EP3596341B1 - Fan - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- EP3596341B1 EP3596341B1 EP18746183.5A EP18746183A EP3596341B1 EP 3596341 B1 EP3596341 B1 EP 3596341B1 EP 18746183 A EP18746183 A EP 18746183A EP 3596341 B1 EP3596341 B1 EP 3596341B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fan
- struts
- primary
- grid
- fan according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000237942 Conidae Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001295925 Gegenes Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/70—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning
- F04D29/701—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/703—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps specially for fans, e.g. fan guards
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
- F04D19/002—Axial flow fans
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
- F04D25/0606—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
- F04D25/0606—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump
- F04D25/0613—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump the electric motor being of the inside-out type, i.e. the rotor is arranged radially outside a central stator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
- F04D25/0606—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump
- F04D25/0613—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump the electric motor being of the inside-out type, i.e. the rotor is arranged radially outside a central stator
- F04D25/0646—Details of the stator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
- F04D25/0693—Details or arrangements of the wiring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/4226—Fan casings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
- F04D29/522—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/526—Details of the casing section radially opposing blade tips
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
- F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
- F04D29/541—Specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
- F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
- F04D29/541—Specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/542—Bladed diffusers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
- F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
- F04D29/541—Specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/542—Bladed diffusers
- F04D29/544—Blade shapes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
- F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/666—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps by means of rotor construction or layout, e.g. unequal distribution of blades or vanes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
- F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/667—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps by influencing the flow pattern, e.g. suppression of turbulence
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/50—Inlet or outlet
- F05D2250/51—Inlet
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fan, in particular for installation in a device to be cooled.
- Essential requirements for such a fan are a compact design, energy efficiency and low-noise operation.
- Such fans often have a parallelepipedal housing through which a fan passage extends between an upstream and a downstream end face, and a motor and a fan wheel which are accommodated in the fan passage.
- a fan of this type is e.g. in DE 35 28 748 C2 shown.
- the motor and the fan wheel are connected to a wall ring delimiting the fan passage by a grid of struts which extends in the radial direction and is arranged on the outflow-side end face of this fan.
- Such a grille can cause a static pressure increase by reducing the swirl it imparts to the air being blown through it, which improves the static efficiency of the fan and the strength of the airflow.
- the environment in which a fan is installed can also contribute to the generation of flow noise.
- asymmetries in the device's flow channels can lead to inhomogeneous inflow onto the fan blades and thus to noise-intensive speed and pressure fluctuations.
- Internals such as sheet metal edges and abrupt deflections with associated flow separation on components in the inflow to the fan also cause inhomogeneous velocity distributions in the inflow field with which the blades interact.
- the object of the invention is to create a low-noise and at the same time efficient fan.
- the primary struts can also carry the fan wheel and possibly its motor via the hub, struts on the outflow-side end face that conventionally serve this purpose can be omitted, which enables a compact design of the fan.
- the secondary struts can form at least one ring which runs around the axis of the fan and is preferably concentric with the axis.
- the dimensions of openings defined by the primary and secondary struts in the upstream face should preferably be smaller in the radial direction than in the circumferential direction.
- the primary and secondary struts should preferably cross each other at right angles.
- the secondary struts can be shaped as cutouts in the jacket of a cone with a small base area facing the fan wheel.
- the primary struts may have a cross-section that is linearly elongated in the direction of the axis. This simplifies the one-piece molding of the lattice, particularly when the secondary webs are oriented obliquely to the axis, as is the case with the above-mentioned cutouts in the envelope of the cone.
- the secondary struts can be advantageous to shape the secondary struts with a curved cross-section, ie as sections of the envelope of a cone with an opening angle that changes over their axial extent.
- a motor driving the fan wheel is mounted on the hub.
- a strut guiding the supply cable is designed separately from the grating and is positioned in front of the grating on the inflow side.
- the grille can be molded in one piece with the wall ring of the housing.
- the number of primary struts of the grid and the number of blades of the impeller should be prime.
- the leading edges of impeller airfoils should cross the primary struts.
- each leading edge crosses at least one primary strut in every phase of rotation of the impeller and is thus continuously exposed to the forces occurring at the crossing point of the edge and strut.
- the grid can act as an electromagnetic shield for the motor if at least some of the primary or secondary struts are electrically conductive.
- Conductivity in a plastic molded grid can be due to a conductive additive in the plastic or to a conductive surface coating.
- FIG. 1 shows a plan view of an inflow-side end face 2 of a fan 1.
- the end face 2 is square in outline.
- a circular central area of the end face 2 is filled with a grid 3 .
- the grating 3 comprises numerous primary struts 4 running in a straight line towards a common center point 5 and secondary struts 6 extending concentrically around the center point 5.
- the primary struts 4 are each in one piece at their ends with a frame 7 surrounding the grating 3 or a circular, hub 8 occupying the center of grid 3 is connected.
- the primary and secondary struts 4, 6 crossing each other at right angles define a large number of openings 9.
- the number of primary struts 4 is significantly greater than that of the airfoils 11; In the example shown here, there are 24 primary struts 4 on five blades 11. Therefore, a slight inclination of the inflow-side edges 13 of the blade blades 11 facing the grid 3 is sufficient so that each inflow-side edge 13 in every position that the fan wheel 10 turns around in the course of one revolution may occupy the axis 12, at least one of the primary struts 4 crosses. Aerodynamic forces acting on the fan wheel 10 as a result of pressure fluctuations occurring in the area where the edges 13 cross with the struts 4 therefore fluctuate only slightly in the course of its rotation and correspondingly also generate only little noise.
- the cutting plane II-II of the 2 runs along the axis 12 and crosses the openings 9 in each case in the middle between two primary struts 4, so that the secondary struts 6 can be seen in section.
- the secondary struts 6 each form a section of a cone shell, with the majority of the struts 6 converging in the flow direction of the air, ie dash-dotted lines that illustrate the course of the cone shell in the axial extension of the struts 6 cross the axis 12 downstream of the fan housing 14.
- the opening angle of the cone envelopes increases with increasing distance of the struts 6 from the axis 12.
- the arrangement of the struts 6 fanned out in this way favors the intake of air from directions deviating from the axis 12 .
- the primary struts 4 have an axially elongate cross-section with flanks 14 extending in a direction parallel to the axis 12 . This prevents undercuts that are inaccessible from both directions at the intersections of the primary and secondary struts 4, 6 in the direction of the axis 12; therefore, the grid 3 can be injection molded using only two mold parts movable relative to each other in the direction of the axis 12.
- a wall ring 15 extends concentrically to the axis from the inner edge of the frame 7, and a second frame, which extends around the end of the wall ring 15 facing away from the inflow-side end face 2, forms an outflow-side end face 16 of the fan 1.
- the end faces 2, 16 and the wall ring 15 are connected in one piece and form a fan housing 17.
- this fan housing 17 In order to form this fan housing 17, four mold parts are sufficient, namely the two above-mentioned parts involved in forming the grille 3, one of which is also shown in engages the wall ring 15 in order to form its inner side 18 and an outer side 19 of the end face 16 on the outflow side, as well as two tool parts which can be moved radially to the axis 12 and which each form one half of an outer side 20 of the wall ring 15 and of inner sides 21 of the two end faces 2 facing one another, 16 shapes.
- the plastic used to form the fan housing 17 can be made electrically conductive by adding graphite or metal powder; then the grid 3 can serve as an electromagnetic shield, which helps to prevent sensitive electronics from being disturbed by electromagnetic emissions from the motor 25 .
- a sleeve 22 concentric to the axis 12 is formed on the hub 8 .
- a stator 23 of an electric motor 25 is mounted around the sleeve 22 .
- An associated rotor 24 is accommodated in a cup 26 which is slipped over the sleeve 22 and is open towards the hub 8 .
- a shaft 27 extends from the bottom of the cup 26 and is rotatably mounted inside the sleeve 22 via roller bearings 28 .
- the blades 11 protrude from the periphery of the cup 26.
- An air gap 30 extends between the hub 8 and an edge 29 of the cup 26 facing it.
- a umbilical cable 32 extends between the motor 25 and the frame 7.
- the umbilical cable could be attached to one of the radially oriented primary struts 4.
- a primary strut would inevitably be wider than the other primary struts due to the supply cable, and since in the course of a rotation of the fan wheel 10 an inflow-side edge 13 only intermittently crosses the strut, a flow noise occurring when the edges 13 sweep past the strut would pulsate and would therefore be clearly perceptible as operating noise even at an objectively low volume.
- the grid 3 is arranged in the axial direction between the strut carrying the supply cable 32 and the fan wheel, so that the flow conditions (and thus the noise development) at the fan wheel 10 are essentially determined by the grid 3 .
- the strut guiding the supply cable 32 is positioned in front of the grid 3 in the axial direction.
- the in is more compact 1 shown placement of the supply cable 32 in a strut 33, which adjoins the inflow-side end face 2 and whose axial extent is smaller than that of the struts 4, 6, so that the latter protrude toward the fan wheel 10 beyond the strut 33 and influences of the strut 33 dampen the flow conditions at the fan wheel 10.
- Forming the strut 33 as a channel open to the end face 2 has the advantage here that its dimensions can be kept small in the axial direction and between the strut 33 and the fan wheel 10 there is thus plenty of space for struts 4, 6 of the grid 3 which project over the strut 33 towards the fan wheel 10 and dampen the influence of the strut 32.
- the channel shape of the strut 33 also makes it easier to attach the supply cable 32 to the fan, since after the motor 25 has been assembled, the supply cable 32 is inserted into the channel of the strut 33 and makes contact at one end with the connections of the motor 25 that are exposed on the inflow-side surface of the hub 8 and then the connections by sticking on a label 34 (see Fig. Figures 2, 3 ) on the hub 8 can be hidden.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Lüfter, insbesondere für den Einbau in einem zu kühlenden Gerät. Wesentliche Anforderungen an einen solchen Lüfter sind eine kompakte Bauform, Energieeffizienz und ein geräuscharmer Betrieb.The present invention relates to a fan, in particular for installation in a device to be cooled. Essential requirements for such a fan are a compact design, energy efficiency and low-noise operation.
Derartige Lüfter haben oft ein quaderförmiges Gehäuse, durch das sich zwischen einer anströmseitigen und einer abströmseitigen Stirnfläche ein Lüfterdurchgang erstreckt, und einen Motor und ein Lüfterrad, die in dem Lüfterdurchgang untergebracht sind. Ein Lüfter dieses Typs ist z.B. in
Ein solches Gitter kann durch eine Drallreduktion, die es an der hindurchgeblasenen Luft hervorruft, eine statische Druckerhöhung bewirken, die den statischen Wirkungsgrad des Lüfters und die Stärke des Luftstroms verbessern.Such a grille can cause a static pressure increase by reducing the swirl it imparts to the air being blown through it, which improves the static efficiency of the fan and the strength of the airflow.
In derselben Druckschrift
Weiterer Stand der Technik im vorliegenden technischen Gebiet ist aus den Dokumenten
Eine wichtige Ursache für Betriebsgeräusche von Lüftern sind Druckschwankungen an festen Oberflächen der Lüfter. Diese hängen meist mit Schwankungen der Geschwindigkeit zusammen, mit der diese Oberflächen an-und überströmt werden. Ein Punkt, an dem im Betrieb hohe lokale Drücke auftreten, ist die Vorderkante eines Schaufelblatts des Lüfterrads. Wenn diese Vorderkante im Laufe der Umdrehung des Lüfterrades abwechselnd an Streben eines Gitters und an Zwischenräumen zwischen den Streben vorbeistreicht, dann führt dies zu starken Schwankungen der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit am Schaufelblatt und dementsprechend zu starker Geräuscherzeugung.An important reason for the operating noise of fans is pressure fluctuations on the solid surfaces of the fans. These are mostly related to fluctuations in the speed at which these surfaces are flooded and flown over. One point where high local pressures occur during operation is the leading edge of an impeller blade. If, during the rotation of the fan wheel, this leading edge alternately sweeps past the struts of a grid and the spaces between the struts, this leads to strong fluctuations in the flow speed at the blade blade and, accordingly, to a lot of noise being generated.
Auch die Umgebung, in der ein Lüfter eingebaut ist, kann zur Entstehung von Strömungsgeräuschen beitragen. Wenn ein Lüfter in einem Gerät eingebaut ist, können Asymmetrien der Strömungskanäle des Geräts zu inhomogener Zuströmung auf die Schaufelblätter des Lüfters und damit zu geräuschintensiven Geschwindigkeits- und Druckschwankungen führen. Auch Einbauten wie Blechkanten und schroffe Umlenkungen mit einhergehender Strömungsablösung an Bauteilen in der Zuströmung zum Lüfter verursachen inhomogene Geschwindigkeitsverteilungen des Zuströmfelds, mit welchem die Schaufelblätter interagieren.The environment in which a fan is installed can also contribute to the generation of flow noise. When a fan is installed in a device, asymmetries in the device's flow channels can lead to inhomogeneous inflow onto the fan blades and thus to noise-intensive speed and pressure fluctuations. Internals such as sheet metal edges and abrupt deflections with associated flow separation on components in the inflow to the fan also cause inhomogeneous velocity distributions in the inflow field with which the blades interact.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist, einen geräuscharmen und gleichzeitig effizienten Lüfter zu schaffen.The object of the invention is to create a low-noise and at the same time efficient fan.
Die Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmalskombination gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst.The object is achieved by the combination of features according to patent claim 1.
Während die herkömmlicherweise in radialer Richtung langgestreckten Zwischenräume zwischen den Streben offenbar genügend Platz bieten, damit in ihnen durch die vorbeistreichenden Schaufelblattkanten Wirbel angeregt werden und diese, wenn sie in den Lüfterdurchgang eingesaugt werden, mit stark schwankenden Geschwindigkeiten auf die nächste vorbeikommende Schaufelblattkante stoßen, können solche Wirbel beim erfindungsgemäßen Lüfter durch die sekundären Streben unterdrückt oder zumindest stark gedämpft werden, wodurch sich das Betriebsgeräusch eines solchen Lüfters im Vergleich zu einem unter gleichen Bedingungen eingesetzten Lüfter ohne sekundäre Streben vermindert .While the gaps between the struts, which are traditionally elongated in the radial direction, apparently offer enough space for vortices to be excited in them by the passing airfoil edges and, when they are sucked into the fan passage, to collide with the next passing airfoil edge at greatly fluctuating speeds, such Vortices are suppressed in the fan according to the invention by the secondary struts or at least greatly dampened, which reduces the operating noise of such a fan compared to a fan used under the same conditions without secondary struts.
Da die primären Streben über die Nabe auch das Lüfterrad und ggf. dessen Motor tragen können, können herkömmlicherweise diesem Zweck dienende Streben an der abströmseitigen Stirnfläche entfallen, was eine kompakte Bauform des Lüfters ermöglicht.Since the primary struts can also carry the fan wheel and possibly its motor via the hub, struts on the outflow-side end face that conventionally serve this purpose can be omitted, which enables a compact design of the fan.
Die sekundären Streben können wenigstens einen um die Achse des Lüfters umlaufenden, vorzugsweise zur Ache konzentrischen Ring bilden.The secondary struts can form at least one ring which runs around the axis of the fan and is preferably concentric with the axis.
Um die oben erwähnten Wirbel wirksam zu unterdrücken, sollten die Abmessungen von durch die primären und sekundären Streben in der anströmseitigen Stirnfläche begrenzten Öffnungen vorzugsweise in radialer Richtung kleiner sein als in Umfangsrichtung.In order to effectively suppress the above-mentioned vortices, the dimensions of openings defined by the primary and secondary struts in the upstream face should preferably be smaller in the radial direction than in the circumferential direction.
Um einen Wirbel wirksam zu dämpfen, dessen Achse auf der Oberfläche einer primären Strebe senkrecht steht, sollten die primären und sekundären Streben einander vorzugsweise rechtwinklig kreuzen.In order to effectively dampen a vortex whose axis is normal to the surface of a primary strut, the primary and secondary struts should preferably cross each other at right angles.
Um Luft, die aus von der Achse abweichenden Richtungen der anströmseitigen Stirnfläche des Lüfters zustrebt, mit geringem Druckabfall. in den Lüfterdurchgang einzuleiten, können die sekundären Streben als Kegelmantelausschnitte mit dem Lüfterrad zugewandter kleiner Grundfläche geformt sein.Around air approaching the upstream face of the fan from off-axis directions with low pressure drop. to be introduced into the fan passage, the secondary struts can be shaped as cutouts in the jacket of a cone with a small base area facing the fan wheel.
Zur Minimierung des ansaugseitigen Druckabfalls trägt es auch bei; wenn der Öffnungswinkel der Kegelmantelausschnitte mit der Entfernung der sekundären Streben von der Achse zunimmt.It also contributes to minimizing the pressure drop on the intake side ; if the opening angle of the cone shell cutouts increases with the distance of the secondary struts from the axis.
Die primären Streben können einen in Richtung der Achse geradlinig langgestreckten Querschnitt aufweisen. Dies vereinfacht das einteilige Abformen des Gitters insbesondere dann, wenn die sekundären Stege, wie bei den oben erwähnten Kegelmantelausschnitten der Fall, schräg zur Achse orientiert sind.The primary struts may have a cross-section that is linearly elongated in the direction of the axis. This simplifies the one-piece molding of the lattice, particularly when the secondary webs are oriented obliquely to the axis, as is the case with the above-mentioned cutouts in the envelope of the cone.
in Fällen, in denen die Zuströmsituation im Gerät dies erfordert, kann es vorteilhaft sein, die sekundären Streben mit gekrümmtem Querschnitt, d.h. als Kegelmantelausschnitte mit sich über ihre axiale Ausdehnung hinweg veränderndem Öffnungswinkel zu formen.In cases where the inflow situation in the device requires this, it can be advantageous to shape the secondary struts with a curved cross-section, ie as sections of the envelope of a cone with an opening angle that changes over their axial extent.
Ein das Lüfterrad antreibender Motor ist an der Nabe montiert.A motor driving the fan wheel is mounted on the hub.
Um den Querschnitt der Streben des Gitters zu minimieren, ist eine das Versorgungskabel führende Strebe getrennt vom Gitter ausgebildet und dem Gitter anströmseitig vorgelagert.In order to minimize the cross section of the struts of the grating, a strut guiding the supply cable is designed separately from the grating and is positioned in front of the grating on the inflow side.
Um die Fertigung des Lüfters zu vereinfachen, kann das Gitter mit dem Wandring des Gehäuses einteilig geformt sein.In order to simplify the manufacture of the fan, the grille can be molded in one piece with the wall ring of the housing.
Um periodische Druck- und Geschwindigkeitsschwankungen der Luftströmung im hörbaren Frequenzbereich aufgrund des Vorbeistreichens der Schaufelräder an den primären Streben zu minimieren, sollten die Zahl der primären Streben des Gitters und die Zahl von Schaufeln des Schaufelrades teilerfremd sein.In order to minimize periodic pressure and velocity fluctuations of the air flow in the audible frequency range due to the impellers sweeping past the primary struts, the number of primary struts of the grid and the number of blades of the impeller should be prime.
Um abrupte, kurzzeitige Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Schaufelblättern und den primären Streben des Gitters zu vermeiden, sollten die anströmseitigen Kanten von Schaufelblättern des Lüfterrades die primären Streben kreuzen.To avoid abrupt, momentary interactions between the airfoils and the primary struts of the grid, the leading edges of impeller airfoils should cross the primary struts.
Insbesondere wenn die Ausdehnung der anströmseitigen Kanten in Umfangsrichtung wenigstens dem Abstand der primären Streben voneinander entspricht, kreuzt jede anströmseitige Kante in jeder Phase der Drehung des Schaufelrads wenigstens eine primäre Strebe und ist somit den am Kreuzungspunkt von Kante und Strebe auftretenden Kräften kontinuierlich ausgesetzt.In particular, if the circumferential extent of the leading edges is at least equal to the spacing of the primary struts from one another, each leading edge crosses at least one primary strut in every phase of rotation of the impeller and is thus continuously exposed to the forces occurring at the crossing point of the edge and strut.
Das Gitter kann als elektromagnetische Abschirmung des Motors fungieren, wenn wenigstens einige der primären oder sekundären Streben elektrisch leitend sind. Die Leitfähigkeit kann bei einem aus Kunststoff geformten Gitter auf einen leitfähigen Zuschlag im Kunststoff oder auf eine leitfähige Oberflächenbeschichtung zurückzuführen sein.The grid can act as an electromagnetic shield for the motor if at least some of the primary or secondary struts are electrically conductive. Conductivity in a plastic molded grid can be due to a conductive additive in the plastic or to a conductive surface coating.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Draufsicht in axialer Richtung auf einen erfindungsgemäßen Lüfter;
- Fig. 2
- einen axialen Schnitt durch den Lüfter entlang der Ebene II-II der
Fig. 1 ; - Fig. 3
- einen axialen Schnitt durch den Lüfter entlang der Ebene III-III der
Fig. 1 ; und - Fig. 4
- einen Schnitt durch den Lüfter entlang der gegen die Achse versetzten Ebene IV-IV der
Fig. 1 .
- 1
- a plan view in the axial direction of a fan according to the invention;
- 2
- an axial section through the fan along the plane II-II of the
1 ; - 3
- an axial section through the fan along the plane III-III of
1 ; and - 4
- a section through the fan along the off-axis plane IV-IV of
1 .
Die einander jeweils rechtwinklig kreuzenden primären und sekundären Streben 4, 6 begrenzen eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen 9.The primary and
Durch die Öffnungen 9 hindurch zeichnen sich die Kanten von Schaufelblättern 11 eines hinter der Stirnfläche 2 liegenden Lüfterrades 10 (s.
Die Zahl der primären Streben 4 ist erheblich größer als die der Schaufelblätter 11; im hier gezeigten Beispiel kommen 24 primäre Streben 4 auf fünf Schaufelblätter 11. Daher genügt eine geringe Schrägstellung von anströmseitigen, dem Gitter 3 zugewandten Kanten 13 der Schaufelblätter 11, damit jede anströmseitige Kante 13 in jeder Stellung, die das Lüfterrad 10 im Laufe einer Umdrehung um die Achse 12 einnehmen kann, wenigstens eine der primären Streben 4 kreuzt. Aerodynamische Kräfte, die infolge von im Kreuzungsbereich der Kanten 13 mit den Streben 4 auftretenden Druckfluktuationen auf das Lüfterrad 10 einwirken, schwanken daher im Laufe von dessen Umdrehung nur wenig und erzeugen dementsprechend auch nur wenig Geräusch.The number of
Die Schnittebene II-II der
Wie insbesondere in
Der zum Formen des Lüftergehäuses 17 verwendete Kunststoff kann durch einen Zusatz an Graphit oder Metallpulver elektrisch leitend gemacht sein; dann kann das Gitter 3 als elektromagnetische Abschirmung dienen, die eine Störung empfindlicher Elektronik durch elektromagnetische Emission des Motors 25 vermeiden hilft.The plastic used to form the
An der Nabe 8 ist eine zur Achse 12 konzentrische Hülse 22 geformt. Um die Hülse 22 herum ist ein Stator 23 eines Elektromotors 25 montiert. Ein zugehöriger Rotor 24 ist in einem über die Hülse 22 gestülpten, zur Nabe 8 hin offenen Becher 26 aufgenommen. Vom Boden des Bechers 26 geht eine Welle 27 aus, die im Innern der Hülse 22 über Wälzlager 28 drehbar gelagert ist. Die Schaufelblätter 11 stehen vom Umfang des Bechers 26 ab.A
Zwischen der Nabe 8 und einem ihr zugewandten Rand 29 des Bechers 26 erstreckt sich ein Luftspalt 30. In diesem Luftspalt 30 ist, durch den vom Lüfter 1 angetriebenen Luftstrom gekühlt, eine Leiterplatte 31 mit Steuerelektronik des Elektromotors 25 angeordnet.An
Ein Versorgungskabel 32 erstreckt sich zwischen dem Motor 25 und dem Rahmen 7. Das Versorgungskabel könnte an einer der radial orientierten primären Streben 4 angebracht sein. Eine solche primäre Strebe wäre durch das Versorgungskabel jedoch unvermeidlicherweise breiter als die übrigen primären Streben, und da im Laufe einer Drehung des Lüfterrads 10 jeweils nur zeitweise eine anströmseitige Kante 13 die Strebe kreuzt, würde ein beim Vorbeistreichen der Kanten 13 an der Strebe entstehendes Strömungsgeräusch pulsieren und wäre dadurch auch bei objektiv geringer Lautstärke deutlich als Betriebsgeräusch wahrnehmbar. Um ein solches Geräusch zu minimieren, ist das Gitter 3 in axialer Richtung zwischen der das Versorgungskabel 32 führenden Strebe und dem Lüfterrad angeordnet, so dass die Strömungsverhältnisse (und damit die Geräuschentwicklung) am Lüfterrad 10 im Wesentlichen durch das Gitter 3 bestimmt ist. Erfindungsgemäß ist die das Versorgungskabel 32 führende Strebe dem Gitter 3 in axialer Richtung vorgelagert. Kompakter ist jedoch die in
Eine Ausbildung der Strebe 33 als eine zur Stirnfläche 2 offene Rinne hat hier dem Vorteil, dass ihre Abmessung in axialer Richtung klein gehalten werden kann und zwischen der Strebe 33 und dem Lüfterrad 10 somit viel Platz für über die Strebe 33 zum Lüfterrad 10 hin vorspringende, den Einfluss der Strebe 32 dämpfende Streben 4, 6 des Gitters 3 ist.Forming the
Die Rinnenform der Strebe 33 erleichtert ferner die Anbringung des Versorgungskabels 32 am Lüfter, da nach Zusammenfügen des Motors 25 das Versorgungskabel 32 in die Rinne der Strebe 33 eingelegt, an einem Ende mit an der anströmseitigen Oberfläche der Nabe 8 freiliegenden Anschlüssen des Motors 25 kontaktiert werden und anschließend die Anschlüsse durch Aufkleben eines Schildes 34 (s.
- 11
- LüfterFan
- 22
- Stirnflächeface
- 33
- Gittergrid
- 44
- primäre Strebeprimary strut
- 55
- MittelpunktFocus
- 66
- sekundäre Strebesecondary brace
- 77
- RahmenFrame
- 88th
- Nabehub
- 99
- Öffnungopening
- 1010
- Lüfterradfan wheel
- 1111
- Schaufelblattshovel blade
- 1212
- Drehachseaxis of rotation
- 1313
- Kanteedge
- 1414
- Flankeflank
- 1515
- Wandringwall ring
- 1616
- Stirnflächeface
- 1717
- Lüftergehäusefan housing
- 1818
- Innenseiteinside
- 1919
- Außenseiteoutside
- 2020
- Außenseiteoutside
- 2121
- Innenseiteinside
- 2222
- Hülsesleeve
- 2323
- Statorstator
- 2424
- Rotorrotor
- 2525
- Elektromotorelectric motor
- 2626
- BecherA cup
- 2727
- WelleWave
- 2828
- Wälzlagerroller bearing
- 2929
- Randedge
- 3030
- Luftspaltair gap
- 3131
- Leiterplattecircuit board
- 3232
- Versorgungskabelsupply cable
- 3333
- Strebestrut
- 3434
- SchildSign
Claims (13)
- Fan having a housing (17), which has- an inflow-side end surface (2),- an outflow-side end surface (16), and- a wall ring (15) which extends in the direction of an axis (12) from one of the end surfaces (2) to the other (16) and adjoins a fan passage,- a fan wheel (10), which is arranged in the fan passage, and a grid (3) arranged on the inflow-side end surface (2), said grid having a hub (8) positioned centrally in the fan passage, and primary struts (4) extending in the radial direction between the hub (8) and the edge of the fan passage, wherein the grid (3) further has secondary struts (6), which intersect the primary struts (4), wherein a motor (25) driving the fan wheel (10) is mounted on the hub (8), characterized in that a supply cable of the motor (25) is guided on a strut (33) of the grid (3) and said strut (33) guiding the supply cable is upstream of the grid on the inflow side
- The fan according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary struts (8) form at least one ring circulating about the axis (12).
- The fan according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the primary and secondary struts (4, 6) adjoin openings (9) in the inflow-side end surface (2), the dimensions of said openings being smaller in the radial direction than in the circumferential direction.
- The fan according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary and secondary struts (4, 6) intersect one another at a right angle.
- The fan according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that wherein the secondary struts (6) are formed as cone-surface sections with a small base surface facing the fan wheel (10)
- The fan according to claim 5, characterized in that the opening angle of the cone-surface sections increases with the distance of the secondary struts (6) from the axis (12).
- The fan according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary struts (4) have a straight elongated cross-section in the direction of the axis (12).
- The fan according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the strut (33) accommodating the supply cable (32) is formed as a channel open to the inflow-side end surface (2).
- The fan according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grid (3) is formed as a single piece with the wall ring (15).
- The fan according to any one of the preceding claims, that the number of primary struts (4) of the grid (3) and the number of blades (11) of the blade wheel (10) are coprime.
- The fan according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that inflow-side edges (13) of blades (11) of the fan wheel (10) intersect the primary struts (4).
- The fan according to claim 11, characterized in that the extension of the inflow-side edges (13) corresponds at least to the distance between the primary struts (4) in the circumferential direction.
- The fan according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least some of the primary or secondary struts (4, 6) are electrically conductive.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017007370.8A DE102017007370A1 (en) | 2017-08-07 | 2017-08-07 | Fan |
PCT/EP2018/070283 WO2019030006A1 (en) | 2017-08-07 | 2018-07-26 | Fan |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3596341A1 EP3596341A1 (en) | 2020-01-22 |
EP3596341B1 true EP3596341B1 (en) | 2023-04-26 |
Family
ID=63036074
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP18746183.5A Active EP3596341B1 (en) | 2017-08-07 | 2018-07-26 | Fan |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11221026B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3596341B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN110637162A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102017007370A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI3596341T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019030006A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112503030B (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2023-04-25 | 泛仕达机电股份有限公司 | Noise reduction flow guide grid |
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US6503060B1 (en) * | 1999-08-09 | 2003-01-07 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Fan guard of blower unit and air conditioner |
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-
2017
- 2017-08-07 DE DE102017007370.8A patent/DE102017007370A1/en active Pending
-
2018
- 2018-07-26 WO PCT/EP2018/070283 patent/WO2019030006A1/en unknown
- 2018-07-26 EP EP18746183.5A patent/EP3596341B1/en active Active
- 2018-07-26 CN CN201880031974.2A patent/CN110637162A/en active Pending
- 2018-07-26 FI FIEP18746183.5T patent/FI3596341T3/en active
-
2020
- 2020-01-15 US US16/742,985 patent/US11221026B2/en active Active
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US6503060B1 (en) * | 1999-08-09 | 2003-01-07 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Fan guard of blower unit and air conditioner |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3596341A1 (en) | 2020-01-22 |
FI3596341T3 (en) | 2023-06-28 |
US20200149536A1 (en) | 2020-05-14 |
CN110637162A (en) | 2019-12-31 |
US11221026B2 (en) | 2022-01-11 |
WO2019030006A1 (en) | 2019-02-14 |
DE102017007370A1 (en) | 2019-02-07 |
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