the maximum 58 and the minimum 60 radius of the spiral segment is at least 5/3.
  • a snow lance nozzle 1 functions satisfactory depends on many different parameters, e.g. the dimensions and orientation of the tangential inlets 32, the inner diameter of the water swirler 30, the shape and dimensions of the orifice 40, and the volumetric flow rate of the water passing through the snow lance nozzle 1.
  • the relationship between these parameters is complex and many different parameter settings may give an equally satisfactory performance of the snow lance nozzle 1.
  • a specific snow lance nozzle which works well at one volumetric flow rate may not work as well at another volumetric flow rate. Nevertheless, a snow lance nozzle 1 may work well over a range of volumetric flow rates.
  • the snow lance nozzle 1 which works well at a volumetric flow rate of 25 l/min (of water passing through the snow lance nozzle) may be given.
  • the snow lance nozzle 1 has two tangential inlets 32 orthogonal to the main direction 90, wherein the diameter of the tangential inlets 32 is 4.5 mm.
  • the inner diameter of the water swirler 30 is 10 mm.
  • the spray outlet 42 has an orifice 40 shaped such that the perimeter 50 of the cross-section of the orifice 40 comprises a curve in the form of a spiral segment 52, wherein the maximum radius 58 of the spiral segment is 5.4 mm and the minimum radius 60 of the spiral segment is 3.2 mm.
  • the snow lance nozzle 1 which works well at a volumetric flow rate of 50 l/min (of water passing through the snow lance nozzle) may be given.
  • the snow lance nozzle 1 has two tangential inlets 32 orthogonal to the main direction 90, wherein the diameter of the tangential inlets 32 is 6 mm.
  • the inner diameter of the water swirler 30 is 10 mm.
  • the spray outlet 42 has an orifice 40 shaped such that the perimeter 50 of the cross-section of the orifice 40 comprises a curve in the form of a spiral segment 52, wherein the maximum radius 58 of the spiral segment is 6.4 mm and the minimum radius 60 of the spiral segment is 3.8 mm.
  • the flow of swirling water 82 may be ejected as a slitted hollow cone spray 2 where the cone axis 18 may be essentially the same as the orifice axis 48. It may herein be the centrifugal force during the ejection of the water that causes the spray curtain 4 to diverge from the cone axis 18 as the water droplets 6 move away from the orifice 40.
  • the shape of the orifice 40 may form an orifice perimeter step 62 which may act as a flow diverter 44.
  • the flow of swirling water 82 rotationally passes over the orifice perimeter step 62 the water may be centrifugally spun outwards which may be what causes the slit 8 to form in the slitted hollow cone spray 2.
  • Fig 8a and 8b schematically illustrates a path 64 of a water molecule as it approaches and pass over the orifice perimeter step 62.
  • Fig. 8a is a bottom view of a spray outlet 42, seen from the water swirler 30 side
  • Fig. 8b is a top view of a spray outlet 42, seen from the water ejecting side.
  • Fig. 8a and 8b illustrates one way the water may be diverted as it passes over the orifice perimeter step 62. In this example the water also loses contact with the surface of the orifice 40 as the flow of swirling water 82 rotationally passes over the orifice perimeter step 62. However, a redirection of the flow without the water losing contact may also suffice.
  • One factor that may affect the creation of the slit 8 may be that the last contact between the water and the orifice 40 as the water is being ejected from the orifice 40, forms an open curve.
  • the opening in the curve may e.g. correspond to a segment of the perimeter 50 of the cross-section of the orifice 40 which is missed by water which loses contact with the orifice 40 surface as it rotationally passes over an orifice perimeter step 62, e.g. part of the circular curve segment 56 in Fig. 7b .
  • a cross-section of the slitted hollow cone spray 2 may also form an open curve.
  • Another factor may be that the last contact between the water and the orifice 40 as the water is being ejected from the orifice 40, forms a closed curve but where less water passes over a particular segment of the curve than over the other segments of the curve.
  • Another factor may be that water leaving the orifice 40 by passing over the orifice perimeter step 62 at some distance into the orifice 40, the step herein forming an edge parallel to the main direction 90, may have a slightly different angle towards the cone axis 18 than water leaving the orifice 40 by passing over an edge along the orifice rim where the edge is perpendicular to the main direction 90.
  • a low pressure region may be created on the outside of the water flowing over the orifice perimeter step 62, in Fig. 7a close to the circular curve segment 56, in accordance with Bernoulli's principle.
  • the low pressure region may help to locally disturb the rotational motion such that the slit is opened up.
  • Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show such simulations of water velocity vectors 66 at a cross-section of the orifice rim as seen from the water ejecting side.
  • the simulations indicate that a low pressure may be formed in a region below an orifice perimeter step 62, in this case at a circular curve segment 56, wherein water may be sucked into this low pressure region such that the low pressure helps to divert the water.
  • Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show such simulations of water velocity vectors 66 at a cross-section of the orifice rim as seen from the water ejecting side.
  • the simulations indicate that a low pressure may be formed in a region below an orifice perimeter step 62, in this case at a circular curve segment 56, wherein water may be sucked into this low pressure region such that the low pressure helps to divert the water.
  • Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show such simulations of water velocity vectors 66 at a cross-section of the orifice rim as
  • the preferred embodiment wherein the cross-section of the orifice comprises a curve in the form of a spiral segment and wherein a circular curve segment 56 connects the two endpoints 54 of the spiral segment 52 may be implemented in different ways.
  • the spiral segment may have a fixed center point wherein part of the spiral segment may have a radius, measured from the fixed center point, which continuously increases as the spiral segment curve is followed in a direction opposite to the rotational direction 92 of the flow of swirling water 82.
  • the spiral segment 52 winds clockwise or counter-clockwise is dependent on whether the flow of swirling water 82 has a rotational direction 92 clockwise or counter-clockwise, as apparent when Fig. 11 is compared to Fig. 8b , the two embodiments being arranged for different rotational directions 92.
  • the continuous increase in radius may be described in a two dimensional polar coordinate system as where the radius (r) is a monotonic continuous function of an angle ( ⁇ ).
  • Examples of spirals may be:
  • spiral segment may be a segment represented by one of the spirals above or any other spiral wherein ⁇ spans a specific range, e.g. 180° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 360°, or 0° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 360°, or 180° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 370°.
  • Another part of the spiral segment may have a constant radius, measured from the fixed center point.
  • a circular curve segment 56 may connect the two endpoints of the spiral segment. It should be understood that if the spiral segment spans 0° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 360° then the circular curve segment 56 may be a half circle with a diameter that equals the difference between the maximum 58 and the minimum 60 radius of the spiral segment. However, other circular curve segments 56 may also be possible with other diameters and other arc lengths, e.g. a quarter circle or 5/8 of a circle.
  • non-circular rounded curve may connect the two endpoints 54 of the spiral segment 52.
  • a rounded curve may be preferred from a fluid dynamics point of view a straight line connecting the two endpoints 54 of the spiral segment 52 may also suffice.
  • a straight line forming a 90° corner to the spiral segment 52 endpoint 54 with the smallest radius may create an orifice perimeter step 62 such that a path approaching the orifice perimeter step 62 along the spiral segment 52 in the same direction as the flow of swirling water forms a 90° turn in the path in a direction away from the cone axis.
  • Fig. 12a straight line forming a 90° corner to the spiral segment 52 endpoint 54 with the smallest radius may create an orifice perimeter step 62 such that a path approaching the orifice perimeter step 62 along the spiral segment 52 in the same direction as the flow of swirling water forms a 90° turn in the path in a direction away from the cone axis.
  • a straight line forming a more than 90° corner to the spiral segment 52 endpoint 54 with the smallest radius may create an orifice perimeter step 62 such that a path approaching the orifice perimeter step 62 along the spiral segment 52 in the same direction as the flow of swirling water forms more than 90° turn in the path in a direction away from the cone axis.
  • the orifice perimeter step 62 may be constructed in alternative ways. Such as e.g. simply drilling a flow diverting hole 68 joined with a round orifice 40 hole as illustrated in Fig. 13a . Another way may be to mount a blade 70 or hydrofoil in a round orifice 40 hole as illustrated in Fig. 13b .
  • Fig. 14 illustrates one embodiment wherein the flow diverter 44 comprises an orifice flange 72.
  • the snow lance nozzle 1 may herein define a nozzle, wherein the last contact between the water and the orifice rim may define a main orifice rim plane 74, with the addition of an orifice flange 72.
  • the orifice flange 72 may then be a protuberance out of the main orifice rim plane 74 such that part of the water being ejected flows along the surface of the orifice flange 72 instead of going into free flight at the main orifice rim plane.
  • the orifice flange 72 may be shaped such that when the water flows over the surface of the orifice flange 72 it is slightly redirected from the trajectory it would have, had the orifice flange 72 not been there. Thus the orifice flange 72 may open up a slit 8 in the hollow cone spray, thereby producing a slitted hollow cone spray 2.
  • the orifice flange 72 may be shaped like a wedge, a fin, a blade or the bow of a ship which cuts the slit 8 into the hollow cone spray.
  • the orifice flange 72 may be configured such that a curve 76, defining the last contact between the water and the orifice rim as the water is being ejected from the orifice 40, does not form a closed curve, i.e. that it has end points which are not connected to each other. It should be understood that even if the curve 76 touches itself at a point some distance from the end points a slitted hollow cone spray 2 may still be formed. In Fig. 14 a cross-section of the slitted hollow cone spray 2 is illustrated using dotted lines while the curve 76, defining the last contact between the water and the orifice rim as the water is being ejected from the orifice 40, is illustrated using a dashed line. Furthermore, it should be understood that when an orifice flange 72 is used a cross-section of the orifice 40 below the main orifice rim plane 74 may have either a circular shape or a shape comprising a spiral segment or another shape.
  • Fig. 15a-d show slitted hollow cone sprays 2 of different shapes, all of which being within the inventive concept.
  • the snow lance nozzle 1 may be configured to produce a slitted hollow cone spray 2 wherein a cross-section of the slitted hollow cone spray 2, the cross-section being perpendicular to the cone axis 18, forms an open curve 20 spanning an angle 22.
  • the angle 22 may be defined by the angle spanned when moving from one end point of the open curve 20 to the other end point, around the centroid of the open curve 20.
  • the snow lance nozzle 1 may be configured to produce a slitted hollow cone spray 2 wherein the angle 22 is greater than 360°, as in Fig.
  • the open curve 20 spans an angle 22 of 270° to 450°. In a further preferred embodiment the open curve 20 spans an angle 22 of 330° to 390°. It should be understood that the open curve 20 may be of different forms.
  • the open curve 20 may be a spiral curve segment, e.g. as in Fig. 15b , it may also be a segment of a circle, e.g. as in Fig 15c , it may also be a combination of a circle segment and a spiral curve segment, or it may have any other shape.
  • the shape of the open curve 20 formed by the cross-section of the slitted hollow cone spray 2 may to some extent reflect the shape of part of the perimeter 50 of a cross-section of the orifice 40.
  • a spiral shaped orifice 40 cross-section may give rise to a spiral shaped slitted hollow cone spray 2 cross-section.
  • there may be differences which may originate from fluid dynamic effects such as e.g. pressure differences along the orifice rim.
  • the use of an orifice with several flow diverters 44 to produce several slits 8, as illustrated in Fig. 15d is within the inventive concept.
  • the angle 22 spanned by the open curve 20 may e.g. be affected by the ratio between the maximum 58 and minimum 60 radius (see e.g. Fig. 7b ) of the spiral segment 52 of the perimeter 50 of the cross-section of the orifice 40. It should be understood that said ratio may affect the shape of the cross-section of the slitted hollow cone spray 2 and thus the width of the slit 8 which may be roughly equal to the difference between the maximum and minimum radius of the spiral curve segment of the open curve 20 formed by the cross-section of the slitted hollow cone spray 2. Said ratio may also affect the angle 22. Both the width of the slit 8 and the angle 22 may affect the airflow into the slitted hollow cone spray 2.
  • the reason why the ratio between the maximum 58 and minimum 60 radius may affect the angle 22 may be that it affects where the water reconnects with the surface of the orifice 40 when the flow of swirling water 82 rotationally passes over the orifice perimeter step, i.e. how big the overshoot is. A large overshoot may give rise to an angle 22 smaller than 360°. It should also be understood that the overshoot may also depend on other factors of the snow lance nozzle 1, such as the configuration of the water swirler 30. The water swirler 30 may affect the rotational speed of the flow of swirling water 82 and thus affect the overshoot.
  • the angle between a water injection direction of a tangential inlet 32 and the water swirler axis 34 may affect the rotational speed of the flow of swirling water 82 as it may define how much of the water speed is transferred into a rotational motion and how much is transferred into a forward motion along the main direction 90.
  • the areal size of the at least one tangential inlet 32 may affect the water pressure and thus the rotational speed.
  • fluid dynamic effects such as a low pressure region created on the outside of the water flowing over the orifice perimeter step 62 may suck the water passing over the orifice perimeter step 62 backwards relative to the rotational direction 92. This may give rise to an angle 22 greater than 360°.
  • the snow lance nozzle 1 may in a preferred embodiment be configured to produce a slitted hollow cone spray 2 with a cone apex angle 24 within a range of 15° to 90°.
  • the cone apex angle 24 may be affected by e.g. the areal size of the at least one tangential inlet 32 of the water swirler 30.
  • the shape of the cross-section of the slitted-hollow cone spray 2, the angle 22 spanned and the cone apex angle 24 may be linked to many different parameters of the snow lance nozzle 1 such that a particular slitted hollow cone spray 2 may be achieved in several different ways.
  • the inventive concept includes a snow lance head 100 for producing artificial snow, wherein the snow lance head 100 comprises any of the embodiments of the snow lance nozzle 1 described above or derived therefrom.
  • Fig. 16 and 17 show an embodiment of a snow lance head 100.
  • Fig. 16 is a side view of the snow lance head 100 and
  • Fig. 17 is cross-sectional view of the snow lance head 100.
  • the snow lance head 100 may comprise at least one snow lance nozzle 1 and at least one ice nucleator nozzle 102.
  • the at least one ice nucleator nozzle 102 may be configured so that it may inject ice nuclei in the slitted hollow cone spray 2 of at least one of the at least one snow lance nozzles 1.
  • one ice nucleator nozzle 102 may serve several snow lance nozzles 1.
  • the nozzles are arranged in groups such that each of the two ice nucleator nozzle 102 serves two snow lance nozzles 1, wherein the one ice nucleator nozzle 102 and two snow lance nozzles 1 within each group are pointed in roughly the same direction.
  • snow lance nozzles 1 producing slitted hollow cone sprays 2 may be combined with snow lance nozzles producing non-slitted hollow cone sprays.
  • the snow lance nozzle 1 may further comprise a body 104 having at least one first water supply 106, at least one second water supply 108 and at least one compressed air supply 110.
  • the at least one first water supply 106 may be an internal channel within the body 104 which may be connected to a water source, e.g. a water pump, at one end and may be connected to the at least one tangential inlet 32 of the water swirler 30 of the at least one snow lance nozzle 1.
  • the at least one second water supply 108 may be an internal channel within the body 104 which connects the at least one ice nucleator nozzle 102 to a water source.
  • the at least one compressed air supply 110 may be an internal channel which may be connected to a source of compressed air, e.g.
  • each snow lance nozzle 1 has its own first water supply 106. This may be advantageous as individual nozzles or individual groups of nozzles may be turned on or off separately, depending on e.g. how large total flow of water the ambient freezing temperature may sustain. However, different nozzles may also share a water supply so that e.g. two snow lance nozzles 1 share one single first water supply 106.
  • the snow lance head 100 may be configured so that the second water supply 108 is separate from the first water supply 106, as shown in Fig. 17 , as the snow lance nozzle 1 and the ice nucleator nozzle 102 often operate at different water pressures.
  • the snow lance head 100 may preferably be made of material which can withstand freezing temperatures and does not corrode when in contact with water, such as e.g. stainless steel or aluminum.
  • the snow lance head 100 may be produced as a single part or as several parts which may be connected by e.g. screw threads.
  • the at least one snow lance nozzle 1, the at least one ice nucleator nozzle 102 and the body are all separate parts which may be screwed together. Each part may then comprise further parts.
  • the body may be configured to have threaded seats 116, into which the at least one snow lance nozzle 1 and the at least one ice nucleator nozzle 102 may be screwed.
  • the snow lance head 100 or the separate parts of the snow lance head 100 may e.g. be manufactured from a solid block of e.g. metal, e.g. a metal cylinder, which may be shaped by means of drilling, milling, or the like, or combinations thereof.
  • the snow lance head 100 or the separate parts of the snow lance head 100 may also be produced by other methods such as e.g. casting or 3D printing.
  • Fig. 18 shows a cross-sectional view of a snow lance head 100 in use, wherein a cross-section of a slitted hollow cone spray 2 and an ice nuclei jet 112 can be seen.
  • the first water supply 106 for the snow lance nozzle 1 furthest away from the ice nucleator nozzle 102 is turned off. This snow lance nozzle 1 is therefore not in operation.
  • the snow lance nozzle 1 closest to the ice nucleator nozzle 102 receives a flow of water 80 from its first water supply 106.
  • the flow of water 80 flows into the snow lance nozzle 1 via tangential inlets 32, wherein a flow of swirling water 82 is produced.
  • a spray curtain 4 of water droplets 6 in the shape of a slitted hollow cone spray 2 is produced.
  • the ice nucleator nozzle 102 receives a second flow of water 114 from the second water supply 108 and mixes it with compressed air from the compressed air supply 110. The mixture is subsequently expelled through an orifice. The compressed air may then expand and cool, thereby creating the ice nuclei jet 112 which is directed into the slitted hollow cone spray 2. How to configure such an ice nucleator nozzle 102 is considered to be well within the capability of a person of ordinary skill in the art.
  • Fig. 19 shows a flow chart of a method for producing a slitted hollow cone spray 2 wherein the slitted hollow cone spray 2 is formed by a spray curtain 4 of water droplets 6, said spray curtain 4 having the shape of a hollow cone with a slit 8, said slit 8 forming a lateral air path 10 into a hollow cone interior 14.
  • the method comprises:
  • disturbing the rotational motion of the flow of swirling water 82 may be done by locally diverting the water by passing it over e.g. an orifice perimeter step 62, creating a high or low pressure point at at least one point along the orifice rim wherein the pressure is high or low in comparison to the pressure at the rest of the orifice rim, or guiding the water along an orifice flange 72.
  • the method may be implemented with one of the apparatuses described in this text or with another apparatus.
  • the method may preferentially be configured to form a slitted hollow cone spray 2 with a cross-section, the cross-section being perpendicular to the cone axis 18, into an open curve 20 spanning an angle of 330° to 390°.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
EP18190217.2A 2018-08-22 2018-08-22 Buse pour appareil de fabrication de neige, tête de lance à neige et procédé pour produire une pulvérisation conique creuse fendue Active EP3614077B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18190217.2A EP3614077B1 (fr) 2018-08-22 2018-08-22 Buse pour appareil de fabrication de neige, tête de lance à neige et procédé pour produire une pulvérisation conique creuse fendue

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18190217.2A EP3614077B1 (fr) 2018-08-22 2018-08-22 Buse pour appareil de fabrication de neige, tête de lance à neige et procédé pour produire une pulvérisation conique creuse fendue

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3614077A1 true EP3614077A1 (fr) 2020-02-26
EP3614077B1 EP3614077B1 (fr) 2023-06-07
EP3614077C0 EP3614077C0 (fr) 2023-06-07

Family

ID=63363963

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18190217.2A Active EP3614077B1 (fr) 2018-08-22 2018-08-22 Buse pour appareil de fabrication de neige, tête de lance à neige et procédé pour produire une pulvérisation conique creuse fendue

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3614077B1 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1788492A (en) * 1928-07-19 1931-01-13 Lewen R Nelson Sprinkler nozzle
US3302399A (en) * 1964-11-13 1967-02-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp Hollow conical fuel spray nozzle for pressurized combustion apparatus
WO1992004585A1 (fr) * 1990-08-29 1992-03-19 Pinnacle Innovations Canon a neige a melange optimise d'air comprime et d'eau
EP0855564A1 (fr) * 1997-01-23 1998-07-29 LEITNER S.p.A. Canon pour la fabrication de neige
EP1386668A1 (fr) * 2002-07-31 2004-02-04 York Neige Dispositif de pulvérisation d'eau sous forme d'un jet creux a paroi mince, pour la formation de neige artificielle
EP1486257A2 (fr) * 2003-06-12 2004-12-15 Kyoritsu Gokin Co., Ltd. Buse de pulvérisation en spirale
WO2007100857A2 (fr) * 2006-02-28 2007-09-07 Vortexx Group, Inc. Buse produisant un mouvement angulaire et procedes pour fabriquer et utiliser celle-ci

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1788492A (en) * 1928-07-19 1931-01-13 Lewen R Nelson Sprinkler nozzle
US3302399A (en) * 1964-11-13 1967-02-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp Hollow conical fuel spray nozzle for pressurized combustion apparatus
WO1992004585A1 (fr) * 1990-08-29 1992-03-19 Pinnacle Innovations Canon a neige a melange optimise d'air comprime et d'eau
EP0855564A1 (fr) * 1997-01-23 1998-07-29 LEITNER S.p.A. Canon pour la fabrication de neige
EP1386668A1 (fr) * 2002-07-31 2004-02-04 York Neige Dispositif de pulvérisation d'eau sous forme d'un jet creux a paroi mince, pour la formation de neige artificielle
EP1486257A2 (fr) * 2003-06-12 2004-12-15 Kyoritsu Gokin Co., Ltd. Buse de pulvérisation en spirale
WO2007100857A2 (fr) * 2006-02-28 2007-09-07 Vortexx Group, Inc. Buse produisant un mouvement angulaire et procedes pour fabriquer et utiliser celle-ci

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JOSEPH J SHAY ET AL: "Atomization of Liquids With Mechanical Breakup Actuators", AEROSOL AGE,, no. 12, 1 December 1975 (1975-12-01), pages 52 - 60, XP001443656 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3614077B1 (fr) 2023-06-07
EP3614077C0 (fr) 2023-06-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5611488A (en) Sprinkler, particularly for watering vegetation
US11090571B2 (en) Amusement attraction fluid control system
WO2019119244A1 (fr) Disque oscillant centrifuge, dispositif de pulvérisation et véhicule aérien sans pilote
CN102564204B (zh) 制冷剂分配装置和具有它的换热器
CN104422222B (zh) 用于制造人造雪的装置及方法
CN203355927U (zh) 一种带有圆锥撞针的靶式撞击流喷嘴
CN106269331A (zh) 水雾喷嘴
CN102861684A (zh) 用于产生至少一个旋转喷射流的喷射喷嘴及方法
WO2019162649A1 (fr) Appareil de pompe à jet
CN106918266A (zh) 一种引流扩散变流量喷头
EP3614077B1 (fr) Buse pour appareil de fabrication de neige, tête de lance à neige et procédé pour produire une pulvérisation conique creuse fendue
CN104768654A (zh) 带分离液喷射嘴的离心分离机
JP2005503912A5 (fr)
JP2005535445A (ja) 噴射ノズルを通過する流動体の流れを制御する器具
RU2561107C1 (ru) Форсунка струйно-вихревая с эжектирующим факелом
WO1997001392A1 (fr) Buse de pulverisation d'eau pour canons a neige
CN207371014U (zh) 一种细水雾喷嘴及使用这种喷嘴的细水雾喷头
CN202860734U (zh) 一种高密度流量喷嘴
CN110318881A (zh) 一种孔板前倾式航空发动机帽罩单孔冲击换热结构
CN2863643Y (zh) 一种拉烟器
CN218993756U (zh) 一种造雪机
CN210920260U (zh) 一种出水方向可调的水龙头
EP2601462B1 (fr) Procédé de production de neige de culture et appareil permettant de mettre en oeuvre ce procédé
RU2543220C2 (ru) Дождеватель-активатор с регулируемым качеством дождя
CN106918263A (zh) 一种宽幅可变流量配水系统

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20200820

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: B05B 1/26 20060101ALI20211029BHEP

Ipc: F25C 3/04 20060101AFI20211029BHEP

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20220114

GRAJ Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTC Intention to grant announced (deleted)
INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20220603

GRAJ Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTC Intention to grant announced (deleted)
INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20221027

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1576222

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20230615

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602018050735

Country of ref document: DE

U01 Request for unitary effect filed

Effective date: 20230703

U07 Unitary effect registered

Designated state(s): AT BE BG DE DK EE FI FR IT LT LU LV MT NL PT SE SI

Effective date: 20230808

U20 Renewal fee paid [unitary effect]

Year of fee payment: 6

Effective date: 20230817

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG9D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230907

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20230902

Year of fee payment: 6

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230908

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20231007

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20231007

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602018050735

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20240308

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20230907

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230822

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230907

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230822

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230907

U20 Renewal fee paid [unitary effect]

Year of fee payment: 7

Effective date: 20240715