EP3594980B1 - Vorrichtung zur umschaltung einer led - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur umschaltung einer led Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3594980B1
EP3594980B1 EP19182615.5A EP19182615A EP3594980B1 EP 3594980 B1 EP3594980 B1 EP 3594980B1 EP 19182615 A EP19182615 A EP 19182615A EP 3594980 B1 EP3594980 B1 EP 3594980B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
mechanical switch
gate
current
solid
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EP19182615.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3594980A1 (de
Inventor
Thierry Delachaux
Pierre Corfdir
Rudolf Gati
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ABB Schweiz AG
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ABB Schweiz AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/546—Contacts shunted by static switch means the static switching means being triggered by the voltage over the mechanical switch contacts

Definitions

  • the invention is related to an apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • LED lamps are replacing the traditional light bulbs for the sake of their more efficient conversion of electricity into light. This change is even enforced by regulation in most of the countries worldwide.
  • Typical inrush peak currents are ranging about 10 times higher than the rated current, and have to be in accordance with the international standards (for instance, IEC 60669-1 for "Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations - Part 1. General requirements ").
  • the object of the invention therefore is to drastically limit the arcing duration during the inrush current phase or switching on phase as well as during the breaking current phase or even to avoid any arcing.
  • the apparatus comprises a solid-state-device, which is arranged in such a manner that current at least partially flows through the solid-state-device while a closing or breaking phase and that current at least partially flows through the mechanical switch in closed position while the operation time.
  • the proposed solution is to combine a solid-state-device in parallel to a mechanical switch.
  • the main idea is to have the current flow through the solid-state-device, a triac, during the making and breaking phases, which last a few milliseconds, while the current flows through the switch in its closed position during all the rest of the time.
  • the advantage of this system is to have a quasi arc-free switching during the on and off phases, which prevent an excessive erosion of the contacts.
  • the mechanical switch ensures very low electrical losses, compared to a fully solid-state solution.
  • the solid-state-device is a semi-conductor-device, which is paralleled to the mechanical switch. Semi-conductor-devices are highly reliable.
  • the solid-state-device is a triac, namely a triode for alternating current, which is paralleled to the mechanical switch.
  • a triac is an electronic element having a structure of sheets comprising semi-conductors.
  • a triac comprises two thyristors in anti-parallel configuration. Through this it is possible to switch alternating current, whereas a single thyristor only can switch in one direction and in activated modus functions like a diode.
  • the triac may be fired over a gate and stays conductive as long as a holding current is higher than a critical current.
  • the apparatus comprises a triggering system for the solid-state-device.
  • An appropriate triggering system can switch the solid-state-device by taking influence on its gate.
  • the triggering system mechanically controls the gate of the solid-state-device.
  • the gate of the triac can be activated mechanically with a direct or indirect linkage to the mechanical switch.
  • the triac is triggered as soon as a current through the gate is higher than a device threshold.
  • the current is originated either directly by a network when closing the gate of the triac, which is the making phase, or by the arc voltage if the gate of the triac is closed when the mechanical switch opens, which is the breaking phase.
  • the triggering system controls the gate of the solid-state-device by a difference of a voltage on the switch, as described before.
  • the gate switch is embodied as a mechanical switch. So the gate of the triac can be mechanically activated.
  • the gate of the triac is connected, especially via the mechanical switch or gate switch to the source side of the network. As a consequence, there preferably is no need for any capacitance and/ or resistance on the path of the gate.
  • the gate switch or mechanical switch may open and close the gate. So when the main switch, which is a rocker light switch, is disconnected, the triac is also disconnected. Like this there is no opportunity that a current would inadvertently flow from the source to the load with the main switch opened.
  • the gate switch may be closed and opened in coordination with the main switch, which is a rocker light switch.
  • the gate switch is closed slightly before the main switch and opened slightly after the main switch, so that the triac is always connected in parallel to the main switch during the nominal current.
  • the nominal current will flow through the main switch, which is a rocker light switch, because it has a lower resistance than the triac.
  • the current will commute directly into the triac. This will preserve the contacts of the main switch from erosion. Due to the fact that the gate of the triac is closed a bit before the main switch and it is opened a bit after the main switch, then the main switch will see almost no arcing at all.
  • the gate of the triac is closed before the main switch and opened after the main switch, so that the main switch is by-passed by the triac as soon as an arc develops between its contacts. This procedure passively occurs without any contact separation detector. Therefore, a triggering of the gate of the triac with a mechanical switch coupled with the main switch, which is a rocker light switch, is possible.
  • the gate switch blocks flow of electrical current through the solid-state-device and electrical current flows through the mechanical switch, if the voltage is under a threshold value of voltage, and at least a part of the electrical current flows through the solid-state-device, if the voltage exceeds the threshold value.
  • the mechanical switch can be preserved.
  • the mechanical switch and the gate switch are mechanically linked together, so that both switches can be closed simultaneously or in succession within a short period of time.
  • the mechanical switch is a rocker light switch. Such mechanical switches are highly reliable and are cost effective.
  • the apparatus comprises a disconnector.
  • a disconnector has to be added in series in order to insure a galvanic insulation.
  • the rated voltage level, which is applied to the mechanical switch is smaller than 1000 V, especially smaller than 600 V, and/ or the rated current which flows through the mechanical switch is smaller than 20 A and/ or the inrush current, when the mechanical switch is closed, is smaller than 250 A.
  • a switch at least complies with the requests of international standards. The peak inrush current, as well as the energy during the making operation, are given in these standards.
  • Such a switch complies with the standard " Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations", which is the IEC 60669-1 Edition 4.0, 2017-02 .
  • a method of closing an apparatus comprises the following steps: In a first step a disconnector is closed, in a second step a gate switch is closed and in a third step the mechanical switch is closed. Immediately when the gate switch is closed, a triac conducts. The main current runs through the triac. The current may have several Amperes, whereas only Milliamperes run through the gate.
  • a method of opening an apparatus comprises the following steps: In a first step a mechanical switch is opened, in a second step a gate switch is opened and in a third step a disconnector is opened.
  • a mechanical switch as a main switch opens, the current immediately flows into a triacs gate. This opens the triac, which conducts the main current. At the next current zero the triac stays in nonconductive mode. Then the disconnector can be opened.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates, that a high inrush current occurs during the first milliseconds due to the sudden charge of capacitors located in a LED driver (AC/DC converter), when switching on a LED lamp.
  • Typical inrush peak currents are ranging about 10 times higher than then rated current. Exact conditions are described in the standard. For instance, IEC 60699-1 Edition 4.0 2017-02 for the International Electrotechnical Commission.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows an apparatus 1 to switch a light-emitting diode (LED) 2, comprising a mechanical switch 3, which comprises a moving electrode 4.
  • LED light-emitting diode
  • the moving electrode 4 is a contact, which electrically gets in connection with a further contact or electrode to enable a current flow while a closing phase and while an operation time and which moving electrode 4 can be separated from the further contact to interrupt current flow while a breaking phase of the mechanical switch 3.
  • the apparatus 1 comprises a solid-state-device 5, which is arranged in such a manner that current flows through the solid-state-device 5 while a closing or breaking phase and that current flows through the mechanical switch 3 in closed position while the operation time.
  • the solid-state-device 5 is a semi-conductor-device, which is paralleled to the mechanical switch 3.
  • the solid-state-device 5 is a triac, namely a triode for alternating current, which is paralleled to the mechanical switch 3.
  • the mechanical switch 3 is a rocker light switch.
  • the apparatus 1 also comprises a disconnector 6.
  • the working principle of the apparatus 1 is a follows: In a switching on phase (current make), first the mechanical switch 3 is in open position and the disconnector 6 is closed. At this point no current flows into the apparatus 1. While the mechanical switch 3 is closing, the triac, namely the solid-state-device 5, is fired either slightly before the contacts' touch, or when the contacts reopen (bounce).
  • the inrush current is initiated through the triac, arcing-less.
  • the current commutes from the triac to the mechanical switch 3 due to the much lower resistance path.
  • the voltage drop is about 10 mV into the mechanical switch 3 for 10A/16A, while the on-state voltage drop is in the range of 1 V into the triac.
  • a switching off phase to break the current, the mechanical switch 3 is opened first. As soon as the arc appears between the two contacts, e.g. when a voltage drop > 10 V is given, then the current commutes into the triac. When the current reaches a current zero, the current is stopped. At this point the disconnector 6 opens in order to insure the galvanic insulation of the system.
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows that the apparatus 1 comprises a triggering system 12 for the solid-state-device 5.
  • the triggering system 12 electronically controls the gate of the solid-state-device 5 or the triggering system 12 controls the gate of the solid-state-device 5 by a difference of a voltage on the switch 3.
  • the gate especially of a triac must be closed with a further mechanical switch before it fires in the difference of a voltage on the switch.
  • the triggering system 12 of the solid-state-device 5 works as follows: The triggering of the solid-state device 5 and its synchronization with the mechanical switch 3 is very important. There are essentially two schemes shown in Fig. 3 that can be used to control the solid-state-device's gate.
  • Fig. 3 shows an illustration of the combined system, comprising the mechanical switch 3 and the solid-state-device 5, with two controlling possibilities A and B.
  • the first scheme on the left side of Fig. 3 is to control the solid-state-device's gate by electronic only, using rectifiers, transistors, operational amplifiers, and/or a microcontroller.
  • the second scheme on the right side of Fig. 3 controls the solid-state-device's gate with a mechanical connection to the mechanical switch 3.
  • the gate switch 7 can be very simple in design.
  • the triac can be chosen for a current lower than the rated current, since it does not have to carry it continuously, which may help to lower the costs.
  • the triggering system 12 is developed such, that, when a voltage difference is larger than a few volts, namely about 10 V, which corresponds to an arc in the main switch 3.
  • disconnector 6 The role of the disconnector 6 is to ensure the galvanic insulation of the system. Without disconnector 6, the leakage current through the triac would continue to flow.
  • Fig. 4 shows an illustration of the simplest hybrid switch system, this includes the concept of triggering of a triac, the mechanical switch 3 is a rocker light switch and further a triac gate switch 7 is given.
  • the gate of the triac In the closed position, the gate of the triac is connected, so that the triac can be fired as soon as the minimum current is reached.
  • resistors 13, 14 In an open position, it ensures that the rated current is stopped to flow through the triac, resistors 13, 14 are chosen so, that the triac is fired only, when the voltage drop in the rocker light switch is higher than a certain threshold, typically around 10 V, which would correspond to arcing into the switch 3.
  • Fig. 4a shows an alternative scheme without resistors 13, 14. This apparatus 1a' works as described before.
  • Resistors may be added in order to limit the current in the gate and/or on the main current path in the triac, in order to protect the device.
  • Fig. 5 and 5a show further apparatuses 1b, 1b'.
  • the concept of a mechanical switch 3 in parallel to a triac shown here implies that the switching on and off sequences are not done by relays, but by a rocker light switch. Further it is implied that the solid-state device 5 must not be controlled with a microprocessor and/ or transistors, i.e. microelectronically. Further the controlling aspect of the triac implies to use the energy of the electrical network directly and to mechanically synchronize the triac with the switch. Some systems of the state of the art must have a permanent DC supply to operate their equipment synchronously.
  • the field of the invention relates to mechanical switches 3, in particular to mechanical switches 3 at low voltages, namely smaller 1 kV, such as rocker light switches.
  • the invention relates to applications of light switches with LED lamps, or any other type of loads with high inrush currents occurring during the making of the current.
  • the rated voltage level, which is applied to the mechanical switch is smaller than 1000 V, especially smaller than 600 V, and/ or the rated current which flows through the mechanical switch is smaller than 20 A and/ or the inrush current when the mechanical switch is closed is smaller than 250 A.
  • a switch at least complies with the requests of international standards. The peak inrush current, as well as the energy during the making operation, are given in these standards.
  • Such a switch complies with the standard " Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations", which is the IEC 60669-1 Edition 4.0, 2017-02 .

Landscapes

  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Vorrichtung (1, 1a-c, 1a'-c') zum Schalten einer Leuchtdiode (2) oder einer anderen Last, umfassend einen mechanischen Schalter (3), der eine bewegliche Elektrode (4) umfasst, wobei die bewegliche Elektrode (4) ein Kontakt ist, der mit einem weiteren Kontakt oder einer weiteren Elektrode elektrisch in Verbindung tritt, um während einer Schließphase und während einer Betriebszeit einen Stromfluss zu ermöglichen, und wobei die bewegliche Elektrode (4) von dem weiteren Kontakt oder der weiteren Elektrode getrennt werden kann, um einen Stromfluss während einer Trennphase des mechanischen Schalters (3) zu unterbrechen, wobei die Vorrichtung (1, 1a-c, 1a'-c') ein Festkörperbauelement (5) umfasst, das so angeordnet ist, dass Strom während einer Schließ- oder Trennphase zumindest teilweise durch das Festkörperbauelement (5) fließt und dass Strom während der Betriebszeit zumindest teilweise durch den mechanischen Schalter (3) in geschlossener Stellung fließt, und wobei das Festkörperbauelement (5) ein Triac ist, der mit dem mechanischen Schalter (3) parallel geschaltet ist, und ein Gate-Schalter (7) als mechanischer Schalter umgesetzt ist, um das Gate des Triac mechanisch zu aktivieren, wobei dieser Gate-Schalter (7) und der mechanische Schalter (3) mechanisch miteinander verknüpft sind, sodass beide Schalter gleichzeitig oder nacheinander innerhalb kurzer Zeitdauer geschlossen werden können, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mechanische Schalter (3) ein Wipplichtschalter ist und die Ein- und Ausschaltsequenzen nicht durch Relais, sondern durch den Wipplichtschalter erfolgen.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung (1, 1a-c, 1a'-c') ein Auslösesystem (12) umfasst, das den Gate-Schalter (7) für das Festkörperbauelement umfasst.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Auslösesystem (12) das Gate des Festkörperbauelements (5) elektronisch oder mechanisch steuert.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Auslösesystem (12) das Gate des Festkörperbauelements (5) mittels einer Differenz einer Spannung an dem mechanischen Schalter (3) steuert.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gate-Schalter (7) in einer offenen Stellung einen Fluss von elektrischem Strom durch das Festkörperbauelement (5) sperrt, während bei einer geschlossenen Stellung des Gate-Schalters (7) elektrischer Strom durch den mechanischen Schalter (3) fließt, wenn der Spannungsabfall in dem mechanischen Schalter (3) unter einem Spannungsschwellenwert liegt, und dass zumindest ein Teil des elektrischen Stroms durch das Festkörperbauelement (5) fließt, wenn der Spannungsabfall die Schwellenspannung überschreitet.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung (1, 1a-c, 1a'-c') einen in Reihe geschalteten Trennschalter (6) zur Gewährleistung einer galvanischen Isolierung umfasst.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Nennspannungspegel, der an den mechanischen Schalter (3) angelegt wird, kleiner als 1000 V, insbesondere kleiner als 600 V, ist und/oder der Nennstrom, der durch den mechanischen Schalter (3) fließt, kleiner als 20 A ist und/oder der Einschaltstrom beim Schließen des mechanischen Schalters (3) kleiner als 250 A ist.
  8. Verfahren zur Verwendung der Vorrichtung (1, 1a-c, 1a'-c') nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, um jegliche Lichtbogenbildung in dem mechanischen Schalter (3) zu vermeiden.
  9. Verfahren zum Schließen einer Vorrichtung (1, 1a-c, 1a'-c') nach Anspruch 6, das die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - in einem ersten Schritt wird ein Trennschalter (6) geschlossen,
    - in einem zweiten Schritt wird ein Gate-Schalter (7) geschlossen,
    - in einem dritten Schritt wird der mechanische Schalter (3) geschlossen.
  10. Verfahren zum Öffnen einer Vorrichtung (1, 1a-c, 1a'-c') nach Anspruch 6, das die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - in einem ersten Schritt wird ein mechanischer Schalter (3) geöffnet,
    - in einem zweiten Schritt wird ein Gate-Schalter (7) geöffnet,
    - in einem dritten Schritt wird ein Trennschalter (6) geöffnet.
EP19182615.5A 2018-07-09 2019-06-26 Vorrichtung zur umschaltung einer led Active EP3594980B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18182431.9A EP3594979A1 (de) 2018-07-09 2018-07-09 Vorrichtung zur umschaltung einer led

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EP3594980A1 EP3594980A1 (de) 2020-01-15
EP3594980B1 true EP3594980B1 (de) 2023-12-27

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EP18182431.9A Withdrawn EP3594979A1 (de) 2018-07-09 2018-07-09 Vorrichtung zur umschaltung einer led
EP19182615.5A Active EP3594980B1 (de) 2018-07-09 2019-06-26 Vorrichtung zur umschaltung einer led

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EP18182431.9A Withdrawn EP3594979A1 (de) 2018-07-09 2018-07-09 Vorrichtung zur umschaltung einer led

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Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3588605A (en) * 1968-10-10 1971-06-28 Amf Inc Alternating current switching apparatus with improved electrical contact protection and alternating current load circuits embodying same
JPS60117518A (ja) * 1983-11-28 1985-06-25 オムロン株式会社 リレ−装置
US5633540A (en) * 1996-06-25 1997-05-27 Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. Surge-resistant relay switching circuit
US20140091060A1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-03 Arc Suppression Technologies Arc suppression control and methods therefor
DE102014008706A1 (de) * 2014-06-18 2015-12-24 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Trennschalter zur Gleichstromunterbrechung
CN106847582B (zh) * 2016-01-24 2018-05-08 广州市金矢电子有限公司 灭弧功率器件驱动装置及灭弧装置

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