EP3594977B1 - Apparatus to switch a led - Google Patents

Apparatus to switch a led Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3594977B1
EP3594977B1 EP18182429.3A EP18182429A EP3594977B1 EP 3594977 B1 EP3594977 B1 EP 3594977B1 EP 18182429 A EP18182429 A EP 18182429A EP 3594977 B1 EP3594977 B1 EP 3594977B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
further contact
moving electrode
contact
mechanical switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18182429.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3594977A1 (en
Inventor
Thierry Delachaux
Moritz Boehm
Alexey Sokolov
Thomas Schmoelzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
ABB Schweiz AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to EP18182429.3A priority Critical patent/EP3594977B1/en
Publication of EP3594977A1 publication Critical patent/EP3594977A1/en
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Publication of EP3594977B1 publication Critical patent/EP3594977B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/60—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/22—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with rigid pivoted member carrying the moving contact

Definitions

  • the invention is related to an apparatus to switch a light emitting diode (LED) or another load, comprising a mechanical switch, which comprises a moving electrode, wherein the moving electrode is a contact, which electrically gets in connection with a further contact or electrode to enable a current flow while a closing phase, and wherein the apparatus comprises a body which absorbs or dissipates the kinetic energy of the moving electrode.
  • a mechanical switch which comprises a moving electrode, wherein the moving electrode is a contact, which electrically gets in connection with a further contact or electrode to enable a current flow while a closing phase
  • the apparatus comprises a body which absorbs or dissipates the kinetic energy of the moving electrode.
  • LED lamps are replacing the traditional light bulbs for the sake of their more efficient conversion of electricity into light. This change is even enforced by regulation in most of the countries worldwide.
  • Typical inrush peak currents are ranging about 10 times higher than the rated current, and have to be in accordance with the international standards (for instance, IEC 60669-1 for "Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations - Part 1. General requirements").
  • the object of the invention therefore is to prevent bounces or arcing on electrodes, especially to prevent bounces or arcing on a moving electrode of a mechanical switch.
  • the apparatus comprises a body, which absorbs or dissipates the kinetic energy of the moving electrode.
  • the reason for the bounces especially in light switches is due to a collision between two bodies, i.e. the two electrodes when they close. Physically, two bodies entering into an elastic collision are unable to collide without a bounce. The reason is due to the fact, that the momentum and energy equations cannot be fulfilled simultaneously. In order to have two bodies colliding without bouncing, the collision must be either very inelastic, i.e. energy absorbed by the system, or there must be a third body involved in the collision. Insofar it is necessary to use means to absorb the kinetic energy at the impact of two electrodes. Different materials and/or geometries can fulfill the task of absorbing the kinetic energy.
  • the further respectively second contact or electrode is fixed and the body is arranged at least partially behind the further contact or electrode on a side, which is averted to that side of the further contact or electrode where the moving electrode impacts on the further contact or electrode.
  • a body behind a fixed electrode so that it takes the kinetic energy and dissipates it, so that it prevents the electrodes from bouncing.
  • the body behind the fixed electrodes fulfils the task of absorbing and dissipating the kinetic energy.
  • the body is a dampening element behind the fixed electrode.
  • At least one electrode is connected to the body, wherein the body forms a part of a flexible section of a current carrier or wherein the body is a flexible current carrier.
  • a holder of the fixed electrode is designed as a loop, an arch or a bent design of the current carrier directly behind the contact or electrode. By correct dimensioning of the flexible section, this acts as a dampened spring and can absorb and dissipate the energy of the impact of the moving electrode.
  • the body comprises a polymer or is a polymer.
  • Polymeric materials can provide an efficient damping of a moving electrode. This depends on the damping factor and/ or a spring constant of an element to be placed behind a fixed electrode.
  • a spring constant may depend on its turns, of the module of elasticity of the material and/ or the geometry of the element.
  • the body comprises an elastomer or is an elastomer.
  • Elastomeric materials which can be used to develop the body, are e.g. natural rubber, synthetic rubber or thermoplastic elastomers. It is possible to use a rubber band, as absorbing body, placed behind a top fixed electrode.
  • the body comprises a foam or is developed as a foam.
  • Foam or foam-like materials can be used to develop the body.
  • a metallic foam, a ceramic foam, a composite foam or a polymer foam could be used.
  • Foams can be brought in every shape in an easy way.
  • the body comprises a solid gel material or is developed as a solid gel material. Such materials may have viscosities, which create very good dampening properties.
  • the body comprises a spring or is developed as a spring.
  • a spring may exert a restoring force or a reset force on the impacting moving electrode.
  • Springs with high dampening ratio may be used, especially metallic and polymer-based springs, may be used.
  • the body is wavy, and/ or shows a repetition of minima and maxima along an extension of the body and/ or comprises a corrugation or is corrugated.
  • a wave, undulation or corrugation can dissipate excessive energy.
  • the current carrier is developed wavy, shows an undulation or is modified with a corrugation, so that the kinetic energy of a collision traveling through the current carrier is effectively damped before behind restored to the contact.
  • the field of the invention relates to mechanical switches, in particular to mechanical switches at low voltages, namely smaller than 1 kV, such as rocker light switches.
  • the invention relates to applications of light switches with LED lamps, or any other type of loads with high inrush currents occurring during the making of the current.
  • the rated voltage level, which is applied to the mechanical switch is smaller than 1000 V, especially smaller than 600 V, and/ or the rated current which flows through the mechanical switch is smaller than 20 A and/ or the inrush current when the mechanical switch is closed is smaller than 250 A.
  • a switch at least complies with the requests of international standards. The peak inrush current, as well as the energy during the making operation, are given in these standards.
  • Such a switch complies with the standard " Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations", which is the IEC 60669-1 Edition 4.0, 2017-02 .
  • Fig. 1 illustrates, that a high inrush current occurs during the first milliseconds due to the sudden charge of capacitors located in a LED driver (AC/DC converter), when switching on a LED lamp.
  • Typical inrush peak currents are ranging about 10 times higher than the rated current. Exact conditions are described in the standard. For instance, IEC 60699-1 Edition 4.0 2017-02 for the International Electrotechnical Commission.
  • Fig. 2 shows an apparatus 1 to switch a light emitting diode (LED) or another load, comprising a mechanical switch 2, which comprises a moving electrode 3, wherein the moving electrode 3 is a contact, which electrically gets in connection with a further contact or electrode 4 to enable a current flow while a closing phase.
  • a mechanical switch 2 which comprises a moving electrode 3, wherein the moving electrode 3 is a contact, which electrically gets in connection with a further contact or electrode 4 to enable a current flow while a closing phase.
  • the apparatus 1 comprises a body 5 which absorbs or dissipates the kinetic energy of the moving electrode 3.
  • a body 5 which absorbs or dissipates the kinetic energy of the moving electrode 3.
  • two fixed electrodes 4 are given which each can get in electrical contact with a different moving electrode 3 of a tumbler or rocker switch 2.
  • Each further contact or electrode 4 is fixed and each body 5 is arranged behind the further contact or electrode 4 on a side which is averted to that side of the further contact or electrode 4, where the respective moving electrode 3 impacts on the respective further contact or electrode 4.
  • the body 5, which is schematically shown in Fig. 2 may comprise a polymer or may be a polymer, especially an elastomer.
  • the body 5 may comprise a foam or may be developed as a foam.
  • the body 5 may comprise a solid gel material or may be developed as a solid gel material.
  • Fig. 3 shows a further apparatus 1a to switch a light emitting diode (LED) or another load, comprising a mechanical switch 2, which comprises a moving electrode 3, wherein the moving electrode 3 is a contact, which electrically gets in connection with a further contact or electrode 4 to enable a current flow while a closing phase.
  • a mechanical switch 2 which comprises a moving electrode 3
  • the moving electrode 3 is a contact, which electrically gets in connection with a further contact or electrode 4 to enable a current flow while a closing phase.
  • the apparatus 1a comprises a body 5a which absorbs or dissipates the kinetic energy of the moving electrode 3.
  • a body 5a which absorbs or dissipates the kinetic energy of the moving electrode 3.
  • two fixed electrodes 4 are given which each can get in electrical contact with a different moving electrode 3 of a tumbler or rocker switch 2.
  • Each further contact or electrode 4 is fixed and each body 5a is arranged behind the further contact or electrode 4 on a side, which is averted to that side of the further contact or electrode 4, where the respective moving electrode 3 impacts on the respective further contact or electrode 4.
  • Each electrode 4 is connected to the respective body 5a, wherein the body 5a forms a part of a flexible section 6 of a current carrier 7a.
  • the flexible section 6 is designed as a loop or is bent in such a manner that kinetic energy may be absorbed.
  • the body 5a may also be a flexible current carrier 7a.
  • the body 5a acts as a spring or is developed as a spring.
  • the current carrier 7a may be a cable or wire.
  • Fig. 4 shows a further apparatus 1b to switch a light emitting diode (LED) or another load, comprising a mechanical switch 2, which comprises a moving electrode 3, wherein the moving electrode 3 is a contact, which electrically gets in connection with a further contact or electrode 4 to enable a current flow while a closing phase.
  • a mechanical switch 2 which comprises a moving electrode 3, wherein the moving electrode 3 is a contact, which electrically gets in connection with a further contact or electrode 4 to enable a current flow while a closing phase.
  • the apparatus 1b comprises a body 5b which absorbs or dissipates the kinetic energy of the moving electrode 3.
  • a body 5b which absorbs or dissipates the kinetic energy of the moving electrode 3.
  • two fixed electrodes 4 are given which each can get in electrical contact with a different moving electrode 3 of a tumbler or rocker switch 2.
  • Each further contact or electrode 4 is fixed and the body 5b is arranged behind one further contact or electrode 4 on a side which is averted to that side of the further contact or electrode 4, where the respective moving electrode 3 impacts on the respective further contact or electrode 4.
  • Fig. 4 shows an apparatus 1b, wherein the body 5b is wavy or comprises a corrugation and is corrugated.
  • the wave form or undulation or corrugation can dissipate the excessive energy.
  • the current carrier 7b is wavy or is modified with a corrugation, so that the kinetic energy of a collision traveling through the current carrier 7b is effectively damped before behind restored to the contact.
  • the current carrier 7b may be a cable or wire.

Landscapes

  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Description

  • The invention is related to an apparatus to switch a light emitting diode (LED) or another load, comprising a mechanical switch, which comprises a moving electrode, wherein the moving electrode is a contact, which electrically gets in connection with a further contact or electrode to enable a current flow while a closing phase, and wherein the apparatus comprises a body which absorbs or dissipates the kinetic energy of the moving electrode.
  • An apparatus of this kind, which uses rubber to absorb energy, is disclosed by US 2,743,330 A . GB 629 300 A shows rubber stops and EP 0 560 696 A1 shows ferro-metallic blocks.
  • Nowadays LED lamps are replacing the traditional light bulbs for the sake of their more efficient conversion of electricity into light. This change is even enforced by regulation in most of the countries worldwide.
  • However, when switching on a LED lamp, a high inrush current occurs during the first milliseconds due to the sudden charge of capacitors located in the LED driver (AC/DC converter), as illustrated in Fig. 1. Typical inrush peak currents are ranging about 10 times higher than the rated current, and have to be in accordance with the international standards (for instance, IEC 60669-1 for "Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations - Part 1. General requirements").
  • One of the issues of mechanical switches is that there is a certain bouncing of the moving electrode during the closing phase. The kinetic energy of the moving electrode can not be dissipated efficiently, which generates a bouncing.
  • The main problem occurs, when mechanical switches are used to switch on LEDs, for instance. Since the bounces occur while the current flows, then an arc forms between the two contacts. Due to the very high inrush current, that can be reached in switching on LEDs; this can lead to an accelerating contact ageing, or even to a welding of the two contacts.
  • The object of the invention therefore is to prevent bounces or arcing on electrodes, especially to prevent bounces or arcing on a moving electrode of a mechanical switch.
  • The object of the invention is achieved by means of the features of claim 1.
  • According to this claim, the apparatus comprises a body, which absorbs or dissipates the kinetic energy of the moving electrode.
  • According to the invention, it has been found that the reason for the bounces especially in light switches is due to a collision between two bodies, i.e. the two electrodes when they close. Physically, two bodies entering into an elastic collision are unable to collide without a bounce. The reason is due to the fact, that the momentum and energy equations cannot be fulfilled simultaneously. In order to have two bodies colliding without bouncing, the collision must be either very inelastic, i.e. energy absorbed by the system, or there must be a third body involved in the collision. Insofar it is necessary to use means to absorb the kinetic energy at the impact of two electrodes. Different materials and/or geometries can fulfill the task of absorbing the kinetic energy.
  • Advantageously the further respectively second contact or electrode is fixed and the body is arranged at least partially behind the further contact or electrode on a side, which is averted to that side of the further contact or electrode where the moving electrode impacts on the further contact or electrode. Through this, it is possible to add a body behind a fixed electrode, so that it takes the kinetic energy and dissipates it, so that it prevents the electrodes from bouncing. The body behind the fixed electrodes fulfils the task of absorbing and dissipating the kinetic energy. The body is a dampening element behind the fixed electrode.
  • Further advantageously at least one electrode is connected to the body, wherein the body forms a part of a flexible section of a current carrier or wherein the body is a flexible current carrier. In order to absorb the kinetic energy a holder of the fixed electrode is designed as a loop, an arch or a bent design of the current carrier directly behind the contact or electrode. By correct dimensioning of the flexible section, this acts as a dampened spring and can absorb and dissipate the energy of the impact of the moving electrode.
  • Advantageously the body comprises a polymer or is a polymer. Polymeric materials can provide an efficient damping of a moving electrode. This depends on the damping factor and/ or a spring constant of an element to be placed behind a fixed electrode. A spring constant may depend on its turns, of the module of elasticity of the material and/ or the geometry of the element.
  • Advantageously the body comprises an elastomer or is an elastomer. Elastomeric materials, which can be used to develop the body, are e.g. natural rubber, synthetic rubber or thermoplastic elastomers. It is possible to use a rubber band, as absorbing body, placed behind a top fixed electrode.
  • Further advantageously the body comprises a foam or is developed as a foam. Foam or foam-like materials can be used to develop the body. In particular, a metallic foam, a ceramic foam, a composite foam or a polymer foam could be used. Foams can be brought in every shape in an easy way.
  • The body comprises a solid gel material or is developed as a solid gel material. Such materials may have viscosities, which create very good dampening properties.
  • Advantageously the body comprises a spring or is developed as a spring. A spring may exert a restoring force or a reset force on the impacting moving electrode. Springs with high dampening ratio may be used, especially metallic and polymer-based springs, may be used.
  • Further advantageously the body is wavy, and/ or shows a repetition of minima and maxima along an extension of the body and/ or comprises a corrugation or is corrugated. A wave, undulation or corrugation can dissipate excessive energy. Preferably the current carrier is developed wavy, shows an undulation or is modified with a corrugation, so that the kinetic energy of a collision traveling through the current carrier is effectively damped before behind restored to the contact.
  • The field of the invention relates to mechanical switches, in particular to mechanical switches at low voltages, namely smaller than 1 kV, such as rocker light switches. The invention relates to applications of light switches with LED lamps, or any other type of loads with high inrush currents occurring during the making of the current.
  • Advantageously the rated voltage level, which is applied to the mechanical switch is smaller than 1000 V, especially smaller than 600 V, and/ or the rated current which flows through the mechanical switch is smaller than 20 A and/ or the inrush current when the mechanical switch is closed is smaller than 250 A. Such a switch at least complies with the requests of international standards. The peak inrush current, as well as the energy during the making operation, are given in these standards. Such a switch complies with the standard "Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations", which is the IEC 60669-1 Edition 4.0, 2017-02.
  • By a method and apparatus described above is used to avoid any bouncing and/ or arcs in the mechanical switch.
  • In the drawings:
    • Fig. 1
    shows an inrush current which occurs when the switch closes with a LED load, it is shown that a fast transient phase occurs, which is smaller than 2ms, with a peak inrush current reaching up to about ten times the rated current,
    Fig. 2
    shows an illustration of the principle of the invention, a body to absorb and dissipate energy is arranged behind each fixed electrode, which gets in electrical contact with a moving electrode,
    Fig. 3
    shows a modified holding system for the fixed electrodes, wherein the arrangement is made so that the electrodes can move a bit, and that the design absorbs the kinetic energy, and
    Fig. 4
    shows a wavy corrugated current carrier made to dissipate the excess of energy at the impact of the moving electrode on a fixed electrode.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates, that a high inrush current occurs during the first milliseconds due to the sudden charge of capacitors located in a LED driver (AC/DC converter), when switching on a LED lamp. Typical inrush peak currents are ranging about 10 times higher than the rated current. Exact conditions are described in the standard. For instance, IEC 60699-1 Edition 4.0 2017-02 for the International Electrotechnical Commission.
  • Fig. 2 shows an apparatus 1 to switch a light emitting diode (LED) or another load, comprising a mechanical switch 2, which comprises a moving electrode 3, wherein the moving electrode 3 is a contact, which electrically gets in connection with a further contact or electrode 4 to enable a current flow while a closing phase.
  • The apparatus 1 comprises a body 5 which absorbs or dissipates the kinetic energy of the moving electrode 3. In this case two fixed electrodes 4 are given which each can get in electrical contact with a different moving electrode 3 of a tumbler or rocker switch 2.
  • Each further contact or electrode 4 is fixed and each body 5 is arranged behind the further contact or electrode 4 on a side which is averted to that side of the further contact or electrode 4, where the respective moving electrode 3 impacts on the respective further contact or electrode 4.
  • The body 5, which is schematically shown in Fig. 2, may comprise a polymer or may be a polymer, especially an elastomer. The body 5 may comprise a foam or may be developed as a foam. The body 5 may comprise a solid gel material or may be developed as a solid gel material.
  • Fig. 3 shows a further apparatus 1a to switch a light emitting diode (LED) or another load, comprising a mechanical switch 2, which comprises a moving electrode 3, wherein the moving electrode 3 is a contact, which electrically gets in connection with a further contact or electrode 4 to enable a current flow while a closing phase.
  • The apparatus 1a comprises a body 5a which absorbs or dissipates the kinetic energy of the moving electrode 3. In this case two fixed electrodes 4 are given which each can get in electrical contact with a different moving electrode 3 of a tumbler or rocker switch 2.
  • Each further contact or electrode 4 is fixed and each body 5a is arranged behind the further contact or electrode 4 on a side, which is averted to that side of the further contact or electrode 4, where the respective moving electrode 3 impacts on the respective further contact or electrode 4.
  • Each electrode 4 is connected to the respective body 5a, wherein the body 5a forms a part of a flexible section 6 of a current carrier 7a. The flexible section 6 is designed as a loop or is bent in such a manner that kinetic energy may be absorbed.
  • It becomes clear from Fig. 3 that the body 5a may also be a flexible current carrier 7a. The body 5a acts as a spring or is developed as a spring. The current carrier 7a may be a cable or wire.
  • Fig. 4 shows a further apparatus 1b to switch a light emitting diode (LED) or another load, comprising a mechanical switch 2, which comprises a moving electrode 3, wherein the moving electrode 3 is a contact, which electrically gets in connection with a further contact or electrode 4 to enable a current flow while a closing phase.
  • The apparatus 1b comprises a body 5b which absorbs or dissipates the kinetic energy of the moving electrode 3. In this case two fixed electrodes 4 are given which each can get in electrical contact with a different moving electrode 3 of a tumbler or rocker switch 2.
  • Each further contact or electrode 4 is fixed and the body 5b is arranged behind one further contact or electrode 4 on a side which is averted to that side of the further contact or electrode 4, where the respective moving electrode 3 impacts on the respective further contact or electrode 4.
  • Fig. 4 shows an apparatus 1b, wherein the body 5b is wavy or comprises a corrugation and is corrugated. The wave form or undulation or corrugation can dissipate the excessive energy. Preferably the current carrier 7b is wavy or is modified with a corrugation, so that the kinetic energy of a collision traveling through the current carrier 7b is effectively damped before behind restored to the contact. The current carrier 7b may be a cable or wire. Reference numbers
    1, 1a, 1b Apparatus
    2 Mechanical switch
    3 Moving electrode
    4 Further electrode
    5, 5a, 5b Body
    6 Section of 7a
    7a, 7b Current carrier

Claims (4)

  1. Apparatus (1, 1a, 1b) to switch a light emitting diode (LED) or another load, comprising a mechanical switch (2), which comprises a moving electrode (3), wherein the moving electrode (3) is a contact, which electrically gets in connection with a further contact or electrode (4) to enable a current flow while a closing phase, and wherein the apparatus (1, 1a, 1b) comprises a body (5, 5a, 5b) which absorbs or dissipates the kinetic energy of the moving electrode (3), characterized in that the body (5) comprises a solid gel material or is developed as a solid gel material.
  2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the further contact or electrode (4) is fixed and the body (5, 5a, 5b) is arranged at least partially behind the further contact or electrode (4) on a side which is averted to that side of the further contact or electrode (4), where the moving electrode (3) impacts on the further contact or electrode (4).
  3. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rated voltage level, which is applied to the mechanical switch (2), is smaller than 1000 V, especially smaller than 600 V, and/ or the rated current, which flows through the mechanical switch (2), is smaller than 20 A and/ or the inrush current, when the mechanical switch (2) is closed, is smaller than 250 A.
  4. Method of use of an apparatus (1, 1a, 1b) according to one of the preceding claims to avoid any bouncing or arcing in the mechanical switch (2).
EP18182429.3A 2018-07-09 2018-07-09 Apparatus to switch a led Active EP3594977B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18182429.3A EP3594977B1 (en) 2018-07-09 2018-07-09 Apparatus to switch a led

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18182429.3A EP3594977B1 (en) 2018-07-09 2018-07-09 Apparatus to switch a led

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3594977A1 EP3594977A1 (en) 2020-01-15
EP3594977B1 true EP3594977B1 (en) 2022-03-30

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18182429.3A Active EP3594977B1 (en) 2018-07-09 2018-07-09 Apparatus to switch a led

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3594977B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3916746A1 (en) * 2020-05-27 2021-12-01 ABB Schweiz AG Mechanical switch to switch a light emitting diode or another load and method of switching

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB629300A (en) * 1945-12-08 1949-09-16 Frederick Leonard Cook Improvements in electrical snap acting switches
US2743330A (en) * 1954-04-12 1956-04-24 Ludwig Louis Silent switch structure
FR2688625B1 (en) * 1992-03-13 1997-05-09 Merlin Gerin CONTACT OF A MOLDED BOX CIRCUIT BREAKER

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Publication number Publication date
EP3594977A1 (en) 2020-01-15

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