EP3599000B1 - Abseiling device with pulley - Google Patents

Abseiling device with pulley Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3599000B1
EP3599000B1 EP19187414.8A EP19187414A EP3599000B1 EP 3599000 B1 EP3599000 B1 EP 3599000B1 EP 19187414 A EP19187414 A EP 19187414A EP 3599000 B1 EP3599000 B1 EP 3599000B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotation
pulley
rope
clamping
cam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19187414.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3599000A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre-Olivier Chabod
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zedel SAS
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Zedel SAS
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Publication of EP3599000A1 publication Critical patent/EP3599000A1/en
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
    • A62B1/06—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices
    • A62B1/14—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices with brakes sliding on the rope
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
    • A62B1/06—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices
    • A62B1/08—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices with brake mechanisms for the winches or pulleys
    • A62B1/10—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices with brake mechanisms for the winches or pulleys mechanically operated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D3/00—Portable or mobile lifting or hauling appliances
    • B66D3/04—Pulley blocks or like devices in which force is applied to a rope, cable, or chain which passes over one or more pulleys, e.g. to obtain mechanical advantage
    • B66D3/046—Openable pulley blocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D2700/00—Capstans, winches or hoists
    • B66D2700/02—Hoists or accessories for hoists
    • B66D2700/026—Pulleys, sheaves, pulley blocks or their mounting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-locking pulley descender whose operation is improved and more particularly to a self-locking pulley descender capable of supporting significant loads in the form of a self-locking pulley.
  • a pulley descender marketed under the name “MAESTRO” by the applicant.
  • a descender includes a pulley configured to rotate only in one direction around its axis of rotation.
  • the descender also includes a rotating cam which is configured to block the rope when the movement of the rope is intended to generate rotation of the pulley in the second direction of rotation.
  • the cam is in permanent or quasi-permanent contact with the rope so that the movement of the rope to generate the second direction of rotation of the pulley causes the rotation of the cam towards a blocking position.
  • the inventors realized that the speed of blocking varies significantly with the surface quality of the rope as well as with the temperature of the descender.
  • the document US 2014/262611 describes a belay system which comprises a rotating movable cam associated with a pulley.
  • the cam moves between a blocking position and a position allowing the rope to slide.
  • the pulley is associated with a pulley rotation speed detection system which is configured to cause the pulley to lock when the rotation speed exceeds a threshold speed.
  • An object of the invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a self-locking pulley which improves the blocking of the rope, in particular by means of a configuration in which the evolution of the coefficient of friction has less importance in the blocking rope.
  • a pulley according to claim 1 is used.
  • a spring is arranged to apply a force moving the cam towards the rope blocking zone.
  • the spring is arranged to move the first axis of rotation towards a first position. Applying a force to the rope to rotate the pulley in the first direction of rotation moves the first axis of rotation away from the first position
  • the first axis of rotation is mounted movable in rotation relative to the first flange around the second axis of rotation, the first axis of rotation being movable in the first direction of rotation and the second direction of rotation relative to the second axis of rotation, blocking the pulley in the second direction of rotation causing the movement of the first axis of rotation and the pulley in the second direction of rotation around the second axis of rotation.
  • the first axis of rotation is offset from the second axis of rotation so that the application of a constraint on the rope to rotate the pulley in the first direction of rotation generates a moment aimed at shifting the cam from the zone of rotation. blocking and that the disappearance of said constraint causes the cam to move towards the blocking zone.
  • the pulley when the pulley moves in the first direction of rotation, the pulley is in a first position which is further from the rope blocking zone than a second position representative of a blocking of the rope. rope.
  • the rotation of the pulley and of the first axis of rotation in the second direction of rotation causes the rotation of the cam around the second axis of rotation to bring the cam closer to the blocking zone.
  • cam it is advantageous to provide for the cam to be fixedly mounted on the second axis of rotation or on the first axis of rotation.
  • the first flange includes a first groove.
  • the pulley and the second axis of rotation are mounted on a support associated with a first pin passing through the first groove.
  • the movement of the first pin along the first groove causes the rotation of the support according to the first direction of rotation.
  • the descender is provided with a handle comprising a stop arranged to come into contact with the first pin, the rotation of the handle in the first direction of rotation causes the rotation of the first pin in the first direction of rotation.
  • the first flange includes a second groove.
  • the support is associated with a second pin passing through the second groove, a spring being fixed to the first flange to move the second pin in the second direction of rotation.
  • the spring is mounted around the second axis of rotation.
  • the pulley comprises a toothed wheel associated with at least one blocker and a locking spring.
  • the toothed wheel, the at least one blocker and the locking spring are arranged to allow rotation of the pulley in the first direction of rotation and prevent rotation in the second direction of rotation.
  • the pulley comprises a plurality of flats arranged in a groove of the pulley so as to define constrictions in the groove.
  • the invention also relates to a method of blocking a rope in a self-locking pulley.
  • the method allows easy blocking of the rope in the self-locking pulley by reducing the dependence on the coefficient of friction which exists between the rope and the self-locking pulley.
  • the blocking method is remarkable in that it includes the characteristics of claim 11.
  • THE figures 1 And 2 represent perspective views of a self-locking descender 1 with pulley 2.
  • the self-locking descender 1 has a first flange 3 provided with a side wall 3a defining a path for circulation of a rope 4 inside the descender 1.
  • the descender defines two rope entry/exit orifices in the descender 1.
  • the rope enters the descender through a first orifice passes over the pulley 2 and exits the descender through the second orifice.
  • the rope is divided into a first strand and a second strand depending on whether you are on one side or the other of pulley 2.
  • the descender has a circulation path which is intended to receive the rope 4.
  • the rope 4 moves inside the rope circulation path.
  • the rope circulation path has a support wall which makes the mechanical connection with the rope 4. When the rope is under tension, it presses on the support wall which applies a force to the descender.
  • FIG 1 represents a closed descender while the figure 2 represents an open descender. Opening descender 1 allows rope 4 to be installed or removed. Closing descender 1 allows rope 4 to be held in descender 1.
  • the descender 1 has a pulley 2 which is rotatably mounted relative to the first flange 3.
  • the pulley 2 rotates around a first axis of rotation A.
  • the pulley 2 is mounted on a first shaft 25 which defines the first axis of rotation A .
  • Shaft 25 is illustrated in figure 8 For example.
  • Pulley 2 is configured to only rotate in one direction of rotation.
  • the pulley 2 presents an autorotation and it is configured to rotate in a first direction of rotation denoted + and it is configured to be blocked when it is desired to rotate in the second direction of rotation denoted - and opposite in the first direction of rotation.
  • the pulley 2 rotates in the first direction of rotation.
  • pulley 2 locks.
  • the pulley 2 is also mounted movable relative to the first flange 3 to move between first and second positions.
  • FIG. 3 represents pulley 2 in the first position while the Figure 4 represents pulley 2 in the second position.
  • the second position is closer to the side wall 3a than the first position, which makes it possible to define a blocking position of the rope.
  • the first position allows the rope 4 to slide relative to the descender 1 in a configuration equivalent to a rotation of the pulley in the second direction of rotation.
  • the pulley 2 being locked in the second direction of rotation, the movement of the rope 4 is by sliding.
  • the pulley 2 blocks which causes the movement of the pulley 2 towards the second position and causes the blocking of the rope 4.
  • an additional force is applied to block the rope 4.
  • This embodiment is particularly advantageous because the rope 4 is in direct contact with the pulley 2 which increases the contact surface used to move towards the blocking position.
  • the increased contact surface between the pulley 2 and the rope 4 facilitates the movement of the pulley 2 towards the blocking position.
  • the pulley 2 being fixed because it is impossible to rotate in the second direction of rotation, the friction of the rope 4 on the pulley 2 is used to reach the blocking threshold position.
  • the pulley is only mounted to rotate around its axis of rotation so that the tension applied to the second strand of the rope blocks the pulley.
  • the movement of the rope generates a friction force opposing the force applied by a spring to move a cam and reach the locking position of the rope.
  • the cam having a reduced surface area, it is more difficult to achieve sufficient friction of the rope on the cam for the cam to reach the blocking position. It is also difficult to have sufficient friction between the rope and the pulley to counter the effect of the spring and ensure proper triggering of the lock. If the force generated by the spring is too weak, it may block the rope unexpectedly.
  • the movement of pulley 2 can be arbitrary to reach the blocking threshold position. It is possible to use a translation movement, a rotation movement or even a combination of these two movements. Particularly advantageously, a rotational movement is preferred because it makes it possible to better manage the force applied to the pulley 2 with regard to the tension present in the rope 4.
  • the first axis of rotation A is mounted movable in rotation relative to the first flange 3 around a second axis of rotation B different from the first axis of rotation A.
  • the first axis of rotation A is movable according to the first direction of rotation + and according to the second direction of rotation - relative to the second axis of rotation B. Blocking the pulley 2 according to the second direction of rotation - causes the movement of the first axis of rotation A and the pulley 2 in the second direction of rotation around the second axis of rotation B so that the distance between the pulley and the side wall 3a of the first flange 1 decreases to the threshold position where blocking occurs.
  • the rotation of pulley 2 can cause a movement of the first axis of rotation A to move away from a blocking position of the rope 4.
  • the pulley 2 moves in the first direction of rotation +, the pulley 2 is outside the second position and preferably in the first position which is further from the wall lateral 3a than the second position.
  • the rope 4 must not overcome a high friction force which makes it possible to maintain high efficiency when pulling a load fixed to the second strand.
  • the support wall of the circulation path is exclusively formed by the pulley which makes it possible to avoid friction zones of the rope.
  • the pulley 2 turns to move the portion of rope until the portion of rope exits the descender 1. During its movement in the descender, the portion of rope was only in contact with the pulley which limits the friction of the rope inside the descender. As illustrated in the different figures, the support wall of the circulation path defines a semi-circle which is formed by the pulley 2 which increases the quality of contact between the rope and the pulley. The pulley ensures the recovery of force in the first position and the second position of the support 7.
  • the pulley defines a rope circulation path with a semi-circle whose radius of curvature corresponds to the radius of the pulley in its groove.
  • the inner wall of the circulation path defines a semi-circle which corresponds to half of the pulley.
  • the weight of the load to be supported is taken entirely by the pulley and the rope 4 can circulate in the descender following the rotation of the pulley in a semi-circle which avoids the formation of sliding zones and therefore friction zones.
  • the circulation path defines a semi-circle by means of the pulley.
  • the rope is in contact with the pulley on half of the pulley.
  • the external wall of the pulley is devoid of coverage by the cam over more than half of the perimeter of the pulley, which allows almost complete force absorption by the pulley. The force taken up by the pulley occurs regardless of the position of the pulley between the first position and the second position.
  • the document US 2014/0262611 proposes a configuration with a movable cam, part of the support wall of which is formed by a pulley so as to modulate the friction force according to the translation speed of the rope.
  • the rest of the support wall is formed by a friction zone present on either side of a diameter of the pulley to ensure friction between the rope and the blocking system.
  • the descender 1 has a cam 5 or pad to ensure the blocking of the rope 4 against the side wall 3a of the first flange 3.
  • the rotation of the pulley 2 and the first axis of rotation A in the second direction of rotation causes the appearance of a force which induces the rotation of the cam 5 around the second axis of rotation B with a reduction in the distance between the cam 5 and the blocking zone up to the threshold position representative of the blocking of the rope.
  • the rotation of the pulley 2 around the first axis of rotation A in the first direction of rotation causes the appearance of a force which induces the rotation of the cam 5 around the second axis of rotation B with an increase in the distance between the cam 5 and the blocking zone to leave the blocking position of the rope 4.
  • the use of a movable cam 5 separate from the pulley 3 and projecting from the pulley 2 ensures better blocking of the rope 4 between the cam 5 and the side wall 3a.
  • the movement of the pulley 2 makes it possible to bring the cam 5 closer to its locking position, which makes it easier to obtain the locking of the rope 4.
  • the movement of the pulley 2 advantageously makes it possible to move the cam 5 in order to increase the applied tension by the cam 5 on the rope 4 by bringing it closer to the side wall 3a which makes it easier to obtain a threshold friction force ensuring the self-locking of the rope 4.
  • the cam 5 is mounted to rotate around a second shaft 26 which defines a second axis of rotation B distinct from the first axis of rotation A.
  • the cam 5 is mounted to rotate around the second axis of rotation B so that the position of the cam 5 in relation to the blocking zone is linked to the position of the first shaft 25.
  • the first axis of rotation A is offset from the second axis of rotation B so that the application of a force on the rope 4 to rotate the pulley 2 in the first direction of rotation + generates a force aimed at moving the cam away 5 of the blocking zone.
  • the application of a force on the rope 4 to rotate the pulley 2 in the second direction of rotation - generates a force aimed at bringing the cam 5 closer to the blocking zone.
  • the offset between the two axes of rotation A and B induces the appearance of a torque when the first strand of rope 4 or the second strand of rope 4 is pulled. It is particularly advantageous to use this torque to move the cam 5 or generate a force aimed at moving the cam 5.
  • the two axes of rotation are spaced by a distance which is less than the radius of the pulley 2.
  • the angular offset of the axis of the pulley and of the cam 5 is reduced between the two positions which makes it possible to have a recovery of effort by means of pulley 2 whose position changes little depending on the direction of rotation sought for the pulley.
  • the first axis of rotation A and the second axis of rotation B are placed so that the weight of the pulley 2 causes the movement of the cam 5 out of the blocking position of the rope 4.
  • the first axis of rotation A and the second axis of rotation B are placed so that when the first strand of rope is pulled, the pulley 2 and the cam 5 move to move away from the blocking position before pulley 2 begins to rotate around the first axis of rotation A.
  • the cam 5 is fixedly mounted on the first shaft 25, this configuration makes it possible to have, for example, the rotation of the cam 5 in an identical manner to the rotation of the second axis of rotation B.
  • first flange 3 comprises a first groove 6 and in which the position of the pulley 2 is represented by the position of an indicator in the first groove 6. It is then possible to quickly determine whether the blocking of rope 4 comes from the position of pulley 2 or from another element. If the indicator cooperates with a handle 12, the position of the handle 12 provides an indication of the position of the indicator.
  • the pulley 2 and the second axis of rotation B are mounted on a support 7 associated with a first pin 8 passing through the first groove 6.
  • the movement of the first pin 8 along the first groove 6 causes the rotation of the support 7 according to the first direction of rotation + and according to the second direction of rotation.
  • the rotation of the support 7 causes the rotation of the first pin 8.
  • the support 7 moves between a first position and a second position.
  • it is particularly advantageous to provide that the axis of rotation B of the support 7, the axis of rotation of the pulley and the point of attachment of the descender to an anchor point are not aligned because this facilitates rotation of the cam between its blocking position and its other position.
  • the first flange 3 defines a second groove 9.
  • the position of the pulley 2 relative to the first flange 3 is represented by the position of a second indicator in the second groove 9.
  • the support 7 is associated with a second pin 10 which passes through the second groove 9.
  • a spring 11 fixed to the first flange 3 to move the pulley 2 towards the second position, that is to say move the second pin 10 to facilitate the blocking of the rope 4.
  • the spring 11 is configured to move the pulley 2 in the second direction of rotation - and tend towards the blocking position of the rope 4.
  • the spring 11 is fixed to the second indicator, here the second pin 10 so as not to interfere with the rotation of the pulley 2 and the path of the rope 4.
  • the spring 11 is separated from the pulley 2 by the first flange 3 which makes it possible to have a compact architecture in the path of the rope 4.
  • the spring 11 can be produced by any known technique for example with a helical spring in torsion, traction or compression. It is also possible to form a spring 11 by elastic deformation of one or more plates. It is particularly advantageous to provide that the spring 11 is mounted around the second axis of rotation B, which makes it possible to gain in compactness.
  • the descender 1 includes a handle 12 as illustrated in figures 1 to 7 .
  • the handle 12 comprises a stop 12a arranged to come into contact with the first pin 8.
  • the rotation of the handle 12 according to the first direction of rotation causes the stop 12a to come into contact with the first pin then the movement of the first pin according to the first direction of rotation +.
  • This embodiment is particularly advantageous when the second pin 10 is associated with the spring 11.
  • the spring 11 is arranged to move the pulley 2 towards the blocking position.
  • the rotation of the handle 12 from a waiting position makes it possible to bring the stop 12a and the first pin 8 into contact.
  • the stop 12a presses on the first pin 8 which moves.
  • the handle 12 exerts a force which opposes the force applied by the spring 11 which moves the pulley 2 and the cam 5 if necessary.
  • the stress applied to the rope 4 decreases, which allows the rope 4 to slide.
  • the movement of the handle 12 makes it possible to regulate the distance between the pulley 2/the cam 5 and the side wall 3a, which makes it possible to regulate the intensity of the friction force and therefore the speed of movement of the rope 4 in the descender 1.
  • the spring 11 moves the cam 5 towards the blocking zone, that is to say moves the cam 5 towards a blocking position of the rope so that, by default, the cam 5 blocks the rope 4 independently of the intensity of the friction between the rope 4 and the pulley 2.
  • the cam 5 is by default in a position which blocks the rope 4.
  • the torque generated opposes the spring which allows movement of the pulley and movement of the cam.
  • the cam no longer blocks the rope which can be pulled taking advantage of the rotation of the pulley to obtain high efficiency when pulling.
  • the self-locking descender 1 comprises a pulley 2 provided with a toothed wheel 13 associated with at least one blocker 14 and with a spring 15 called a locking spring.
  • the toothed wheel 13, the at least one blocker 14 and the spring 15 are arranged to authorize the rotation of the pulley 2 in the first direction of rotation + and prevent the rotation of the pulley 2 in the second direction of rotation -.
  • This configuration is particularly advantageous because the locking system according to the second direction of rotation is located inside the pulley 2 which does not hinder the path of the rope 4.
  • the spring 15 is mounted in pulley 2 in order to facilitate its integration and the compactness of pulley 2.
  • other configurations are possible.
  • the pulley 2 comprises a plurality of flats 16 arranged in a groove of the pulley 2 so as to define constrictions in the groove.
  • These multiple reductions in the section of the groove of the pulley 2 form zones of privileged friction when the rope 4 must slide along the pulley 2.
  • a smooth roller or a faceted roller can define a groove whose section is more or less pronounced V-shaped in order to define the friction force.
  • the first flange 3 is associated with a second flange 17 which is mounted movable relative to the first flange 3.
  • the second flange 17 is mounted movable in rotation around a third axis of rotation C. The rotation of the second flange 17 makes it possible to open or close the descender 1 as is illustrated in figures 1 And 2 .
  • the first flange 3 and the second flange 17 each define a fixing opening 18.
  • the two fixing openings 18 are placed opposite each other so as to cooperate with a connector (not shown), for example a carabiner, which allows to fix the descender 1 to a fixed point.
  • the first flange 3 also defines a second fixing opening 19 for installing, for example, a carabiner.
  • the first flange 3 includes a blocking stop 20 which is configured to block the progression of the second flange 17 to its closed position which closes the descender 1.
  • the cam 5 is fixed on the support 7 by means of a fixing element 22 which extends through the first opening 6 to form the first pin 8.
  • the fixing element 22 passes through the support 7 until reaching a second support 23.
  • the second support 23 is fixed to the first support 7.
  • the first support 7 and the second support 23 are separated by the pulley 2 and by the cam 5.
  • the cam 5 is fixedly mounted on the support 7.
  • the first pin 8 is surrounded by one or more bearings 24 which makes it possible to improve sliding in the first groove 6.
  • the axis of rotation A is advantageously defined by a shaft 25.
  • the shaft 25 has a first through hole which aligns with a first through hole of the support 7 in order to insert a second shaft 26 forming the second axis of rotation B
  • the second support 23 has a first hole which aligns with the first hole of the shaft 25 which allows the rotation shaft 25, the first support 7 and the second support 23 to be fixed by means of the second shaft 26.
  • the shaft 25 also comprises a second through hole which aligns with a second through hole of the support 7 and possibly a second through hole of the second support 23.
  • the second through holes are crossed by a second rod forming the pin 10. The use of two series of through holes ensures that the movement applied to the support 7 results in the same movement on the shaft 25 and therefore on the first axis of rotation as well as on the cam 5.
  • the shaft 25 is separated from the support 7 by a bearing 27 which makes it possible to improve the rotation of the shaft 25 relative to the support 7 and therefore to improve the rotation of the pulley 2 by relative to the support 7.
  • the pulley 2 is of circular section and has a groove for the passage of the rope 4.
  • the pulley 2 is in the form of a ring in order to install the first axis of rotation A in the center of the pulley 2.
  • the pulley advantageously defines a toothed wheel 13.
  • the toothed wheel 13 cooperates with blockers 14 which are installed on the shaft 25 as well as with springs 15 which press on the blockers 14, to shift the blockers 14 outwards and the teeth of the toothed wheel 13.
  • the pulley 2 is rotatably mounted by means of a bearing 21, for example a ball bearing which is inserted between the pulley 2 and the shaft 25.
  • the shaft 25 defines the first axis of rotation A and the bearing 21 facilitates the rotation of the pulley 2 relative to the shaft 25.
  • the use of the descender 1 can be described as follows.
  • a self-locking descender 1 according to one of the multiple embodiments described above is provided.
  • the rope 4 is installed in the descender 1 between the pulley and the side wall 3a.
  • the user pulls on the first strand of the rope 4 which allows the pulley 2 to rotate in a first direction of rotation +.
  • the load attached to the second strand of rope 4 is lifted.
  • the second strand of rope 4 is pulled to rotate the pulley 2 in the second direction of rotation - which causes the blockage of the pulley 2.
  • the pulley 2 moves in the direction of a side wall until the rope is blocked 4.
  • the force applied to the second strand of rope causes the support 7 to move, here a rotational movement with a rotational movement of the cam 5.
  • the spring 11 moves the support 7 towards the blocking position so that the descender 1 blocks the rope 4 by default.
  • the pulley 2 moves so as to unblock the rope 4 and facilitate the rotation of the pulley 2 and therefore the performance when raising the load present on the second strand of rope 4.
  • the handle is mounted to rotate around a shaft 28 which defines an axis of rotation C.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pulleys (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)

Description

Domaine technique de l'inventionTechnical field of the invention

L'invention est relative à un descendeur autobloquant à poulie dont le fonctionnement est amélioré et plus particulièrement à un descendeur autobloquant à poulie capable de supporter des charges importantes sous la forme d'une poulie autobloquante.The invention relates to a self-locking pulley descender whose operation is improved and more particularly to a self-locking pulley descender capable of supporting significant loads in the form of a self-locking pulley.

État de la techniqueState of the art

En alpinisme et dans d'autres activités de montagne, il est courant de posséder une poulie bloqueuse qui peut être utilisée en cas de chute en crevasse ou pour soulever toute charge lourde. Une telle poulie bloqueuse doit posséder un bon rendement lorsqu'elle est utilisée en tant que poulie ainsi qu'une bonne capacité à bloquer la corde. Enfin, la poulie bloqueuse doit avoir un poids et un encombrement réduits car l'équipement se trouve à demeure dans le sac et est utilisé très rarement.In mountaineering and other mountain activities, it is common to have a locking pulley which can be used in the event of a fall in a crevasse or to lift any heavy load. Such a locking pulley must have good performance when used as a pulley as well as a good capacity to block the rope. Finally, the locking pulley must have a reduced weight and size because the equipment is permanently in the bag and is used very rarely.

Dans les domaines professionnels, et notamment en secours, il est également nécessaire de posséder une poulie bloqueuse. Les contraintes d'utilisation sont différentes car la poulie est utilisée plus régulièrement sur des charges beaucoup plus importantes. Par ailleurs, lors d'un secours, il est particulièrement intéressant d'avoir en plus la possibilité de descendre une victime qui a préalablement été montée. Il est alors avantageux d'utiliser un descendeur autobloquant à poulie.In professional fields, and particularly in emergency situations, it is also necessary to have a locking pulley. The usage constraints are different because the pulley is used more regularly on much greater loads. Furthermore, during a rescue, it is particularly interesting to also have the possibility of lowering a victim who has previously been mounted. It is then advantageous to use a self-locking pulley descender.

Dans ces conditions, l'utilisation d'une poulie bloqueuse telle que celle présentée dans le document US 9,120,654 n'est pas adaptée.Under these conditions, the use of a locking pulley such as that presented in the document US 9,120,654 is not suitable.

Pour une utilisation professionnelle, il est connu d'utiliser un descendeur à poulie commercialisé sous la dénomination « MAESTRO » par la demanderesse. Un tel descendeur comporte une poulie configurée pour ne tourner que dans un seul sens autour de son axe de rotation. Le descendeur comporte également une came rotative qui est configurée pour bloquer la corde lorsque le déplacement de la corde est destiné à générer une rotation de la poulie selon le second sens de rotation.For professional use, it is known to use a pulley descender marketed under the name “MAESTRO” by the applicant. Such a descender includes a pulley configured to rotate only in one direction around its axis of rotation. The descender also includes a rotating cam which is configured to block the rope when the movement of the rope is intended to generate rotation of the pulley in the second direction of rotation.

Dans cette configuration, la came est en contact permanent ou quasipermanent avec la corde de sorte que le déplacement de la corde pour générer le second sens de rotation de la poulie entraine la rotation de la came vers une position de blocage. Les inventeurs se sont aperçus que la rapidité du blocage évolue de façon non négligeable avec la qualité de surface de la corde ainsi qu'avec la température du descendeur.In this configuration, the cam is in permanent or quasi-permanent contact with the rope so that the movement of the rope to generate the second direction of rotation of the pulley causes the rotation of the cam towards a blocking position. The inventors realized that the speed of blocking varies significantly with the surface quality of the rope as well as with the temperature of the descender.

Un constat identique peut être tiré de la poulie avec descendeur commercialisée par la société CMC sous la dénomination CSR2 PULLEYS et présentée dans le document US 7,419,138 . Cette solution n'est pas adaptée car elle ne permet pas de soutenir des contraintes importantes sur la corde de sorte qu'un glissement peut se produire qui génère un échauffement de la poulie et donc un abaissement du coefficient de frottement entre la poulie et la corde.An identical observation can be drawn from the pulley with descender marketed by the company CMC under the name CSR2 PULLEYS and presented in the document US 7,419,138 . This solution is not suitable because it does not make it possible to support significant stresses on the rope so that slipping can occur which generates heating of the pulley and therefore a lowering of the coefficient of friction between the pulley and the rope .

Il apparaît également que le dispositif commercialisé par la société CMC sous la dénomination MPD™ Multi Purpose Device ne fournit pas un résultat satisfaisant. Un tel produit est présenté dans le document US 7,658,264 et possède une poulie montée mobile autour d'un axe de rotation. La poulie est associée à une came également montée mobile autour de l'axe de rotation. La poulie est configurée de manière à n'autoriser qu'un seul sens de rotation. Lorsqu'une traction sur un brin de corde est appliquée selon le second sens de rotation, cela entraine le blocage de la poulie. Les frottements entre la corde et la poulie causent la rotation de la poulie jusqu'au coincement de la corde au moyen de la came. Il est nécessaire d'avoir un frottement suffisant afin de contrer l'effort fourni par un ressort de résistance qui place la came dans une position empêchant tout blocage de la corde. Comme indiqué dans le document US 7,658,264 , le blocage de la corde est fortement dépendant des frottements entre la corde et la poulie ce qui entraine une grande variabilité de la qualité du blocage selon l'état d'usure de la corde et de la poulie.It also appears that the device marketed by the company CMC under the name MPD ™ Multi Purpose Device does not provide a satisfactory result. Such a product is presented in the document US 7,658,264 and has a pulley mounted movable around an axis of rotation. The pulley is associated with a cam also mounted movable around the axis of rotation. The pulley is configured to allow only one direction of rotation. When traction on a strand of rope is applied in the second direction of rotation, this causes the pulley to block. The friction between the rope and the pulley cause the rotation of the pulley until the rope is jammed by means of the cam. It is necessary to have sufficient friction in order to counter the force provided by a resistance spring which places the cam in a position preventing any blocking of the rope. As stated in the document US 7,658,264 , the blocking of the rope is strongly dependent on the friction between the rope and the pulley, which leads to great variability in the quality of the blocking depending on the state of wear of the rope and the pulley.

Le document US 2014/262611 décrit un système d'assurage qui comporte une came mobile en rotation associée à une poulie. La came se déplace entre une position de blocage et une position autorisant le glissement de la corde. La poulie est associée à un système de détection de la vitesse de rotation de la poulie qui est configuré pour causer un blocage de la poulie lorsque la vitesse de rotation dépasse une vitesse seuil.The document US 2014/262611 describes a belay system which comprises a rotating movable cam associated with a pulley. The cam moves between a blocking position and a position allowing the rope to slide. The pulley is associated with a pulley rotation speed detection system which is configured to cause the pulley to lock when the rotation speed exceeds a threshold speed.

Objet de l'inventionObject of the invention

Un objet de l'invention a pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients en proposant une poulie autobloquante qui améliore le blocage de la corde, notamment au moyen d'une configuration dans laquelle l'évolution du coefficient de frottement présente une importance moindre dans le blocage de la corde.An object of the invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a self-locking pulley which improves the blocking of the rope, in particular by means of a configuration in which the evolution of the coefficient of friction has less importance in the blocking rope.

A cet effet, une poulie selon la revendication 1 est utilisée.For this purpose, a pulley according to claim 1 is used.

Avantageusement, un ressort est agencé pour appliquer une force déplaçant la came vers la zone de blocage de corde. Dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel, le ressort est agencé pour déplacer le premier axe de rotation vers une première position. L'application d'une force sur la corde pour obtenir la rotation de la poulie selon le premier sens de rotation déplace le premier axe de rotation pour s'éloigner de la première positionAdvantageously, a spring is arranged to apply a force moving the cam towards the rope blocking zone. In a preferred embodiment, the spring is arranged to move the first axis of rotation towards a first position. Applying a force to the rope to rotate the pulley in the first direction of rotation moves the first axis of rotation away from the first position

Dans un développement, le premier axe de rotation est monté mobile en rotation par rapport au premier flasque autour du deuxième axe de rotation, le premier axe de rotation étant mobile selon le premier sens de rotation et le second sens de rotation par rapport au deuxième axe de rotation, le blocage de la poulie selon le second sens de rotation entrainant le déplacement du premier axe de rotation et de la poulie selon le second sens de rotation autour du deuxième axe de rotation.In one development, the first axis of rotation is mounted movable in rotation relative to the first flange around the second axis of rotation, the first axis of rotation being movable in the first direction of rotation and the second direction of rotation relative to the second axis of rotation, blocking the pulley in the second direction of rotation causing the movement of the first axis of rotation and the pulley in the second direction of rotation around the second axis of rotation.

Préférentiellement, le premier axe de rotation est décalé du deuxième axe de rotation de sorte que l'application d'une contrainte sur la corde pour faire tourner la poulie selon le premier sens de rotation génère un moment visant à décaler la came de la zone de blocage et que la disparition de ladite contrainte cause le déplacement de la came vers la zone de blocage.Preferably, the first axis of rotation is offset from the second axis of rotation so that the application of a constraint on the rope to rotate the pulley in the first direction of rotation generates a moment aimed at shifting the cam from the zone of rotation. blocking and that the disappearance of said constraint causes the cam to move towards the blocking zone.

Dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel, lorsque la poulie se meut selon le premier sens de rotation, la poulie se trouve dans une première position qui est plus éloignée de la zone de blocage de corde qu'une deuxième position représentative d'un blocage de la corde.In a preferred embodiment, when the pulley moves in the first direction of rotation, the pulley is in a first position which is further from the rope blocking zone than a second position representative of a blocking of the rope. rope.

Avantageusement, la rotation de la poulie et du premier axe de rotation selon le second sens de rotation entrainent la rotation de la came autour du deuxième axe de rotation pour rapprocher la came de la zone de blocage.Advantageously, the rotation of the pulley and of the first axis of rotation in the second direction of rotation causes the rotation of the cam around the second axis of rotation to bring the cam closer to the blocking zone.

Il est avantageux de prévoir que la came soit montée fixe sur le deuxième axe de rotation ou sur le premier axe de rotation.It is advantageous to provide for the cam to be fixedly mounted on the second axis of rotation or on the first axis of rotation.

De manière préférentielle, le premier flasque comporte une première rainure. La poulie et le deuxième axe de rotation sont montés sur un support associé à un premier pion passant au travers de la première rainure. Le déplacement du premier pion le long de la première rainure entraine la rotation du support selon le premier sens de rotation. Le descendeur est muni d'une poignée comportant une butée agencée pour venir en contact du premier pion, la rotation de la poignée selon le premier sens de rotation entraine la rotation du premier pion selon le premier sens de rotation.Preferably, the first flange includes a first groove. The pulley and the second axis of rotation are mounted on a support associated with a first pin passing through the first groove. The movement of the first pin along the first groove causes the rotation of the support according to the first direction of rotation. The descender is provided with a handle comprising a stop arranged to come into contact with the first pin, the rotation of the handle in the first direction of rotation causes the rotation of the first pin in the first direction of rotation.

Il est également possible de prévoir que le premier flasque comporte une deuxième rainure. Le support est associé à un deuxième pion passant au travers de la deuxième rainure, un ressort étant fixé au premier flasque pour déplacer le deuxième pion selon le second sens de rotation.It is also possible to provide that the first flange includes a second groove. The support is associated with a second pin passing through the second groove, a spring being fixed to the first flange to move the second pin in the second direction of rotation.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation, le ressort est monté autour du deuxième axe de rotation.In another embodiment, the spring is mounted around the second axis of rotation.

Préférentiellement, la poulie comporte une roue crantée associée à au moins un bloqueur et à un ressort de blocage. La roue crantée, le au moins un bloqueur et le ressort de blocage sont agencés pour autoriser la rotation de la poulie selon le premier sens de rotation et empêcher la rotation selon le second sens de rotation.Preferably, the pulley comprises a toothed wheel associated with at least one blocker and a locking spring. The toothed wheel, the at least one blocker and the locking spring are arranged to allow rotation of the pulley in the first direction of rotation and prevent rotation in the second direction of rotation.

Dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel, la poulie comporte une pluralité de méplats agencés dans une gorge de la poulie de manière à définir des rétrécissements dans la gorge.In a preferred embodiment, the pulley comprises a plurality of flats arranged in a groove of the pulley so as to define constrictions in the groove.

L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de blocage d'une corde dans une poulie autobloquante. Le procédé permet un blocage facilité de la corde dans la poulie autobloquante en réduisant la dépendance au coefficient de frottement qui existe entre la corde et la poulie autobloquante.The invention also relates to a method of blocking a rope in a self-locking pulley. The method allows easy blocking of the rope in the self-locking pulley by reducing the dependence on the coefficient of friction which exists between the rope and the self-locking pulley.

Le procédé de blocage est remarquable en ce qu'il comporte les caractéristiques de la revendication 11.The blocking method is remarkable in that it includes the characteristics of claim 11.

Description sommaire des dessinsSummary description of the drawings

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et représentés aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 illustre, de façon schématique, en perspective, un descendeur autobloquant fermé avec une corde installée,
  • la figure 2 illustre, de façon schématique, en perspective, un descendeur autobloquant ouvert avec une corde installée,
  • la figure 3 illustre, de façon schématique, en vue de face, un mode de réalisation dans lequel la came est en position de glissement, le deuxième flasque étant absent,
  • la figure 4 illustre, de façon schématique, en vue de face, un mode de réalisation dans lequel la came est en position de blocage,
  • la figure 5 illustre de façon schématique, en coupe, un mode de réalisation dans lequel la came est en position de blocage, la coupe étant réalisée dans l'épaisseur de la poulie,
  • la figure 6 illustre de façon schématique, en vue arrière et en coupe, un mode de réalisation dans lequel la came est en position de blocage, la coupe étant réalisée dans l'épaisseur de la poignée,
  • la figure 7 illustre de façon schématique, en vue arrière et en coupe, un mode de réalisation dans lequel la came est en position autorisant un glissement de la corde, la coupe étant réalisée dans l'épaisseur de la poignée,
  • la figure 8 illustre de façon schématique, une vue éclatée de l'installation d'une poulie et d'une came sur un support.
Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting examples and represented in the appended drawings, in which:
  • there figure 1 illustrates, schematically, in perspective, a closed self-locking descender with a rope installed,
  • there figure 2 illustrates, schematically, in perspective, an open self-locking descender with a rope installed,
  • there Figure 3 illustrates, schematically, in front view, an embodiment in which the cam is in the sliding position, the second flange being absent,
  • there Figure 4 illustrates, schematically, in front view, an embodiment in which the cam is in the locking position,
  • there Figure 5 illustrates schematically, in section, an embodiment in which the cam is in the blocking position, the section being made in the thickness of the pulley,
  • there Figure 6 schematically illustrates, in rear view and in section, an embodiment in which the cam is in the locking position, the cut being made in the thickness of the handle,
  • there Figure 7 schematically illustrates, in rear view and in section, an embodiment in which the cam is in a position allowing the rope to slide, the cut being made in the thickness of the handle,
  • there figure 8 schematically illustrates an exploded view of the installation of a pulley and a cam on a support.

Description détailléedetailed description

Les figures 1 et 2 représentent des vues en perspective d'un descendeur autobloquant 1 à poulie 2. Le descendeur autobloquant 1 possède un premier flasque 3 muni d'une paroi latérale 3a définissant un chemin de circulation d'une corde 4 à l'intérieur du descendeur 1. Le descendeur définit deux orifices d'entrée/sortie de la corde dans le descendeur 1. La corde entre dans le descendeur par un premier orifice passe sur la poulie 2 et ressort du descendeur par le deuxième orifice. La corde est divisée en un premier brin et un deuxième brin selon que l'on se trouve d'un côté ou de l'autre de la poulie 2. Comme illustré aux figures 1 et 2, le descendeur possède un chemin de circulation qui est destiné à recevoir la corde 4. En fonctionnement, la corde 4 se déplace à l'intérieur du chemin de circulation de corde. Le chemin de circulation de corde possède une paroi de support qui réalise la connexion mécanique avec la corde 4. Lorsque la corde est sous tension, elle appuie sur la paroi de support ce qui applique un effort sur le descendeur.THE figures 1 And 2 represent perspective views of a self-locking descender 1 with pulley 2. The self-locking descender 1 has a first flange 3 provided with a side wall 3a defining a path for circulation of a rope 4 inside the descender 1. The descender defines two rope entry/exit orifices in the descender 1. The rope enters the descender through a first orifice passes over the pulley 2 and exits the descender through the second orifice. The rope is divided into a first strand and a second strand depending on whether you are on one side or the other of pulley 2. As illustrated in figures 1 And 2 , the descender has a circulation path which is intended to receive the rope 4. In operation, the rope 4 moves inside the rope circulation path. The rope circulation path has a support wall which makes the mechanical connection with the rope 4. When the rope is under tension, it presses on the support wall which applies a force to the descender.

La figure 1 représente un descendeur fermé alors que la figure 2 représente un descendeur ouvert. L'ouverture du descendeur 1 permet d'installer ou de retirer la corde 4. La fermeture du descendeur 1 permet de maintenir la corde 4 dans le descendeur 1.There figure 1 represents a closed descender while the figure 2 represents an open descender. Opening descender 1 allows rope 4 to be installed or removed. Closing descender 1 allows rope 4 to be held in descender 1.

Le descendeur 1 possède une poulie 2 qui est montée rotative par rapport au premier flasque 3. La poulie 2 tourne autour d'un premier axe de rotation A. La poulie 2 est montée sur un premier arbre 25 qui définit le premier axe de rotation A. L'arbre 25 est illustré en figure 8 par exemple.The descender 1 has a pulley 2 which is rotatably mounted relative to the first flange 3. The pulley 2 rotates around a first axis of rotation A. The pulley 2 is mounted on a first shaft 25 which defines the first axis of rotation A . Shaft 25 is illustrated in figure 8 For example.

La poulie 2 est configurée pour ne tourner que dans un seul sens de rotation. En d'autres termes, la poulie 2 présente une autorotation et elle est configurée pour tourner selon un premier sens de rotation noté + et elle configurée pour être bloquée lorsque l'on souhaite réaliser une rotation selon le second sens de rotation noté - et opposé au premier sens de rotation.Pulley 2 is configured to only rotate in one direction of rotation. In other words, the pulley 2 presents an autorotation and it is configured to rotate in a first direction of rotation denoted + and it is configured to be blocked when it is desired to rotate in the second direction of rotation denoted - and opposite in the first direction of rotation.

De cette manière, lorsque l'utilisateur tire sur un premier brin de la corde 4, la poulie 2 tourne selon le premier sens de rotation. Au contraire, lorsque l'utilisateur tire le deuxième brin de la corde 4, la poulie 2 se bloque. En plus d'être montée mobile en rotation autour du premier axe de rotation A, la poulie 2 est également montée mobile par rapport au premier flasque 3 pour se déplacer entre des première et deuxième positions.In this way, when the user pulls on a first strand of the rope 4, the pulley 2 rotates in the first direction of rotation. On the contrary, when the user pulls the second strand of rope 4, pulley 2 locks. In addition to being mounted movable in rotation around the first axis of rotation A, the pulley 2 is also mounted movable relative to the first flange 3 to move between first and second positions.

La figure 3 représente la poulie 2 dans la première position alors que la figure 4 représente la poulie 2 dans la deuxième position. La deuxième position est plus proche de la paroi latérale 3a que la première position ce qui permet de définir une position de blocage de la corde. La première position autorise un glissement de la corde 4 par rapport au descendeur 1 selon une configuration équivalente à une rotation de la poulie selon le second sens de rotation. La poulie 2 étant boquée selon le second sens de rotation, le mouvement de la corde 4 se fait par glissement.There Figure 3 represents pulley 2 in the first position while the Figure 4 represents pulley 2 in the second position. The second position is closer to the side wall 3a than the first position, which makes it possible to define a blocking position of the rope. The first position allows the rope 4 to slide relative to the descender 1 in a configuration equivalent to a rotation of the pulley in the second direction of rotation. The pulley 2 being locked in the second direction of rotation, the movement of the rope 4 is by sliding.

Lorsque le deuxième brin de corde 4 est tiré (brin à droite sur les figures 3 et 4), la poulie 2 se bloque ce qui cause le déplacement de la poulie 2 vers la deuxième position et cause le blocage de la corde 4. En alternative, lorsque le deuxième brin de corde 4 est tiré, un effort supplémentaire est appliqué pour bloquer la corde 4.When the second strand of rope 4 is pulled (right strand on the figures 3 And 4 ), the pulley 2 blocks which causes the movement of the pulley 2 towards the second position and causes the blocking of the rope 4. Alternatively, when the second strand of rope 4 is pulled, an additional force is applied to block the rope 4.

Ce mode de réalisation est particulièrement avantageux car la corde 4 est en contact direct avec la poulie 2 ce qui augmente la surface de contact utilisée pour se déplacer vers la position de blocage. La surface de contact accrue entre la poulie 2 et la corde 4 facilite le déplacement de la poulie 2 vers la position de blocage. La poulie 2 étant fixe car dans l'impossibilité de tourner selon le second sens de rotation, le frottement de la corde 4 sur la poulie 2 est utilisé pour atteindre la position seuil de blocage.This embodiment is particularly advantageous because the rope 4 is in direct contact with the pulley 2 which increases the contact surface used to move towards the blocking position. The increased contact surface between the pulley 2 and the rope 4 facilitates the movement of the pulley 2 towards the blocking position. The pulley 2 being fixed because it is impossible to rotate in the second direction of rotation, the friction of the rope 4 on the pulley 2 is used to reach the blocking threshold position.

Dans les configurations de l'art antérieur, la poulie est uniquement montée mobile en rotation autour de son axe de rotation de sorte que la tension appliquée sur le deuxième brin de la corde bloque la poulie. Une fois la poulie bloquée, le déplacement de la corde génère une force de frottement s'opposant à la force appliquée par un ressort pour déplacer une came et atteindre la position de blocage de la corde. La came ayant une surface réduite, il est plus difficile d'atteindre un frottement suffisant de la corde sur la came pour que la came atteigne la position de blocage. Il est aussi difficile d'avoir un frottement suffisant entre la corde et la poulie pour contrer l'effet du ressort et assurer le déclenchement adéquat du blocage. Si la force générée par le ressort est trop faible cela peut bloquer la corde inopinément. Il est également connu d'avoir une configuration sans came avec la poulie qui intervient dans le blocage de la corde. Dans cette dernière configuration, le blocage est limité car le déplacement de l'axe de rotation poulie est obligatoirement faible. Cette dernière solution ne permet pas de produire des forces de blocage importantes et est fortement dépendante de la qualité du contact entre la corde et la poulie.In the configurations of the prior art, the pulley is only mounted to rotate around its axis of rotation so that the tension applied to the second strand of the rope blocks the pulley. Once the pulley is blocked, the movement of the rope generates a friction force opposing the force applied by a spring to move a cam and reach the locking position of the rope. The cam having a reduced surface area, it is more difficult to achieve sufficient friction of the rope on the cam for the cam to reach the blocking position. It is also difficult to have sufficient friction between the rope and the pulley to counter the effect of the spring and ensure proper triggering of the lock. If the force generated by the spring is too weak, it may block the rope unexpectedly. It is also known to have a camless configuration with the pulley which intervenes in blocking the rope. In this last configuration, the blocking is limited because the movement of the pulley rotation axis is necessarily small. This last solution does not produce significant blocking forces and is strongly dependent on the quality of contact between the rope and the pulley.

Le mouvement de la poulie 2 peut être quelconque pour atteindre la position seuil de blocage. Il est possible d'utiliser un mouvement en translation, un mouvement en rotation ou encore une combinaison de ces deux mouvements. De manière particulièrement avantageuse, un mouvement en rotation est préféré car il permet de mieux gérer l'effort appliqué sur la poulie 2 au regard de la tension présente dans la corde 4.The movement of pulley 2 can be arbitrary to reach the blocking threshold position. It is possible to use a translation movement, a rotation movement or even a combination of these two movements. Particularly advantageously, a rotational movement is preferred because it makes it possible to better manage the force applied to the pulley 2 with regard to the tension present in the rope 4.

Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, le premier axe de rotation A est monté mobile en rotation par rapport au premier flasque 3 autour d'un deuxième axe de rotation B différent du premier axe de rotation A. Le premier axe de rotation A est mobile selon le premier sens de rotation + et selon le second sens de rotation - par rapport au deuxième axe de rotation B. Le blocage de la poulie 2 selon le second sens de rotation - entraine le déplacement du premier axe de rotation A et de la poulie 2 selon le second sens de rotation autour du deuxième axe de rotation B de sorte que la distance entre la poulie et la paroi latérale 3a du premier flasque 1 diminue jusqu'à la position seuil où le blocage intervient. A l'inverse, la rotation de la poulie 2 peut entrainer un déplacement du premier axe de rotation A pour s'éloigner d'une position de blocage de la corde 4.In the illustrated embodiment, the first axis of rotation A is mounted movable in rotation relative to the first flange 3 around a second axis of rotation B different from the first axis of rotation A. The first axis of rotation A is movable according to the first direction of rotation + and according to the second direction of rotation - relative to the second axis of rotation B. Blocking the pulley 2 according to the second direction of rotation - causes the movement of the first axis of rotation A and the pulley 2 in the second direction of rotation around the second axis of rotation B so that the distance between the pulley and the side wall 3a of the first flange 1 decreases to the threshold position where blocking occurs. Conversely, the rotation of pulley 2 can cause a movement of the first axis of rotation A to move away from a blocking position of the rope 4.

Pour gagner en efficacité lors de la rotation de la poulie, lorsque la poulie 2 se meut selon le premier sens de rotation +, la poulie 2 se trouve hors de la deuxième position et de préférence dans la première position qui est plus éloignée de la paroi latérale 3a que la deuxième position. Ainsi, lors de la rotation de la poulie 2, la corde 4 ne doit pas vaincre une force de frottement élevée ce qui permet de maintenir un rendement élevé lors du tirage d'une charge fixée au deuxième brin. Comme illustré aux figures 1 et 2, la paroi de support du chemin de circulation est exclusivement formée par la poulie ce qui permet d'éviter les zones de frottement de la corde. Lorsque le brin gauche (figure 3) de la corde est tiré pour s'éloigner de la poulie, une portion de corde 4 du brin droit s'introduit dans le descendeur pour venir en contact de la poulie. La poulie 2 tourne pour déplacer la portion de corde jusqu'à ce que la portion de corde sorte du descendeur 1. Lors de son déplacement dans le descendeur, la portion de corde s'est trouvée uniquement en contact avec la poulie ce qui limite le frottement de la corde à l'intérieur du descendeur. Comme illustré sur les différentes figures, la paroi de support du chemin de circulation définit un demi-cercle qui est formé par la poulie 2 ce qui augmente la qualité du contact entre la corde et la poulie. La poulie assure la reprise d'effort dans la première position et la deuxième position du support 7. La poulie définit un chemin de circulation de corde avec un demi-cercle dont le rayon de courbure correspond au rayon de la poulie dans sa gorge.To gain efficiency during the rotation of the pulley, when the pulley 2 moves in the first direction of rotation +, the pulley 2 is outside the second position and preferably in the first position which is further from the wall lateral 3a than the second position. Thus, during the rotation of the pulley 2, the rope 4 must not overcome a high friction force which makes it possible to maintain high efficiency when pulling a load fixed to the second strand. As illustrated in figures 1 And 2 , the support wall of the circulation path is exclusively formed by the pulley which makes it possible to avoid friction zones of the rope. When the left strand ( Figure 3 ) of the rope is pulled away from the pulley, a portion of rope 4 of the right strand is introduced into the descender to come into contact with the pulley. The pulley 2 turns to move the portion of rope until the portion of rope exits the descender 1. During its movement in the descender, the portion of rope was only in contact with the pulley which limits the friction of the rope inside the descender. As illustrated in the different figures, the support wall of the circulation path defines a semi-circle which is formed by the pulley 2 which increases the quality of contact between the rope and the pulley. The pulley ensures the recovery of force in the first position and the second position of the support 7. The pulley defines a rope circulation path with a semi-circle whose radius of curvature corresponds to the radius of the pulley in its groove.

La paroi interne du chemin de circulation définit un demi-cercle qui correspond à la moitié de la poulie. Le poids de la charge à supporter est repris intégralement par la poulie et la corde 4 peut circuler dans le descendeur en suivant la rotation de la poulie selon un demi-cercle ce qui évite la formation de zones de glissement et donc de zones de frottement. Le chemin de circulation définit un demi-cercle au moyen de la poulie. La corde est en contact de la poulie sur la moitié de la poulie. De manière avantageuse, la paroi externe de la poulie est dépourvue de recouvrement par la came sur plus de la moitié du périmètre de la poulie ce qui permet d'avoir une reprise d'effort quasi-intégrale par la poulie. La reprise d'effort par la poulie intervient quelle que soit la position de la poulie entre la première position et la deuxième position.The inner wall of the circulation path defines a semi-circle which corresponds to half of the pulley. The weight of the load to be supported is taken entirely by the pulley and the rope 4 can circulate in the descender following the rotation of the pulley in a semi-circle which avoids the formation of sliding zones and therefore friction zones. The circulation path defines a semi-circle by means of the pulley. The rope is in contact with the pulley on half of the pulley. Advantageously, the external wall of the pulley is devoid of coverage by the cam over more than half of the perimeter of the pulley, which allows almost complete force absorption by the pulley. The force taken up by the pulley occurs regardless of the position of the pulley between the first position and the second position.

En comparaison, le document US 2014/0262611 propose une configuration avec une came mobile dont une partie de la paroi de support est formée par une poulie de manière à moduler la force de frottement selon la vitesse de translation de la corde. Le reste de la paroi de support est formé par une zone de frottement présente de part et d'autre d'un diamètre de la poulie pour assurer le frottement entre la corde et le système de blocage. Lorsque la vitesse de translation est importante, la poulie se bloque ce qui augmente le frottement et cause la rotation de la came.In comparison, the document US 2014/0262611 proposes a configuration with a movable cam, part of the support wall of which is formed by a pulley so as to modulate the friction force according to the translation speed of the rope. The rest of the support wall is formed by a friction zone present on either side of a diameter of the pulley to ensure friction between the rope and the blocking system. When the translation speed is high, the pulley locks, which increases friction and causes the cam to rotate.

Le descendeur 1 possède une came 5 ou patin pour assurer le blocage de la corde 4 contre la paroi latérale 3a du premier flasque 3. La rotation de la poulie 2 et du premier axe de rotation A selon le second sens de rotation cause l'apparition d'une force qui induit la rotation de la came 5 autour du deuxième axe de rotation B avec une diminution de la distance entre la came 5 et la zone de blocage jusqu'à la position seuil représentative du blocage de la corde. La rotation de la poulie 2 autour du premier axe de rotation A selon le premier sens de rotation cause l'apparition d'une force qui induit la rotation de la came 5 autour du deuxième axe de rotation B avec une augmentation de la distance entre la came 5 et la zone de blocage pour quitter la position de blocage de la corde 4.The descender 1 has a cam 5 or pad to ensure the blocking of the rope 4 against the side wall 3a of the first flange 3. The rotation of the pulley 2 and the first axis of rotation A in the second direction of rotation causes the appearance of a force which induces the rotation of the cam 5 around the second axis of rotation B with a reduction in the distance between the cam 5 and the blocking zone up to the threshold position representative of the blocking of the rope. The rotation of the pulley 2 around the first axis of rotation A in the first direction of rotation causes the appearance of a force which induces the rotation of the cam 5 around the second axis of rotation B with an increase in the distance between the cam 5 and the blocking zone to leave the blocking position of the rope 4.

L'utilisation d'une came 5 mobile distincte de la poulie 3 et saillante de la poulie 2 permet d'assurer un meilleur blocage de la corde 4 entre la came 5 et la paroi latérale 3a. Le déplacement de la poulie 2 permet de rapprocher la came 5 de sa position de blocage ce qui facilite l'obtention du blocage de la corde 4. Le déplacement de la poulie 2 permet avantageusement de déplacer la came 5 afin d'augmenter la tension appliquée par la came 5 sur la corde 4 en la rapprochant de la paroi latérale 3a ce qui permet de faciliter l'obtention d'une force de frottement seuil assurant l'autoblocage de la corde 4.The use of a movable cam 5 separate from the pulley 3 and projecting from the pulley 2 ensures better blocking of the rope 4 between the cam 5 and the side wall 3a. The movement of the pulley 2 makes it possible to bring the cam 5 closer to its locking position, which makes it easier to obtain the locking of the rope 4. The movement of the pulley 2 advantageously makes it possible to move the cam 5 in order to increase the applied tension by the cam 5 on the rope 4 by bringing it closer to the side wall 3a which makes it easier to obtain a threshold friction force ensuring the self-locking of the rope 4.

La came 5 est montée mobile en rotation autour d'un deuxième arbre 26 qui définit un deuxième axe de rotation B distinct du premier axe de rotation A. La came 5 est montée rotative autour du deuxième axe de rotation B de sorte que la position de la came 5 par rapport à la zone de blocage soit liée à la position du premier arbre 25.The cam 5 is mounted to rotate around a second shaft 26 which defines a second axis of rotation B distinct from the first axis of rotation A. The cam 5 is mounted to rotate around the second axis of rotation B so that the position of the cam 5 in relation to the blocking zone is linked to the position of the first shaft 25.

Comme illustré aux figures 3 et 4, le premier axe de rotation A est décalé du deuxième axe de rotation B de sorte que l'application d'un effort sur la corde 4 pour faire tourner la poulie 2 selon le premier sens de rotation + génère une force visant à éloigner la came 5 de la zone de blocage. L'application d'un effort sur la corde 4 pour faire tourner la poulie 2 selon le second sens de rotation - génère une force visant à rapprocher la came 5 de la zone de blocage.As illustrated in figures 3 And 4 , the first axis of rotation A is offset from the second axis of rotation B so that the application of a force on the rope 4 to rotate the pulley 2 in the first direction of rotation + generates a force aimed at moving the cam away 5 of the blocking zone. The application of a force on the rope 4 to rotate the pulley 2 in the second direction of rotation - generates a force aimed at bringing the cam 5 closer to the blocking zone.

Le décalage entre les deux axes de rotation A et B induit l'apparition d'un couple lorsque le premier brin de corde 4 ou le deuxième brin de corde 4 est tiré. Il est particulièrement avantageux d'utiliser ce couple pour déplacer la came 5 ou générer une force visant au déplacement de la came 5. Comme illustré à la figure 3, les deux axes de rotation sont espacés d'une distance qui est inférieure au rayon de la poulie 2. Le décalage angulaire de l'axe de la poulie et de la came 5 est réduit entre les deux positions ce qui permet d'avoir une reprise d'effort au moyen de la poulie 2 dont la position évolue peu selon le sens de rotation recherché pour la poulie. Au contraire, dans le document US 2014/0262611 , l'axe de rotation du mécanisme de blocage est éloigné de la poulie ce qui impose d'avoir une zone de frottement qui fait la liaison entre la poulie et l'axe de rotation. La configuration proposée est alors plus volumineuse et procure plus de frottement ce qui réduit le rendement lors du tirage du brin de corde qui est non tendu.The offset between the two axes of rotation A and B induces the appearance of a torque when the first strand of rope 4 or the second strand of rope 4 is pulled. It is particularly advantageous to use this torque to move the cam 5 or generate a force aimed at moving the cam 5. As illustrated in Figure 3 , the two axes of rotation are spaced by a distance which is less than the radius of the pulley 2. The angular offset of the axis of the pulley and of the cam 5 is reduced between the two positions which makes it possible to have a recovery of effort by means of pulley 2 whose position changes little depending on the direction of rotation sought for the pulley. On the contrary, in the document US 2014/0262611 , the axis of rotation of the blocking mechanism is far from the pulley which requires a friction zone which makes the connection between the pulley and the axis of rotation. The proposed configuration is then more bulky and provides more friction which reduces the efficiency when pulling the strand of rope which is not tensioned.

Dans une configuration particulière, le premier axe de rotation A et le deuxième axe de rotation B sont placés de sorte que le poids de la poulie 2 cause le déplacement de la came 5 hors de la position de blocage de la corde 4.In a particular configuration, the first axis of rotation A and the second axis of rotation B are placed so that the weight of the pulley 2 causes the movement of the cam 5 out of the blocking position of the rope 4.

Dans une configuration particulière, le premier axe de rotation A et le deuxième axe de rotation B sont placés de sorte que lorsque l'on tire sur le premier brin de corde, la poulie 2 et la came 5 se déplacent pour s'éloigner de la position de blocage avant que la poulie 2 commence à tourner autour du premier axe de rotation A.In a particular configuration, the first axis of rotation A and the second axis of rotation B are placed so that when the first strand of rope is pulled, the pulley 2 and the cam 5 move to move away from the blocking position before pulley 2 begins to rotate around the first axis of rotation A.

Dans une configuration avantageuse, la came 5 est montée fixe sur le premier arbre 25, cette configuration permet d'avoir, par exemple, la rotation de la came 5 de manière identique à la rotation du deuxième axe de rotation B.In an advantageous configuration, the cam 5 is fixedly mounted on the first shaft 25, this configuration makes it possible to have, for example, the rotation of the cam 5 in an identical manner to the rotation of the second axis of rotation B.

Il est également avantageux de prévoir un mode de réalisation dans lequel le premier flasque 3 comporte une première rainure 6 et dans lequel la position de la poulie 2 est représentée par la position d'un indicateur dans la première rainure 6. Il est alors possible de déterminer rapidement si le blocage de la corde 4 provient de la position de la poulie 2 ou d'un autre élément. Si l'indicateur coopère avec une poignée 12, la position de la poignée 12 permet d'avoir une indication sur la position de l'indicateur.It is also advantageous to provide an embodiment in which the first flange 3 comprises a first groove 6 and in which the position of the pulley 2 is represented by the position of an indicator in the first groove 6. It is then possible to quickly determine whether the blocking of rope 4 comes from the position of pulley 2 or from another element. If the indicator cooperates with a handle 12, the position of the handle 12 provides an indication of the position of the indicator.

De manière avantageuse illustrée à la figure 8, la poulie 2 et le deuxième axe de rotation B sont montés sur un support 7 associé à un premier pion 8 passant au travers de la première rainure 6. Le déplacement du premier pion 8 le long de la première rainure 6 entraine la rotation du support 7 selon le premier sens de rotation + et selon le second sens de rotation. La rotation du support 7 entraine la rotation du premier pion 8. Le support 7 se déplace entre une première position et une deuxième position. Comme illustré, il est particulièrement avantageux de prévoir que l'axe de rotation B du support 7, l'axe de rotation de la poulie et le point de fixation du descendeur à un point d'ancrage ne soient pas alignés car cela facilite la rotation de la came entre sa position de blocage et son autre position.Advantageously illustrated in figure 8 , the pulley 2 and the second axis of rotation B are mounted on a support 7 associated with a first pin 8 passing through the first groove 6. The movement of the first pin 8 along the first groove 6 causes the rotation of the support 7 according to the first direction of rotation + and according to the second direction of rotation. The rotation of the support 7 causes the rotation of the first pin 8. The support 7 moves between a first position and a second position. As illustrated, it is particularly advantageous to provide that the axis of rotation B of the support 7, the axis of rotation of the pulley and the point of attachment of the descender to an anchor point are not aligned because this facilitates rotation of the cam between its blocking position and its other position.

Préférentiellement, le premier flasque 3 définit une deuxième rainure 9. La position de la poulie 2 par rapport au premier flasque 3 est représentée par la position d'un deuxième indicateur dans la deuxième rainure 9. Le support 7 est associé à un deuxième pion 10 qui passe au travers de la deuxième rainure 9. Il est particulièrement avantageux d'utiliser un ressort 11 fixé au premier flasque 3 pour déplacer la poulie 2 vers la deuxième position, c'est-à-dire déplacer le deuxième pion 10 pour faciliter le blocage de la corde 4. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, le ressort 11 est configuré pour déplacer la poulie 2 selon le second sens de rotation - et tendre vers la position de blocage de la corde 4.Preferably, the first flange 3 defines a second groove 9. The position of the pulley 2 relative to the first flange 3 is represented by the position of a second indicator in the second groove 9. The support 7 is associated with a second pin 10 which passes through the second groove 9. It is particularly advantageous to use a spring 11 fixed to the first flange 3 to move the pulley 2 towards the second position, that is to say move the second pin 10 to facilitate the blocking of the rope 4. In the illustrated embodiment, the spring 11 is configured to move the pulley 2 in the second direction of rotation - and tend towards the blocking position of the rope 4.

Il est particulièrement avantageux de prévoir que le ressort 11 soit fixé au deuxième indicateur, ici le deuxième pion 10 de manière à ne pas interférer avec la rotation de la poulie 2 et le cheminement de la corde 4.It is particularly advantageous to provide that the spring 11 is fixed to the second indicator, here the second pin 10 so as not to interfere with the rotation of the pulley 2 and the path of the rope 4.

Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur les figures 6 et 7, le ressort 11 est séparé de la poulie 2 par le premier flasque 3 ce qui permet d'avoir une architecture compacte dans le cheminement de la corde 4. Le ressort 11 peut être réalisé par toute technique connue par exemple avec un ressort hélicoïdal en torsion, en traction ou en compression. Il est également possible de former un ressort 11 par déformation élastique d'une ou plusieurs plaques. Il est particulièrement avantageux de prévoir que le ressort 11 soit monté autour du deuxième axe de rotation B ce qui permet de gagner en compacité.In the embodiment illustrated on the figures 6 And 7 , the spring 11 is separated from the pulley 2 by the first flange 3 which makes it possible to have a compact architecture in the path of the rope 4. The spring 11 can be produced by any known technique for example with a helical spring in torsion, traction or compression. It is also possible to form a spring 11 by elastic deformation of one or more plates. It is particularly advantageous to provide that the spring 11 is mounted around the second axis of rotation B, which makes it possible to gain in compactness.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, le descendeur 1 comporte une poignée 12 comme cela est illustré aux figures 1 à 7. La poignée 12 comporte une butée 12a agencée pour venir en contact du premier pion 8. La rotation de la poignée 12 selon le premier sens de rotation entraine la mise en contact de la butée 12a avec le premier pion puis le déplacement du premier pion selon le premier sens de rotation +.In a particular embodiment, the descender 1 includes a handle 12 as illustrated in figures 1 to 7 . The handle 12 comprises a stop 12a arranged to come into contact with the first pin 8. The rotation of the handle 12 according to the first direction of rotation causes the stop 12a to come into contact with the first pin then the movement of the first pin according to the first direction of rotation +.

Ce mode de réalisation est particulièrement avantageux lorsque le deuxième pion 10 est associé au ressort 11. Le ressort 11 est agencé pour déplacer la poulie 2 vers la position de blocage.This embodiment is particularly advantageous when the second pin 10 is associated with the spring 11. The spring 11 is arranged to move the pulley 2 towards the blocking position.

La rotation de la poignée 12 depuis une position d'attente permet de mettre en contact la butée 12a et le premier pion 8. En tournant la poignée 12, la butée 12a appuie sur le premier pion 8 qui se déplace. La poignée 12 exerce une force qui s'oppose à la force appliquée par le ressort 11 ce qui déplace la poulie 2 et la came 5 le cas échéant. La contrainte appliquée sur la corde 4 diminue ce qui autorise un glissement de la corde 4. Le déplacement de la poignée 12 permet de réguler la distance entre la poulie 2/la came 5 et la paroi latérale 3a ce qui permet de réguler l'intensité de la force de frottement et donc la vitesse de défilement de la corde 4 dans le descendeur 1.The rotation of the handle 12 from a waiting position makes it possible to bring the stop 12a and the first pin 8 into contact. By rotating the handle 12, the stop 12a presses on the first pin 8 which moves. The handle 12 exerts a force which opposes the force applied by the spring 11 which moves the pulley 2 and the cam 5 if necessary. The stress applied to the rope 4 decreases, which allows the rope 4 to slide. The movement of the handle 12 makes it possible to regulate the distance between the pulley 2/the cam 5 and the side wall 3a, which makes it possible to regulate the intensity of the friction force and therefore the speed of movement of the rope 4 in the descender 1.

De manière plus générale, il est avantageux de prévoir que le ressort 11 déplace la came 5 vers la zone de blocage, c'est-à-dire déplace la came 5 vers une position de blocage de la corde de sorte que, par défaut, la came 5 bloque la corde 4 indépendamment de l'intensité du frottement entre la corde 4 et la poulie 2.More generally, it is advantageous to provide that the spring 11 moves the cam 5 towards the blocking zone, that is to say moves the cam 5 towards a blocking position of the rope so that, by default, the cam 5 blocks the rope 4 independently of the intensity of the friction between the rope 4 and the pulley 2.

Dans cette configuration, la came 5 est par défaut dans une position qui bloque la corde 4. En tirant sur le premier brin de corde 4, le couple généré s'oppose au ressort ce qui permet un déplacement de la poulie et un déplacement de la came. La came ne bloque plus la corde qui peut être tirée en profitant de la rotation de la poulie pour obtenir un rendement élevé lors du tirage.In this configuration, the cam 5 is by default in a position which blocks the rope 4. By pulling on the first strand of rope 4, the torque generated opposes the spring which allows movement of the pulley and movement of the cam. The cam no longer blocks the rope which can be pulled taking advantage of the rotation of the pulley to obtain high efficiency when pulling.

Dans le mode de réalisation illustré à la figure 5, le descendeur autobloquant 1 comporte une poulie 2 munie d'une roue crantée 13 associée à au moins un bloqueur 14 et à un ressort 15 dit ressort de blocage. La roue crantée 13, le au moins un bloqueur 14 et le ressort 15 sont agencés pour autoriser la rotation de la poulie 2 selon le premier sens de rotation + et empêcher la rotation de la poulie 2 selon le second sens de rotation -. Cette configuration est particulièrement avantageuse car le système de blocage selon le second sens de rotation se trouve à l'intérieur de la poulie 2 ce qui ne gêne pas le cheminement de la corde 4. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, le ressort 15 est monté dans la poulie 2 afin de faciliter son intégration et la compacité de la poulie 2. Cependant d'autres configurations sont possibles.In the embodiment illustrated in figure 5 , the self-locking descender 1 comprises a pulley 2 provided with a toothed wheel 13 associated with at least one blocker 14 and with a spring 15 called a locking spring. The toothed wheel 13, the at least one blocker 14 and the spring 15 are arranged to authorize the rotation of the pulley 2 in the first direction of rotation + and prevent the rotation of the pulley 2 in the second direction of rotation -. This configuration is particularly advantageous because the locking system according to the second direction of rotation is located inside the pulley 2 which does not hinder the path of the rope 4. In the illustrated embodiment, the spring 15 is mounted in pulley 2 in order to facilitate its integration and the compactness of pulley 2. However, other configurations are possible.

Avantageusement, la poulie 2 comporte une pluralité de méplats 16 agencés dans une gorge de la poulie 2 de manière à définir des rétrécissements dans la gorge. Ces multiples diminutions de la section de la gorge de la poulie 2 forment des zones de frottement privilégié lorsque la corde 4 doit glisser le long de la poulie 2. Il est également possible de prévoir d'utiliser un galet lisse ou un galet à facettes. Dans un mode de réalisation, le galet peut définir une gorge dont la section est en forme de V plus ou moins prononcé afin de définir la force de frottement.Advantageously, the pulley 2 comprises a plurality of flats 16 arranged in a groove of the pulley 2 so as to define constrictions in the groove. These multiple reductions in the section of the groove of the pulley 2 form zones of privileged friction when the rope 4 must slide along the pulley 2. It is also possible to plan to use a smooth roller or a faceted roller. In one embodiment, the roller can define a groove whose section is more or less pronounced V-shaped in order to define the friction force.

De manière avantageuse, le premier flasque 3 est associé à un deuxième flasque 17 qui est monté mobile par rapport au premier flasque 3. De manière avantageuse, le deuxième flasque 17 est monté mobile en rotation autour d'un troisième axe de rotation C. La rotation du deuxième flasque 17 permet d'ouvrir ou de fermer le descendeur 1 comme cela est illustré aux figures 1 et 2.Advantageously, the first flange 3 is associated with a second flange 17 which is mounted movable relative to the first flange 3. Advantageously, the second flange 17 is mounted movable in rotation around a third axis of rotation C. The rotation of the second flange 17 makes it possible to open or close the descender 1 as is illustrated in figures 1 And 2 .

Le premier flasque 3 et le deuxième flasque 17 définissent chacun une ouverture de fixation 18. Les deux ouvertures de fixation 18 se placent en vis-à-vis de manière à coopérer avec un connecteur (non représenté), par exemple un mousqueton ce qui permet de fixer le descendeur 1 à un point fixe. Le premier flasque 3 définit également une deuxième ouverture de fixation 19 pour installer par exemple un mousqueton. Le premier flasque 3 comporte une butée de blocage 20 qui est configurée pour bloquer la progression du deuxième flasque 17 jusqu'à sa position de fermeture qui referme le descendeur 1.The first flange 3 and the second flange 17 each define a fixing opening 18. The two fixing openings 18 are placed opposite each other so as to cooperate with a connector (not shown), for example a carabiner, which allows to fix the descender 1 to a fixed point. The first flange 3 also defines a second fixing opening 19 for installing, for example, a carabiner. The first flange 3 includes a blocking stop 20 which is configured to block the progression of the second flange 17 to its closed position which closes the descender 1.

Comme illustré à la figure 8, il est possible d'installer le premier axe de rotation 1 de la poulie 2 sur un support 7 de manière à ce qu'elle puisse se déplacer selon deux mouvements différents éventuellement simultanément par rapport au premier flasque 3.As illustrated in figure 8 , it is possible to install the first axis of rotation 1 of the pulley 2 on a support 7 so that it can move in two different movements possibly simultaneously relative to the first flange 3.

De manière avantageuse, la came 5 est fixée sur le support 7 au moyen d'un élément de fixation 22 qui s'étend à travers la première ouverture 6 pour former le premier pion 8. Préférentiellement, l'élément de fixation 22 traverse le support 7 jusqu'à atteindre un deuxième support 23. Le deuxième support 23 est fixé au premier support 7. Le premier support 7 et le deuxième support 23 sont séparés par la poulie 2 et par la came 5. La came 5 est montée fixe sur le support 7.Advantageously, the cam 5 is fixed on the support 7 by means of a fixing element 22 which extends through the first opening 6 to form the first pin 8. Preferably, the fixing element 22 passes through the support 7 until reaching a second support 23. The second support 23 is fixed to the first support 7. The first support 7 and the second support 23 are separated by the pulley 2 and by the cam 5. The cam 5 is fixedly mounted on the support 7.

Préférentiellement, le premier pion 8 est entouré par un ou plusieurs roulements 24 ce qui permet d'améliorer le glissement dans la première rainure 6.Preferably, the first pin 8 is surrounded by one or more bearings 24 which makes it possible to improve sliding in the first groove 6.

L'axe de rotation A est avantageusement défini par un arbre 25. L'arbre 25 comporte un premier trou traversant qui s'aligne avec un premier trou traversant du support 7 afin d'insérer un deuxième arbre 26 formant le deuxième axe de rotation B. De manière avantageuse, le deuxième support 23 comporte un premier trou qui s'aligne avec le premier trou de l'arbre 25 ce qui permet de fixer l'arbre de rotation 25, le premier support 7 et le deuxième support 23 au moyen du deuxième arbre 26.The axis of rotation A is advantageously defined by a shaft 25. The shaft 25 has a first through hole which aligns with a first through hole of the support 7 in order to insert a second shaft 26 forming the second axis of rotation B Advantageously, the second support 23 has a first hole which aligns with the first hole of the shaft 25 which allows the rotation shaft 25, the first support 7 and the second support 23 to be fixed by means of the second shaft 26.

De manière avantageuse, l'arbre 25 comporte également un deuxième trou traversant qui s'aligne avec un deuxième trou traversant du support 7 et éventuellement un deuxième trou traversant du deuxième support 23. Les deuxièmes trous traversants sont traversés par une deuxième tige formant le pion 10. L'utilisation de deux séries de trous traversants permet d'assurer que le mouvement appliqué sur le support 7 se traduise par un même mouvement sur l'arbre 25 et donc sur le premier axe de rotation ainsi que sur la came 5.Advantageously, the shaft 25 also comprises a second through hole which aligns with a second through hole of the support 7 and possibly a second through hole of the second support 23. The second through holes are crossed by a second rod forming the pin 10. The use of two series of through holes ensures that the movement applied to the support 7 results in the same movement on the shaft 25 and therefore on the first axis of rotation as well as on the cam 5.

Dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel, l'arbre 25 est séparé du support 7 par un roulement 27 ce qui permet d'améliorer la rotation de l'arbre 25 par rapport au support 7 et donc d'améliorer la rotation de la poulie 2 par rapport au support 7.In a preferred embodiment, the shaft 25 is separated from the support 7 by a bearing 27 which makes it possible to improve the rotation of the shaft 25 relative to the support 7 and therefore to improve the rotation of the pulley 2 by relative to the support 7.

La poulie 2 est de section circulaire et présente une gorge pour le passage de la corde 4. La poulie 2 se présente sous la forme d'un anneau afin d'installer le premier axe de rotation A au centre de la poulie 2. La poulie définit avantageusement une roue dentée 13.The pulley 2 is of circular section and has a groove for the passage of the rope 4. The pulley 2 is in the form of a ring in order to install the first axis of rotation A in the center of the pulley 2. The pulley advantageously defines a toothed wheel 13.

La roue dentée 13 coopère avec des bloqueurs 14 qui sont installés sur l'arbre 25 ainsi qu'avec des ressorts 15 qui appuient sur les bloqueurs 14, pour décaler les bloqueurs 14 vers l'extérieur et les dents de la roue dentée 13.The toothed wheel 13 cooperates with blockers 14 which are installed on the shaft 25 as well as with springs 15 which press on the blockers 14, to shift the blockers 14 outwards and the teeth of the toothed wheel 13.

Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, la poulie 2 est montée rotative au moyen d'un roulement 21, par exemple un roulement à billes qui s'insère entre la poulie 2 et l'arbre 25. L'arbre 25 définit le premier axe de rotation A et le roulement 21 permet de faciliter la rotation de la poulie 2 par rapport à l'arbre 25.In the illustrated embodiment, the pulley 2 is rotatably mounted by means of a bearing 21, for example a ball bearing which is inserted between the pulley 2 and the shaft 25. The shaft 25 defines the first axis of rotation A and the bearing 21 facilitates the rotation of the pulley 2 relative to the shaft 25.

L'utilisation du descendeur 1 peut être décrite de la manière suivante. Un descendeur autobloquant 1 selon l'un des multiples modes de réalisation décrits précédemment est fourni. La corde 4 est installée dans le descendeur 1 entre la poulie et la paroi latérale 3a. L'utilisateur tire sur le premier brin de la corde 4 ce qui permet faire tourner la poulie 2 selon un premier sens de rotation +. La charge accrochée au deuxième brin de la corde 4 est soulevée.The use of the descender 1 can be described as follows. A self-locking descender 1 according to one of the multiple embodiments described above is provided. The rope 4 is installed in the descender 1 between the pulley and the side wall 3a. The user pulls on the first strand of the rope 4 which allows the pulley 2 to rotate in a first direction of rotation +. The load attached to the second strand of rope 4 is lifted.

Le deuxième brin de corde 4 est tiré pour faire tourner la poulie 2 selon le second sens de rotation - ce qui cause le blocage de la poulie 2. La poulie 2 se déplace en direction d'une paroi latérale jusqu'au blocage de la corde 4.The second strand of rope 4 is pulled to rotate the pulley 2 in the second direction of rotation - which causes the blockage of the pulley 2. The pulley 2 moves in the direction of a side wall until the rope is blocked 4.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, l'effort appliqué sur le deuxième brin de corde entraine le déplacement du support 7, ici un déplacement en rotation avec un déplacement en rotation de la came 5.In the illustrated embodiment, the force applied to the second strand of rope causes the support 7 to move, here a rotational movement with a rotational movement of the cam 5.

Dans une configuration particulière, le ressort 11 déplace le support 7 vers la position de blocage de sorte que le descendeur 1 bloque la corde 4 par défaut. Lorsqu'une tension est appliquée sur le premier brin de corde 4, la poulie 2 se déplace de manière à débloquer la corde 4 et faciliter la rotation de la poulie 2 et donc le rendement lors de la remontée de la charge présente sur le deuxième brin de corde 4.In a particular configuration, the spring 11 moves the support 7 towards the blocking position so that the descender 1 blocks the rope 4 by default. When tension is applied to the first strand of rope 4, the pulley 2 moves so as to unblock the rope 4 and facilitate the rotation of the pulley 2 and therefore the performance when raising the load present on the second strand of rope 4.

Une fois la tension relâchée sur le premier brin de corde 4, le support 7 revient vers la position de blocage.Once the tension is released on the first strand of rope 4, the support 7 returns to the blocking position.

Dans les modes de réalisation illustrés, la poignée est montée mobile en rotation autour d'un arbre 28 qui définit un axe de rotation C.In the illustrated embodiments, the handle is mounted to rotate around a shaft 28 which defines an axis of rotation C.

Claims (11)

  1. Self-clamping descender (1) comprising:
    - a first flange (3) and a side wall (3a) extending perpendicularly from the first flange (3) to form a clamping area,
    - a pulley (2) arranged to come into contact with a rope (4) and fitted in rotary manner around a first rotation shaft (25) defining a first axis of rotation (A), the first rotation shaft (25) being fixed to a support (7),
    - the support (7) fitted movable in rotation around a second rotation shaft (26) fixed to the first flange (3), the second rotation shaft (26) defining a second axis of rotation (B), the support (7) moving between a first position and a second position, the first rotation shaft (25), the second rotation shaft (26) and the side wall (3a) extending in the same direction from the first flange (3),
    - a cam (5) mounted on the support (7), the cam (5) being movable in rotation with respect to the first flange (3) around the second rotation shaft (26) between a first position where the distance from the clamping area is minimal and a second position, the rope (4) being designed to pass around the pulley (2) and to pass between the cam (5) and the side wall (3a), the cam (5) clamping the rope (4) against the side wall (3a) when in the first position, the cam (5), the pulley (2) and the side wall (3a) belonging to a same plane parallel to the first flange (3),
    - the first axis of rotation (A) is offset from the second axis of rotation (B) so that so that application of a force on the rope (4) to make the pulley (2) to rotate in the first direction of rotation (+) generates a force urging the cam (5) away from the clamping area, and application of a force on the rope (4) makes the pulley (2) to rotate in the second direction of rotation (-) generates a force urging the cam (5) towards the clamping area, the first rotation shaft (25) being movable around the second axis of rotation (B) and movable with respect to the rope clamping area,
    self-clamping descender (1) characterized in that
    - the first axis of rotation (A) is offset from the second axis of rotation (B) by a smaller distance than a radius of the pulley (2),
    - the pulley (2) is configured to only rotate in a first direction of rotation (+) around the first axis of rotation (A) and to prevent rotation in the second direction of rotation (-) around said first axis of rotation (A),
    - the pulley (2) is arranged to define a rope circulation path having a semicircle, the semicircle being formed by a groove in the pulley (2).
  2. Self-clamping descender (1) according to claim 1, wherein a spring (11) is arranged to apply a force moving the cam (5) to the clamping area.
  3. Self-clamping descender (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein, when the pulley (2) moves in the first direction of rotation (+), the pulley (2) is in a first position that is farther from the clamping area than a second position representative of clamping of the rope (4).
  4. Self-clamping descender (1) according to the preceding claims, wherein the cam (5) is mounted fixed relative to the second axis of rotation (B) and relative to the first axis of rotation (A).
  5. Self-clamping descender (1) according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the second rotation shaft (26) passes through the pulley (2) to form an end-of-travel stop collaborating with a groove formed in the second flange (17) fitted in rotary manner on the first flange (3), the end-of-travel stop defining a closed position of the self-clamping descender.
  6. Self-clamping descender (1) according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the pulley (2) comprises a ratchet wheel (13) associated with at least one clamp (14) and with a blocking spring (15), the ratchet wheel (13), the at least one clamp (14) and the blocking spring (15) being arranged to allow rotation of the pulley (2) in the first direction of rotation (+) and to prevent rotation in the second direction of rotation (-).
  7. Self-clamping descender (1) according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the pulley (2) comprises a plurality of flat spots (16) arranged in a groove of the pulley (2) so as to define constrictions in the groove.
  8. Self-clamping descender (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein:
    - the first flange (3) comprises a first groove (6),
    - a first pin (8) is mounted fixed on the support (7) and passes through the first groove (6), movement of the first pin (8) in the first direction of rotation along the first groove (6) corresponding to the rotation of the support (7) in the first direction of rotation (+),
    - a handle (12) comprising a stop (12a) arranged to come into contact with the first pin (7), rotation of the handle (12) in the first direction of rotation bringing the stop (12a) into contact with the first pin (8) and rotation of the first pin (7) in the first direction of rotation (+).
  9. Self-clamping descender (1) according to one of claim 2 to 8, wherein the first flange (3) comprises a second groove (9) and wherein a second pin (10) is mounted fixed on the support (7) and passes through the second groove (9), the spring (11) being fixed to the second pin (10) and defining a resting position where the cam (5) is in the first position.
  10. Self-clamping descender (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the spring (11) is fitted around the second axis of rotation (B).
  11. Method for clamping a rope (4) characterized in that it comprises:
    - providing a self-clamping descender (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10 with a pulley (2) movably mounted on a first flange (3) and a cam (5),
    - install a rope (2) in the self-clamping descender (1) between the cam (5) and the locking area of the first flange (3), the rope (4) passing around the pulley (2),
    - pull on the rope (4) so as to rotate the pulley (2) in a first direction of rotation (+), the axis of rotation of the pulley (2) moving in a first direction,
    - pull on the rope (4) so as to rotate the pulley (2) in a second direction of rotation (-), and cause clamping of the pulley (2), the cam (5) moving towards a blocking area until the rope (4) is clamped, the axis of rotation of the pulley (2) moving in a second direction opposite the first direction.
EP19187414.8A 2018-07-24 2019-07-19 Abseiling device with pulley Active EP3599000B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1856877A FR3084264B1 (en) 2018-07-24 2018-07-24 PULLEY DESCENDER

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3599000A1 EP3599000A1 (en) 2020-01-29
EP3599000B1 true EP3599000B1 (en) 2023-12-13

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19187414.8A Active EP3599000B1 (en) 2018-07-24 2019-07-19 Abseiling device with pulley

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US10828516B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3599000B1 (en)
CN (1) CN212757097U (en)
BR (1) BR102019015108B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2966904T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3084264B1 (en)

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US10227030B2 (en) * 2015-06-01 2019-03-12 Kenneth G. Kingery Ratchet configurations
FR3080045B1 (en) * 2018-04-11 2020-05-15 Zedel SELF-LOCKING DESCENDER WITH RELEASABLE HANDLE
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EP3863737A1 (en) 2018-10-12 2021-08-18 Coulter Ventures, LLC Weightlifting machine
USD951073S1 (en) * 2020-01-10 2022-05-10 Livsmed Inc. Pulley for surgical instrument
USD952447S1 (en) * 2020-07-09 2022-05-24 Livsmed Inc. Pulley for surgical instrument
CN111840852A (en) * 2020-08-18 2020-10-30 中际联合（北京）科技股份有限公司 Rope locking device
USD972724S1 (en) * 2020-09-29 2022-12-13 Livsmed Inc. Pulley for surgical instrument
US12076594B2 (en) * 2020-11-23 2024-09-03 Yoke Industrial Corp. Fall arrester
US11905148B2 (en) 2021-01-04 2024-02-20 Basecamp Innovations Ltd Snatch block with slide-open spring-biased cheek, dual-plunger lock release, and integral swivel stud
CN112827091B (en) * 2021-01-25 2022-07-22 列耀乐 Automatic control emergency stop rope pulley for forest rescue
USD1015125S1 (en) * 2021-02-19 2024-02-20 Coulter Ventures, Llc. Pulley
USD1012673S1 (en) * 2021-02-19 2024-01-30 Coulter Ventures, Llc. Pulley
FR3125971A1 (en) 2021-08-03 2023-02-10 Zedel BELAY DEVICE AND METHOD OF USE

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CA2539424A1 (en) 2005-03-16 2006-09-16 Kirk M. Mauthner Combination descender, pulley and force limiting rope brake
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FR2962724B1 (en) 2010-07-16 2012-08-03 Zedel DETACHABLE BLOCKER PULLEY
US20130043450A1 (en) * 2011-08-19 2013-02-21 Russ Kommer Lifting or locking system and method
US9623269B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2017-04-18 Black Diamond Equipment, Ltd. Systems for assisted braking belay with a cam-clutch mechanism
WO2016164613A1 (en) * 2015-04-07 2016-10-13 Harken, Incorporated High load descender with adaptive release linkage

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Publication number Publication date
ES2966904T3 (en) 2024-04-24
BR102019015108A2 (en) 2020-02-04
US20200031638A1 (en) 2020-01-30
EP3599000A1 (en) 2020-01-29
FR3084264B1 (en) 2020-09-18
BR102019015108B1 (en) 2023-04-25
FR3084264A1 (en) 2020-01-31
US10828516B2 (en) 2020-11-10
CN212757097U (en) 2021-03-23

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