EP3600229A1

EP3600229A1 - Non-therapeutic use of a biodegradable hydrocarbon oil

Info

Publication number: EP3600229A1
Application number: EP18711564.7A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Benjamin Swoboda; Philippe Lemaire
Original assignee: Total Marketing Services SA
Current assignee: TotalEnergies Onetech SAS
Priority date: 2017-03-20
Filing date: 2018-03-16
Publication date: 2020-02-05
Also published as: CN110494117A; KR20190125424A; CN110494117B; JP2020511497A; KR102665832B1; US20200093716A1; EP3378463A1; JP2023036895A; WO2018172226A1; US11759411B2; JP7543390B2; US20230355490A1

Abstract

The use of a hydrocarbon oil that has a content by weight of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100%, a content by weight of normal paraffins ranging from 0 to 10% and a content of carbon of biological origin greater than or equal to 90% relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon oil, as an anti-ageing agent.

Description

NON-THERAPEUTIC USE OF A BIODEGRADABLE HYDROCARBON OIL

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the non-therapeutic use of a hydrocarbon oil classified as biodegradable, of biological origin and predominantly isoparaffinic as an anti-aging agent, in particular for slowing cutaneous aging and / or for preventing and / or delaying the formation of wrinkles and / or to reduce wrinkles and / or tend the skin and / or tone the hair.

The invention also relates to a composition comprising a hydrocarbon oil classified biodegradable, of biological origin predominantly isoparaffinic and at least one quaternary ammonium.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Men and women want to maintain a youthful appearance for as long as possible and therefore seek to delay or fade visible marks of aging.

During the aging process, various signs may appear on the skin, including wrinkles and fine lines.

The cosmetics, dermatology and pharmacy markets are increasingly asking for ingredients of biological origin for the formulation of their products. While biosourced actives, emulsifiers and vegetable oils have been strongly developed in recent years and are now widely available on the market, biosourced active ingredients, especially the hydrocarbon active ingredients of 100% organic origin, are still rare.

Heretofore, oils with an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory or anti-aging effect are oxygenated oils such as triglycerides, esters, natural or synthetic alcohols. For example, there are many vegetable oils, such as olive oil, mango oil, sea buckthorn oil or cocoa oil.

However, all these oils have a significant sensitivity to oxidation, they are not sufficiently stable, which leads to changes in smell and characteristics. The instability of these vegetable oils comes in particular from the presence, in substantial amounts, of molecules containing heteroatoms and / or unsaturations.

EP 2,236,128 discloses a mascara composition comprising a silicone resin powder, a volatile oil and an oily gelling agent. This document does not disclose the biosourced hydrocarbon oil defined in the present invention nor its use as an anti-aging agent. WO 2010/072787 discloses a cosmetic composition comprising a retinoid compound, a polar emollient and a non-polar emollient. This document does not disclose the biosourced hydrocarbon oil defined in the present invention nor its use as an anti-aging agent.

There is therefore still a need for new active ingredients, of biological origin, to fight against aging and having satisfactory physicochemical and sensory characteristics, especially in terms of stability, volatility, spreading on the skin, d odor, soft touch and shine, making it highly compatible with use in formulation.

The Applicant has surprisingly found that this need can be met by the use of a hydrocarbon oil of biological origin comprising predominantly isoparaffins.

The present invention aims to provide an anti-aging agent from raw material of biological origin which has satisfactory physicochemical and sensory properties.

The present invention aims to provide a stable cosmetic composition to slow skin aging and / or to prevent and / or delay the formation of wrinkles and / or to reduce wrinkles and / or to stretch the skin.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

These objectives are achieved thanks to a new active ingredient of hydrocarbon type.

The invention relates to the use of a hydrocarbon oil which comprises a weight content of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100%, a content by weight of normal paraffins ranging from 0 to 10% and a content of carbon of biological origin. greater than or equal to 90% relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon oil, as an anti-aging agent.

Preferably, the hydrocarbon oil is used to slow skin aging and / or to prevent and / or delay the formation of wrinkles and / or to reduce wrinkles and / or to stretch the skin and / or to tone the hair.

According to one embodiment, the use according to the invention is for a topical application.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the hydrocarbon oil comprises a content by weight of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100%, preferably from 95 to 100% and preferably from 98% to 100% relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon oil.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the hydrocarbon oil is chosen from non-cyclic isoparaffins comprising from 14 to 18 carbon atoms.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the hydrocarbon oil comprises: a content by weight of normal paraffins less than or equal to 10%, preferably less than or equal to 5% and preferably less than or equal to 2% relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon oil; and or

a content by weight of naphthenic compounds less than or equal to 1%, preferably less than or equal to 0.5% and preferably less than or equal to 100 ppm relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon oil; and or

a content by weight of aromatic compounds less than or equal to 500 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 300 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 100 ppm, more preferably less than or equal to 50 ppm, advantageously less than or equal to 20 ppm relative to total weight of the hydrocarbon oil.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the hydrocarbon oil has a boiling point ranging from 230 to 340 ° C., preferably from 235 to 330 ° C. and more preferably from 240 to 325 ° C. according to the ASTM D86 standard. and / or a flash point greater than or equal to 110 ° C according to EN ISO 2719 and / or a vapor pressure at 20 ° C of less than or equal to 0.01kPa.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the hydrocarbon oil is obtained by a catalytic hydrogenation process at a temperature of 80 to 180 ° C. and at a pressure of 50 to 160 bar of a charge of biological origin deoxygenated and / or isomerized.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the hydrocarbon oil is in the form of a cosmetic or dermatological composition comprising the hydrocarbon oil, preferably in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 80%, preferably from 1 to 50% and advantageously from 5 to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the cosmetic or dermatological composition comprises

at least one fatty substance chosen from: vegetable oils, hydrocarbon oils, vegetable butters, fatty ethers and alcohols, oily and alkane esters and silicone oils and / or

at least one additive.

According to one embodiment of the invention, said cosmetic or dermatological composition is an anhydrous composition, an emulsion such as a water-in-oil emulsion (W / O), an oil-in-water emulsion (O / W). or a multiple emulsion (in particular E / H / E or H / E / H), a nanoemulsion, or a dispersion or a gel.

The invention also relates to a method for the anti-aging cosmetic treatment of the skin or the hair comprising at least one step of applying, preferably by spreading, the oil hydrocarbon as defined in the invention or the cosmetic or dermatological composition as defined in the invention.

Preferably, the method is used to slow skin aging and / or to prevent and / or delay the formation of wrinkles and / or to reduce wrinkles and / or to stretch the skin and / or to tone the hair.

The subject of the invention is also a composition comprising:

at least 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of a hydrocarbon oil comprising a content by weight of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100%, a content by weight of normal paraffins ranging from 0 to 10% and having a carbon content of biological origin greater than or equal to 90% relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon oil; and

at least one quaternary ammonium or isothiazolinone type compound. According to one embodiment of the invention, the hydrocarbon oil used in the composition according to the invention is as defined in the invention.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the compound is of quaternary ammonium type and said quaternary ammonium used in the composition according to the invention is preferably selected from benzalkonium chloride and didecyldimethylammonium chloride, alone or as a mixture .

According to one embodiment of the invention, the compound used in the composition according to the invention represents from 0.1 ppm to 40% by weight, preferably from 0.5 ppm to 30% by weight, preferably from 1 to ppm to 20% by weight, still more preferably from 3 ppm to 10% by weight, ideally from 5 ppm to 1% by weight of the total weight of the composition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the non-therapeutic use of a hydrocarbon oil as an anti-aging agent, as an active ingredient, said hydrocarbon oil comprising a weight content of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100%, a weight content of paraffins from 0 to 10% and a carbon content of more than 95% organic origin relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon oil.

The hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention makes it possible to have a non-irritating, biodegradable and non-odorous cosmetic or dermatological composition.

The hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention makes it possible in particular to obtain stable cosmetic or dermatological compositions, in particular thanks to the hydrocarbon oil. defined in the present invention which comprises small amounts, or even which is substantially or completely free, of unsaturated compounds and / or compounds comprising heteroatoms. As a preliminary remark, it should be noted that in the following description and claims, the expression "between" should be understood to include the aforementioned bounds.

Hydrocarbon oil:

The hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention preferably comprises a content by weight of isoparaffinic compounds greater than or equal to 90%, preferentially greater than or equal to 95% by weight.

% and advantageously greater than or equal to 98% relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon oil.

According to one embodiment, the isoparaffinic compounds present in the hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention comprise from 12 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from

13 to 19 carbon atoms, more preferably 14 to 18 carbon atoms.

The hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention preferably comprises a content by weight of normal paraffins of less than or equal to 10%, preferably less than or equal to 5% and advantageously less than or equal to 2%.

The hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention advantageously comprises a majority of isoparaffins and a minority of normal paraffins. These isoparaffins are advantageously non-cyclic isoparaffins. Preferably, the hydrocarbon oil has a mass ratio of isoparaffins to normal paraffins of at least 12: 1, preferably of 15: 1 and more preferably of

20: 1. Even more advantageously, the hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention does not contain normal paraffins.

According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention preferably comprises a content by weight of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100% and a content of normal paraffins ranging from 0 to 10%, preferably from 95 to 100%. isoparaffins and from 0 to 5% of normal paraffins and more preferably from 98% to 100% of isoparaffins and from 0 to 2% of normal paraffins.

According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention preferably comprises a content by weight of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100% and a content of normal paraffins ranging from 0 to 10%, preferably from 95 to 100%. isoparaffins selected from alkanes having from 14 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably having from 14 to 17 carbon atoms.

According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention comprises: isoparaffins having 15 carbon atoms and isoparaffins having 16 carbon atoms in a combined amount ranging from 80 to 98% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon oil, or

isoparaffins having 16 carbon atoms, isoparaffins having 17 carbon atoms and isoparaffins having 18 carbon atoms in a combined amount ranging from 80 to 98% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon oil, or

isoparaffins having 17 carbon atoms and isoparaffins having 18 carbon atoms in a combined amount ranging from 80 to 98% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon oil.

The hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention preferably comprises a content by weight of naphthenic compounds less than or equal to 1%, preferably less than or equal to 0.5% and more preferably less than or equal to 100 ppm.

According to another preferred embodiment, the hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention comprises a content by weight of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100%, a content by weight of normal paraffins ranging from 0 to 10% and a content by weight. naphthenes less than or equal to 1%. Preferably, the hydrocarbon oil comprises a content by weight ranging from 95 to 100% of isoparaffins, from 0 to 5% of normal paraffins and a content by weight of naphthenes of less than or equal to 0.5%. More preferably it comprises a content in weight ranging from 98% to 100% of isoparaffins, from 0 to 2% of normal paraffins and a content by weight of naphthenes less than or equal to 100 ppm.

The hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention is advantageously free of aromatic compounds. For example, it means a content by weight of aromatic compounds less than or equal to 500 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 300 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 100 ppm, more preferably less than or equal to 50 ppm and advantageously less than or equal to 20 ppm measured for example by UV spectrometry.

The weight content of isoparaffins, n-paraffins, naphthenes and / or aromatics of the hydrocarbon oil can be determined according to methods well known to those skilled in the art. By way of nonlimiting example, a gas chromatographic method may be mentioned.

According to another preferred embodiment, the hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention comprises a content by weight of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100%, a content by weight of normal paraffins ranging from 0 to 10%, a content by weight of naphthenes less than or equal to 1% and a content by weight of aromatic compounds less than or equal to 500 ppm. Preferably, the hydrocarbon-based oil comprises a content by weight ranging from 95 to 100% of isoparaffins, from 0 to 5% of normal paraffins, a content by weight of naphthenes of less than or equal to 0.5% and a content of weight of aromatic compounds less than or equal to 300 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, preferably less than 50 ppm, more preferably less than 20 ppm. Preferably also the hydrocarbon oil comprises a content by weight ranging from 95 to 100% of isoparaffins, from 0 to 5% of normal paraffins and a content by weight of aromatic compounds less than or equal to 100 ppm. More preferably, it comprises a content by weight ranging from 98% to 100% of isoparaffins, from 0 to 2% of normal paraffins, a content by weight of naphthenes of less than or equal to 100 ppm and a content by weight of aromatic compounds of less than or equal to equal to 100 ppm.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the hydrocarbon oil comprises a carbon content of biological origin greater than or equal to 95%, preferably greater than or equal to 98% and preferably 100%.

The hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention also preferably has a content by weight of extremely low sulfur compounds, typically less than or equal to 5 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 3 ppm and more preferably less than or equal to 0.5. ppm at a level too low to be detected by conventional low-sulfur analyzers.

The hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention also preferably has a flash point greater than or equal to 110 ° C., preferably greater than or equal to 120 ° C. and more preferably greater than or equal to 140 ° C. according to the EN ISO 2719 standard. A high flash point, typically greater than 110 ° C allowing, among other things, to overcome on the one hand the safety problems during storage and transport by avoiding a too sensitive flammability of the hydrocarbon oil.

The hydrocarbon oil also preferably has a vapor pressure at 20 ° C of less than or equal to 0.01 kPa.

According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention also preferably has a flash point of greater than or equal to 110 ° C. according to EN ISO 2719 and a vapor pressure at 20 ° C. of less than or equal to 0,01kPa. Preferentially, the hydrocarbon oil has a flash point greater than or equal to 120 ° C. and a vapor pressure at 20 ° C. of less than or equal to 0.01 kPa. And more preferably, it has a flash point greater than or equal to 130 ° C and a vapor pressure at 20 ° C less than or equal to 0.01kPa.

The hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention has boiling temperatures, a flash point and a vapor pressure to overcome the problems of flammability, odor and volatility. The hydrocarbon oil according to the invention also preferably has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of less than or equal to 5 cSt, preferably less than or equal to 4 cSt and more preferably less than or equal to 3 cSt according to the standard EN ISO 3104. Method of obtaining:

Such hydrocarbon oil compositions can be obtained as follows. The hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention is a hydrocarbon fraction which is derived from the conversion of biomass.

By outcome of the biomass conversion is meant a hydrocarbon fraction produced from raw materials of biological origin.

Preferably, the hydrocarbon fraction of biological origin is obtained by a process comprising hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) and isomerization (ISO) steps. The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) step leads to the decomposition of the structures of the biological esters or triglyceride constituents, the elimination of oxygenated, phosphorus and sulfur compounds and the hydrogenation of the olefinic bonds. The product resulting from the hydrodeoxygenation reaction is then isomerized. A fractionation step may preferably follow the hydrodeoxygenation and isomerization steps. Advantageously, the fractions of interest are then subjected to hydrotreatment and then distillation stages in order to obtain the specifications of the desired hydrocarbon oil according to the invention.

This HDO / ISO process is carried out on a raw biological feedstock, also called biomass or raw material of biological origin, selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils, animal fats, fish oils and their mixture. Suitable raw materials of biological origin are, for example, rapeseed oil, canola oil, tall oil or tall oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, hemp oil, olive oil, flaxseed oil, mustard oil, palm oil, peanut oil, castor oil, coconut oil, animal fats such as tallow, recycled dietary fats, raw materials derived from genetic engineering, and biological raw materials produced from microorganisms such as algae and bacteria. Condensation products, esters or other derivatives obtained from raw biological materials can also serve as raw materials.

Preferably, the raw material of biological origin is a triglyceride ester or derivative.

This material is first subjected to a hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) stage to decompose the structure of the constituent esters or triglycerides and to eliminate the oxygenated, phosphorus and sulfur compounds concomitantly with the hydrogenation of the olefinic bonds. This hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) stage of the raw material of biological origin is followed by a isomerization of the product thus obtained leading to the branching of the hydrocarbon chain and an improvement in the properties of paraffin at low temperatures.

During the HDO step, the hydrogen and the raw material of biological origin are passed on a catalytic hydrodeoxygenation bed simultaneously, in the same direction or against the current. During the HDO step, the pressure and the temperature are between 20 and 150 bars and between 200 and 500 ° C. respectively. Conventional and known hydrodeoxygenation catalysts are used during this step. Optionally, the raw material of biological origin can be subjected to a pre-hydrogenation under mild conditions to avoid the secondary reactions of the double bonds before the HDO step. After the hydrodeoxygenation step, the product resulting from the reaction is subjected to an isomerization step (ISO) in which the hydrogen and the product, and optionally a mixture of n-paraffins, are passed over catalyst beds. isomerization simultaneously, in the same direction or against the current. In the ISO step, the pressure and the temperature are between 20 and 150 bar and between 200 and 500 ° C respectively. Conventional and known isomerization catalysts are used during this step.

Additional secondary methods can also be implemented (such as intermediate mixtures, trapping or other such methods).

The product resulting from the HDO / ISO steps can optionally be split in order to obtain the cuts of interest.

Various HDO / ISO processes are described in the literature. The application WO2014 / 033762 describes a process comprising a pre-hydrogenation step, a hydrodeoxygenation step (HDO) and an isomerization step operated against the current. The patent application EP1728844 describes a process for producing hydrocarbon compounds from a mixture of compounds of plant and animal origin. This method comprises a step of pretreatment of the mixture for removing contaminants, such as alkali metal salts, followed by a hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) step and an isomerization step. The patent application EP2084245 describes a process for producing a hydrocarbon mixture which can be used as diesel or in a gas oil composition by hydrodeoxygenation of a mixture of biological origin containing fatty acid esters, optionally in admixture with acids. free fats, for example vegetable oils such as sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, palm oil or pine oil, followed by hydroisomerization on specific catalysts. Patent Application EP2368967 describes such a process and the product obtained by this process. The application WO2016 / 185046 describes a process for obtaining a hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention, in which the hydrocarbon oil is obtained by a catalytic hydrogenation process at a temperature of temperature of 80 to 180 ° C and at a pressure of 50 to 160 bar of a deoxygenated and isomerized biological origin charge.

Advantageously, the raw material of biological origin contains less than 15 ppm by weight of sulfur, preferably less than 8 ppm, preferably less than 5 ppm and more preferably less than 1 ppm according to the EN ISO 20846 standard. no sulfur as raw material of biobased origin.

Prior to the hydrotreating step, a pre-fractionation step can take place. A narrower section at the hydrogenation unit inlet makes it possible to obtain a narrow section at the unit outlet. In fact, the boiling points of pre-fractionated slices are between 220 and 330 ° C. whereas the sections which have not been pre-fractionated typically have boiling points of between 150 and 360 ° C.

The deoxygenated and isomerized feedstock from the HDO / ISO process is then hydrogenated. The hydrogen used in the hydrogenation unit is typically highly purified hydrogen. By highly purified is meant hydrogen of purity for example greater than 99%, although other grades can also be used.

The hydrogenation step is carried out by means of catalysts. Typical hydrogenation catalysts may be either bulk or supported and may include the following metals: nickel, platinum, palladium, rhenium, rhodium, nickel tungstate, nickel-molybdenum, molybdenum, cobalt-molybdenum. The supports may be silica, alumina, silica-alumina or zeolites.

A preferred catalyst is an alumina supported nickel catalyst whose specific surface area varies between 100 and 200 m ² / g of catalyst or a nickel-based bulk catalyst. The hydrogenation conditions are typically as follows:

Pressure: 50 to 160 bar, preferably 80 to 150 bar and more preferably 90 to 120 bar; - Temperature: 80 to 180 ° C, preferably 120 to 160 ° C and more preferably 150 to 160 ° C;

Hourly volume velocity (VVH): 0.2 to 5 hr ^-1 , preferably 0.4 to 3 hr ¹ and more preferably 0.5 to 0.8 hr ¹ ;

Rate of treatment with hydrogen: adapted to the conditions mentioned above and up to 200 Nm ³ / tonne of charge to be treated.

The temperature in the reactors is typically between 150 and 160 ° C with a pressure of about 100 bar while the hourly space velocity is about 0.6 hr ¹ with a treatment rate adapted to the quality of the charge to be processed and parameters of the first hydrogenation reactor. Hydrogenation can take place in one or more reactors in series. The reactors may comprise one or more catalytic beds. Catalytic beds are generally fixed catalytic beds.

The hydrogenation process preferably comprises two or three reactors, preferably three reactors and is more preferably carried out in three reactors in series.

The first reactor allows the trapping of sulfur compounds and the hydrogenation of essentially all unsaturated compounds and up to about 90% of the aromatic compounds. The product from the first reactor contains substantially no sulfur compounds. In the second stage, that is to say in the second reactor, the hydrogenation of aromatics is continued and up to 99% of the aromatics are thus hydrogenated.

The third stage in the third reactor is a finishing stage making it possible to obtain aromatic mass contents of less than or equal to 500 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 300 ppm, preferentially less than or equal to 100 ppm, more preferably less than or equal to at 50 ppm, and ideally less than or equal to 20 ppm even in the case of products with a high boiling point, for example greater than 300 ° C.

It is possible to use a reactor that has two or three or more catalyst beds. The catalysts may be present in varying or substantially equal amounts in each reactor; for three reactors, the amounts by weight may for example be 0.05-0.5 / 0.10-0.70 / 0.25-0.85, preferably 0.07-0.25 / 0 , 15-0.35 / 0.4-0.78 and more preferably 0, 10-0, 20/0, 20-0, 32 / 0.48-0, 70.

It is also possible to use one or two hydrogenation reactors instead of three. It is also possible that the first reactor is composed of twin reactors implemented alternately. This mode of operability notably allows easy loading and unloading of the catalysts: when the first reactor comprises the saturated catalyst first (substantially all the sulfur is trapped on and / or in the catalyst) it must be changed often.

A single reactor can also be used in which two, three or more catalyst beds are installed.

It may be necessary to insert quench boxes in the recycle system or between reactors to cool the effluents from one reactor to another or from a catalytic bed. to another in order to control the temperatures and hydrothermal equilibrium of each reaction. According to a preferred embodiment, there are no cooling or choking intermediates. According to one embodiment, the product resulting from the process and / or the separated gases are at least partly recycled (s) in the feed system of the hydrogenation reactors. This dilution helps to maintain the exothermicity of the reaction within controlled limits, particularly in the first stage. Recycling also allows heat exchange before the reaction and also better control of the temperature.

The effluent from the hydrogenation unit contains mainly the hydrogenated product and hydrogen. Flash separators are used to separate the effluents in the gas phase, mainly the residual hydrogen, and in the liquid phase, mainly the hydrogenated hydrocarbon fractions. The process can be carried out using three flash separators, one high pressure, one intermediate pressure and one low pressure very close to atmospheric pressure.

The hydrogen gas that is collected at the top of the flash separators can be recycled to the feed system of the hydrogenation unit or at different levels in the hydrogenation units between the reactors.

According to one embodiment, the final product is separated at atmospheric pressure. It then directly feeds a vacuum fractionation unit. Preferably, the fractionation will be at a pressure of between 10 and 50 mbar and more preferably at about 30 mbar.

The fractionation can be carried out in such a way that it is possible to simultaneously remove various hydrocarbon fluids from the fractionation column and that their boiling temperature can be predetermined.

By adapting the feed through its initial and final boiling points, the hydrogenation reactors, the separators and the fractionation unit can therefore be directly connected without the need to use intermediate tanks. This integration of hydrogenation and fractionation allows optimized thermal integration combined with a reduction in the number of devices and energy savings.

The hydrocarbon oil used in the invention is advantageously a hydrocarbon fraction having a distillation range ID (in ° C) ranging from 230 ° C. to 340 ° C., preferably from 235 ° C. to 330 ° C. and more preferably from 240 ° C to 325 ° C, more preferably from 240 ° C to 290 ° C or from 240 ° C to 270 ° C measured according to ASTM D86. Preferably, the difference between the initial boiling point and the final boiling point is less than or equal to 80 ° C, preferably less than or equal to 70 ° C, more preferably less than or equal to 60 ° C and advantageously between 40 and 50 ° C. The hydrocarbon oil may comprise one or more distillation interval fractions within the ranges described above.

Advantageously, the hydrocarbon oil used in the invention is completely saturated. Preferably, the components of the hydrocarbon oil are chosen from isoparaffins comprising 13 to 27 carbon atoms, preferably 13 to 18 carbon atoms and more preferably 14 to 18 carbon atoms.

The hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention advantageously comprises an isohexadecane content of less than or equal to 50%.

The hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention is ideally derived from the treatment of raw materials of biological origin. The term "bio-carbon" indicates that the carbon is of natural origin and comes from a biomaterial, as indicated below. The bio-carbon content and the biomaterial content are expressions indicating the same value. A renewable source material or biomaterial is an organic material in which carbon is derived from recently-fixed CO2 (on a human scale) by photosynthesis from the atmosphere. A biomaterial (100% natural carbon) has a ¹⁴ C / ¹² C isotope ratio greater than 10 ¹² , typically about 1.2 x 10 ¹² , while a fossil material has a zero ratio. Indeed, the ¹⁴ C isotopic is formed in the atmosphere and is then integrated by photosynthesis, according to a time scale of a few tens of years maximum. The half-life of ¹⁴ C is 5730 years. Thus, the materials resulting from photosynthesis, namely plants in general, necessarily have a maximum content of ¹⁴ C isotope.

Determination of biomaterial or bio-carbon content is given in accordance with ASTM D 6866-12, method B (ASTM D 6866-06) and ASTM D 7026 (ASTM D 7026-04). The hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention has a biomaterial content of at least 90%. This content is advantageously higher, in particular greater than or equal to 95%, preferably greater than or equal to 98% and advantageously equal to 100%.

In addition to a particularly high content of biomaterial, the hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention has a particularly good biodegradability. Biodegradation of an organic chemical refers to reducing the complexity of chemical compounds through the metabolic activity of microorganisms. Under aerobic conditions, micro-organisms transform organic substances into carbon dioxide, water and biomass. The OECD 306 method is used to evaluate the biodegradability of individual substances in seawater. According to this method, the hydrocarbon oil has a biodegradability at 28 days of at least 60%, preferably at least 60%. less than 70%, more preferably at least 75% and advantageously at least 80%.

Use of hydrocarbon oil

Hydrocarbon oil has proven to be a good anti-aging agent. Indeed, it can slow down aging, especially thanks to its antioxidant and / or antiradical action. oil hydrocarbon helps to fight against aging and in particular cutaneous aging, and / or to prevent and / or delay the formation of wrinkles and / or to reduce existing wrinkles and / or to stretch the skin and / or to tone the skin. hair. The present invention also describes the cosmetic use of the hydrocarbon oil as an antioxidant and / or antiradical agent.

The hydrocarbon oil is preferably applied topically, for example on the skin of the face or body, on the scalp or hair. When applied to the hair, the hydrocarbon oil makes it possible to tone them. The hydrocarbon oil is preferably applied to a "healthy" skin, free of sores or inflammation.

The hydrocarbon oil may be used alone or in the form of a cosmetic or dermatological composition.

Thanks to its improved physicochemical and sensory properties, the hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention has a very good miscibility with the other fatty substances conventionally used in the cosmetic or dermatological fields.

In particular, the hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention has a good miscibility with the fatty substances chosen from the group comprising: hydrocarbon oils of biological or petrochemical origin (other than the hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention and defined herein above), vegetable oils, vegetable butters, fatty ethers and alcohols, oily esters, alkanes and silicone oils.

Hydrocarbon oils are fats derived from petrochemical processes. By way of example, mention may be made of mineral oils, isoparaffins, waxes, paraffins, polyisobutenes or even polydecenes.

Examples of vegetable oils include wheat germ, sunflower oil, grape seed oil, sesame, maize, apricot, castor oil, shea butter, avocado, olive, soya, sweet almond oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, cotton oil, hazelnut oil, macadamia oil, jojoba oil, alfalfa oil, poppy oil, pumpkin oil, sesame oil, pumpkin oil, rapeseed oil, blackcurrant oil, evening primrose oil , millet, barley, quinoa, rye, safflower, bancoulier, passionflower, rose hip or camellia.

Vegetable butters are fatty substances that have the same properties as vegetable oils. The difference between the two is that the butters are in solid form at room temperature. Also, unlike vegetable oils, the raw material from which a butter is extracted (pulp, seeds or almonds) is heated after having been milled for the extraction of the fat. Like vegetable oils, butters can be refined to ensure better preservation, neutralize odors, improve color and consistency. Rich in antioxidant and nourishing, vegetable butters have cosmetic properties that improve the elasticity of the skin, protect against external aggressions by leaving a protective film on the epidermis and thus reducing dehydration, repair and soothe by regenerating the natural hydrolipidic film of the skin. skin. Examples of vegetable butters include shea butter, cocoa butter, mango butter, shorea butter or olive butter.

Ethers and fatty alcohols are waxy, long-chain fatty substances with remarkable properties, in particular film-forming, emollient, moisturizing, softening and protective properties. They act as moisturizing oils and as emulsifiers. Examples of fatty alcohol or ethers are: cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, myristyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, dicaprylyl ethers, stearyl ethers or octyldodecanol (identified by their INCI name).

Oily esters or ester oils are the product of a reaction between fatty acids (longer chain acids, for example stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid) and alcohols (fatty alcohols or polyols such as glycerol). These oils may contain substances derived from petrochemicals, as is the case for Isopropyl Palmitate. Examples of oily esters are caprylic capric triglyceride, coco caprylate caprate, oleyl erucate, oleyl linoleate, decyl oleate or PPG-3 benzyl ether myristate (identified by their INCI designation).

The term "silicone oils" or "polysiloxanes" means an oil comprising at least one silicon atom, and in particular at least one Si-O group. As silicone oil, there may be mentioned phenylpropyldimethylsiloxysilicate, dimethicones or cyclopentasiloxane (identified by their INCI name).

The hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention may also be mixed with any adjuvant or additive usually used in the cosmetic or dermatological fields. Of course, those skilled in the art will take care to choose the optional additive (s) of the composition in such a way that the advantageous properties attached are not or not substantially impaired by the envisaged addition. Among the conventional adjuvants that may be contained (depending on the water-soluble or fat-soluble nature of these adjuvants), there may be mentioned in particular anionic foaming surfactants (such as sodium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium alkyl phosphate, trideceth sodium sulphate), amphoteric (such as alkyl betaine, disodium cocoamphodiacetate) or nonionic HLB greater than 10 (such as POE / PPG / POE, alkylpolyglucoside, polyglyceryl-3hydroxylauryl ether); preservatives of quaternary ammonium type such as benzalkonium chloride or aromatic alcohol type such as phenoxyethanol or isothiazolinone type such as than methylisothiazolinone; sequestering agents (EDTA); antioxidants; the perfumes ; coloring matters such as soluble dyes, pigments and nacres; mattifying, tensing, whitening or exfoliating fillers; solar filters; cosmetic or dermatological active agents and agents having the effect of improving the cosmetic skin properties, hydrophilic or lipophilic (other than the hydrocarbon oil defined in the present invention); electrolytes; hydrophilic or lipophilic, anionic, nonionic, cationic or amphoteric polymers, thickeners, gelling agents or dispersants. The amounts of these various adjuvants are those conventionally used in the field under consideration, and for example from 0.01 to 20% of the total weight of the composition. As active agents that can be used with the hydrocarbon-based oil used in the invention, mention may be made, for example, of water-soluble or fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin A (retinol or beta-carotene), vitamin E (tocopherol), vitamin C (ascorbic acid) ), vitamin B5 (panthenol), vitamin B3 (niacinamide), derivatives of these vitamins (especially esters) and mixtures thereof; glutathione; antiseptics; antibacterial active agents such as 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether (or triclosan), 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide (outriclocarban); antisebohrreics; antimicrobials such as benzoyl peroxide, niacin (PP vit); slimming agents such as caffeine; optical brighteners, and any active agent suitable for the final purpose of the composition, and mixtures thereof.

The cosmetic or dermatological composition may thus comprise the hydrocarbon oil described above as a cosmetic active ingredient, at least one fatty substance chosen from: vegetable oils, vegetable butters, fatty ethers and alcohols, oily esters, alkanes and silicone oils and at least one additive chosen from the abovementioned additives.

This cosmetic or dermatological composition comprises a physiologically acceptable medium, that is to say which has no deleterious side effects and in particular which does not produce redness, heating, tugging or tingling unacceptable to a user . This medium optionally comprises water and / or at least one oil as fat, in addition to the hydrocarbon oil mentioned above.

According to one embodiment, the cosmetic or dermatological composition has a hydrocarbon oil content as described above ranging from 0.5 to 80%, preferably from 1 to 50% and advantageously from 5 to 30% by weight relative to total weight of the composition.

The cosmetic or dermatological composition used according to the invention can thus be an anhydrous composition, an emulsion such as a water-in-oil emulsion (W / O), an oil-in-water emulsion (O / W) or an emulsion. multiple (in particular E / H / E or H / E / H), a nanoemulsion, or a dispersion or a gel. The cosmetic or dermatological composition used according to the invention may be in the form of a more or less flexible cream or a vaporizable emulsion.

The hydrocarbon-based oil or the composition comprising it used according to the invention is advantageously characterized in that it has a stability of a duration greater than or equal to 4 weeks, advantageously greater than or equal to 6 weeks, the stability being evaluated after storage without stirring at ambient temperature, at 40 ° C. and at 50 ° C. and corresponding to a visual evaluation of the coloration and appearance as well as an olfactory evaluation and / or a measurement of the viscosity. Cosmetic treatment process:

The invention also covers a method of cosmetic anti-aging treatment of the skin or hair comprising at least one step of application, preferably by spreading, of the hydrocarbon-based oil defined in the present invention or of the cosmetic or dermatological composition. defined in the present invention.

The cosmetic treatment method according to the invention makes it possible to slow skin aging and / or to prevent and / or to delay the formation of wrinkles and / or to reduce wrinkles and / or to stretch the skin and / or to tone the hair.

Composition:

Finally, the invention covers a composition comprising:

at least one quaternary ammonium or isothiazolinone type compound.

According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon oil used in the composition according to the invention has one or more of the characteristics defined above for the hydrocarbon oil used according to the invention.

The quaternary ammonium or isothiazolinone type compounds are generally used as a preservative in cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions. Preferably, the compound is of the quaternary ammonium type and the quaternary ammonium of the composition according to the invention may for example be chosen from benzalkonium (BAC), didecyldimethylammonium chloride, etc. Preferably, the quaternary ammonium compound is benzalkonium chloride.

Among the isothiazolinone compounds, mention may be made of methylisothiazolinone.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the compound, in particular quaternary ammonium, used in the composition according to the invention represents from 0.1 ppm to 40% by weight, preferably from 0.5 ppm to 30% by weight, preferably from 1 ppm to 20% by weight, still more preferably from 3 ppm to 10% by weight, ideally from 5 ppm to 1% by weight of the total weight of the composition.

According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon oil used in the composition according to the invention represents at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, even more preferably at least 90% by weight, ideally at least 99% by weight, of the total weight of the composition.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises a major amount of hydrocarbon oil defined in the present invention and a minor amount of quaternary ammonium or isothiazolinone compounds, in particular of the quaternary ammonium type.

By "majority amount" is meant an amount of at least 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

"Minority amount" means an amount strictly less than 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, still more preferably at least 90% by weight, ideally at least 99% by weight of hydrocarbon oil and less than 40% by weight, preferably less than 30% by weight, preferably less than 20% by weight, still more preferably less than 10% by weight, ideally less than 1% by weight of compounds of quaternary ammonium type or of isothiazolinone type, said compounds being preferably chosen from benzalkonium chloride and methylisothiazolinone, the percentages being expressed relative to the total weight of the composition.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, still more preferably at least 90% by weight, ideally at least 99% by weight of hydrocarbon oil and less than 40% by weight, preferably less than 30% by weight, preferably less than 20% by weight, still more preferably less than 10% by weight, ideally less than 1% by weight quaternary ammonium, said quaternary ammonium being preferably benzalkonium chloride (BAC), the percentages being expressed relative to the total weight of the composition.

The inventors have surprisingly observed that the composition according to the invention, in particular the combination of biodegradable, biocidal and predominantly isoparaffinic hydrocarbon oil and a preservative of quaternary ammonium type or of aromatic alcohol type or of Isothiazolinone type allowed to block the production of free radicals and therefore to have an anti-aging effect, in particular an anti-aging and / or anti-wrinkle effect.

EXAMPLES

In the remainder of the present description, examples are given by way of illustration of the present invention and are not intended in any way to limit its scope.

Hydrocarbon oils tested:

Table 1 summarizes the physicochemical properties of the various hydrocarbon oils evaluated. Oils A and B are hydrocarbon oils used according to the invention.

Table 1

Boiling point 50% (° C) 258.9 298.5

Boiling point 95% (° C) 266.8 305.3

Final boiling point (° C) 269.0 324.1

Biodegradability OECD (28 days) (%) 80 83

Refractive index at 20 ° C 1,4336 1,4394 density at 15 ° C (kg / m ³ ) 776.4 787.2

Flash point (° C) 115 149

Kinematic Viscosity at 40 ° C (cSt) 2.49 3.87

Vapor pressure at 20 ° C (kPa) <0.01 <0.01

Aniline point (° C) 93.2 99.5

The following standards and methods have been used to measure the above properties:

- flash point: EN ISO 2719

- density at 15 ° C: EN ISO 1185

- viscosity at 40 ° C: EN ISO 3104

- aniline point: EN ISO 2977

- boiling point: ASTM D86

biodegradability: OECD method 306

refractive index at 20 ° C: ASTM D 1218

vapor pressure: calculated according to methods well known to those skilled in the art

Tests for anti-wrinkle or anti-aging cosmetic applications

Preparation of the tests:

Microplate Preparation: 24 hours before incubation with oils A and B, HaCaT cells are seeded at a cell density of 100,000 cells / mL in 96-well microplates (Corning). The microplates are then placed in the incubator at 37 ° C. In a microplate, each condition has been tested at least three times. Each experiment was performed at least three times independently to validate the reproducibility of the results and to perform statistical analyzes.

Incubation of the cells with oils A or B: two incubation times were selected for the pure test products: a fifteen-minute incubation and a one-hour incubation. After these incubation times, the microplates are emptied, the cells are rinsed and incubated for 24 hours with DMEM medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) enriched with 10% FCS (Fetal Calf Serum) containing 1% by weight. glutamine and 0.5% by weight of antibiotics. Analysis

The cellular effects are evaluated directly on adherent living cells by cytofluorimetric microtiteration (MiFALC-Microtiter Fluorimetric Assays on Live Cells). The microplate reader used in the study is the Safire cytometer (Tecan).

1. Evaluation of oxidative stress:

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between oxidizing species (mainly reactive oxygen species) and mechanisms of antioxidant defenses. This imbalance leads to deleterious effects such as inflammation, cellular degeneration ...

The H2DCF-DA test (2 ', 7'-dihydrodichlorofluorescein diacetate) is used to evaluate the production of reactive oxygen species. This fluorogenic molecule enters the cells by passive diffusion and accumulates in the cytosol where it will be hydrolysed by cell esterases. In the presence of reactive oxygen species, the product formed can be oxidized to a fluorescent derivative. Thus, an increase in fluorescence intensity is associated with an increase in the production of reactive species (E 0) of oxygen and by extrapolation to an increase of oxidative stress in the cells studied. 1.1. Example 1

The production of reactive oxygen species (ORS) expressed as a percentage relative to the culture medium (MC) is shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2: Production of reactive oxygen species (% relative to MC)

* P <0.05; ** p <0.01.

As shown in Table 2, the hydrocarbon oils defined in the present invention do not induce overproduction of reactive oxygen species either after 15 minutes or after 1 hour. Oils A and B decrease the production of reactive oxygen species relative to the control culture medium. Thus, the hydrocarbon oil defined in the present invention can be used as an anti-wrinkle or anti-aging agent.

1.2. Example 2

Preservatives, used as an additive in cosmetic compositions, have been evaluated. The preservatives evaluated are phenoxyethanol (POE) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT).

For this test, the HaCat cells are incubated with oils A or B (for example for 15 minutes for the POE test) and then with the preservative POE or MIT (for example for 30 minutes with a phenoxyethanol solution at 250 μg / mL ).

The production of E O is shown in Table 2bis below.

Table 2bis: Production of reactive oxygen species (% relative to MC)

As shown in Table 2a, the oils A and B used according to the present invention decrease the production of reactive oxygen species in the presence of a preservative, which tends to increase the production of ERO.

2. Evaluation of the anti-cellular degenerative effect

2.1. Evaluation of chromatin condensation:

For this test, HaCat cells are incubated for one hour with oils A or B or with olive oil and then for 20 minutes with benzalkonium chloride (BAC), present at a content of 8 ppm by weight. The HOECHST 33342 test is performed to evaluate chromatin condensation.

Benzaikonium chloride causes a phenomenon of apoptosis (programmed cell death). Olive oil (HO) is an oil known for cellular protection against benzaikonium chloride. The measurement of the condensation of chromatin expressed as a percentage relative to the culture medium (MC) is shown in Table 3 below.

Table 3: Measurement of chromatin condensation (% relative to MC)

*** p <0.001

As shown in Table 3, oil A and B exhibit an anti-apoptotic effect. In addition, it can be noted that the apoptotic effect of benzalkonium chloride is greatly reduced in the presence of hydrocarbon oil A or B, this reduction being much greater than that obtained with olive oil.

2.2. Evaluation of P2X7 receptor activation:

P2X7 receptors, present in many tissues, including the skin, are involved in phenomena of inflammation and cell death, including apoptosis.

The YO-P 0-1 test allows the evaluation of P2X7 receptor activation. This fluorescent probe enters cells only if the membrane permeability has been modified via the activation of P2X7 (membrane pore aperture) receptors. The probe used can then bind to the DNA and fluoresce. The greater the activation of P2X7 receptors, the higher the intensity of fluorescence.

The activation of P2X7 expressed as a percentage relative to the culture medium (MC) is shown in Table 4.

Table 4: Activation of P2X7 (% vs. MC)

* p <0.05 As shown in Table 4, the hydrocarbon oil B according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the activation of the P2X7 receptor.

Thus, the hydrocarbon oil defined in the present invention has an anti-apoptotic effect, blocking the phenomenon of cell death.

Thus, the hydrocarbon oil defined in the present invention may for example be used as an anti-wrinkle or anti-aging agent.

Claims

Use of a hydrocarbon oil which comprises a weight content of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100%, a content by weight of normal paraffins ranging from 0 to 10% and a carbon content of biological origin greater than or equal to 90% relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon oil, as an anti-aging agent.

Use according to claim 1, for slowing skin aging and / or for preventing and / or delaying the formation of wrinkles and / or for attenuating wrinkles and / or for stretching the skin and / or for toning the hair.

Use according to one of claims 1 or 2 for topical application.

Use according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the hydrocarbon oil comprises a content by weight of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100%, preferably from 95 to 100% and preferably from 98% to 100% relative to the total weight. hydrocarbon oil.

Use according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the hydrocarbon oil is chosen from non-cyclic isoparaffins comprising from 14 to 18 carbon atoms.

Use according to any one of the preceding claims wherein:

the hydrocarbon oil comprises a content by weight of normal paraffins less than or equal to 10%, preferably less than or equal to 5% and preferably less than or equal to 2% relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon oil; and or

the hydrocarbon oil comprises a content by weight of naphthenic compounds of less than or equal to 1%, preferably less than or equal to 0.5% and preferably less than or equal to 100 ppm relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon oil; and or

the hydrocarbon oil comprises a content by weight of aromatic compounds of less than or equal to 500 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 300 ppm, preferentially less than or equal to 100 ppm, more preferably lower; or equal to 50 ppm, advantageously less than or equal to 20 ppm relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon oil.

7. Use according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the hydrocarbon oil has a boiling point ranging from 230 to 340 ° C, preferably from 235 to

330 ° C and more preferably 240 to 325 ° C according to ASTM D86 and / or a flash point greater than or equal to 110 ° C according to EN ISO 2719 and / or a vapor pressure at 20 ° C less than or equal to at 0.01kPa. 8. Use according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the hydrocarbon oil is obtained by a catalytic hydrogenation process at a temperature of 80 to 180 ° C and at a pressure of 50 to 160 bar of a feedstock. deoxygenated and / or isomerized biological origin. 9. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the hydrocarbon oil is in the form of a cosmetic or dermatological composition comprising the hydrocarbon oil, preferably in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 80 %, preferably from 1 to 50% and advantageously from 5 to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

10. Use according to claim 9, wherein the cosmetic or dermatological composition comprises at least one fatty substance chosen from: vegetable oils, hydrocarbon oils, vegetable butters, fatty ethers and alcohols, oily esters and alkanes and oils. silicones and / or at least one additive.

11. Use according to claim 9 or 10, wherein said cosmetic or dermatological composition is an anhydrous composition, an emulsion such as a water-in-oil emulsion (W / O), an oil-in-water emulsion (H / E) or a multiple emulsion (especially E / H / E or H / E / H), a nanoemulsion, or a dispersion or a gel.

12. A method of cosmetic anti-aging treatment of the skin or hair comprising at least one step of applying, preferably by spreading, the hydrocarbon oil as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8 or cosmetic or dermatological composition as defined in any one of claims 9 to 11.

13. The treatment method according to claim 12, for slowing skin aging and / or for preventing and / or delaying the formation of wrinkles and / or for attenuating wrinkles and / or for tightening the skin and / or for toning the hair.

14. Composition comprising:

at least one quaternary ammonium or isothiazolinone type compound.

The composition of claim 14, wherein the hydrocarbon oil is as defined in any one of claims 2 to 8.

16. Composition according to one of claims 14 or 15, wherein the compound is of quaternary ammonium type.

17. The composition of claim 16, wherein the quaternary ammonium is selected from benzalkonium chloride and didecyldimethylammonium chloride, alone or in admixture.

18. Composition according to one of Claims 14 to 16, in which the compound represents from 0.1 ppm to 40% by weight, preferably from 0.5 ppm to 30% by weight, preferably from 1 ppm to 20% by weight. weight, more preferably from 3 ppm to 10% by weight, ideally from 5 ppm to 1% by weight of the total weight of the composition.