EP3595723A1 - Verfahren zur bestrahlung von säugetierzellen mit elektronenstrahlen und/oder röntgenstrahlen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur bestrahlung von säugetierzellen mit elektronenstrahlen und/oder röntgenstrahlenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3595723A1 EP3595723A1 EP18715500.7A EP18715500A EP3595723A1 EP 3595723 A1 EP3595723 A1 EP 3595723A1 EP 18715500 A EP18715500 A EP 18715500A EP 3595723 A1 EP3595723 A1 EP 3595723A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- cells
- mammalian cells
- population
- irradiation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/14—Blood; Artificial blood
- A61K35/17—Lymphocytes; B-cells; T-cells; Natural killer cells; Interferon-activated or cytokine-activated lymphocytes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
- A61K41/10—Inactivation or decontamination of a medicinal preparation prior to administration to an animal or a person
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N13/00—Treatment of microorganisms or enzymes with electrical or wave energy, e.g. magnetism, sonic waves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0634—Cells from the blood or the immune system
- C12N5/0646—Natural killers cells [NK], NKT cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2529/00—Culture process characterised by the use of electromagnetic stimulation
- C12N2529/10—Stimulation by light
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for irradiating a population of mammalian cells comprising at least one target mammalian cell with electron beams and / or X-rays, characterized in that: (i) a composition comprising a population of mammalian cells is irradiated with electron beams and / or X-rays in vitro wherein the population of mammalian cells contains at least one target mammalian cell, and wherein the dose rate is in the range of 5 Gy / sec to 10 7 Gy / sec, and (ii) optionally isolates or enriches vital target mammalian cells from the population of mammalian cells , as well as funds obtainable therefrom, as well as uses thereof.
- Cellular therapeutics can be used to treat a variety of conditions.
- the current state of research and clinical use of cellular therapeutics in the treatment of cancer is particularly promising (Melief et al 201 1).
- donor cells which must be obtained sufficiently in sufficient quantity and clinical requirements.
- autologous preparations in turn, in particular in pretreated cancer patients in their potential effectiveness sometimes severely limited.
- cell lines derived, for example, primary tumors or, for example, were immortalized by means of viral treatment can potentially be produced in any desired amount and are thus also suitable as on-the-shelf products
- Cell lines that correspond to the nature of natural killer cells (NK cells) are already used in hospitals for the treatment of tumors (Carotta 2016; Suck et al., 2016).
- Leukemia cells which were taken from patients in the 1990s and cultured permanently (Klingemann et al., 1996; Yagita et al., 2000). Both cell lines have a profile corresponding to NK cells, can be stimulated by, for example, interleukin (IL) -2, and have excellent cytotoxic properties against various tumor entities.
- IL interleukin
- gamma irradiation is also known for its negative influence on the functional effectiveness, for example the anti-tumor cytotoxic activity of NK cells (FIG
- All these cellular products are usually irradiated ex vivo, ie before use on the patient and outside the body with gamma radiation of a high, finally lethal dose, usually at about 10 to 50 Gy, typically 30 Gy.
- gamma-irradiated NK-92 cells lose at least 50% of their cytotoxic potential (Tarn et al., 1999).
- NK cell lines are produced, which, however, appear even more radiosensitively than unchanged NK cells.
- the loss of function is attributable, on the one hand, to frequently long irradiation times, which are necessary to achieve higher doses, but also the accumulation of gamma-radiation-associated effects, such as, for example, unwanted oxidation of effector molecules.
- the present invention therefore in one embodiment relates to a method for irradiating a population of mammalian cells comprising at least one target mammalian cell with electron beams and / or X-rays, characterized in that:
- composition comprising a population of mammalian cells in vitro with electron beams and / or X-rays, the population of mammalian cells containing at least one target mammalian cell, and wherein the dose rate is in the range of 5 Gy / sec to 10 7 Gy / sec lies, and
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an agent comprising at least one treated vital target mammalian cell suitable for administration to a subject and / or for the preparation of treated target mammalian vital cells for the production of a cellular mammalian cell Suitable for administration to an individual, characterized in that:
- composition comprising a population of mammalian cells in vitro with electron beams and / or X-rays, the population of mammalian cells containing at least one target mammalian cell, and wherein the dose rate is in the range of 5 Gy / sec to 10 7 Gy / sec lies, and
- the ability to proliferate the target mammalian cell can be reduced, for example completely inhibited, while the cells at the same time are vital: the irradiated cell population surprisingly shows a higher proportion of vital cells in the irradiated cell population over a longer period after irradiation compared to conventionally irradiated with X-ray or gamma radiation cells irradiated at low dose rate, each with the same radiation dose ,
- the cells may have a higher desired biological activity, for example cytotoxicity, compared to conventionally irradiated cells.
- the Examples and accompanying Figures 2 to 12 demonstrate that the high dose rate electron beam irradiation of the present invention, in terms of cell vitality as well as the desired cytotoxicity biological activity, provides conventional gamma or x-ray radiation at a low dose rate each same dose, is superior.
- a low dose rate is used; i.e. a certain dose is applied over a longer period of time.
- mammalian cells are irradiated.
- the mammalian cells may be cells of any mammal, such as humans, pigs, cows, horses, dogs, cats, sheep, monkeys, rats, mice, rabbits, guinea pigs or rabbits.
- the mammal is a monkey or human, most preferably a human.
- the mammalian cells may be cells taken directly from the mammal, primary cells, cultured mammalian cells, or genetically modified mammalian cells, such as cell lines from mammalian cells.
- a preferred embodiment of such cell lines are immortalized cell lines, such as the immortalized cancer cell lines used in the examples.
- the mammalian cells may be cells from different locations of a mammal, and may include, for example, blood cells, PBMC cells, plasma cells, tumor cells, cells of healthy or diseased tissue, cells of organs such as liver cells, kidney cells, spleen cells, pancreatic cells, hematopoietic stem cells, cells Body fluids such as urine, saliva or cerebrospinal fluid and / or cells intended for transplantation.
- Stem cells are preferably not human embryonic stem cells and / or the population of mammalian cells preferably does not contain human embryonic stem cells.
- the methods irradiate a population of mammalian cells.
- a population of mammalian cells comprising at least 2 cells, preferably at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10 2, 10 3, 10 4, 10 5, 10 6, 10 7, 10 8 or 10 9 Cells, for example 10 2 to 10 9 cells, 10 3 to 10 8 cells, 10 4 to 10 8 cells or 10 5 to 10 7 or 10 8 to 10 9 cells.
- the population of mammalian cells contains at least one target mammalian cell.
- a target mammalian cell is a mammalian cell whose ability to proliferate by irradiation is to be reduced while maintaining the vitality of the target mammalian cell in period 1 d to 7 d after irradiation, and preferably the biological activity of the target mammalian cell in period 1 d to 7 d after irradiation is to be obtained.
- the vitality of the target mammalian cell 3 d after irradiation remains at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% of a plurality of irradiated target mammalian cells, and / or is the biological activity of the target mammalian cell 3 d after irradiation at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90% of the biological activity of the same mammalian cells which have not been irradiated , under otherwise identical conditions.
- the population of mammalian cells consists of target mammalian cells, or that the population of mammalian cells contains at least one target mammalian cell and one or more other mammalian cells.
- the population of mammalian cells may consist of target mammalian cells.
- the population of mammalian cells in this embodiment contains no or substantially no other mammalian cells.
- a population of mammalian cells containing one or more other mammalian cells in addition to the target mammalian cell (s) may be, for example, a graft comprising various cell types, such as a hematopoietic stem cell transplant, or a co-culture of 2, 3 or more different cell types from mammalian cells ,
- feeder cells may be included in a co-culture comprising the feeder cells and the target mammalian cells, such as tumor cells.
- a method of the invention is characterized in that the population of mammalian cells consists of target mammalian cells or consists essentially of target mammalian cells.
- a method according to the invention is therefore characterized in that the population of mammalian cells contains at least one target mammalian cell and one or more other mammalian cells.
- a method according to the invention is characterized in that the population of mammalian cells comprises a mixture of at least 2 different primary mammalian cells, in particular wherein the population of mammalian cells is a cellular transplant or a mixture of immune cells or a body fluid.
- Primary mammalian cells are mammalian cells taken from a mammal that have retained their phenotypic properties. Immortalized cells are not primary mammalian cells.
- a mixture of immune cells may be, for example, a composition containing one or more of the following cells: T cells, in particular Treg cells, CD4 + cells or CD8 + T cells, NK cells, B cells or DC cells cells.
- a body fluid may be, for example, blood, blood plasma, whole blood, urine, storage or cerebrospinal fluid.
- a cellular graft may be a hematopoietic stem cell graft.
- a cellular graft may, for example, be allogeneic or autologous.
- a method according to the invention is characterized in that the population of mammalian cells comprises one or more cell lines or consists of one or more cell lines.
- a method according to the invention is characterized in that the target mammalian cell is a proliferating, hyperproliferative or immortalized target mammalian cell, in particular wherein the target mammalian cell is a cancer cell, cancer cell line and / or immune cell, in particular wherein the cell line is a natural Killer cell (NK cell) line, T cell line, or genetically engineered cell line, and / or the immune cells are natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, or genetically engineered immune cells.
- NK cell natural Killer cell
- T cell line T cell line
- the immune cells are natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, or genetically engineered immune cells.
- Irradiated mammalian cell lines such as the NK cell line used in the examples, can then be used in cancer therapy because the harmful unrestrained proliferation is reduced by the irradiation while maintaining the vitality for a longer period of time after the irradiation.
- the method can be applied to target mammalian cells for so-called "feeder" cells.
- “Feeder” cells are cell lines used to grow the actual therapeutic cell products, for example, in the production of primary NK cell products. According to the invention, it is also possible to irradiate tumor cells which are used ex vivo after the treatment in the context of the production of so-called cell vaccines based on dendritic cells (DCs).
- DCs dendritic cells
- mesenchymal stromal cells can also be irradiated as target mammalian cells.
- mesenchymal stromal cells can be used in the context of a cellular immunosuppressive therapy after irradiation according to the invention, which prevents undirected proliferation and immunotoxic expansion in vivo.
- the ability to proliferate the one or more other mammalian cells in the population can also be altered, in particular diminished, and the vitality 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, 5 d, 6 d or 7 d after irradiation for at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% of these mammalian cells are preferably retained.
- the ability to proliferate the one or more other mammalian cells is reduced while maintaining the vitality 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, 5 d, 6 d or 7 d after irradiation for at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% of the cells is retained, but this is not mandatory.
- Such differences can result from different sensitivities of different cells to the radiation.
- the method is for the preparation of an agent comprising at least one treated target vital mammalian cell suitable for administration to a subject and / or for producing treated target mammalian vital cells for use in the manufacture of a cellular agent Administration to an individual.
- immortalized cell lines can be irradiated according to the invention.
- a composition comprising vital cells of the cell line irradiated according to the invention can be administered as an agent to an individual for tumor therapy.
- An agent comprising cells of the cell line which have been irradiated according to the invention and which are reduced in their ability to proliferate, preferably reduced by 100% in their ability to proliferate, is suitable for administration to an individual.
- an agent is not suitable for administration to an individual if the administration results in the death of the individual or leads to the disease of the individual, without a predominant therapeutic effect.
- An agent is suitable for administration to an individual, especially a human, if it is suitable for therapeutic, preventive, diagnostic or cosmetic administration to an individual.
- feeder cells can be irradiated according to the invention.
- a composition comprising vital feeder cells irradiated according to the invention can be used to produce a cellular agent for administration to an individual.
- the cellular agent in this embodiment may be a population of cells of a cell line.
- the feeder cells may serve for the growth of cellular agents, for example, in the production of primary NK cell products.
- the NK-cell products are suitable and intended for administration to an individual in this embodiment.
- a cellular agent is a composition comprising at least one vital cell, preferably a pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition comprising at least one vital cell, more preferably a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one vital cell.
- a cellular agent for administration to an individual is preferably sterile and / or does not contain pyrogens.
- An individual is a mammal, preferably a human. - -
- step (ii) of the methods of the invention optionally, vital target mammalian cells are isolated or enriched from the population of mammalian cells.
- vital target mammalian cells are isolated or enriched from the population of mammalian cells.
- the methods of the invention are performed in vitro using suitable electron beam and / or X-ray generating devices. Such devices are known in the art.
- the method according to the invention is carried out using a device for generating electron beams, which operates continuously or rapidly pulsed.
- the method according to the invention is carried out using a device for generating electron beams, which supplies electrons according to the cold cathode or hot cathode principle.
- the method according to the invention is carried out using a device for generating electron beams, which is designed as an axial radiator (scanner) or linear broadband radiator.
- the composition is statically taken up in the device or transported continuously through the electron beam or X-ray beam.
- the method according to the invention is preferably carried out using a device for generating x-rays, which provides the high dose rates according to the invention by means of a special target arrangement and a high-frequency electron beam with high frequency deflection.
- a device for generating x-rays which provides the high dose rates according to the invention by means of a special target arrangement and a high-frequency electron beam with high frequency deflection.
- Such devices for generating and high-frequency deflection of the electron beam are known in the art.
- the methods of the invention are performed at a dose rate in the range of 5 Gy / sec to 10 7 Gy / sec. It has surprisingly been found that at this high dose rate the damage, especially secondary damage, to the cells is minimized.
- the method of the present invention provides irradiated target mammalian cells which are vital for a longer time compared to conventionally irradiated mammalian cells, while at the same time reducing the ability to proliferate target mammalian cells (see Figures 2 to 12).
- the target mammalian cells irradiated by the method according to the invention preferably have a higher biological activity over a longer period of time after the irradiation compared to conventionally irradiated mammalian cells.
- the biological activity is preferably cytotoxicity to tumor cells. NK cells were successfully irradiated with the method of the invention as shown in the Examples and Figures 2 to 12.
- the dose rate (dose / time) can be suitably adapted by the skilled person. It is generally to be considered that - with respect to a particular desired applied dose - a high beam current requires little irradiation time and little beam current requires a long exposure time.
- the dose rate will be adjusted by the skilled person, taking into account e.g. with a continuous transport of the composition of the flow rate of the medium, and the radiator-type dependent jet current range. Due to the high dose rate, a high applied dose in the composition can be achieved even with a short irradiation time.
- irradiation is carried out with (i) electron beams, (ii) electron beams and x-rays, or (iii) x-rays, at a dose rate in the range of 5 Gy / sec to 10 7 Gy / sec in accordance with the invention.
- the method is performed with X-rays at a dose rate in the range of 5 Gy / sec to 10 7 Gy / sec in accordance with the invention.
- electron beams are irradiated with dose rates according to the invention or with electron beams and X-rays at dose rates according to the invention, in particular preferably with electron beams with inventive - -
- Dose rate irradiated It should be noted that when irradiated with electron beams at the impact of the rays and X-rays. Therefore, when irradiated with electron beams, X-rays are also irradiated. However, the dose rate of the X-rays will be significantly lower in the case of irradiation with electron beams according to the invention; about in the per thousand range.
- a mammalian cell is "vital" in the sense of the present cells when the cell can be determined to be vital in a cell vitality determination method described in the prior art Such methods are well known in the art and include diffusion-based methods and methods In a preferred embodiment, a perforated cell membrane diffusion-based method is used to determine vitality.
- Diffusion-based perforated cell membrane techniques are well known in the art and include perforating dyes such as trypan blue, brilliant blue FCF, crystal violet and DNA -intercalating fluorescent dyes 4 ', 6-diamidin-2-phenylindole (DAPI), ethidium bromide or propidium iodide.
- perforating dyes such as trypan blue, brilliant blue FCF, crystal violet and DNA -intercalating fluorescent dyes 4 ', 6-diamidin-2-phenylindole (DAPI), ethidium bromide or propidium iodide.
- DAPI 6-diamidin-2-phenylindole
- ethidium bromide or propidium iodide ethidium bromide or propidium iodide.
- these perforation dyes can penetrate through perforated cell membranes into vitally restricted cells, whereas live cells are hardly stained
- vital cells after staining can be done microscopically, by trypan blue
- the presence of a vital cell after irradiation is preferably within 1 d - - determined to 7 d after irradiation, in particular 2 d or 3 d to 7 d determined after irradiation.
- the vitality 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, 5 d, 6 d or 7 d can be determined after the irradiation.
- 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, 5 d, 6 d or 7 d after irradiation are at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70 % or 80% of the irradiated target mammalian cells are vital, more preferably 3 d after irradiation, at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% of the irradiated target mammalian cells are vital.
- a method according to the invention is characterized in that the population of mammalian cells or the target mammalian cells after irradiation is / are suitable for administration to an individual and / or is suitable for producing a cellular agent for administration to an individual. are.
- a method according to the invention is characterized in that the population of mammalian cells or the target mammalian cells is / are suitable for therapeutic, preventive or cosmetic administration to an individual and / or for the preparation of a cellular therapeutic, preventive or cosmetic agent suitable for administration to an individual.
- the target mammalian cells are reduced in their ability to proliferate and the vitality 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, 5 d, 6 d or 7 d after irradiation for at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% , 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% of the target mammalian cells.
- the cells are suitable and contemplated for therapeutic, preventive and / or cosmetic administration to an individual.
- the cells are suitable for therapeutic and / or preventive administration to an individual for use in the prevention or treatment of cancer or a hyperproliferative disease.
- the cells are suitable for therapeutic administration to an individual for use in the prevention or treatment of a disease requiring transplantation, such as leukemia in the case of hematopoietic stem cell preparations.
- the cells are suitable for therapeutic and / or preventive administration to an individual for use in the prevention or treatment of, for example, a hyperproliferative disorder, cancer, immune disease or chronic degenerative disease, depending on the immune cells.
- the population of mammalian cells or the target mammalian cells is suitable for administration to an individual for the therapy and / or prevention of a hyperproliferative disease, immune disease or chronic degenerative disease, and / or is the agent comprising at least one treated vital target Mammalian cell, a graft, in particular a hematopoietic stem cell transplant, a vaccine, a cytotoxic agent or an apheresis product.
- a method according to the invention is characterized in that the dose is in the range from 0.1 Gy to 1 kGy, preferably in the range from 1 Gy to 100 Gy.
- a method according to the invention is characterized in that the dose is in the range of 0.5 Gy to 800 Gy, preferably in the range of 1 Gy to 5 Gy, 10 Gy, 20 Gy, 30 Gy, 40 Gy, 50 Gy, 60 Gy , 70 Gy, 80 Gy, 90 Gy, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy, 500 Gy, 600 Gy, 700 Gy, 800 Gy, 900 Gy or 1 kGy.
- the dose is in the range of 1 Gy to 5 Gy, 1 Gy to 10 Gy, 1 Gy to 20 Gy, 1 Gy to 30 Gy, 1 Gy to 40 Gy, 1 Gy to 50 Gy, 1 Gy to 60 Gy, 1 Gy to 70 Gy, 1 Gy to 80 Gy, 1 Gy to 90 Gy, 1 Gy to 100 Gy or 1 Gy to 200 Gy.
- the dose is in the range of 5 Gy to 10 Gy, 5 Gy to 20 Gy, 5 Gy to 30 Gy, 5 Gy to 40 Gy, 5 Gy to 50 Gy, 5 Gy to 60 Gy, 5 Gy to 70 Gy, 5 Gy to 80 Gy, 5 Gy to 90 Gy, 5 Gy to 100 Gy or 5 Gy to 200 Gy.
- the dose is in the range of 10 Gy to 20 Gy, 10 Gy to 30 Gy, 10 Gy to 40 Gy, 10 Gy to 50 Gy, 10 Gy to 60 - -
- the dose may be in the range of 10 Gy to 30 Gy.
- a method according to the invention is characterized in that the dose rate is in the range from 10 Gy / sec to 10 4 Gy / sec, in particular between 50 Gy / sec to 10 3 Gy / sec, for example between 10 Gy / sec to 10 3 Gy / sec or 50 Gy / sec to 10 3 Gy / sec.
- a method according to the invention is therefore characterized in that the irradiation time is in the range of between 0.1 msec and 10 sec, more preferably wherein the irradiation time is in the range of between 10 msec and 8 sec. More preferably, the irradiation time is in the range of between 0.1 msec and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 sec, or between 0.5 msec and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 sec.
- a method according to the invention is characterized in that the composition comprising a population of mammalian cells is present as a thin layer during the irradiation in step (i).
- a composition is present as a thin layer if the composition is thin with respect to the penetration depth of the radiation during the irradiation, in particular wherein the path length of the beam path through the composition during the irradiation is less than 5 cm.
- composition as a thin layer allows for substantially homogeneous irradiation of the mammalian cells in the composition.
- the composition as a thin layer may, for example, be on a solid support during irradiation, present as a thin liquid jet, or present as an aerosol, such as aerosol particles.
- the composition is on a solid support upon irradiation.
- the solid support preferably comprises a planar or substantially planar surface on which the composition is applied.
- the solid support may be, for example, a planar or substantially planar surface, or may include cavities containing a planar or substantially planar surface.
- the solid support may be flexible, for example a foil, or may not be flexible, for example a plate or array.
- the solid carrier can be any carrier that is compatible and substantially non-toxic to the desired population of mammalian cells and target mammalian cells, and is preferably substantially radiation tolerant.
- a carrier is compatible with the radiation if, during the irradiation, no migration of harmful radiolysis products from the irradiated carrier into the composition takes place.
- plastic films such as polypropylene, PE or PVC films
- plastic plates and arrays such as culture plates with one or more wells, or plastic trays, such as Petri dishes
- plastic trays such as Petri dishes
- the composition is irradiated on a solid support so that the rays strike the composition first and then the solid support.
- the size and shape of the area of the irradiated composition is not particularly limited.
- the area of the irradiated composition should be designed so that irradiation of the entire composition is made possible homogeneously. This can be done by irradiating the stationary held composition, or by continuously passing the composition through the beam path.
- the surface area of the composition in step (i) may be between 1 mm 2 to 100 cm 2 .
- the composition may comprise a cover during irradiation or may not comprise a cover.
- a cover may be, for example, a lid, or a foil.
- the composition may be in a bag. If a cover is used, the cover is preferably radiolucent and radiation-resistant. - -
- the thin layer is preferably formed such that the thickness of the layer in the preferred direction of propagation of the beam path corresponds to the diameter of one or a few mammalian cell (s), for example the diameter of one or 1, 2 , 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 50, 100 or 1000 mammalian cell (s).
- a composition is to be irradiated as a thin layer on a solid support, as in the examples, the rays preferably impinge on the layer perpendicularly or substantially perpendicularly.
- the thin liquid jet is preferably irradiated laterally, substantially perpendicular to the liquid jet.
- the thin layer has a thickness of between 0.5 ⁇ and 3 cm.
- the thin layer therefore preferably has a thickness of between 1 ⁇ m and 1 or 2 cm, 1 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m or 1 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m.
- the composition comprising a population of mammalian cells prior to irradiation may be any composition containing mammalian cells comprising at least one living or vital target mammalian cell.
- the composition may be frozen, lyophilized, gel, sol or liquid.
- the composition is preferably a gel, in particular a hydrogel, or liquid.
- the composition comprising a population of mammalian cells is frozen upon irradiation in step (i), a gel, a sol or liquid, preferably a gel or liquid.
- the mammalian cells may be in suspension, and / or adhered to a solid support.
- the composition preferably comprises water, more preferably an aqueous solution, wherein the aqueous solution particularly preferably contains one or more buffer substances and / or medium.
- the aqueous buffered solution may be, for example, PBS.
- the pH of such a solution is preferably in the range of pH 5.5 to 8.5, more preferably in the range of pH 6.5 to 8.0.
- the composition may further contain hydrogel-forming substances, or may be frozen or liquid.
- a method according to the invention is therefore characterized in that the composition comprising a population of mammalian cells is present as a cell suspension during the irradiation in step (i) (a), or
- (b) is present as an adherent cell layer on a solid support.
- the adherent cell layer may preferably have one or more, for example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 50 cell layers.
- the population of mammalian cells upon irradiation in step (i) contains substantially no tissues, more preferably no contiguous tissue, such as liver pieces. An even distribution of the cells is helpful for homogeneous irradiation.
- the electron beams may preferably be accelerated at energies in the range of 80 keV and 10 MeV.
- a method according to the invention is characterized in that electron beams are irradiated and the electron beams are accelerated with an acceleration energy of between 80 keV and 10 MeV, in particular with an acceleration energy of between 80 keV and 300 keV.
- the electron beams can be accelerated with an acceleration energy of between 80 keV and 1 MeV, 80 keV and 250 keV, 300 keV, 400 keV, 500 KeV, 600 KeV or 700 keV.
- a method according to the invention is characterized in that X-rays are irradiated and the X-radiation has an energy of between 5 keV and 600 keV, preferably between 5 keV and 300 keV, 400 keV or 500 keV, more preferably between 10 and 200 keV.
- the electron beams and / or X-rays are applied substantially under atmospheric pressure atmosphere, wherein the normal pressure atmosphere is preferably present as a gas mixture of the earth's atmosphere.
- the temperature of the composition before irradiation is between -200 ° C and 38 ° C, preferably between -130 ° C, -80 ° C, -10 ° C or 0 ° C and 37, 7 ° C, more preferably between 10 ° C and 37.5 ° C, even more preferably between 15 ° C and 37.5 ° C.
- the composition may also have a temperature of less than 1 ° C after irradiation, or the temperature of the composition after irradiation may be 1 ° C or more.
- the temperature of the composition after irradiation is between -200 ° C and 38 ° C, preferably between -130 ° C, -80 ° C, -10 ° C or 0 ° C and 37, 7 ° C, more preferably between 10 ° C and 37.5 ° C, even more preferably between 15 ° C and 37.5 ° C.
- the density of the composition is between 0.9 and 2 g / cm 3 , preferably between 1, 0 and 1, 8 g / cm 3 .
- the vitality The cells are maintained 3 d after irradiation for at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% of the cells of the population. It is known to the person skilled in the art that different cells can have a different radiation sensitivity and therefore the values for different cells can vary.
- the composition comprising a population of mammalian cells after irradiation comprises at least one targeting mammalian vital cell, and the target mammalian cell (s) of the composition have a reduced ability to proliferate after irradiation.
- the ability to proliferate may be reduced by at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95%.
- the ability to proliferate after irradiation is reduced by 100%.
- these cells can no longer multiply.
- a 100% reduction in proliferation ability may be required in hyperproliferating cells, for example, tumor cells to be delivered or immortalized cell lines, as these cells are not suitable for a remaining ability to proliferate for administration to an individual.
- the ability to proliferate can be determined by determining the number of cells under conditions that allow their growth in vitro. Such conditions are usually between 10 ° C to 38 ° C, in the presence of a suitable culture medium. The number of cells is determined at least two different times. Methods for determining the number of cells are well known to those skilled in the art and include, for example, methods for determining the proliferation or vitality of cells. The determination of vitality can be carried out as described above. Methods for determining proliferation are also well known to those skilled in the art and include, for example, the vitality tests mentioned above, as well as the chromium release assay or the lymphocyte transformation assay (LTT).
- the reduction in the ability to proliferate after irradiation is understood as a reduction in the ability to proliferate compared to the same mammalian cells that have not been irradiated under otherwise similar conditions. - -
- the irradiated, vital mammalian target cells have a desired biological activity, in particular 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, 5 d, 6 d or 7 d after irradiation.
- This desired biological activity depends on the nature of the target mammalian cell.
- the cell may have a therapeutically, preventively or cosmetically effective activity.
- the biological activity may be cytotoxicity, immunogenicity, immunosuppression and mediation of immune tolerance.
- the biological activity is preferably cytotoxicity to tumor cells. NK cells were successfully irradiated with the method of the invention as shown in the Examples and Figures 2 to 12.
- the desired biological activity 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, 5 d, 6 d or 7 d after irradiation is at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90% of the biological activity of the same mammalian cells which have not been irradiated under otherwise identical conditions. More preferably, the desired biological activity is 3 d after irradiation of at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90% of the biological activity of the same mammalian cells which have not been irradiated , under otherwise identical conditions.
- Methods for determining the desired biological activity are well known to those skilled in the art. For example, in vitro and / or in vivo assays for the determination of cytotoxicity, immunogenicity, immunosuppression or mediation of immune tolerance are well known.
- a method according to the invention is characterized in that
- composition comprising a population of mammalian cells after irradiation comprises at least one targeting mammalian vital cell
- target mammalian cell (s) is a hyperproliferative or immortalized cell, and the ability to proliferate after irradiation is reduced by 100%
- the target mammalian cell (s) of the composition after irradiation have a biological activity, in particular therapeutic, preventive or cosmetically active activity, preferably wherein the biological activity - - is selected from the group consisting of cytotoxicity, immunogenicity, immunosuppression and mediation of immune tolerance.
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an agent comprising at least one treated vital target mammalian cell suitable for administration to an individual, characterized in that:
- composition comprising a population of mammalian cells, wherein the population of mammalian cells comprises at least one target mammalian cell is provided,
- composition comprising a population of mammalian cells optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and / or
- Adjuvants are added, and / or
- steps (a1) to (a3) are carried out in any order.
- an otherwise ready-to-use composition such as a vaccine, a cytotoxic product or apheresis product, which already contains suitable adjuvants and / or adjuvants and / or one or more other therapeutic, preventative or cosmetically active Contains funds.
- irradiation of the population may be carried out in accordance with the invention and then optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and / or adjuvants may be added to the composition, and / or one or more other therapeutically, preventively or cosmetically active agents may be added to the composition ,
- the composition in step (i) is a liquid suspension, a gel or adherent cells on a solid support, or a frozen composition containing water, for example a suspension of the mammalian cells in an aqueous solution the aqueous solution especially - - Preferably one or more buffer substances and / or medium contains.
- the aqueous buffered solution may be, for example, PBS.
- the pH of such a solution is preferably in the range of pH 5.5 to 8.5, more preferably in the range of pH 6.5 to 8.0.
- composition in step (i) may contain one or more further pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and / or adjuvants, or these may be added if desired after step (i) and optionally step (ii). Furthermore, the composition in step (i) may be added with one or more further therapeutically, preventively or cosmetically active agents or, if desired, may be added after step (i) and optionally step (ii).
- the composition in step (i) contains pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and / or adjuvants.
- adjuvants may be included as adjuvants.
- Adjuvants are well known to those skilled in the art. Suitable adjuvants are those sufficient to enhance an immune response to an immunogen.
- Suitable adjuvants for antibody-based vaccines include, for example, aluminum salts such as aluminum phosphate or aluminum hydroxide, squalene mixtures (SAF-1), muramyl peptide, saponin derivatives, mycobacterium cell wall preparations, monophosphoryl lipid A, mycolic acid derivatives, block copolymer nonionic surfactants, Quil A, cholera toxin B subunit, polyphosphazene and derivatives and immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMs) such as those described in Takahashi et al. (1990) Nature 344: 873-875.
- a suitable adjuvant for Th-1-based cytotoxic vaccines is, for example, poly I: C.
- Suitable carriers and excipients are, for example, water or an aqueous solution suitable for administration, which particularly preferably contains one or more buffer substances. Suitable carriers and excipients may be selected depending on the route of administration, dose, dosage form, storage and active agent (s).
- the excipients include excipients, for example microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, mannitol, solvents, for example polyethylene glycols, emulsifiers and dispersing or wetting agents, for example sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyoxysorbitanoleate, binders, for example polyvinylpyrrolidone, synthetic and natural polymers, for example albumin, stabilizers, for example - -
- Antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, dyes, for example, inorganic pigments such as iron oxides, and flavor and / or odoriferous.
- the dose and route of administration will also depend on the type of cellular agent to be administered. For example, systemic, such as intravenous or intraperitoneal administration, enteral or parenteral administration, or local administration such as intratumoral or subcutaneous administration may be considered. Further, depending on the type of cellular agent to be administered, for example, between 10 4 to 10 9 cells per administration may be administered to an individual.
- the present invention relates to an agent comprising at least one treated vital target mammalian cell suitable for administration to an individual and / or treated targeting vital mammalian cell suitable for the manufacture of a cellular agent for administration to an individual is producible according to any method of the invention carried out above.
- the agent and / or treated target mammalian vital cell treated according to the invention is characterized by having one or more features disclosed in the method of the invention, preferably wherein the agent is for use in the treatment or prevention of a disease.
- the present invention relates to the use of a device for generating electron beams and / or X-rays, - -
- the present invention relates to the use of electron beams and / or X-rays,
- a use according to the invention is therefore characterized in that it has one or more features which are / are disclosed for the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 Loss of anti-tumor cytotoxicity conventionally (gamma, 10 Gy) of irradiated NK cell lines according to Tarn et al. (1999) and Suck et al. (2006).
- K562 lymphoma tumor cell line as cytotoxic target A): NK-92 NK cell line B): KHYG-1 NK cell line
- Bars Control, right bars: 3 days after irradiation with 10 kGy.
- Electron beam and restriction of proliferation and preservation of vitality of irradiated cells The control was treated the same except for a fake irradiation.
- minimal dose 3
- NK-92 cells treated with 5x minimal dose 3.
- NK-92 cells treated with 10x minimal dose 4.
- NK-92 cells treated with 100x minimal dose The electron irradiation of a thin liquid film of a cell suspension leads to a restriction of the proliferative activity of the cellular component with largely preserved vitality.
- NK-92 cells treated conventionally (10 Gy gamma); 2. NK-92 cells translL2-1 conventionally treated; 3. NK - -
- KHYG-1 cells translL2-1 conventionally treated; 4. NK-92 cells treated with minimal dose electron beams.
- B Bars from left: 1. KHYG-1 cells treated conventionally (10 Gy gamma); 2. KHYG-1 cells treated with minimal dose electron beams.
- Figure 5 Proliferation of NK92 after conventional irradiation or minimally metered electron beam irradiation.
- the NK92 NK cell line was irradiated with conventional x-irradiation (cans: 10, 20 and 40 Gy, instrument: SARRP, Xstrahl Limited, UK) ("x-ray") or minimally dosed electron beam irradiation ("ebeam”).
- the electron irradiation was carried out under the following conditions: Dose rate: about 300 Gy / sec (calculated). Irradiation time: between 0.033 and 6.6 sec. Calculated doses: 0, 10, 20 and 40 Gy.
- FIG. 6 Vitality of NK92 after conventional irradiation or minimally metered electron beam irradiation.
- the NK cell line NK92 was irradiated with (a) conventional X-ray irradiation (doses: 10, 20 and 40 Gy, instrument: SARRP, Xstrahl Limited, UK) or (b) minimum dose electron beam irradiation.
- the electron irradiation was carried out under the following conditions: Dose rate: about 300 Gy / sec (calculated). Irradiation time: between 0.033 and 6.6 sec. Calculated doses: 0, 10, 20 and 40 Gy.
- Cells were seeded at a density of one million cells / ml in NK cell medium in a 6-well flat-bottomed plate.
- FIG. 7 Cytotoxic capacity of NK92 after conventional irradiation and minimally metered electron beam irradiation. Effector cells to target cells 5: 1.
- the NK cell line NK92 was irradiated with (a) conventional X-ray irradiation (doses: 10, 20 and 40 Gy, instrument: SARRP, Xstrahl Limited, UK) or (b) minimum dose electron beam irradiation.
- the electron irradiation was carried out under the following conditions: Dose rate: about 300 Gy / sec (calculated). Irradiation time: between 0.033 and 6.6 sec. (calculated doses: 0, 10, 20 and 40 Gy) and the specific lysis was detected over four days (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours).
- NK92 was co-cultured for two hours with the target cell line K562 in an E: T ratio of 5: 1 in NK cell medium.
- the data of the conventional irradiation were calculated from a duplicate experiment and were expressed as mean ⁇ SD.
- the data for the minimal dose electron beam irradiation were calculated from three independent experiments with triplicates and were presented as the mean ⁇ SD. Compared to conventional irradiation data, statistical significance was achieved at p-values ⁇ 0.05 ( * ) and calculated using the unpaired two-tailed t-test.
- E T: Effector cells to target cells.
- FIG. 8 Cytotoxic capacity of NK92 after conventional irradiation and minimally metered electron beam irradiation. Effector cells to target cells 1: 1.
- the NK cell line NK92 was irradiated with (a) conventional X-ray irradiation (doses: 10, 20 and 40 Gy, instrument: SARRP, Xstrahl Limited, UK) or (b) minimum dose electron beam irradiation.
- the electron irradiation was carried out under the following conditions: Dose rate: about 300 Gy / sec (calculated). Irradiation time: between 0.033 and 6.6 sec. Calculated doses: 0, 10, 20 and 40 Gy.
- the specific lysis was detected over four days (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours).
- NK92 was incubated for two hours with the target cell line K562 in an E: T - -
- FIG. 9 Proliferation of KHYG1 after conventional irradiation or minimally metered electron beam irradiation.
- the NK cell line KHYG1 was irradiated with conventional X-ray irradiation (X-ray irradiation (cans: 10, 20 and 40 Gy, instrument: SARRP, Xstrahl Limited, UK) Apparatus: SARRP, Xstrahl Limited, UK) ("x-ray”) or minimally metered electron beam irradiation ( ebeam)
- FIG. 10 Vitality of KHYG1 after conventional irradiation or minimally metered electron beam irradiation.
- the NK cell line KHYG1 was irradiated with (a) conventional X-ray irradiation (X-ray irradiation (dose: 10, 20 and 40 Gy, instrument: SARRP, Xstrahl Limited, UK) or (b) minimum dose electron beam irradiation Electron irradiation was performed under the following conditions: dose rate : about 300 Gy / sec calculated doses: 0, 10, 20 and 40 Gy The cells were in a density of one million cells / ml - - Sown in NK Zellmediunn in a 6-well (wells) plate with flat bottom.
- FIG. 11 Cytotoxic property of KHYG1 after conventional irradiation and minimally metered electron beam irradiation. Effector cells to target cells 5: 1.
- the NK cell line KHYG1 was irradiated with (a) conventional X-ray irradiation (X-ray irradiation (dose: 10, 20 and 40 Gy, instrument: SARRP, Xstrahl Limited, UK) or (b) minimum dose ebeam irradiation 300 Gy / sec calculated doses: 0, 10, 20 and 40 Gy
- the specific lysis was detected over four days (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours) for the europium cytotoxicity assay KHYG1 was co-cultured with the target cell line K562 for two hours in an E: T ratio of 5: 1 in NK cell medium
- the data from the conventional irradiation were calculated from a duplicate experiment and were presented as the mean ⁇ SD data of the minimal dose electron beam irradiation were calculated from three independent experiments with triplicates and were presented as
- FIG. 12 Cytotoxic capacity of KHYG1 after conventional irradiation and minimally metered electron beam irradiation. Effector cells to target cells 1: 1.
- the NK cell line KHYG1 was probed with (a) conventional X-ray irradiation (doses: 10, 20 and 40 Gy, instrument: SARRP, Xstrahl Limited, UK) or (b) minimum dose electron beam irradiation - - irradiated.
- the electron irradiation was carried out under the following conditions: Dose rate: about 300 Gy / sec. Calculated doses: 0, 10, 20 and 40 Gy.
- the specific lysis was detected over four days (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours).
- KHYG1 was cocultivated with the target cell line K562 for two hours in an E: T ratio of 1: 1 in NK cell medium.
- the data of the conventional irradiation were calculated from a duplicate experiment and were expressed as mean ⁇ SD.
- the data for the minimal dose electron beam irradiation were calculated from three independent experiments with triplicates and were presented as the mean ⁇ SD.
- a statistical significance was achieved at p-values ⁇ 0.05 ( * ) and calculated with the unpaired two-sided t-test.
- E T: Effector cells to target cells.
- the cell number was kept for cultivation or expansion between 0.2-1 x 10 6 cells / ml medium.
- 70 ⁇ l of a 1 ⁇ 10 7 cell / ml cell suspension were irradiated.
- the cell count and vitality were determined by trypan blue counting before irradiation.
- 10 ⁇ l of the cell suspension in medium were mixed with 10 ⁇ l of a 0.5% trypan blue solution (0.5 g trypan blue [Thomas Geyer, Renningen] in 100 ml DPBS buffer [Fisher Scientific, Schrete]).
- the mixture is incubated for about 2 minutes at 37 ° C and by means of a Neubauer counting chamber [Dr. Ilona Schubert Laboratory Trade, Leipzig].
- 10 ⁇ of the mixture are placed under a cover glass on the chamber so that it fills with the colored mixture.
- a cell culture transmitted light microscope (Axio, Zeiss, Jena) using 10er lens, the evaluation. Vital cells are morphologically round and colorless, while dead cells are also round and purple discolored.
- the cell count is the mean of the number of cells in the four large squares multiplied by the dilution factor (here: 0.5), the volume of the original cell suspension, and the counting chamber-specific factor 10 4 .
- the cells were adjusted to the desired cell density and harvested by centrifugation at 300 xg [Fisher Scientific, Schong] or pelleted and taken up in 70 ⁇ DPBS each.
- the cells were irradiated with a minimum dose in the range of about 20 ⁇ 10 Gy (hereinafter referred to as "minimum dose") and at 5, 10, 50 and 100 times this minimum dose of about 20 Gy and 2000 Gy (calculated) irradiated.
- minimum dose a minimum dose in the range of about 20 ⁇ 10 Gy (hereinafter referred to as "minimum dose") and at 5, 10, 50 and 100 times this minimum dose of about 20 Gy and 2000 Gy (calculated) irradiated.
- the irradiation was carried out under the following conditions: Dose rate: approx. 300 Gy / sec (calculated).
- Irradiation time between 0.066 and 6.6 sec.
- the cells were dissolved under the OPP film with about 100 ⁇ M of a trypsin / 0.5% EDTA solution [Fisher Scientific, Schrö], washed with DPBS and vitality determined via trypan blue cell counting. Thereafter, the cells were added with medium and transferred to a new well (well) for further cultivation and according to the cultivation conditions - -
- NK92 NK cell line was irradiated with conventional x-irradiation (cans: 10, 20 and 40 Gy, instrument: SARRP, Xstrahl Limited, UK) ("x-ray") or minimally dosed electron beam irradiation ("ebeam").
- the electron irradiation was carried out under the following conditions: Dose rate: about 300 Gy / sec (calculated). Irradiation time: between 0.033 and 6.6 sec. Calculated doses: 0, 10, 20 and 40 Gy.
- NK92 The vitality of NK92 was determined after conventional low dose rate irradiation or minimal dose high dose rate electron beam irradiation.
- the NK cell line NK92 was irradiated with (a) conventional X-ray irradiation (doses: 10, 20 and 40 Gy, instrument: SARRP, Xstrahl Limited, UK) or (b) minimum dose electron beam irradiation.
- the electron irradiation was carried out under the following conditions: Dose rate: about 300 Gy / sec (calculated). Irradiation time: between 0.033 and 6.6 sec. Calculated doses: 0, 10, 20 and 40 Gy.
- NK92 cytotoxic ability of NK92 was determined after conventional low dose rate irradiation with minimal dose electron beam irradiation at high dose rate, with a ratio of effector to target cells of 5: 1.
- the NK cell line NK92 was irradiated with (a) conventional X-ray irradiation (doses: 10, 20 and 40 Gy, instrument: SARRP, Xstrahl Limited, UK) or (b) minimum dose electron beam irradiation.
- the electron irradiation was carried out under the following conditions: Dose rate: about 300 Gy / sec (calculated). Irradiation time: between 0.033 and 6.6 sec. Calculated doses: 0, 10, 20 and 40 Gy.
- NK92 was cocultured for two hours with the target cell line K562 in an E: T ratio of 5: 1 in NK cell medium.
- the data of the conventional irradiation were calculated from a duplicate experiment and were expressed as mean ⁇ SD.
- the data for the minimal dose electron beam irradiation were calculated from three independent experiments with triplicates and were presented as the mean ⁇ SD.
- Statistical significance was achieved at p-values ⁇ 0.05 ( * ) compared to the data from conventional irradiation and calculated using the unpaired two-tailed t-test.
- E T: Effector cells to target cells.
- NK92 cytotoxic capacity of NK92 was determined after conventional low dose rate irradiation and minimized dose electron beam irradiation at high dose rate, with a ratio of effector to target cells of 1: 1.
- the NK cell line NK92 was irradiated with (a) conventional X-ray irradiation (doses: 10, 20 and 40 Gy, instrument: SARRP, Xstrahl Limited, UK) or (b) minimum dose electron beam irradiation.
- the electron irradiation was carried out under the following conditions: Dose rate: about 300 Gy / sec (calculated). Irradiation time: between 0.033 and 6.6 sec. Calculated doses: 0, 10, 20 and 40 Gy.
- NK92 was cocultured for two hours with the target cell line K562 in an E: T ratio of 1: 1 in NK cell medium.
- the data of the conventional irradiation were calculated from a duplicate experiment and were expressed as mean ⁇ SD.
- the data of the minimal dose electron beam irradiation were calculated from three independent ones - -
- the proliferation of KHYG1 was determined after conventional low dose rate irradiation or minimal dose high dose rate electron beam irradiation.
- the NK cell line KHYG1 was irradiated with conventional x-irradiation (cans: 10, 20 and 40 Gy, instrument: SARRP, Xstrahl Limited, UK) ("x-ray") or minimally dosed electron beam irradiation ("ebeam”).
- the electron irradiation was carried out under the following conditions: Dose rate: about 300 Gy / sec. Calculated doses: 0, 10, 20 and 40 Gy. Cells were seeded immediately after irradiation at a density of one million cells / ml in NK cell medium in a 6-well flat-bottomed plate.
- the cells were counted by trypan blue staining. Proliferation was observed over four days (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours). The count after 24 hours of irradiation served as the reference value.
- the data of the conventional irradiation were calculated from an experiment with triplicates and were shown as mean ⁇ SEM.
- the vitality of KHYG1 was determined after conventional low dose rate irradiation or minimal dose high dose rate electron beam irradiation.
- the NK cell line KHYG1 was irradiated with (a) conventional X-ray irradiation (doses: 10, 20 and 40 Gy, instrument: SARRP, Xstrahl Limited, UK) or (b) minimum dose electron beam irradiation.
- the electron irradiation was carried out under the following conditions: Dose rate: about 300 Gy / sec. Calculated doses: 0, 10, 20 and 40 Gy. Cells were seeded at a density of one million cells / ml in NK cell medium in a 6-well flat-bottomed plate.
- cytotoxic capacity of KHYG1 was determined after conventional low dose rate irradiation with minimal dose electron beam irradiation at high dose rate, with a 5: 1 effector cell to target cell ratio.
- the NK cell line KHYG1 was irradiated with (a) conventional X-ray irradiation (doses: 10, 20 and 40 Gy, instrument: SARRP, Xstrahl Limited, UK) or (b) minimum dose electron beam irradiation.
- the electron irradiation was carried out under the following conditions: Dose rate: about 300 Gy / sec.
- the cytotoxic capacity of KHYG1 was determined after conventional low dose rate irradiation with minimal dose electron beam irradiation at high dose rate, with a ratio of effector to target cells of 1: 1.
- the NK cell line KHYG1 was irradiated with (a) conventional X-ray irradiation (doses: 10, 20 and 40 Gy, instrument: SARRP, Xstrahl Limited, UK) or (b) minimum dose electron beam irradiation.
- the electron irradiation was carried out under the following conditions: Dose rate: about 300 Gy / sec. Calculated doses: 0, 10, 20 and 40 Gy.
- the specific lysis was detected over four days (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours).
- KHYG1 was co-cultivated with the target cell line K562 for two hours in an E: T ratio of 1: 1 in NK cell medium.
- the data of the conventional irradiation were calculated from a duplicate experiment and were expressed as mean ⁇ SD.
- the data for the minimal dose electron beam irradiation were calculated from three independent experiments with triplicates and were presented as the mean ⁇ SD. - -
- FIGS. 5 to 12 show that the high dose rate electron beam irradiation of the present invention has the cell vitality as well as the desired cytotoxicity biological activity of conventional X-ray irradiation of 10 Gy, 20 Gy or 40 Gy and a low dose rate , is superior at each same dose.
- Irradiation preserves immunosuppressive potential and inhibits clonogenic capacity of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.
- Cancer research 69 (9), p. 4010-4017.
- DOI 10.1 158 / 0008-5472.CAN-08-3712. Klingemann, H.
- NK-92 Off-the-shelf therapeutic for adoptive natural killer cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
- KHYG-1 A novel natural killer cell line (KHYG-1) from a patient with aggressive natural killer cell leukemia carrying a p53 point mutation.
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